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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging in acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Case report (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 97 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02553.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic Polyamide Membranes for Reverse Osmosis Separations (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 4 (1971), S. 633-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60023a025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence analysis of oligopeptides by secondary ion/collision activated dissociation mass spectrometry (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 53 (1981), S. 1704-1706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00234a035
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr-smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg−1 Fe and 11.7 g kg−1 His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg−1 (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg−1 (HID). A cross-over design, with two feeding periods was used. A 6-week freshwater (FW) period was followed by a 20-week period, of which the first three were in FW and the following 17 weeks in sea water (SW). Fish were sampled for weighing, cataract assessment and tissue analysis at five time points. Cataracts developed in all groups in SW, but scores were lower in those fed high His diets (P 〈 0.05). This effect was most pronounced when HD or HID was given in SW, but was also observed when these diets were given in FW only. Histidine supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (P 〈 0.05), whereas this did not occur when iron was added. Groups fed HD or HID had higher lens levels of His and N-acetyl histidine (NAH), the latter showing a marked increase post-smoltification (P 〈 0.05). The HD or HID groups also showed higher muscle concentrations of the His dipeptide anserine (P 〈 0.05). There was a strong genetic influence on cataract development in the CD groups (P 〈 0.001), not associated with tissue levels of His or NAH. The role of His and His-related compounds in cataractogenesis is discussed in relation to tissue buffering, osmoregulation and antioxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00640.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protection from gastrointestinal side-effects by azapropazone by its incorporation into a glucose—sodium acid citrate formulation (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Addition of glucose and sodium citrate to azapropazone, in proportions of 1:1:1 by weight reduced gastric mucosal damage in rats and there was a trend towards reduction in radiolabelled faecal red cell loss in human volunteers compared with that with azapropazone alone. The glucose and citrate did not affect the pharmacokinetics of azapropazone, or its therapeutic efficacy. While no difference was observed in endoscopic injury and in symptomatic gastrointestinal complaints in a multicentre comparison in rheumatic patients, a striking reduction in symptoms was observed in those patients with a history of severe gastrointestinal intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00046.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine enemas for treatment of ulcerative colitis: a study of the pharmacokinetics and adverse events associated with three doses of nicotine (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Transdermal nicotine is of value in active ulcerative colitis but causes adverse events because of systemic absorption. Nicotine enemas may give rise to fewer adverse events.Aim : To assess the pharmacokinetics of nicotine enemas in three doses.Methods : Thirteen volunteers, all non-smokers but three ex-smokers, were given enemas on separate occasions containing 3, 6 and 9 mg of nicotine, in ascending dose order. Adverse events were recorded and blood samples taken over 8 h for measurement of serum nicotine and cotinine.Results : Enemas were retained by most subjects. Eleven of 14 adverse events were ‘early’– 30–105 min after the enema, corresponding to maximum plasma nicotine concentrations; three events were later, 4–8 h after the enema and unrelated to the tmax. ‘Early’ adverse events occurred in eight subjects – six with 9 mg. The three highest plasma nicotine concentrations were with 9 mg and associated with headache, nausea and sweating. Only one had adverse events with 3 mg and withdrew from the study. Nicotine Cmax with 6 and 9 mg doses were respectively two and three times the value with 3 mg. Peak nicotine concentrations occurred 44–50 min after the enema.Conclusion : The 6 mg dose of nicotine probably represents the dose to use in clinical practice – for the highest therapeutic dose with a low risk of adverse events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02199.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naloxone treatment for irritable bowel syndrome — a randomized controlled trial with an oral formulation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Opioids change gut motility and secretion, causing delayed intestinal transit and constipation. Endorphins play a role in the constipation troubling some patients with irritable bowel syndrome; hence naloxone, an opioid antagonist, may have a therapeutic role.Aim : To assess the efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of naloxone in irritable bowel syndrome patients with constipation.Methods : A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (constipation-predominant and alternating types) were randomized to receive 8 weeks of treatment with naloxone capsules, 10 mg twice daily, or identical placebo.Results : Twenty-eight patients entered the study, which was completed by 25. ‘Adequate symptomatic relief’ was recorded in six of 14 on naloxone and three of 11 on placebo. Whilst the differences were not significant, improvements in severity gradings and mean symptom scores for pain, bloating, straining and urgency to defecate were greater with naloxone than placebo for all parameters. In addition, quality of life assessments improved to a greater extent in patients taking naloxone.Conclusions : Preliminary results suggest that naloxone is well tolerated and beneficial in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. A larger clinical trial is needed to provide sufficient statistical power to assess efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01320.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor on epithelial cell proliferation in the rat intestine (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Concanavalin-A, the lectin present in Jack beans, binds to mannose- and glucose-containing residues and can interact with the epidermal growth factor receptor and moderate cell proliferation in vitro.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To compare the actions of concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor on the gastrointestinal tract in vivo.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Rats maintained on total parenteral nutrition were given intragastric concanavalin-A, intravenous epidermal growth factor or concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor. Cell proliferation and crypt fission were assayed in ‘micro-dissected’ crypts.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Concanavalin-A and epidermal growth factor both significantly elevated proliferation in the small intestine and colon. No significant interaction between the effects of these two agents was seen, except in the mid small intestine where there was a synergistic interaction. Concanavalin-A had no effect on crypt branching. Epidermal growth factor significantly reduced branching in the distal small intestine and mid colon.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:The effects of the two agents appeared to be separate, except in the mid small intestine where they were additive. This is in marked contrast with the actions reported in vitro, where concanavalin-A is a powerful inhibitor of epidermal growth factor-induced cell proliferation. Concanavalin-A thus has potential for enhancing the functions of the small intestine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01025.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enteric-release glyceryl trinitrate in active Crohn’s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mucosal ischaemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. Microvascular abnormalities have been found in colonic resection specimens, and mucosal levels of constitutive nitric oxide synthase are reduced.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To assess the efficacy of a novel, enteric-release formulation of the nitric oxide donor, glyceryl trinitrate, aimed at increasing the mucosal circulation and relaxing smooth muscle in the affected bowel.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:The trial was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. Baseline disease activity was assessed by a structured symptom diary, with blood tests and a quality of life assessment. Patients with a Crohn’s disease activity index of ≥ 150 and 〈 450 were randomized to receive 12 weeks of either glyceryl trinitrate (initially 6 mg twice daily, increasing to 9 mg twice daily after 6 weeks) or an identical placebo. Assessments were repeated at 6 and 12 weeks.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Seventy patients (22 male) entered the study; 34 were given glyceryl trinitrate and 36 placebo. At 12 weeks, there were no differences between the treatment groups in terms of Crohn’s disease activity index, pain, stool frequency, inflammatory markers or quality of life scores.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Enteric-release glyceryl trinitrate did not benefit patients with mild to moderately active Crohn’s disease. Whilst ischaemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease, our results fail to provide supportive evidence for this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01120.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide mediates a therapeutic effect of nicotine in ulcerative colitis (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ulcerative colitis is a condition of nonsmokers in which nicotine is of therapeutic benefit.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:To examine the in vitro effect of nicotine on colonic smooth muscle activity and the role of nitric oxide (NO) as a mediator.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Nicotine, 1–10 μM, was administered to strips of circular muscle from the distal sigmoid colon of 9 patients with active ulcerative colitis and 18 with colorectal cancer. The effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) was examined before nicotine was added. Finally L-NAME, a NO synthetase inhibitor, was added before nicotine was administered again.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Muscle strips developed similar spontaneous resting tone. In response to EFS, ulcerative colitis tissue developed lower tensions than the controls. Nicotine significantly reduced the resting tone and peak tension after EFS, with a greater effect in controls. With L-NAME, peak tensions were increased more in ulcerative colitis than controls, and nicotine produced a much smaller reduction.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Nicotine reduces circular muscle activity, predominantly through the release of nitric oxide—this appears to be ‘up-regulated’ in active ulcerative colitis. These findings may explain some of the therapeutic benefit from nicotine (and smoking) in ulcerative colitis and may account for the colonic motor dysfunction in active disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00847.x
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