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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vegetation Response to Lime and Manure Compost Amendments on Acid Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings: A Greenhouse Study (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Land disturbed by mining in China is a serious problem and lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings constitute the majority of the metal mine tailings produced in Guangdaong Province, China. A greenhouse study was therefore conducted to evaluate the effects of lime (40, 80, 120, and 160 t/ha) and manure compost (50 and 100 t/ha) amendment on the revegetation of the Pb/Zn mine tailings using Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) and Agropyron elongatum (tall wheatgrass). The results showed that a combination of lime and manure compost amendment together with deionized water leachating was able to increase pH, reduce electrical conductivity and diethylenetraminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable concentrations of Zn and Pb in tailings. Using 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:10612971:REC80041:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉80 t/ha lime amendment with the supplement of fertilizer or manure compost was able to effectively improve germination of both C. dactylon and A. elongatum. The highest dry weight yields were obtained in tailings receiving 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:10612971:REC80041:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉80 t lime/ha and 100 t manure compost/ha for both plant species. Plant tissue analysis showed that lime amendment at 120–160 t/ha reduced Zn accumulation in both shoot and root of C. dactylon. However, this trend was not observed for Pb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80041.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Soil Seed Bank as an Input of Seed Source in Revegetation of Lead / Zinc Mine Tailings (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The goal of the present study was to assess a soil seed bank as an input seed source for revegetating lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings. The seed bank source was abandoned farmland, whose top 10-cm layer of topsoil contained 6,850 ± 377 seeds/m2 from 41 species. The seeds in the soil were principally distributed in the upper 0–2 cm, which held 75.8% of total seeds and 92.7% of species composition. The top 2-cm layer of topsoil may be sufficient to serve the purpose of providing a seed source for revegetation on derelict lands, including mined lands. Four different thicknesses of topsoil (1, 2, 4, and 8 cm, redistributed from the total 0–10-cm layer from the farmland) were field-tested on the Pb/Zn mine tailings. There was no significant difference in seedling density among the 4 thickness treatments. Many seeds in the treatments with more than 1-cm of topsoil were unable to emerge from the deeper layer. Seedlings in plots with topsoil of 1-, 2- and 4-cm failed to establish within 1 year due to the extremely high acidity (pH 2.39 to 2.76). A shallow layer of topsoil cannot neutralize the sulfuric acid generated from oxidation of pyrites in the tailings. For establishment of seedlings on metalliferous lands, an insulating layer such as subsoil, building rubble, or domestic refuse is necessary before covering with valuable topsoil. The woody legume Leucaena leucocephala grown on the tailings with a topsoil cover of 8-cm was the most dominant species. Lead was accumulated in root, branch, stem bark, and xylem, which accounted for more than 80% of the total metal concentration in the plant. This portion of Pb will reside in the plant for a long period, while the smaller portion of Pb in the leaf (about 15%) could be returned to the environment as litter during growth. Woody plants may have an advantage in metal-phyto-remediation over herbaceous plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94007.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Revegetation of Pb/Zn Mine Tailings, Guangdong Province, China (2000)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The Lechang lead/zinc mine is located in the north part of Guangdong Province, southern China. The tailings residue from the extraction of lead/zinc ores was permanently stored in tailings ponds, which required revegetation to reduce the environmental impact. A field study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of different ameliorants, including: (1) pig manure (PM); (2) mushroom compost (MC); (3) burnt coal residue (BC); (4) fly ash (FA); and (5) surface soil on the growth of Agropyron elongatum (tall wheat grass), Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass), Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), and Trifolium repens (clover) in the tailings residue. The results from the core profiles indicated that adding FA (10 cm) or BC (15 cm) as a barrier layer between the cover soil and the tailings could increase pH, compared to the treatment with soil only. C. dactylon grew well and had a high cover (90–100%) in all the treatment plots except the control plots without any amendment. A. elongatum and L. multiflorum had a higher cover when grown in plots covered with a barrier layer using FA or BC (both with surface soil), than those grown in plots covered with surface soil only. Treatment plots receiving a thicker soil cover (30 cm) had a better dry weight yield than those with a thinner soil cover (15 cm), regardless of the barrier layer. The results from this study indicate that the use of either 15 cm BC or 10 cm FA as a barrier layer with surface soil, or the use of 38 tonnes PM/ha and 6 cm MC, were effective for the revegetation of Pb/Zn mine tailings. C. dactylon was the best species among the four species used for revegetation.Key words: reclamation, Pb/Zn mine tailings, burnt coal, mushroom compost, fly ash, Bermuda grass, Italian ryegrass, clover.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.80012.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Natural Colonization of Plants on Five Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings in Southern China (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Inc.
    Restoration ecology 13 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Mine tailings can have a specific assemblage of plant species due to their unique physicochemical properties, and this process can be important in developing ecological theory and restoration practice. Physicochemical properties and natural colonization of plants on five lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings in southern China were investigated. The tailings studied included Fankou and Lechang in Guangdong Province, and Huangshaping, Shuikoushan, and Taolin in Hunan Province. Physicochemical properties of the tailings varied greatly both among and within tailings ponds, but in general, all contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and low concentrations of N, P, and organic matter. Toxic levels of heavy metals and deficiency of major nutrients appeared to be the major constraints for colonization of plants on these Pb/Zn tailings and were reflected in the metal concentration of the plant tissues. The natural colonization of plants on these tailings was limited, with only some small patches distributed mainly on the edge of tailing ponds and even fewer patches on the center of the ponds. In total 54 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 24 families were recorded on the five tailings ponds, of which the 13 species belonging to Gramineae were major components of the tailings’ flora. Species establishing on the tailings at the initial colonization phase greatly depended on their seed-dispersal capacity. Further establishment and growth were then dependent on at least one of the three ecological strategies: (1) microsite (avoidance) strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on dispersing onto microsites of relatively favorable edaphic conditions; (2) tolerance strategy: plant establishment was a result of evolving metal-tolerant ecotypes or constitutional metal tolerance; and (3) rhizome strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on clonal growth by rhizomatous extension.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00007.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Residues of Organochlorines in Sediments and Tilapia Collected from Inland Water Systems of Hong Kong (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 424-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The levels and patterns of organochlorines including DDTs, HCHs, and PCBs were investigated in sediments and tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) collected from inland water systems [Tai Wai (S1), Fo Tan (S2), Siu Lek Yuen (S3), Tai Po (S4), and Tai Wo (S5)] in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Sediment and tilapia samples were also collected from two fish ponds for comparison. The ranges of DDTs, HCHs, and PCBs in river sediments were 2.82–8.63 ng/g (DW), 0.05–2.07 ng/g (DW), and 43–461 ng/g (DW), respectively. All these values were significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than the pond sediments. Low chlorinated congeners (especially mono-, tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls) were enriched in sediment samples accounting for 70–80% of total PCBs.  The ranges of DDTs, HCHs, and PCBs in tilapia muscle collected from Fo Tan and Tai Wai were 28.2–40.1 ng/g (DW), 2.04–3.76 ng/g (DW) and 267–310 ng/g (DW), respectively. These values were also significantly higher (p 〈 0.05) than those collected from the fish ponds. Higher chlorinated PCBs (tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptachlorobiphenyls) were commonly found in tilapia accounting for almost 60% of the total PCBs. The effect of lipid contents in organochlorines accumulation was not significant (p 〈 0.05) in general.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006615
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reclamation of Wastewater for Polyculture of Freshwater Fish: Bioassays Using Chlorella and Gambusia (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 39 (2000), S. 506-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The feasibility of using the secondary effluents from two sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong (Yuen Long and Shek Wu Hui) for fish culture was assessed. Total ammonia contents in the two sewage effluents surpassed the level of 2 mg L−1 recommended for wastewater fish culture. The two sewage effluents both needed essential elements for supporting algal Chlorella vulgaris growth, whereas only sewage effluent from Yuen Long had contaminants at toxic levels. Total ammonia in water explained more than 80% variations of toxicity of water samples to Gambusia patruelis, mosquito fish, according to regression analysis. Removal of ammonia from the sewage effluent is necessary before being used for fish culture. In addition, the rather high levels of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) in the effluent should be closely monitored.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010134
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of the Cadmium-Binding Capacity of Chlorella vulgaris (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 60 (1998), S. 433-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900644
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of Sediment Toxicity Using Different Trophic Organisms (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1997), S. 260-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The main aim of the present project is to study the feasibility of using different trophic organisms for evaluating the toxicity of dredged sediments arising in Hong Kong. A total of eight sediment samples (duplicate samples collected from four selected sites: Kowloon Bay, Tsing Yi, Chek Lap Kok, and Double Haven) of Hong Kong coastal waters were analyzed for the total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, total organic carbon, acid volatile sulfides, simultaneously extracted metals, redox potential, and 12 organic micropollutants. The sediment elutriates were also analysed for the various metal concentrations, as well as contents of ammonia-N, nitrate, total sulfide, sulfate, and total organic carbon. Elutriate Sediment Toxicity Tests (ESTT) were also conducted, using two microalgae (Skeletonema costatum, a diatom and Dunaliella tertiolecta, a flagellate), juvenile shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis) and juvenile fish (Trachinotus obtaus). Two commercially available tests using bacteria (Microtox Test and Toxi-Chromotest) also were employed to test both the solid phase and elutriates of the sediments. The results of Microtox test on the solid phase, and bioassay tests using diatom on the sediment elutriate, especially the former, were correlated significantly (p 〈 0.05) with a number of physico-chemical properties of sediments and elutriates. It is recommended that a combination of a liquid-phase bioassay using diatom and a solid-phase bioassay using Microtox test should be used for screening a large number of sediment samples. However, the presence of ammonia in the sediments containing a high content of organic matter seemed to interfere the detection of contamination impacts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900183
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Time- and pressure-dependent changes in blood-brain barrier permeability after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 266-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Blood-brain barrier ; Cerebral edema ; Cerebral ischemia ; Hypertension ; Reperfusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary After 180 min of temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, the affect of phenylephrine-induced hypertension on blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed. One of the following blood-pressure regimens was maintained during either a 30- or 120-min period of reperfusion: (a) 30/Norm, 30 min of normotensive reperfusion was allowed; (b) 30/HTN, mean arterial blood pressure was increased by 35 mm Hg during 30 min of reperfusion; (c) 120/Norm, 120 min of normotensive reperfusion was allowed; or (d) 120/HTN, mean arterial blood pressure was increased by 35 mm Hg during 120 min of reperfusion. Evans blue (30 mg/kg) was given, and brains were analyzed for Evans blue by spectrophotometry. Evans blue (μg/g brain tissue, mean ± SD) was greater (P〈0.05) in both hypertensive groups versus their time matched normotensive groups (30/HTN: 80±16 versus 18±6 in the 30/Norm group; 120/HTN: 17±6 versus 8±3 in the 120/Norm group). In addition, Evans blue was greater (P〈0.05) in both 30-min groups versus their pressure matched 120-min groups (30/Norm: 18±6 versus 8±3 in the 120/Norm group; 30/HTN: 80±16 versus 17±6 in the 120/HTN group). The data are consistent with previous studies which have demonstrated an opening of the blood-brain barrier at the onset of reperfusion. In addition, the data support a hypothesis that changes in blood-brain barrier permeability are more sensitive to hypertension in the early period of reperfusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308811
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecotoxicological Assessment of Persistent Organic and Heavy Metal Contamination in Hong Kong Coastal Sediment (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 486-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of the present project is to determine the feasibility of measuring hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA in fish as an integrative measurement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metal contamination in sediment arising in Hong Kong. Sediment samples were collected from different sites, including Victoria Harbour (VS6), Yim Tin Tsai (YTT) at Tolo Harbour, Mai Po marshes (MPM) at Deep Bay, and Southern Waters (SS6) of coastal waters. The samples were analyzed for total and extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, and Pb, as well as PCBs and PAHs. In addition, biomarker responses were studied in tilapia exposed experimentally to coastal sediment for 7 days. Using RT-PCR technique, hepatic CYP1A1 and MT mRNA were measured. Three control groups were used, including one negative control group maintained in sea water only; the second and third positive control groups were in sea water but were intraperitoneally injected with either β-naphthoflavone (40 μg/g body weight) or cadmium chloride (10 μg/g body weight), respectively. The chemical data showed that VS6, YTT, and MPM were classified as Class C sediment according to the sediment quality criteria defined by the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, indicating the sites were heavily polluted. The exposure of tilapia to the sediment induced hepatic CYP1A1 (VS6 〉 YTT 〉 MPM 〉 SS6) and MT (VS6 〉 MPM 〉 YTT 〉 SS6) levels. The induction patterns were comparable to the levels of POPs and metal contamination in the sediment, indicating that the biomarker responses could be used to differentiate low to high levels of contamination among sediment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910064
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