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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 4 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 16 (1971), S. 379-406 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The gross morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules and hindgut in adults of the water bug Cenocorixa bifida (Hung.) is described. These are compared with similar structures in other insects with a view to relating the observed structure with potential function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 99 (1982), S. 87-101 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The integument of Oncopeltus fasciatus is made up of a vacuolated and a pigmented epidermal cell layer. This double layered integument is present from late embryo to adult in male and female animals reared on milkweed or sunflower seeds. Experiments with a labelled glycoside as well as retrograde ink injections suggest that O. fasciatus concentrates cardiac glycosides, normally derived from the host plants, within the vacuolated epidermal cell layer throughout its life cycle. In the adult, droplets of glycoside-rich fluid appear at precise points along the dorsolateral margins when external pressure is applied to the thorax and abdomen. This pressure causes separation of cuticular flanges in the metathoracic epimeral lobe and rupture of the cuticle in restricted areas in the mesothorax and abdomen. In addition the pigmented epidermal cell layer and the distal membranes of the vacuolated epidermal cell layer rupture with the result that the contents of the vacuolated cell layer are eliminated onto the surface of the animal where they are retained as discrete droplets by the cuticular morphology. Release of cardiac glycosides into the haemolymph is prevented by a thick basal lamina on the haemolymph side of the vacuolated epidermal cells. No specialized muscles involved with fluid release were observed. The vacuolated epidermal cells do not show ultrastructural features characteristic of actively transporting tissues, i.e., abundant mitochondria and elaborate membrane infoldings. This suggests that glycoside sequestration is essentially a passive process and should not be associated with any physiological cost. Large concentration gradients of cardiac glycosides are maintained across the basal lamina, basal plasma and vacuolar membranes of the vacuolated epidermal cell layer. Possible mechanisms by which O. fasciatus is able to concentrate cardiac glycosides as well as the possible function of this phenomenon are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 65 (1969), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Adult Cenocorixa bifida (Heteroptera: Corixidae) emerging early in the year in British Columbia are all able to fly. Insects emerging in the late autumn look similar externally, but are incapable of flight: the ultrastructure of their indirect flight muscles resembles that of immature tissue, indicating a block in the normal myogenetic sequence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oecologia 30 (1977), S. 23-41 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The parameters influencing food consumption in larvae and adults of five species of Gerris were studied. An experimental components analysis was utilized with emphasis placed on measurements of the length of time the insects spent handling food items, and the amount of food in the gut at any one time. The following characteristics were noted: (1) The maximum feeding time required to achieve satiation was 2–2.5 h for all gerrids above 10 mg wet weight. For gerrids below this weight, feeding time declined at a logarithmic rate. (2) Body size had little influence on the duration of the feeding period after food deprivation; only with the first and second instar larvae was a significant difference noted. (3) The average duration of the feeding and non-feeding periods was 10.4 and 24.6 min respectively for satiated adult G. remigis in the presence of excess food. (4) Signifcant differences in relative digestive rate existed between adult and larvae irrespective of species. (5) The smaller the gerrid, the greater the volume relative to its body weight that could be consumed at a single feeding, and for all gerrids, the amount consumed per day was greater than the maximum amount that can be ingested at a single feeding, this difference being larger in the larvae than in the adults. (6) The relationship between daily amount consumed and temperature was linear for four species, increasing with increasing temperature; food consumption in G. remigis, however, peaked at about 19°C, and declined linearily at temperatures both above and below this value. (7) Irrespective of instar and stadium duration, food consumption for G. notabilis peaked within a stadium about 40% of the way through the stadium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 340-341 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] In the silver fish (Lepisma) and the fire brat (Thermobia) (Fig. la) there is a triangular-shaped sclerite which is fused to the base of the first gonapophysis and articulates with the ninth tergum (T9) and the second gonocoxa, This sclerite is absent as such in Machilidae (Petrobius). In Thermobia ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Oecologia 44 (1979), S. 13-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Two of the parameters which determine the rate at which prey are encountered by a predator, i.e. the distance at which a predator responds to a prey and its rate of movement relative to the prey's, were determined for all the stages of five species of Gerris using gerrids and Drosophila as prey. These parameters allowed calculation of the swath, or “encounter path”, a gerrid would cover as it moved across the water surface. Gerris species prefer to attack live prey in front of them, and tend to ignore prey if the attack requires a turn of more than 100°. Hunger was found to affect the responsive angle required to clicit an attack by G. remigis, and regardless of species, smaller gerrids required the prey to be closer before an attack was initiated. The rate of movement in Gerris was measured as a function of stride length and the number of strides made per unit time. Stride length varied according to the length of the mesothoracic leg, and the frequency of movement was observed to be species specific. G. remigis, a stream species, moved 4–6 times as often as the four other species studied, all of which are characteristically found on non-moving water surfaces. Within a species, gerrid size had no significant effect on the frequency of movement, although there was a tendency for smaller gerrids to move less.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 667-687 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Cardenolide metabolism ; cardenolide excretion ; cardenolide sequestration ; Hemiptera ; Lygaeidae ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; milkweed bug ; Asclepias.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The cardenolide content of the gut, wings, and fat body ofOncopeltus fasciatus was examined. The female fat body contained 4–5% of the total cardenolide content of the insect. The cardenolide content of male fat body, and gut and wings of both sexes was below the detection limit of the cardenolide assay. Thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the cardenolide array of various tissues and secretions ofO. fasciatus reared on seeds of a single species of milkweed (A. Speciosa) and adult extracts and dorsolateral space fluid ofO. fasciatus reared on seeds of two species of milkweed with different cardenolide arrays (A. speciosa andA. syriaca). Our results indicate that cardenolides are not sequestered in the insect simply on the basis of polarity and that metabolism and differential excretion of cardenolides are involved in the sequestration of cardenolides inO. fasciatus. The similarities in the cardenolide profiles ofO. fasciatus reared on different food sources, and tissues ofO. fasciatus reared on a single food source indicates that there is regulation of the cardenolide array inO. Fasciatus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1171-1187 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Hemiptera Heteroptera ; Lygaeidae ; Oncopeltus fasciatus ; Asclepiadaceae ; cardenolides ; sequestration ; morphological adaptations ; physiological adaptations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The morphological and physiological adaptations associated with sequestration of cardenolides by the lygaeidOncopeltus fasciatus are summarized and discussed. Cardenolides are efficiently accumulated inO. fasciatus; however, the insect does not appear to suffer any physiological cost as a result of handling large amounts of these plant toxins. Morphological adaptations of the insect include a modified integument composed of a double layered epidermis with an inner layer (the dorsolateral space) specialized for cardenolide storage. Special weak areas of the cuticle are found on both the thorax and abdomen, which rupture when the insect is squeezed, resulting in the cardenolide-rich contents of the inner epidermal layer being released onto the body surface in the form of discrete spherical droplets. Physiological adaptations include selective sequestration of food plant cardenolides, concentration of cardenolides in the dorsolateral space, passive uptake of cardenolides at the gut and dorsolateral space requiring little energy output, reabsorption of secreted cardenolides by the Malpighian tubules, high in vivo tolerance to cardenolides, and the presence of cardenolide-resistant Na,K-ATPases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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