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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 90 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Stroke is the third leading cause of death as dementia is a main symptom of Alzheimer's disease. One of the important mechanisms in the pathogeny of stroke is free radical production during the reperfusion period, therefore the effects of a type of natural antioxidant, i.e. Crataegus flavonoids (CF), on brain ischemic insults were investigated in Mongolian gerbil stroke model. Results showed that pretreatment of the animals with CF decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, and nitrite/nitrate concentration in brain homogenate, increased the brain homogenate-associated antioxidant level in a dose-dependent manner. CF pretreatment increased the amount of biologically available NO by scavenging of superoxide anion produced during reperfusion. At same time, in the process of ischemia/reperfusion brain damage, the content of nitrite/nitrate (the end product of NO) increased, and of NO detected by ESR decreased. Oral pretreatment with CF decreased the nitrite/nitrate content in the brain homogenate and increased the biologically available NO concentration in a dose-dependent manner. The increasing effect of antioxidant on NO might be due to its scavenging effect on superoxide anion, which could react with NO into peroxynitrite. iNOS was implied in delayed neuron death after brain ischemic damage and it was found that pretreatment with CF could decrease the protein level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and increase the mRNA level of NOS estimated by western blotting and RT-PCR. More neurons survived and fewer cells suffered apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of CF treated animal brain. These results suggest that oral administration of this antioxidant increases the antioxidant level in the brain and protects the brain against delayed cell death caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 135-138 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A feedstock of Ti(Al,O)-Al2O3 composite powders was produced by high energy millingof a mixture of Al and TiO2 powders followed by a thermal reaction process. The feedstock wasthen thermally sprayed using a high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) technique on H13 steel substratesto produce Ti(Al,O)-Al2O3 composite coatings. The performance of the coatings was assessed interms of thermal fatigue behaviour and reaction with molten aluminium (soldering). The compositepowders and coatings were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-raydiffractometry (XRD). This paper reports the experimental observations and discussescharacteristics and potential applications of the composite coatings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 139-142 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Gamma TiAl based alloys are important materials with potential applications in aerospaceand automotive applications due to their high specific strength and creep resistance. The major barrierfor their applications is their limited ductility at room temperature and limited hot workability. Oneway of overcoming this barrier is to reduce the grain sizes to ultrafine grained (〈500μm) ornanostructured (〈100nm) level. In our present study, we attempt to produce bulk ultrafine grained Ti-47Al-2Cr (at%) alloy using a combination of high energy mechanical milling of elemental powders toproduce a very fine structured Ti/Al/Cr composite powder and consolidation of the powder using hotisostatic pressing (HIPping). It was confirmed that high energy ball milling using a planetary ball millled to the formation of extremely fine Ti and Al layered composite structure. The thermal behaviour ofthe powder was studied using differential thermal analysis, and it was shown that the reactions betweenthe Ti and Al phases in the fine structured composite powder occur at fairly low temperatures, belowthe melting point of the Al phase (660oC). The macrostructure and phase structure of the HIPpedsamples were also examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry(XRD). This paper is to report and discuss the results of this investigation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 159-162 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal spray deposition has been widely used as a coating process for applying thinprotective layers to the need-to-protect materials, or substrates. Recent technological developmentsin thermal spray processing, particularly cold gas spraying (CGS) and supersonic plasma spraying(S-PS), have enabled some emerging applications for making structural components. This paperreports on the results of our recent attempts to obtain thick TiAl coatings using three coatingtechniques: atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), S-PS and CGS. We successfully achieved a 3 mmthick coating using both APS and S-PS techniques, but failed in cold spray. A significant phasechange was observed of the powder particles experienced during both APS and S-PS processes.Nevertheless, a considerable quantity of titanium oxides was observed in the APS coating
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The displacement reaction (in situ reaction) is an effective process to solve the interfacialproblem between Al matrix and ceramic particles in Al alloy matrix composites. In this study, an Alalloy matrix composite powder containing nanometer was produced by using high energy ballmilling, and a bulk Al alloy matrix composite reinforced with nanometer and submicrometer sizedAl2O3 particles was obtained by sintering the ball milled composite powder at 950 °C for 2h. It wasfound that the Al2O3 particles were homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix after sintering. Someof the Si particles have lots of fine Al2O3 particles distributed homogeneously in the Al matrix.The hardness of the sintered specimen produced using as-milled composite powder is higher thanthat of the sintered specimen produced using as-mixed powder
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 131-134 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Alumina-iron nanocomposite powders containing 5vol.% of iron were fabricated byhigh-energy ball milling with different ball-to-powder weight ratios (BPRs) as part of the study ofceramic-metal nanocomposite magnetic materials. The microstructure and morphology of thecomposite powders were characterized using the X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanningelectron microscopy. XRD analysis and SEM examination in combination with energy dispersiveX-ray spectrometry confirmed that the nanocomposite structure of the powder particles formed onlyafter 8 hours milling for both BPRs used. With a higher BPR of 16:1, Fe-Cr alloy material wasbroken from the stainless steel balls and incorporated into the nanocomposite powder. However,such a problem did not occur with a lower BPR of 5:1. The mechanism for formation of the aluminamatrix nanocomposite powder is found to be dependent on BPR and milling time
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Cu-(2.5 or 5.0vol.%)Al2O3 nanocomposite balls and granules and Cu-(2.5vol.% or5.0vol.%)Pb alloy powder were prepared by high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) of mixturesof Cu and either Al2O3 or Pb powders. It was observed that with the increase of the content of Al2O3nanoparticles from 2.5vol.% to 5vol.% in the powder mixture, the product of HEMM changed fromhollow balls into granules and the average grain size and microhardness changed fromapproximately 130nm and 185HV to 100nm and 224HV, respectively. On the other hand, HEMMof Cu–(2.5 or 5.0vol.%) Pb powder mixtures under the same milling conditions failed to consolidatethe powder in-situ. Instead, it led to formation of nanostructured fine powders with an average grainsize of less than 50nm. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping showed homogenous distribution of Pb inthe powder particles in Cu–5vol.%Pb alloy powder produced after 12 hours of milling. With theincrease of the Pb content from 2.5 to 5.0 vol.%, the average microhardness of the Cu-Pb alloypowder particles increases from 270 to 285 HV. The mechanisms of the effects are briefly discussed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 147-152 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Titanium and titanium alloys are the materials of choice for many industrial applicationsbecause of their attractive combination of low density, good mechanical properties, and highcorrosion resistance, and titanium is the fourth most abundant metal in the earth crust (0.86 % byweight) behind aluminum, iron, and magnesium. However, titanium and titanium alloys are notwidely. The reason for this is the high cost of titanium and titanium alloys! The cost gap fortitanium and titanium alloys widens when they are used for fabricating components and structures.Consequently, much effort has been expended to reduce the cost of titanium and titanium alloys.In conjunction with the University of Waikato, Titanox Development Limited-New Zealand hasbeen successful in creating a modified novel process to produce TiAl based alloy powders withdifferent particle sizes and compositions at low cost. The process offers several benefits to thetitanium industry the most significant one of which is that it displays the potential to significantlyreduce the commercial production costs of Ti-Al based alloys. This paper describes the TitanoxDevelopment Limited technology in brief, and shows how it can economically produce titaniumalloy powders for different industrial applications and making titanium alloys affordable. Theprocess has been disclosed in a PCT (Patent Corporation Treaty) application which was approved in2004 [1], and the related patent applications either have been approved or are being filed indifferent countries
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 217-222 (May 1996), p. 771-776 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 150-151 (Jan. 1994), p. 445-456 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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