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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (7.577)
  • Digitale Medien  (7.577)
  • 2000-2004  (36)
  • 1980-1984  (4.934)
  • 1940-1944  (1.435)
  • 1930-1934  (1.172)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (7.526)
  • gene transfer
  • transformation
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (7.577)
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (7.577)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of exogenous calcium on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) friable calli (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 851-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Rubber tree ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; calcium ; gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of CaCl2 was investigated on Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer in Hevea brasiliensis friable calli which are usually proliferated on maintenance medium (MM) containing 9 mM CaCl2.Five A. tumefaciens strains (C58pMP90, C58pGV2260, AGL1, LBA4404 and EHA 105) and two binary vectors (pGIN and pCAMBIA2301) were tested and the strain EHA105pC2301 was selected to conduct further experiments. The calli were precultured on MM containing a range of CaCl2 concentrations, then inoculated with Agrobacterium suspension. Transfer of friable calli from MM containing 9 mM CaCl2 to calcium-free medium significantly enhanced the transient β-glucuronidase activity. Interestingly, the use of calcium-free Agrobacterium resuspension medium to inoculate friable calli again dramatically increased the transformation efficiency. Induction of Agrobacterium's virulence with acetosyringone remained an important factor to stimulate transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990000208
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Effects of Molybdenum on the High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Thin Foils of Fe–20Cr–5Al at Very High Temperatures (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 53 (2000), S. 561-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): Fe–Cr–Al alloy ; oxidation ; molybdenum ; breakaway oxidation ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Thin foils of Fe–20Cr–5Al alloys are susceptible to breakawayoxidation once the aluminum content of the substrate has fallen below somecritical value. The combined addition of 0.1 wt.% lanthanum and 0, 1, or 2wt% molybdenum has a beneficial effect on the high-temperature oxidation ofsuch foils. Lanthanum has the well-known reactive-element effect on adhesionof the protective alumina scale, thereby increasing the time to onset ofbreakaway oxidation, while, for alloys containing molybdenum, breakawayoxide spreads relatively slowly over the specimen in comparison to alloysthat contain no molybdenum. In particular, molybdenum-containing alloys areable to develop a protective Cr2O3 layer at the breakawayoxide–substrate interface. Conversely, molybdenum-free alloys form aninternal-oxide zone in the substrate adjacent to this interface, rather thana Cr2O3 layer, so breakaway oxide spreads rapidly. A martensitic phase isobserved in the substrate adjacent to the breakaway oxide formed on Fe–20Cr–5Al–La specimens, which means that theα-phase has transferred to the γ -phase at the temperature ofthe oxidation test (1150°C). Conversely, α-phase is retained inthe molybdenum-containing alloy, even after breakaway takes place, sincemolybdenum, which is a strong ferrite former, is enriched in the alloyadjacent to areas of breakaway oxide. The diffusion rate of chromium isslower in the γ than in the α-phase so a continuouschromium-rich oxide layer, which is effective in inhibiting breakawayoxide from spreading, cannot be established at the breakawayoxide–substrate interface for the molybdenum-free alloys.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004689211302
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spacer Length Dependence on the Efficiency of Dimeric Anionic Peptides in Gene Transfer by Glycosylated Polylysine/Plasmid Complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 20 (2000), S. 383-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Schlagwort(e): fusogenic peptides ; HA2 influenza virus hemagglutinin ; polylysine ; transfection ; gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Amphiphilic anionic peptides have been used to enhance the efficiency of transfection by helping plasmids to escape from endosomes to the cytosol. It has been shown that efficiency of an eicosamers containing five glutamyl residues (E5), can be considerably enhanced either by transforming it into a dimer or by adding a tripeptide WYG in a C-terminal position (E5WYG). The dimerization of the peptide E5WYG leads to a more efficient tool when the dimerization device includes the tripeptide WYG unit and a longer spacer arm made of Gly-βAla-βAla residues, but to a 10-fold less efficient tool when the dimerization device includes a shorter spacer, a glycyl residue. Both dimers are taken up by the cells to a similar extent. Both dimers seem to be surrounded similarly as far as the environmental pH is concerned. In contrast, we found a correlation between the propensity of the peptides to adopt a helical structure at neutral pH and the gene transfer efficiency.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010382001654
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficient Gene Delivery Using Anionic Liposome-Complexed Polyplexes (LPDII) (2000)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 20 (2000), S. 419-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Schlagwort(e): liposomes ; gene therapy ; gene transfer ; nonviral vectors ; polylysine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Synthetic gene transfer vectors based on polyplexes complexed to anionic liposomes (LPDII vectors) were characterized for their transfection efficiency in cultured mammalian cells. The effects of polycation to DNA ratio, lipid to DNA ratio, choice of polycation and lipid composition were systematically evaluated in human oral carcinoma KB cells, using a luciferase reporter gene. For LPDII formulations containing poly-L-lysine and dioeoylphosphatidylethanolamine/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (DOPE/CHEMS) anionic liposomes, at a constant lipid to DNA ratio, an increase in the polycation/DNA (N/P) ratio resulted in an increase in transfection activity. Meanwhile, the optimal lipid to DNA ratio for efficient gene delivery was influenced by the N/P ratio used, and was increased at higher N/P ratios. For the DNA condensing agent, poly-L-lysine could be replaced by polyethylenimine (PEI) as the DNA condensing agent in the formulations. For the lipidic components, CHEMS could be replaced by other anioniclipids including oleic acid, dicetylphosphate and phosphatidylserine, but DOPE, a fusogenic helper lipid, could not be replaced by dioleolyphosphatidylcholine. LPDII formulation showed significantly less cytotoxicity compared to the commonly used cationic lipsomes or PEI mediated transfection and several cell lines were transfected with high efficiency. LPDII vectors avoid the use of toxic cationic lipids and may have potential application in gene therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010338219401
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformation of the tropane alkaloid-producing medicinal plant Hyoscyamus muticus by particle bombardment (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): Hyoscyamus muticus ; particle bombardment ; transformation ; tropane alkaloids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We report an efficient whole plant transformation system for Hyoscyamus muticus, an important medicinal plant of the Solanaceous family. We developed a system using a plasmid carrying the nptII and gusA genes, which was delivered into leaf explants by particle bombardment. Ten percent of bombarded leaf explants formed kanamycin-resistant callus, from which putative transgenic plants were recovered. The nptII gene conferring kanamycin resistance was found to be incorporated into the genome of all transgenic plants screened. Over 50% of the kanamycin resistant plants showed strong expression of the non-selected gusA gene. The majority of transgenic plants reached maturity, could be self pollinated, and produced fertile seed. A simple and efficient whole plant transformation system for this medicinal plant is an important step in furthering our understanding of tropane alkaloid production in plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008912330067
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transgenic Trifolium repens with foliage accumulating the high sulphur protein, sunflower seed albumin (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): inheritance ; Rubisco small subunit promoters ; sonication ; sulphur nutrition ; sunflower albumin ; transformation ; white clover
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract With the aim of increasing the rumen-protected level of the sulphur amino acids cysteine and methionine in Trifolium repens, we introduced the coding sequence of the sunflower seed albumin (SSA) into T. repens by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The SSA gene was modified such that the protein would be localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Four different T-DNA constructions all containing the SSA gene driven by either the promoter of a gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) from Arabidopsis thaliana (A ssu), the promoter of the gene encoding the small subunit of Rubisco of Medicago sativa (L ssu), or the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S), were transferred to T. repens cv. Haifa. Transgenic T 0-plants and inter-transgenic hybrids were analysed for the level of SSA accumulation in the leaves by western blotting. The highest observed level of SSA accumulation was 0.1% of total extractable leaf protein. We observed that the promoter had a substantive effect on the level of SSA accumulation with A ssu〉CaMV35S〉L ssu. Results from the inter-transgenic hybrids showed that the capacity to synthesise SSA was inherited. However the level of SSA accumulation in the leaves generally appears not to be additive with extra transgenic loci. During this work, we attempted to improve the efficiency of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of T. repens using the SAAT-method (Sonication Assisted Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation) on cotyledons of T. repens. T-DNA transfer was in general not enhanced by sonication compared to traditional A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Furthermore, Southern blot analyses of plants regenerated from the same cotyledon after A. tumefaciens treatment and under selection, indicated that multiple shoots were usually derived from the same transformation event. We concluded from these results that only one plant from each A. tumefaciens-treated cotyledon should be taken to avoid transgenic clones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008967409302
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Efficient Production of Transgenic Cassava Using Negative and Positive Selection (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 405-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): Manihot esculenta ; transformation ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; mannose ; hygromycin ; selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In order to improve the efficiency of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) transformation, two different selection systems were assessed, a positive one based on the use of mannose as the selective agent, and a negative one based on hygromycin resistance encoded by an intron-containing hph gene. Transgenic plants selected on mannose or hygromycin were regenerated for the first time from embryogenic suspensions cocultivated with Agrobacterium. After the initial selection using mannose and hygromycin, 82.6% and 100% of the respective developing embryogenic callus lines were transgenic. A system allowing plant regeneration from only transgenic lines was designed by combining chemical selection with histochemical GUS assays. In total, 12 morphologically normal transgenic plant lines were produced, five using mannose and seven using hygromycin. The stable integration of the transgenes into the nuclear genome was verified using PCR and Southern analysis. RT-PCR and northern analyses confirmed the transgene expression in the regenerated plants. A rooting test on mannose containing medium was developed as an alternative to GUS assays in order to eliminate escapes from the positive selection system. Our results show that transgenic cassava plants can be obtained by using either antibiotic resistance genes that are not expressed in the micro-organisms or an antibiotic-free positive selection system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026509017142
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Floral Spray Transformation Can Efficiently Generate Arabidopsis (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 471-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis thaliana ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; floral spray ; SOD ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this study, floral spray and floral dip were used to replace the vacuum step in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene into Arabidopsis. The transgene was constructed by using a CaMV 35S promoter to drive a rice cytosolic CuZnSOD coding sequence in Arabidopsis. The transgene construct was developed in binary vectors and mobilized into Agrobacterium. When Arabidopsis plants started to initiate flower buds, the primary inflorescence shoots were removed and then transformed by floral spray or floral dip. More than 300 transgenic plants were generated to assess the feasibility of floral spray used in the in planta transformation. The result indicates that the floral spray method of Agrobacterium can achieve rates of in planta transformation comparable to the vacuum-infiltration and floral dip methods. The floral spray method opens up the possibility of in planta transformation of plant species which are too large for dipping or vacuum infiltration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026522104478
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in lipid and protein constituents of rafts and caveolae in multidrug resistant cancer cells and their functional consequences (2000)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 17 (2000), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Schlagwort(e): Cancer ; caveolae ; caveolin ; cholesterol ; glucosylceramide ; multidrug resistance ; rafts ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The carcinogenic process involves a complex series of genetic and biochemical changes that enables transformed cells to proliferate, migrate to secondary sites and, in some cases, acquire mechanisms that make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy. This phenomenon in its most common form is known as multidrug resistance (MDR). It is usually mediated by overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or other plasma membrane ATPases that export cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy, thereby reducing their efficacy. However, additional adaptive changes are likely to be required in order to confer a full MDR phenotype. Recent studies have shown that acquisition of MDR is accompanied by up-regulation of lipids and proteins that constitute lipid rafts and caveolar membranes, notably glucosylceramide and caveolin. These changes may be related to the fact that in MDR cells a significant fraction of cellular P-gp is associated with caveolin-rich membrane domains, they may be involved in drug transport and they could have an impact on drug-induced apoptosis and on the phenotypic transformation of MDR cancer cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026553626537
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformation of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern with bacterial codA gene enhances its tolerance to salt stress (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 489-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): Choline oxidase ; glycinebetaine ; transformation ; Brassica juncea ; salt stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The codA gene for biosynthesis of glycinebetaine from Arthrobacter globiformis was used for transforming Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Jaikisan (which lack any means to synthesize glycinebetaine) through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The stable insertion of the codA gene in the shoots obtained on medium with kanamycin and hygromycin was confirmed by PCR analysis of the nptII gene. Southern hybridization with a codA probe further demonstrated its successful integration. Immunoblot analysis revealed the presence of choline oxidase demonstrating that the bacterial codA gene had been successfully transcribed and translated. The seeds of transgenic lines showed enhanced capacity to germinate under salt stress as compared to that of the wild type. Further, the seedlings of transgenic plants that expressed codA gene showed significantly higher growth than that of the wild type under salt stress conditions. These results demonstrated that the introduction of a biosynthetic pathway for glycinebetaine into Brassica juncea significantly enhanced their salt tolerance. Hence, homozygous genotypes of selected transformed lines can be exploited for improving the salt tolerance of the desirable cultivars of Brassica juncea through breeding programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026542109965
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) expressing an antisense nucleocapsid gene sequence (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 227-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): antisense DNA ; co-transformation ; nucleocapsid gene ; pathogen-derived resistance ; somatic embryogenesis ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines transgenic for the antisense nucleocapsid (N) gene of a Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) strain isolated from peanut were generated by microprojectile-mediated transformation of repetitive somatic embryos of cultivars VC1 and AT120. The selectable marker (hygromycin resistance) and the N gene were on separate plasmids. A total of 207 VC1 and 120 AT120 hygromycin-resistant lines were produced. Of all the VC1 plants recovered 71% were cotransformed with the N gene (N+), but all plants were sterile. For AT120, 48 of the transgenic cell lines converted into plants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening showed 15 of the lines were transgenic for the N gene (N+), and two of these lines were fertile. A field test was conducted in 1998 at Ashburn, GA, using seeds from each fertile line, along with segregated and non-transgenic controls. Plants from four randomly selected field plots were examined for symptoms and analyzed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay and PCR at 10 and 14 weeks after planting. At 14 weeks, 76% of the N+ plants were symptomless, while 2% were severely symptomatic or dead. In contrast, only 42% of the plants lacking the N gene were symptomless and 50% were severely symptomatic or dead. Northern blot analysis of selected field-resistant plants detected transgene RNA, and the transcript level appeared undiminished after viral exposure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009649408157
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insect- and herbicide-resistant transgenic eucalypts* (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 307-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): bar ; cry3A ; Eucalyptus ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis containing both the insecticidal cry3A gene and the bar gene (conferring tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium) have been produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of seedling explants. Transgenic plants from two lines tested were resistant to first instars of chrysomelid beetles that are important pests of commercial Australian eucalypt plantations. Both lines also exhibit tolerance to the broad-spectrum herbicide Liberty® at 6 l/ha (1.2 kg active ingredient per hectare), twice the field application rate. Transgenic insect- and herbicide-resistant eucalypts like these are likely to provide better insect and weed control options in plantations, particularly during the vulnerable establishment phase, provided that any adverse ecological impacts of releasing transgenic trees into the environment can be assessed and minimized.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009676214328
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformation of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) with a bacterial gene for choline oxidase (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 501-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): choline oxidase ; glycinebetaine ; Japanese persimmon ; salt tolerance ; transformation ; woody plant
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This report describes the first successful genetic engineering of tolerance to salt in an agriculturally important species of woody plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the codA gene of Arthrobacter globiformis. This gene encodes choline oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycinebetaine. The binary plasmid vector pGC95.091, containing a kanamycin-resistance gene (nptII), a gene for β-glucuronidase (gusA) and the codA gene in its T-DNA region, was used with a disarmed strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, EHA101, to transform Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. `Jiro') by the leaf disk transformation method. The pRS95.101 plasmid that included only nptII and gusA in the T-DNA region was used as a control. We selected eight transgenic lines with one or two copies of the T-DNA after transformation with pGC95.091 (PC lines) and three lines after transformation with pRS95.101 (PR lines). The eight PC lines produced choline oxidase and glycinebetaine whereas neither was found in untransformed `Jiro' and in the control PR lines. Transgenic plants grew normally, resembling wild-type plants both in vitro and ex vitro. The activity of photosystem II in leaves of the transgenic Japanese persimmon plants under NaCl stress was determined in terms of the ratio of the variable (F v) to the maximum (F m) fluorescence of chlorophyll (F v/F m). The rate of decline in (F v/F m under NaCl stress was lower in the PC lines than in the control PR lines. These results demonstrated that genetic engineering of Japanese persimmon, which allowed it to accumulate glycinebetaine, enhanced the tolerance to salt stress of this plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026513831290
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Study of the factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 185-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium ; transformation ; pea ; Pisum sativum L. ; PCR analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Factors influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea were tested using highly efficient, direct regeneration system. The virulence of three Agrobacterium strains (octopine LBA 4404, nopaline C58C1 and succinamopine, hypervirulent EHA 105) clearly varied giving 1 transgenic plant per 100 explants for LBA 4404, 2.2 for C58C1 and 8.2 for EHA 105. To test the efficacy of selection agents we used the hypervirulent EHA 105 strain carrying pGPTV binary vector with one of four different selection genes: nptII, hpt, dhfr or bar. The mean number of transgenic, kanamycin-resistant plants for two cultivars tested was 4.2 per 100 explants and was slightly higher than the number of phosphinothricin-resistant plants (3.6 plants per 100 explants). The proportion of transgenics among kanamycin-selected plants was also higher than among phosphinothricin-resistant plants (35% and 28% respectively). There was no regeneration on hygromycin or methotrexate media (transformation with hpt and dhfr genes). Acetosyringone had no apparent influence on efficiency of transformation with hypervirulent EHA 105 strain, however it did affect the rate of transformation when moderately virulent C58C1 was used. Recovery of transgenic plants was enhanced after application of 5-azacytidine. The presence of integrated T-DNA was checked by PCR and confirmed by Southern hybridization. T-DNA was stably transmitted to the next generation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009679908948
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Generation of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for constitutive accumulation of an Aspergillus phytase (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 6 (2000), S. 195-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Schlagwort(e): heterologous protein accumulation ; phytate phosphorus digestibility ; phytase ; phytic acid ; transformation ; Triticum aestivum L.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The Aspergillus niger phytase-encoding gene (phyA) has been constitutively expressed in wheat. Transgenic wheat lines were generated by microprojectile bombardment of immature embryos, using the bar-Bialaphos selection system. The bar and the phyA gene expression were controlled by the maize ubiquitin-1 promoter. To ensure secretion and glycosylation of the microbial phytase, an expression cassette was designed (Ubi-SP-Phy) where an α-amylase signal peptide sequence was inserted between the promoter and the phytase coding region. A similar cassette was constructed without the signal peptide sequence (Ubi-Phy). Five lines of fertile wheat transformed with the Ubi-SP-Phy were generated and two lines with the Ubi-Phy construct. The inheritance of the phyA gene was monitored through three generations. Western blotting of leaf and seed derived protein revealed the presence of an immunoreacting polypeptide of the size expected for the Aspergillus phytase. Up to 25 days after pollination, the heterologous phytase was exclusively present in the pericarp-seed coat-aleurone fraction. Thereafter, it accumulated in the endosperm in amounts exceeding that found in the seed coat and aleurone. The phyA mRNA and derived protein could at no stage be detected in the embryo. The Ubi-SP-Phy transgenic seeds exhibited up to 4-fold increase of phytase activity while up to 56% increase was found in Ubi-Phy plants. It is concluded that a functional Aspergillus phytase can be produced in significant amounts in wheat grains. This may be of relevance for improving the phytate-phosphorus digestibility when wheat grains are used for non-ruminant animal feed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009690730620
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Insulin-like Growth Factor-I cDNA Gene Transfer in vitro and in vivo (2000)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 38 (2000), S. 41-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; liposome ; IGF-I ; wound healing ; rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Our hypothesis is that gene transfer of an IGF-I CMV-cDNA with cholesterol containing cationic liposomes is an efficient tool for transient transfection of growth factors in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we transiently cotransfected IGF-I cDNA with a CMV construct and a Lac Z CHKβCHK-galactosidase cDNA/CMV construct using cholesterol containing cationic liposomes and measured CHKβCHK-galactosidase and IGF-I mRNA and protein. In vivo, we subcutaneously injected 3-month-old male Sprague–Dawley rats with IGF-I cDNA and CHKβCHK-galactosidase cDNA into rat skin. After IGF-I and CHKβCHK-galactosidase were cotransfected into PC12 cells, Northern blot analysis showed that the peak time of IGF-I expression was 2 days for mRNA and 5 days for protein. In vivo, a cDNA/liposome ratio of 1:2 was most effective. IGF-I protein expression in IGF-I-transfected skin resulted in significant transfection from day 5 to day 7. In situ determination of CHKβCHK-galactosidase activity confirmed that transfections resulted in a restricted expression area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001880220039
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metamorphosis of a Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenoma to Cushing's Disease (2000)
    Springer
    Pituitary 3 (2000), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7403
    Schlagwort(e): Cushing's disease ; silent ; pituitary ; tumour ; macroadenoma ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Silent pituitary adenomas occur in 25–40% of all clinically apparent pituitary tumours. However, the subsequent development of florid Cushing's disease in a patient with a previous non-functioning tumour is extremely rare. We describe a 47 year-old woman presenting initially with a large, invasive and recurrent, non-functioning pituitary tumour. Histopathologic study of the initial tissue did not stain for any hormones. Six years after the initial presentation, she manifested florid ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome. A recurrent invasive pituitary macroadenoma necessitated a third transphenoidal surgery. The resected specimen, in this instance, revealed positive staining for ACTH, FSH, prolactin, and growth hormone on immunocytochemistry. An incomplete response to surgical, radiation and medical therapy necessitated a bilateral adrenalectomy to control the hypercortisolism, which resulted in remarkable clinical improvement. We also review five previous case reports from the revision literature of similar transformations from non-secreting pituitary adenomas to Cushing's disease. This subset of patients may represent yet another entity in the widening spectrum of Cushing's syndrome.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009961925780
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A Cationic Lipid Emulsion/DNA Complex as a Physically Stable and Serum-Resistant Gene Delivery System (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 314-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; lipid emulsions ; poly(ethylene glycol) ; transfection ; cationic lipids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. To develop a non-viral gene delivery system in the form ofan oil-in-water (o/w) lipid emulsionMethod. Cationic lipid emulsions were formulated with soybean oil,1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) as acationic emulsifier and other co-emulsifiers. The physicalcharacteristics of the lipid emulsion and the emulsion/DNA complex weredetermined. The in vitro transfection efficiency of the emulsion/DNAcomplex was determined in the presence of up to 90% serum. Results. The average droplet size and zeta potential of emulsions wereca. 180 nm and ca. +50 mV, respectively. Among the emulsions, astable formulation was selected to form a complex with a plasmidDNA encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. By increasing theratio of emulsion to DNA, zeta-potential of the emulsion/DNA complexincreased monotonously from negative to positive without any changesin the complex size. The complex was stable against DNase I digestionand an anionic poly-l-aspartic acid (PLAA). The complex deliveredDNA into the cells successfully, and the transfection efficiency wasnot affected by complex formation time from 20 min to 2 h. Moreimportantly, the cationic lipid emulsion facilitated the transfer of DNAin the presence of up to 90% serum. Conclusions. The cationic lipid emulsion/DNA complex has physicalstability and serum resistant properties for gene transfer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007553106681
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transforming Self and Society: A "Critical Appreciation" Model (2000)
    Springer
    Systemic practice and action research 13 (2000), S. 475-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9295
    Schlagwort(e): reflection ; transformation ; self-society dynamics ; critical systems thinking ; systemic intervention ; critical self-reflection ; ideology-critique ; critical appreciation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper sets out to uncover some relationships between reflection, discourse and action. By challenging and synthesizing some polemical arguments concerning the creation, maintenance, and transformation of self and society, a model of self-society dynamics that operates through reflection, discourse, and action is developed. The model of self-society dynamics brings together aspects of self-reflection and ideology-critique (explored in the paper), which it is suggested are required for any intervention (transformative action) to be grounded in locally meaningful ways. By creating a dialog community in which self- and group assumptions can be subjected to validation through discourse, it is proposed that a dynamic balance between individual needs and broader societal aims may be achieved. If individuals can be open to such discourse (i.e., they can become critically self-reflective), then it is argued that possibilities for achieving sustainable change will be significantly enhanced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009541430809
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors involved in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer into Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 114 (2000), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): conifers ; salgareño pine ; tissue culture ; transformation ; transient gene expression ; uidA expression ; vir gene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Cotyledons from dissected sterile embryos of salgareño pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) were inoculated with different disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring the binary vector p35SGUSint. The transient expression of a β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) was studied, using a histochemical staining procedure. Nineteen days after inoculation, the activity of β-glucuronidase was detected in epidermal and subepidermal layers of cotyledonary explants. The EHA105 strain harbouring a disarmed agropine-type Ti-plasmid (pTiBO542) was the most effective for gene transfer of the uidA gene. The effects of exudates and extracts from 0-day-old embryos on induction of vir gene expression in A. tumefaciens were also examined. The results of this study showed that salgarño pine embryo exudates contain a substance(s) that induce vir gene expression, in similar way to that observed with 100 μM acetosyringone (AS).All these findings suggest that T-DNA processing and transfer might take place when Agrobacterium infects suitable tissues of salgareño pine.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003946131356
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Towards genetic transformation in the monocot Alstroemeria L. (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 115 (2000), S. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): cell suspension ; monocotyledon ; selection ; somatic embryogenesis ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The successful application of plant biotechnology to Alstroemeria improvement will largely depend on the availability of an efficient regeneration/transformation system. Regeneration in Alstroemeria is accomplished from nodular embryogenic callus initiated from zygotic embryos. Histological studies of embryogenic callus initiation from 4-weeks old cultured ovules revealed that the outermost layers of the protoderm of the embryogenic nodules divided to form either a new nodule or aproembryo. Transient gene expression after particle bombardment of nodular embryogenic callus was optimized using DNA of pAHC25. The highest β-glucuronidase expression was found when the GUS gene was under control of the maize ubiquitin promoter, the target tissue was placed 5 cm below the microcarrier launch assembly and when the rupture disc-breakage point was between 650–900 psi. Kanamycin blocked regeneration of somatic embryos, however, did not block growth of nodular embryogenic callus. With phosphinothricin both callus growth and regeneration were blocked. Bombardment of nodular embryogenic callus with DNA of pAHC25 combined with selection on medium containing phosphinothricin resulted in putative transgenic chimeric. Friable calli were selected from nodular embryogenic callus and used to initiate suspensions. These cell suspensions were subjected to transformation by particle bombardment using DNA of pAHC25 and resulted in a stable transformed friable callus line after selection based on luciferase activity. Even after 2 years of maintenance this callus line was luciferase positive and the Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis demonstrated the presence of the introduced gene in this friable callus line.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003979423469
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid transformation and regeneration of alfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) via direct somatic embryogenesis (2000)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 31 (2000), S. 155-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): alfalfa ; cell division cycle ; somatic embryogenesis ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Two simple, rapid and efficient protocols for theregeneration of transformed tetraploid lines ofalfalfa (Medicago falcata L.) have beendeveloped and compared. Leaf explants fromembryogenic lines 47/1-150 and 47/1-5 were inoculatedwith Agrobacterium tumefaciens containingconstructs carrying the nptII selectable markergene and promoter:gusA gene fusions under thecontrol of the CaMV 35S or Arabidopsis cdc2a,CycB1 and CycA2 promoters. In the firstregeneration system (the MSH system), inoculated leafexplants were incubated on MS medium supplemented with2,4-D and kinetin and then subcultured onto plantgrowth regulator-free MS medium in order to inducedirect somatic embryogenesis. In the secondregeneration system (the B5h system), the inoculatedexplants were incubated on B5h medium to induceindirect production of somatic embryos viaembryogenic callus. In both systems, an effectivekanamycin selection regime was employed and wasmaintained when the embryos were subcultured onto arecovery medium (Boi2Y) to promote further embryodevelopment. The use of Boi2Y medium was particularlyimportant for shortening the regeneration time andpromoting a higher frequency of healthy plantletproduction from the somatic embryos. The maturesomatic embryos were finally transferred to plantgrowth regulator-free MS medium for plantletformation. Transgenic plantlets were produced within10–14 weeks in the MSH system and 12–16 weeks in theB5h system. The MSH system appears to be the fastesttransformation system reported for leguminous speciesto date. Confirmation of transformation was obtainedusing a re-callusing assay on kanamycin and subsequentSouthern blot hybridisation and PCR analysis. Theability to induce expression of GUS activity in leafexplants containing the cell division cycle genepromoter:gusA constructs by 2,4-D treatment alsoproved to be a reliable indicator of transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006306909722
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 789-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; sorghum ; transformation ; transgenic plants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to genetically transform sorghum. Immature embryos of a public (P898012) and a commercial line (PHI391) of sorghum were used as the target explants. The Agrobacterium strain used was LBA4404 carrying a `Super-binary' vector with a bar gene as a selectable marker for herbicide resistance in the plant cells. A series of parameter tests was used to establish a baseline for conditions to be used in stable transformation experiments. A number of different transformation conditions were tested and a total of 131 stably transformed events were produced from 6175 embryos in these two sorghum lines. Statistical analysis showed that the source of the embryos had a very significant impact on transformation efficiency, with field-grown embryos producing a higher transformation frequency than greenhouse-grown embryos. Southern blot analysis of DNA from leaf tissues of T0 plants confirmed the integration of the T-DNA into the sorghum genome. Mendelian segregation in the T1 generation was confirmed by herbicide resistance screening. This is the first report of successful use of Agrobacterium for production of stably transformed sorghum plants. The Agrobacterium method we used yields a higher frequency of stable transformation that other methods reported previously.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026507517182
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of Sodium/Iodide Symporter (2000)
    Springer
    Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders 1 (2000), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2606
    Schlagwort(e): Na+/I- symporter ; expression ; promoter ; gene transfer ; radioiodide therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010083132071
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Occurrence and diversity of plasmids in populations of streptomycetes in soil (2000)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 78 (2000), S. 323-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; plasmids ; Streptomyces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Studies were made of naturally occurring plasmids hosted in Streptomyces strains isolated from two different terrestrial ecosystems: an agricultural field and a protected forest area. Six out of the 147 screened isolates contained plasmids. The strains containing these plasmids were all isolated from the agricultural soil. Plasmids were not found among the strains isolated from the forest area. Cross hybridization of the six newly isolated plasmids revealed very high similarities between four of them. However, no similarities were found between the six newly isolated plasmids and well studied streptomycete plasmids such as pIJ101 and SCP2*. The host strains of the four similar plasmids belonged to three different species S. anulatus, S. rochei and S. diastaticus. This implies a possible conjugative transfer of these plasmids within the streptomycete population in the agricultural area. The reason for the absence of streptomycete plasmids from the populations derived from the forest area is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010229215567
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A computational procedure for joining separate map sheets (2000)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 52 (2000), S. 253-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Schlagwort(e): map sheets ; GIS ; seamless spatial database ; transformation ; computational procedure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Map sheets have been often used as a basic spatial unit for managing spatial data produced from paper maps. This often results in incompatibility between adjacent map sheets, because spatial objects do not cross the boundaries smoothly and even the boundaries themselves do not match their neighbors exactly. To solve the problem this paper proposes a computational procedure for joining separate map sheets to obtain seamless spatial data. Line objects digitized separately in different map sheets are considered, which are frequently used to represent road networks, gas pipelines, and boundaries of polygon objects. The procedure consists of three steps: (1) extraction of end nodes, (2) detection of matching nodes, and (3) transformation of the map sheet. Each step goes interactively so that unexpected errors can be avoided by human observation. To test the validity of the procedure, map sheets are combined containing the road network data of Tokyo 23-ku area, Japan.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1014224325346
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The changing geography of morbidity and mortality in post-communist Poland (2000)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 50 (2000), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Schlagwort(e): disease ; health ; morbidity ; mortality ; pollution ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract In general, the health of Poles improved markedly in the thirty years after the Second World War, but there was some deterioration after 1989 before improvement resumed. Only in the case of cancer is there an upward trend and so Poles are now healthier than they have been at any time in the past. However there are sharp regional variations well exemplified by the incidence of tuberculosis, where there appears to be some correlation with poorer housing and atmospheric pollution. High death rates in Lodz (consistently the highest in the country at the voivodship level between 1989 and 1996), may also be linked with environmental pollution as well as the ageing of the population. Variations between town and country are small, but Poland shows up in a poor light when compared with other European countries. These are important issues for the administration and financing of the welfare services.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007127431508
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Socioeconomic transformation in rural Romania through the eyes of experts: Demographic and social issues (2000)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 50 (2000), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Schlagwort(e): demography ; experts ; rural ; Romania ; rural development ; social issues ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract There is no standard model of transformation for post- socialist countries and each country encounters specific problems rooted in the geographical characteristics of the areas concerned. The human resources are of the greatest importance because it really matters how people (especially the decision-makers) perceive system change and continually reformulate their expectations and strategies; so investigations into the views of people caught up in the transformation can provide a deeper understanding of the background to structural change. Working the national, regional level and local levels in Romania, experts were asked to consider the advantages and disadvantages arising out of the transformation, the most important problems and constraints for future rural development and the policies needed. The paper examines the responses on demographic and social issues. It emerges the most detailed responses were supplied by local-level representatives while respondents at the regional level steered a middle course between the need to address local problems and the prime importance of stimulating the Romanian economy so as to generate resources for welfare programmes (with the latter issue the overriding concern of interviewees at national level). There was general agreement on the importance of foreign investment and European integration for economic development, with local actors taking only small steps in line with the existing opportunities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007120608735
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of DNA/gold particle preparation technique, and particle bombardment device, on the transformation of barley (Hordeum vulgare) (2000)
    Springer
    Euphytica 111 (2000), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; transformation ; particle bombardment ; particle gun
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Immature embryos of the spring barley variety GoldenPromise, were bombarded with three different particledelivery systems and both transient and stabletransformation examined. In addition, a range oftechniques for the preparation of the DNA coated goldparticles was examined. Fertile transgenic barleyplants were obtained using three particle preparationtechniques which differed in the amount of gold andDNA used for each bombardment. However, only one ofthe particle delivery systems, the PDS 1000/He device,appeared to be effective in yielding transformedbarley plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003700300235
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhanced forskolin production in genetically transformed cultures of Coleus forskohlii by casein hydrolysate and studies on growth and organisation (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Schlagwort(e): casein hydrolysate ; Coleus forskohlii ; forskolin ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Casein hydrolysate at 2.0 g l−1 significantly enhanced forskolin content (2.3 mg g−1 cell dry wt) in a rhizogenic tumourous line, GCO-RCH-2 of Coleus forskohlii. In rooty teratoma line, RC-ST-2/4, forskolin content enhanced to 1.7 mg g−1 cell dry wt in presence of 2.5 g l−1 casein hydrolysate. Unlike untransformed calli and rhizogenic/root cultures, all the forskolin yielding transformed cultures of C. forskohlii have been maintained for over 5 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005618307074
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Two types of new algorithms for finding explicit analytical solutions of nonlinear differential equations (2000)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics and mechanics 21 (2000), S. 1423-1431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2754
    Schlagwort(e): nonlinear differential equations ; transformation ; algorithm ; analytical solution ; O175.29
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau , Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The idea of AC=BD was applied to solve the nonlinear differential equations. Suppose that Au=0 is a given equation to be solved and Dv=0 is an equation to be easily solved. If the transformation u=Cv is obtained so that v satisfies Dv=0, then the solutions for Au=0 can be found. In order to illustrate this approach, several examples about the transformation C are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02459221
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Liposomes Containing Interferon-Gamma as Adjuvant in Tumor Cell Vaccines (2000)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 17 (2000), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Schlagwort(e): liposomes ; cancer vaccines ; cytokines ; immunotherapy ; interferon gamma ; gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Purpose. Liposomal systems may be useful as a cytokine supplementin tumor cell vaccines by providing a cytokine reservoir at the antigenpresentation site. Here, we examined the effect of liposomeincorporation of mIFNγ on its potency as adjuvant in an established tumor cellvaccination protocol in the murine B16 melanoma model. Adjuvanticityof the mIFNγ-liposomes was compared to that achieved bymIFNγ-gene transfection of the B16 tumor cells. Furthermore, we studiedwhether liposomal incorporation of mIFNγ indeed increases theresidence time of the cytokine at the vaccination site. Methods. C57B1/6 mice were immunized with i) irradiated IFNγ-genetransfected B16 melanoma cells or ii) irradiated wild type B16 cellssupplemented with (liposomal) mIFNγ, followed by a challenge withviable B16 cells. The residence time of the (liposomal) cytokine at thesubcutaneous (s.c.) vaccination site was monitored using radiolabeledmIFNγ and liposomes. Results. Immunization with irradiated tumor cells admixed withliposomal mIFNγ generated comparable protection against B16 challenge asimmunization with mIFNγ-gene modified tumor cells. Irradiated tumorcells admixed with soluble mIFNγ did not generate any protectiveresponses. Radiolabeling studies indicated that free mIFNγ rapidlycleared from the s.c. injection site. Association of [125I]-mIFNγwith liposomes increased the local residence time substantially: liposomalassociation of mIFNγ resulted in a prolonged local residence time ofthe cytokine as reflected by a 4-fold increase of the area under thecurve. The amount of released cytokine in the optimal dose rangecorresponds to the amount released by the gene-transfected cells. Moderate but significant CTL-activity against B16 cells was found for miceimmunized with irradiated cells supplemented with mIFNγ-liposomescompared to untreated control animals. Conclusions. Prolonged presence of mIFNγ at the site of antigenpresentation is crucial for the generation of systemic immune responsesin the B16 melanoma model. These studies show that liposomalencapsulation of cytokines is an attractive strategy for paracrine cytokinedelivery in tumor vaccine development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007514424253
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metal resistance in Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil treated with industrial wastewater (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 16 (2000), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Conjugation ; metal resistance ; plasmid DNA ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Heavy metal concentrations in soil treated with industrial wastewater of Aligarh City (U.P.), India were determined. The analysis of test samples revealed high levels of Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. A total of 45 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from soil and were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. MICs of Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Zn2+ for each isolate were determined. Eighty percent of the strains isolated from soil harboured resistance to copper, whereas 73.3% of the isolates exhibited resistance to cadmium, 71.1% to chromium and zinc and 48.8% to mercury. A maximum MIC of 200 μg/ml for mercury and 1600 μg/ml for other metals was observed. Metal resistance was found to be plasmid mediated as evidenced by transformation studies. Further, the transmissible nature of chromium resistance was confirmed by conjugation. Agarose gel electrophoresis using the miniprep method for plasmid isolation revealed that these isolates harboured plasmids of molecular weights (45 & 47 kb) using EcoRI and HindIII digests of λDNA and undigested λDNA as standard markers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008905902282
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bringing “The Dead” to Life: Reading James Joyce (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied psychoanalytic studies 2 (2000), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3459
    Schlagwort(e): James Joyce ; “The Dead” ; fiction ; reading ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Psychologie
    Notizen: Abstract The author offers a personal reading of James Joyce's “The Dead.” She focuses on how the sounds of the language are used to portray the main character's deadness and his beginning to come to life once the barriers to inner self and self-knowledge are broken.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010193724350
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformation of batridene (2000)
    Springer
    Chemistry of natural compounds 36 (2000), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8388
    Schlagwort(e): 1,1′,6,6′,7,7′-hexahydroxy-3,3′-dimethyl-5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dinaphthylidene-8,8′-dibarbituric acid ; transformation ; DMSO
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Transformations of 1,1′,6,6′,7,7′-hexahydroxy-3,3′-dimethyl-5,5′-diisopropyl-2,2′-dinaphthylidene-8,8′-dibarbituric acid (batridene) in DMSO are studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02236415
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of murine adenosine deaminase (ADA) in transgenic maize (2000)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 9 (2000), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; selectable marker ; adenosine analogues ; transgenic maize ; adenosine deaminase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A murine adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene, driven by the maize ubi-1 promoter and intron region, was transformed into embryogenic maize callus, along with a bar and gusA gene-containing plasmid, using microparticle bombardment. Selection in the presence of either the herbicide Basta® or the adenosine analogue 2′-deoxyadenosine resulted in transgenic cultures that expressed GUS and accumulated a 41kD protein that immunoprecipated with an ADA-specific polyclonal antibody. ADA enzyme activity was observed in extracts from transgenic callus as well as regenerated plants and progeny. Cultures expressing ADA grew in the presence of 200mg/l 2′-deoxyadenosine, a concentration which completely inhibited the growth of non-transgenic cultures. ADA activity appeared to segregate in progeny of regenerated plants as a single, dominant Mendelian trait. These results suggest that ADA, in combination with adenosine analogue selection, represents a potentially viable selectable marker system for transgenic maize production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008972101370
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular communication and the control of growth: XI. Alteration of junctional permeability by thesrc gene in a revertant cell with normal cytoskeleton (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 82 (1984), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): cell-to-cell communication ; cell-to-cell channel ; cell junction ; communicating junction ; gap junction ; Rous sarcoma virus ; transformation ; cancer ; growth control ; tyrosine phosphorylation ; src gene ; protein kinase ; pp60src ; cytoskeleton
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary To learn whether the reduction of cell-to-cell communication in transformation is a possible primary effect of pp60src phosphorylation or secondary to a cytoskeletal alteration, we examined the junctional permeability in transformed cells with normal cytoskeleton. The permeability to fluorescentlabelled mono- and diglutamate was compared in clones of Faras' vole cells—clones transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and reverted from that transformation. One revertant clone (partial revertant), had the high levels of pp60src kinase activity and tumorigenicity of the fully transformed parent clone, but had lost the cytoskeletal alterations of that clone. Another revertant clone (full revertant) had lost the tumorigenicity and most of the pp60src kinase activity, in addition (J.F. Nawrocki et al., 1984,Mol. Cell Biol. 4:212). The junctional permeability of thepartial revertant with normal cytoskeleton was similar to that of the fully transformed parent clone with abnormal cytoskeleton. The permeabilities of both were lower than those of thefull revertant and the normal uninfected cell, demonstrating that the junctional change by thesrc gene is independent of the cytoskeletal one.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871630
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular communication and the control of growth: X. Alteration of junctional permeability by thesrc gene. A study with temperature-sensitive mutant Rous sarcoma virus (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 82 (1984), S. 191-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): cell junction ; cell-to-cell communication ; cell-to-cell channel ; gap junction ; Rous sarcoma virus ; transformation ; cancer ; growth control ; tyrosine phosphorylation ; src gene ; protein kinase ; pp60src
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary To study changes of junctional membrane permeability associated with transformation, the junctions and the nonjunctional membranes of quail embryo-, chick embryo- and mouse-3T3 cell cultures, infected with temperature-sensitive mutant Rous sarcoma virus, were probed with fluorescent-labelled glutamate. Junctional permeability fell in the transformed state. In the quail cells, the fall was detectable within 25 min of shifting the temperature down to the level (permissive) at which tyrosine-phosphorylation by the viralsrc gene product is expressed. This reduction of junctional permeability is one of the earliest manifestations of viral transformation. Normal permeability was restored within 30 min of raising the temperature to the nonpermissive level, a reversibility that could be displayed several times during the span of a cell generation. The reversal seems to reflect a reopening of cell-to-cell channels rather than a synthesis of new ones; it is not blocked by protein-synthesis inhibition. Treatments with cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitor or with forskolin, which stimulate serine and threonine phosphorylation—the type of phosphorylation on which normal junctional permeability depends (Wiener & Loewenstein, 1983,Nature 305∶433)—did not abolish, in general, the junctional effect of the virus;src tyrosine-phosphorylation apparently overrides the junctional upregulation mediated by cyclic AMP. Nonjunctional membrane permeability was not sensibly affected by the virus. It was affected, however, by temperature: lowering the temperature from the nonpermissive to the permissive level caused the nonjunctional permeability to fall, andvice versa. This change was unrelated to transformation. Its secondary effect on junctional transfer is in the opposite direction to that produced by the temperature-activated viral transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871629
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular communication and the control of growth: XII. Alteration of junctional permeability by simian virus 40. roles of the large and smallT antigens (1984)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 82 (1984), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): cell junction ; cell-to-cell communication ; cell-to-cell channel ; gap junction ; simian virus 40 ; DNA virus ; tumor antigens ; transformation ; cancer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary We studied the action of temperature-sensitive mutant simian virus 40—a transformation-inducing DNA virus—on the junctional permeability to mono-, di- and triglutamate in rat embryo-, pancreas islet (epithelia)-, and 10T1/2 cell cultures. Junctional permeability was reduced (reversibly) in the transformed state. To dissect the genetics of this alteration, we used two kinds of mutant virus DNA. One kind had a temperature-sensitive mutation on theA gene, rendering the largeT antigen (the gene product) thermolabile (T + ⇆T −). The other had a deletion on theF gene, in addition, abolishing (permanently) the expression of the littlet antigen (t −). The junctional alteration occurred in the conditionT + t +, but not in the conditionsT − t +,T + t − orT − t −. Both antigens, thus, are necessary for this junctional alteration—a genetic requirement identical to that for decontrol of growth (but distinct from that of the cytoskeletal alteration).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871631
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interspecific transfer of Brassica juncea-type high blackleg resistance to Brassica napus (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 295-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; rapeseed ; Brassica juncea ; Leptosphaeria maculans ; blackleg resistance ; interspecific cross ; gene transfer ; polygenic resistance ; seedling and adult resistance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Complete resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of blackleg of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), was transferred from B. juncea to B. napus through an interspecific cross. B. juncea-type complete resistance (JR) was recognized first in one F3 progeny (OnapJR) by the absence of leaf-lesions on seedlings and canker-free adult plants. The commercially important characters of B. napus were retained in advanced lines of OnapJR, which combined JR with low erucic acid levels (〈0.5%), high seed yield and variable maturity dates. JR appeared to be inherited as a major gene or genes. Segregation for resistance and susceptibility contintied to occur during later generations of selection of OnapJR. JR was readily transferred from OnapJR to other suitable B. napus cultivars or lines with partial resistance to blackleg and resulted in highly vigorous carly generation selections adapted to cold, wet situations along with complete resistance to blackleg.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021125
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Invasiveness of transformed bladder epithelial cells (1984)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 3 (1984), S. 265-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Schlagwort(e): bladder cells ; urothelial cell lines ; markers for invasiveness ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The invasiveness of bladder tumors has been studied in man, experimental animals, and in tissue culture by numerous authors. The prognostic importance of cellular markers for invasiveness is stressed, and the usefulness of histopathological and cytologic grading, cytogenetic studies, antigenic investigations, and enzymatic characterization is discussed. The invasiveness of bladder cells has frequently been examined in transplantation and explantation experiments. In human urothelial cell cultures three grades of transformation are defined, and a correlation has been established between the invasiveness of these cell lines in a three-dimensional in vitro model and their tumorigenicity in nude mice. The mechanism of tumor invasion is discussed, and it is recommended in future research to make a distinction between invasion en bloc and cellular infiltration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048389
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Presence of a plant cell wall is not required for transformation of Nicotiana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1984)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 3 (1984), S. 175-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; crown gall ; transformation ; lysopine dehydrogenase ; cell wall ; cell cycle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Agrobacterium has been used to transform zero to six-day-old cell wall nonregenerating (CWNR) and cell wall regenerating (CWR) leaf protoplasts of tobacco. Transformed cells were selected by phoytohormone autotrophic growth and were verified by detection of the presence of lysopine dehydrogenase. Transformation frequencies in CWNR protoplasts were at least as high as those in CWR protoplasts, indicating that a plant cell wall is not required for the process of crown gall tumorigenesis. Transformation frequencies were highest in two-day-old protoplasts. This age coincides with the onset of DNA synthesis and the first mitosis within the cell populations. We suggest that the initiation of cell cycle activity may be important for the transformation process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033739
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pigment cell differentiation in the fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis. I. Structural, chemical, and physical aspects of the adult pigment pattern (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Wild-collected adults of Bombina orientalis are bright green dorsally and red to red-orange ventrally. As a prelude to an analysis of the differentiation of pigment cells in developing B. orientalis, we describe structural and chemical aspects of the fully differentiated pigment pattern of the “normal” adult.Structurally, differences between dorsal green and ventral red skin are summarized as follows: (1) Dorsal green skin contains a “typical” dermal chromatophore unit comprised of melanophores, iridophores, and xanthophores. Red skin contains predominantly carotenoid-containing xanthophores (erythrophores), and skin from black spot areas contains only melanophores. (2) In ventral red skin, there is also a thin layer of deep-lying iridophores that presumably are not involved in the observed color pattern. (3) Xanthophores of red and green skin are morphologically distinguishable from each other. Dorsal skin xanthophores contain both pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles; ventral skin xanthophores contain only carotenoid vesicles. Carotenoid vesicles in dorsal xanthophores are much larger but less electron dense than comparable structures in ventral xanthophores.The presence of carotenes in ventral skin accounts for the bright red-orange color of the belly of this frog. Similar pigments are also present in green skin, but in smaller quantities and in conjunction with both colored (yellow) and colorless pteridines. From spectral data obtained for xanthophore pigments and structural data obtained from the size and arrangement of reflecting platelets in the iridophore layer, we attempt to explain the phenomenon of observed green color in B. orientalis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790303
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800101
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intercellular bridges in ovaries of the newborn gerbil (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: This study describes intercellular bridges in the ovaries of neonatal gerbils. Electron microscopy has revealed the presence of true intercellular bridges, connecting oogonia or oocytes, in ovaries of newborn gerbils. The cytoplasm of the intercellular channels is similar to that of the connected cells, with mitochondria, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes present. Lysosomes are also occasionally present in the intercellular bridges and they may be involved in early waves of oocyte atresia. An electrondense substance, 350-500 Å thick, is located immediately beneath the unit membrane of the intercellular bridges. Accumulation of electron-dense material increases the thickness of the walls of the intercellular bridges, supporting and maintaining the patency of the channels. It is suggested that the intercellular channels probably allow the interchange of nutrients, organelles, and possibly regulatory materials as well.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800105
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial fox squirrel, Sciurus nlger (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 55-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A comparative study of the forelimbs of the semifossorial prairie dog, Cynomys gunnisoni, and the scansorial tree squirrel, Sciurus niger, was focused on the musculoskeletal design for digging in the former and climbing in the latter. Based on lever arm mechanics, it was expected that the forelimb of the prairie dog would show features appropriate to the production of relatively large forces and that of the fox squirrel to relatively great velocity. Force and lever arm measurements were made of select forelimb muscles at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints for a series of angles in both species. Contraction time and fatigue indexes were determined for the same forelimb muscles. Contrary to expectation, in the few cases in which significant (P 〈 .05) differences were found, the forces, lever arms, and torques (force times its lever arm) were greater in the smaller fox squirrel. The observed variation in the torques produced fits the demands on the forelimb during climbing and digging as estimated from films. Several forelimb muscles of the fox squirrel show significantly higher mean contraction times than do the homologous muscles of the prairie dog. There were no significant differences between the two species in the fatigability of the selected forelimb muscles, although the mean fatigue index was always higher (less fatigable muscle) in the prairie dog. Similarities in the forelimbs of these two sciurids suggest that only minor modifications may have been required of the ancestral forelimb in order for descendent forms to operate successfully as climbers and diggers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800107
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The stomatogastric nervous system of the house cricket Acheta domesticus L. II. Iontophoretic study of neuron anatomy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 105-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The anatomy of neurons of the stomatogastric nervous system of Ascheta domesticus was studied using heavy metal iontophoresis through cut nerve ends followed by silver intensification. Nineteen categories of neuron are described and compared with neurons known from the stomatogastric nervous system of other insects. Possible functions for the neurons are suggested. Motor neuron candidates are suggested for all parts of the gut served by the stomatogastric nervous system, and axons of sensory neurons of the anterior pharynx are located. There are four neuron types that cannot readily be assigned motor, sensory, or interneuron functions: large dorsal cells of the frontal ganglion; the two neurons of the nervus connectivus, and two categories of neurons in the median neurosecretory cell group of the pars intercerebralis, the axons of which are contained in the stomatogastric nerves.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800203
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antennal receptors in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. I. The gigantic central projection of the pedicellar campaniform sensillum (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In the pedicellar segment of the fly antenna there is a large campaniform sensillum. The central projection of the sensory cell (LCC) of this large campaniform sensillum is described from labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and cobalt. The LCC projects bilaterally to several regions of the brain and subesophageal and thoracic ganglia. The LCC processes in these termination areas were analyzed in relation to other neural processes, including the remaining antennal sensory and motor projection. This analysis was aided by combining HRP labeling with Golgi silver impregnation. Based on earlier findings and the present data we suggest that the LCC, with its various outputs in, e.g., antennal and leg motor centers, serves as a multifunctional sensory path involved in control functions necessary in flight.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800206
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800301
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Alterations of endocrine pancreas B cells in a sahelian reptile (Varanus exanthematicus) during starvation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: During the long starvation period (November to June) of the lizard (Varanus exanthematicus), pancreatic B cells undergo profound modification. The degeneration of β granules observed in electron microscopy appears correlated with the diminution of the immunoreactive insulin-like content of the pancreas. The analogy between the phenomena observed here and those reported in animals treated with alloxan is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800302
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Structure, crystallography, and morphogenesis of the cryptic shell of the terrestrial slug Limax maximus (Mollusca, gastropoda) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The structure and crystallography of the internal shell of the pulmonate gastropod slug Limax maximus were studied at the levels of light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing patterns of shell ontogeny and morphogenesis. The calcified portion of the slightly convex ovoid shell is composed of a single palisade layer of calcitic crystals. Numerous projections, 100 μm in width at the dorsal tip, are found on the dorsal surface of the shell and coincide with local nucleation sites of primordial calcium salt deposition onto the periostracum. With continued calcification these projections coalesce ventrally, forming the single crystalline shell layer. The organic portion of the shell includes the periostracum and an extensive PAS-staining conchiolin. In EDTA-etched preparations, conchiolin appears as a spongy network of fibers throughout the shell. Both horizontal and vertical components of the conchiolin are present, the former of variable thickness and occurring in an intercrystalline manner, the latter always occurring normal to the horizontal set. Macromorphogenic growth is characterized by three distinct temporal stages. Primary growth occurs radially from the umbonal region. Secondary growth is synonymous with shell thickening. Tertiary growth is characterized by both a lateral component, in which the shell extends beyond the primary growth boundaries, and a ventral component, in which the shell continues to grow in thickness. SEM of the ventral shell surface reveals a pattern of growth at the crystalmatrix interface. Proteinaceous fibers of the conchiolin occur unidirectionally in horizontal rows. Zones of incipient calcitic crystallization onto these hypostracal fiber bundles are contrasted by zones of increasing crystallization until the fibrous template (reduced hypostracum) is completely covered by crystals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800304
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of a complex epithelial system: The pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 271-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Electron microscopy shows that the pharyngeal lining of the larval lamprey Petromyzon marinus is a structurally complex epithelial system that can be separated into eight epithelial types: gill lamellar, gill interlamellar, goblet cell, protective, terminal (taste) bud, preciliated, ciliated in tracts, and ciliated in grooves. Furthermore, these epithelial types encompass at least sixteen different cell types based on ultrastructure and, in some cases, correlative histochemistry (PAS, Alcian blue). Common to nearly all the epithelial types are basal cells and intermediate cells. These two cell types are seen as undifferentiated. Among mature cells, structural specialization as proceeded in three directions: (1) elaboration of mitochondria, probably related to molecular transport (ion-uptake cells, chloride cells); (2) ciliogenesis (preciliated and ciliated cell types); and (3) production of mucous secretory granules (mucous-platelet cells, goblet cells, superficial protective cells, columnar mucous cells, “cobblestone” cells, and marginal and dark cells in the terminal buds). Many of the functions of the cell types relate to the process of suspension feeding in this animal.
    Zusätzliches Material: 33 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800309
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a “parallel muscle combination” (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically.In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as “kinesiological monitors” generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800307
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histomorophological studies of the female reproductive system of Platynotus punctatipennis (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The internal reproductive apparatus of female Platynotus punctatipennis is composed of the paired ovaries, paired lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca associated with its accessory gland, and a bursa copulatrix. The accessory (colleterial) glands are absent. The ovary is made up of a large number of telotrophic ovarioles which are covered by a double-layered peritoneal sheath. The terminal filament is separated from the germarium by the basement membrane of the latter and consists of a syncytial core surrounded by the peritoneal sheath. Nutritive cords are absent. The pedicel shows highly eosinophilic and PAS-positive secretion of obscure origin. The spermatheca reveals a number of interesting features. It is composed of a pair of sperm-storing tubules, enclosed in a very thin muscle layer. A winecup-like structure, provided with a thick coat of circular muscles, connects the spermathecal gland with thespermathecal duct. Four types of intimal linings occur in the spermatheca and its associated structures. The wine-cup-like connection and four types of intima are entirely new features observed. Histology of the various parts of the reproductive apparatus is described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810102
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mesodermal organogenesis in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki (Lepidoptera, Micropterygidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 29-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The formation of somites, coelomic sacs, splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, circular system, gonads, and musculature in the embryo of the primitive moth, Neomicropteryx nipponensis Issiki, is described. The following paired somites are formed: the labral, antennal, intercalary, mandibular, maxillary, labial, three thoracic, and 11 abdominal. Small but distinct coelomic cavities appear in all these somites. Labral somites differentiate into the labral muscles, stomodaeal muscles, and dorsal dilator muscles of the pharynx. Antennal somites differentiate into the antennal muscles, aorta, and the ventral dilator muscles of the pharynx. Intercalary somites are short-lived, disintegrating to liberate many free cells into the yolk. The suboesophageal body is not formed. Mandibular somites differentiate into the mandibular flexor and extensor muscles. Maxillary and labial somites differentiate into the splanchnic mesoderm, fat bodies, and into muscles of the maxillolabial region. Three pairs of thoracic and ten pairs of abdominal somites split into the splanchric and somatic mesoderm. The 11th abdominal somites merge into the proctodaeal mesoderm, and differentiate into the musculature of the hindgut. The heart is formed by the fusion of the cardioblasts derived from the first thoracic to the tenth abdominal segment. The aorta arises from the antennal median mesoderm. Blood cells are derived from the median mesodermal cells of the maxillary to the tenth abdominal segment. Germ cells appear at the mediodorsal corner of each somite in the fifth abdominal segment. They become enclosed with a mesodermal sheath to form a pair of rudimentary gonads in this segment. Major muscles in the head, thorax, and abdomen of the fully grown embryo are described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 40 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810105
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810201
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Architectural and histochemical analysis of the semitendinousus muscle in mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The architectural and histochemical properties of the anatomically distinct compartments of the semitendinosus muscle (ST) of mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits show that the ST is composed of two separate compartments aligned in series - a destal compartment (STd) and a proximal one (STp). The STp is further subdivided into a ventral head (STpv) and a dorsal head (STpd). The muscle fibers were arranged in parallel to the line of muscle pull within each compartment. The STd has the longest and the STpv the shortest fibers in all species. The physiological cross-sectional area and the estimated tetanic tension was greatest in the STd. Based on the staining pattern for myosin ATPase (alkaline preincubation) and an oxidative indicator (NADH or SDH), the STpv has the highest percentage of slow-oxidative (SO) or SO plus fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers of any portion of the muscle. The differences in fiber-type distributions and architectural designs of the separate compartments suggest a specialization of function of the individual compartments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810204
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and ultrastructure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 97-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The three-dimensional structure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus and the relationship between its sensory cells and concretion are described using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, with chemical treatment for cell lysis, calcium chelation, glycogen staining, and lanthanum labelling. The organ is encapsulated and has three units called fuselli. Each is enclosed by two fusellar cells which generate and release calcium granule strands into the cores of the fusellar concretions, which are united in the center of the organ. The surface of each fusellus is traversed by spiral dendrites entering dorsally and ending ventrally. The spiral dendrites arise from sensory neurons contained in a palm-shaped ganglion in the center of the capsule, beyond which they are twisted like a rope before reaching the concretion. The spiral dendrites are linked in pairs by gap and tight junctions and each gives origin to two pairs of 9+0 sensory cilia 30 μm apart. The ciliary distal segments give rise to long tubules which are in contact with the calcium granule strands. The ciliary proximal segments are expanded by many long mitochondria which interdigitate with the branched striated ciliary rootlets. The concretion is suspended in the capsule cavity by axons originating from four neurons of a remote mechanoreceptor. The structure of the organ suggests that it is a sensory organ involved in the reception and integration of a variety of stimuli.
    Zusätzliches Material: 86 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810109
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopic study of the innervation of the renal tubules and urinary bladder epithelium in Rana catesbeiana and Necturus maculosus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 143-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The fine structure of the kidney and the bladder of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), the bullfrog tadpole, and the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) were studied with special attention to the innervation of renal tubule cells and bladder epithelial cells. In the bullfrog kidney, nerve terminals and varicosities were frequently associated with the tubule cells, apparently in an increasing order from the proximal tubule to the connecting tubule. Although these terminals and varicosities did not directly contact the tubular cell membrane, an aggregation of synaptic vesicles on the side facing the tubule was considered as morphological evidence that neurotransmitter can be released here and can affect the transport activity of the tubule cells. The association of nerve varicosities with canaliculi cells in the connecting tubule was also demonstrated. In the bullfrog tadpoles, renal tubule cells were occasionally innervated. In the mudpuppy, renal tubule cells were only poorly innervated. The epithelium of the bullfrog bladder was commonly innervated. Nerve terminals with synaptic vesicles were located very near basal cells and even contacted them directly on rare occasions. In the mudpuppy, the innervation of the bladder epithelium was observed infrequently. The bullfrog tadpoles did not possess an apparent bladder. In all materials studied, renal arterioles and bladder smooth muscle cells were innervated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810203
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810301
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790101
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Perinuclear microtubules in postnatal rat heart (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984), S. 13-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cytoplasmic microtubules can be divided into two subpopulations: (1) those adjacent to the nucleus (perinuclear), and (2) those distributed between the myofilament bundles (nonperinuclear). Previous observations (Cartwright and Goldstein, '83) indicate total cytoplasmic microtubule numeric density increases to a maximum at 5-9 days and decreases to the steady value of the adult muscle. We have examined the numeric density (mean numbers of microtubule profiles per μm2 cross-sectional area) of the perinuclear subpopulation and compared it to the numeric density of the total cytoplasmic microtubule population in postnatally developing rat papillary muscle ages 1, 3, 5, 9, 21, and 42 days, and adult. The perinuclear region was defined as the area around the nucleus which extends to the 0.273 μm from the nuclear envelope. The density of perinuclear microtubules did not change with postnatal development. Our study suggests that perinuclear microtubules are a separate and relatively stable subpopulation of the total population of cytoplasmic microtubules and may serve a function different from that of the more variable nonperinuclear microtubules.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790103
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structure of antennal mechanosensilla of adult Rhodnius prolixus stål (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Each antenna of both sexes of adult Rhodnius prolixus has approximately 570 mechanosensitive neurons that innervate five morphologic types of cuticular mechanosensilla: campaniform sensilla, tapered hairs, trichobothria, and type I and type II bristle sensilla. Each campaniform sensillum and tapered hair is presumably innervated by one mechanosensitive bipolar neuron and probably functions in proprioception. The campaniform sensilla being located at the base of the scape could monitor the position of the antenna. Tapered hairs are found at the distal margin of flagellar segment I and projecting laterally from the bases of the pedicel and scape. They probably provide information about the relative positions of the antennal segments. Seven trichobothrium are located on the pedicel and three on flagellar segment I. Each trichobothrium has a long filamentous hair inserted into the base of a socket that extends inwardly as a cuticular tube and is innervated by one bipolar neuron with a tublar body, a parallel arrangement of microtubules associated with electron-dense material. The trichobothria may respond to small variations in air currents.Type I bristles occur at the base of the antenna and are the most numerous type of mechanosensillum; an average of 452 occur on each antenna of females and 440 on males. The bristle is curved toward the antennal shaft and is serrated distally. Type II bristles are located distally and are the second most numerous type of mechanosensillum; an average of 88 were counted on each antenna of females and 94 on males. The type II bristle is straight with small, longitudinal, external grooves and projects laterally from the antennal shaft. Each type I and II bristle sensillum is innervated by a bipolar neuron whose dendrite is divided into an inner and outer segment. The outer segment is encased by a dendritic sheath which may be highly convoluted and distally contains a tubular body. Two sheath cells are associated with each sensillum. Both types of bristle sensilla have a tactile function.The tubular bodies of both types of bristle sensilla have a complex structure indicating that they are very sensitive. Variations in the amount and arrangement of the electron-dense material at the tip of the tubular bodies may reflect differences in viscoelastic properties that underlie functional characteristics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800104
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of the neuromuscular system of the polyp of Aurelia aurita L., 1758 (Cnidaria, scyphozoa) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Fine structural study indicates that the neuromuscular system of stage I polyps of Aurelia aurita is exclusively ectodermal.The three major muscle fields are the radial muscles of the oral disc, the longitudinal muscles of the tentacles, and the muscle cords of the septae and the column; the muscle fields are in physical continuity at the peristomial pits and share a common innervation and type of myofibril. The myofibril is striated in the tentacle base, in the outer oral disc, and in the upper part of the muscle cord; it grades into a smooth muscle toward the tentacle tip, the mouth, and the lower part of the cord. There is a fourth field of longitudinal smooth muscle in the pharynx.The nervous system consists of an epithelial sensory cell in the tentacle and a single type of neuron found in the subepithelial layer of the tentacle, oral disc, and muscle cord. The lack of gap junctions suggests that there is no nonnervous conduction system. The subepithelial layer also contains three types of fibers and a type of soma which cannot be characterized as neuronal. The soma is identified as the “neurosecretory cell” described in Chrysaora. The absence of neuromuscular elements in the column and stolon distinguishes the Aurelia aurita collected from Washington, USA, from English polyps previously described.
    Zusätzliches Material: 28 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800108
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanics of blood-feeding in black flies (Diptera, simuliidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 125-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The structure and interrelationships of the mouthparts and of the food canal and its accessory cephalic structures of the females of Simulium venustum are described through microscopic observations. The mouthparts that enter the would during feeding are the mandibles, maxillary laciniae, hypopharynx, and labrum and collectively form a “syntrophium.” The labium and labellar lobes, which do not enter the wound, ensheathe the syntrophium distally and must be retracted to allow biting.We present an interpretation of mouthpart function during biting that emphasizes how biting steps are accomplished and what sensory structures are used to monitor the process. Four phases of biting are identified: (1) initial penetration of the skin effected by the mandibles; (2) consolidation of mouthpart position involving anchoring the syntrophium into the wound by means of the barbed laciniae; (3) diet sampling and active feeding - food (blood) is pumped by three groups of muscles forming two functional pumps, one located in the cibarium, the other in the pharynx. These pumps are separated from each other and from surrounding regions of the food canal by valve muscles making the pumping process a complex and highly coordinated series of muscular contractions; and (4) mouthpart disengagement involving removal of the laciniae, thus releasing the syntrophium from the wound.
    Zusätzliches Material: 30 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800204
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The external morphology of contact-chemoreceptive hairs of flies and the motility of the tips of these hairs (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 37-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The external morphology of contact-chemoreceptive hairs (taste hairs) of six fly species, Calliphora vicina, Lucilia caesar, Musca domestica, Phormia terranovae, Sarcophaga carnaria and Stomoxys calcitrans, is described. The species can be distinguished by the differences between the patterns of taste hairs at the ventral side of their prothoracic tarsi. Taste hairs can be subdivided into morphological types, using the shape of the cuticle around the apical pore as criterion, even though this shape changes slightly on opening and closing of the pore. Light microscopical studies reveal that the nature and osmolarity of stimuli are decisive for the effect stimuli have on the shape of the top of the labellar hairs. The motions of the apical cuticle appear to be reversible.Gentle ultrasonic treatment preserves the shape of the cuticle of the top and the diameter of the pores on fluid stimulation. This technique makes it possible to study the effect of a previous stimulation on both tarsal and labellar hairs with the scanning electron microscope. It is supposed that stimuli can affect cuticular components around the pore, producing volume changes in that cuticle which alter the diameter of the pore.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800106
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800201
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sexually dimorphic muscles in the forelimb of the Japanese toad, Bufo japonicus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 180 (1984), S. 297-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: During the breeding season, male anurans display clasping behavior by holding females with their forelimbs. This behavior is peculiar to males, and may require specializations in forelimb musculature. The present study revealed that five kinds of forelimb muscles were heavier in the male Japanese toad than in the female: the flexor carpi radialis (FCR), the flexor antibrachii medialis caput superius (FAMsup), the abductor indicis longus (AIL), the extensor carpi radialis caput superius (ECRsup), and the flexor antibrachii lateralis superficialis caput superius (FALSsup). In addition, one breast muscle, the coracoradialis (CR), was also heavier in males than in females. A quantitative analysis of muscle fibers processed for myosin ATPase activity showed that, in such “sexually dimorphic muscles” of the female, both fast (twitch) and slow (tonic) muscle fibers were of smaller diameter than in other forelimb muscles of both sexes (all male muscles plus “nondimorphic muscles” of the female). Moreover, both types of fibers were less numerous than in the corresponding muscles of the male. These results suggest that the “sexually dimorphic muscles” are used especially for clasping by the male and are degenerative or subnormal in the female. Slow muscle fibers were neither peculiar to, nor abundant in, these clasping muscles, although they may well be necessary for tonic and prolonged contractions of the forelimb muscles during clasping. The mechanism of sexual dimorphism may be a direct action of androgens on clasping muscles or an indirect action on clasping muscles via the innervating motoneurons.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051800310
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of shell formation in eggs of the turtle Kinosternon flavescens (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Shells from eggs of the turtle Kinosternon flavescens were examined during different stages of development with light and scanning electron microscopy. Prior to initiation of the calcareous layer, organic spheres or cores appear on the outer surface of the shell membrane. Presumably, these cores nucleate deposition of the mineral layer of the eggshell. Growing shell units of the mineral layer are rounded and nodular in shape, crystallites of adjacent shell units do not interlock, and numerous spaces occur between shell units. As growth continues, most of the spaces between shell units are obliterated, and shell units become more elongate in form. The calcareous layer of partially shelled eggs resembles the calcareous layer of flexible-shelled eggs of emydids and chelydrids. Eggshells assume the morphology typical of rigidshelled chelonian eggs only at an advanced stage of shell formation. These observations indicate that rigid and flexible eggshells may form by fundamentally similar mechanisms, with length of shell growth being the primary determinant of whether shells are flexible or rigid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810104
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The morphology of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom gland and reservoir (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Hymenopteran venom glands are epidermal glands that have evolved from female accessory reproductive glands. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., the venom gland shows many of the fine structural features of primitive glands. A honey bee venom gland is a simple, long, thin, distally bifurcated structure, opening into an ovoid reservoir. Along most of the length of the gland are similar secretory units that have four major components (secretory cells, duct cells, ducts, and end apparatuses), except in the part of the gland proximal to the venom reservoir, where the secretory units resemble those around the venom reservoir. In the latter secretory units a funnel structure occurs between the duct (which is shorter than that of the secretory units of the gland) and the end apparatus. This funnel may be important in protecting the secretory cells around the reservoir from the cytolytic activity of the complex chemical mixture constituting the venom.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810107
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The feeding apparatus of the salamander Amphiuma tridactylum: Morphology and behavior (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 175-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Anatomical studies of cephalic bones and muscles combined with cine and high-speed videographic analyses of feeding demonstrate that Amphiuma tridactylum uses two distinct types of suction feeding. Small or relatively immobile prey generally elicit a stationary capture mode in which mouth opening precedes buccal expansion and there is no forward movement of the head of the salamander. Actively moving prey are captured by a rapid strike during which mouth opening and buccal expansion are synchronous and the extent of buccal expansion is greater than in stationary feeding. Differences between these feeding modes may be due to differences in the timing of contraction of the rectus cervicis muscle. Synchronous hyoid and mandibular excursions during the strike are probably generated by simultaneous contractions of the depressor mandibulae and rectus cervicis, whereas delay of hyoid excursions during stationary capture suggests sequential contraction of the depressor and rectus cervicis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 20 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810206
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The nervous system of the tube-worm Chaetopterus variopedatus (Polychaeta) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Silver impregnation of serial histological sections of the tubeworm Chaetopterus variopedatus revealed the presence of a subepidermal nervous system. The anterior nervous system is delimited by the first 11 segments and comprises (1) two dorsolateral cerebral ganglia and lateral instead of ventral nerve cords which are widely separated and thus connected by unusually long commissures, (2) a pharyngeal ganglion in the fourth segment which is connected to the cerebral ganglia by pharyngeal nerves and constitutes along with the pharyngeal plexus a stomatogastric or enteric nervous system, and (3) small, presumably segmental ganglionic swellings along the lateral nerve cords from which emerge commissures and parapodial nerves. No subesophageal ganglion or periesophageal connective could be identified. The lateral nerve cords converge toward the midline in the 12th segment to form the posterior nervous system comprising a pair of ventromedian nerve cords with their repetitive segmental ganglia from which emerge numerous short commissures and three segmental nerves coursing toward the dorsal and ventral regions of parapods and toward the neuropod. Light and electron microscopic investigations of cerebral and segmental ganglia showed an arrangement of inner neuropile and of unipolar neuron somata at the periphery. The neuropile comprises numerous neurites ranging in diameter from 0.5 to 10 μm and making polarized or symmetrical synaptic junctions with each other. The pharyngeal ganglion consists of a similar neuropile and of a large mass of cell bodies which is traversed by an elaborate network of sinuses and harbors three types of neurosecretory cells in addition to the conventional neuron somata. These findings are interpreted in the framework of the highly specialized morphological features and habits of Chaetopterus, and the welldeveloped stomatogastric system is considered to be related to control of the feeding activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810205
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allogeneic recognition in sponges: Development, structure, and nature of the nonmerging front in Ephydatia fluviatilis (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Whenever individuals of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis belonging to different strains come into contact, they reject each other by building a nonmerging front. The present work describes the development, the structure, and the nature of the barrier secreted between two individuals. The observations reported give unequivocal data about the collagen nature of the incompatibility barrier. First, ultrastructural investigations reveal the presence of fibrils and microfibrils which are, respectively, typical of collagen and spongin. Second, incorporation of tritiated proline, a characteristic precursor of collagen and related products, is particularly intense in the front. The involvement of several cell types in the barrier formation is discussed. The allogeneic incompatibility reaction between E. fluviatilis individuals appears very close to the process of allograft chronic rejection that we formerly described for some marine sponges. Both phenomena are basically analogous to the process which fixes to and isolates the sponges from their substrate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810304
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Motor units of the primary ankle extensor muscles of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana): Functional properties and fiber types (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 305-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Motor units of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and the single lateral gastrocnemius/soleus (LG/S) muscles of the opssum (Didelphis virginiana) were found to have uniformly slow contraction times relative to homologous muscles of the cat. Though a broad range of peak tetanic tensions was found among motor units from both muscles, most of the motor units were quite large relative to tension of the whole muscle. Comparison of the relative sizes of motor units showed that those of LG/S are significantly larger and slower than the units of MG. This suggests that the motor units of the two muscles may be differentially recurited during different behaviors.All of the MG and LG/S motor units were highly or moderately resistant to fatigue. Histochemical staining for NADH-diaphorase activity indicated consistently high levels of the enzyme in all of the fibers of both muscles. Apparently, all of the fast motor units consist of fast oxidative/glycolytic (FOG)-type muscle fibers. Our data provide functional evidence that the types of myofibrillar ATPase demonstrated by Brooke and Kaiser ('70), are not necessarily correlated to physiological classification of fiber types as slow oxidative (SO), fast oxidative/glycolytic (FOG), and fast glycolytic (FG) (Peter et al., '72).Perhaps compartmentalization of muscle fiber types may be a first step in the separation of muscles into multiple heads during the evolution of specialization to diverse locomotor habits among the mammals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810305
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of the sensory epithelia of oral tube, fungiform sensory bodies, and terminal knobs of tentacles of Ovatella myosotis Draparnaud (Archaeopulmonata, Gastropoda) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 333-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Sensory epithelia of the oral tube, a fungiform body anterior to the tentacles and of the terminal knob of tentacles, were studied in Ovatella myosotis by electron microscopy. All three epithelia consist of columnar support cells, sensory cells, and, except in the oral tube, numerous goblet cells. The epithelia differ significantly in their apical differentiations. In the oral tube an outer layer is formed by irregularly bent villi of support cells completely embedded in a surface coat. Cilia and cytofila of the dendrites of sensory cells intertwine throughout the entire depth of the villous layer. In the fungiform sensory body some of the villi of support cells are singly branched. Their basal region is free of a surface coat. In this region cytofila and cilia of dendrites form a spongy layer, some cytofila extending into the surface coat. In the tentacular terminal knob the villi of the support cells branch dichotomously once or twice, a single villus thus ending with 2-4 tips. Only these terminal twigs are invested with the surface coat. The cytofila and dendritic cilia are confined to a broad spongy layer underneath. Three types of dendrites are present. They differ in their number of cilia, structure of basal bodies and occurrence in the three epithelia. Dendritic cytofila are most abundant in the tentacular terminal knob and least numerous in the oral tube. The observations are discussed with respect to corresponding epithelia in other pulmonates, the homology of the fungiform body, and possible functional correlates of structural features.
    Zusätzliches Material: 28 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810307
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histological and enzymatic studies on the renal tubules of some marine elasmobranchs (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Renal tubules in the dog shark, leopard shark, and red skate were examined histologically and analyzed histochemically for enzymes. Cells of the distal and collecting tubules exhibit extensive interdigitations and large intercellular spaces, suggesting that these tubules are sites of sodium reabsorption. Although Na-K-ATPase is very scarce to nonexistent in the distal and collecting tubules, very intense carbonic anhydrase activity in these segments indicates that they secrete large amounts of hyrogen ion and reabsorb sodium by H+/Na+ exchange process. Epithelial cells of the necks are not interdigitated, tightly join adjacent cells, and have low enzyme activities. They seem to be passively permeable to the water. Necks are attached to the distal tubules with scant intervening stroma. It seems likely that the stroma has a high osmotic pressure resulting from absorption of solutes in the distal tubules. Water may be reabsorbed from necks to stroma because of a concentration gradient of the solutes distributed between these sites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820104
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of the intestine of prefeeding and feeding adult Lampreys, Petromyzon marinus L.: The mucosa of the diverticulum, anterior intestine, and transition zone (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 39-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Light and electron microscopy were used to examine the morphology of the mucosa of the diverticulum, anterior intestine, and transition zone in prefeeding and spontaneously feeding adult lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.). Absorptive (either types A or B), ciliated, and enteroendocrine cells are present in all regions but the diverticulum and anterior intestine also possess zymogen (secretory) cells. Type A absorptive cells are restricted to the diverticulum and the rostral one-third of the anterior intestine and are characterized by abundant mitochondria and an extensive smooth tubular network. Type B absorptive cells, in the remainder of the anterior intestine and the transition zone, possess small numbers of these organelles but in the transition zone also have inclusion bodies. During feeding, abundant lipid droplets and lipoprotein (VLDL) accumulate in the cytoplasm of both types of absorptive cells and in the lateral intercellular and the perivascular spaces. Lipid is present to a limited extent in ciliated cells and is encountered only rarely in enteroendocrine and zymogen cells. Although the animals are obligate sanguivores, there is little evidence of iron within these mucosal cells. It is suggested that intestinal efficiency displayed by this animal is due in part to ion transport in osmoregulation in type A cells, lipid absorption in types A and B cells, and digestion through enzymes in zymogen cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 31 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820103
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    External and internal sexual dimorphism in leiognathid fishes: Morphological evidence for sex-specific bioluminescent signaling (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Fourteen species of leiognathid fishes (Perciformes, Leiognathidae) from the Philippine Islands, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia, and Palau were examined for accessory secondary sexual dimorphism. Thirteen species exhibit either external dimorphism (a clear patch of skin on the flanks of males, a large clear patch of skin on the opercular margins of males, or a flank stripe in males) or internal dimorphism (large light organs in males) or both. Eight of the 14 species (and possibly as many as 11) exhibit both forms of sexual dimorphism. Two species show only internal light organ volume dimorphism, and one species shows neither external nor internal dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism is thus very common in leiognathids. The externally dimorphic skin patches are closely associated with the internally dimorphic light organ system in seven species (and possibly as many as ten), indicating a potential for light emission through the clear patches. A bioluminescent signaling function by males is therefore suggested for the sexual dimorphism in leiognathids, which may play an important role in the schooling behavior as well as in species and sexual recognition of these coastal fishes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820105
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oral structures and their development in egg-brooding hylid frog embryos and larvae: Evolutionary and ecological implications (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 1-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Among egg-brooding hylid frogs there is much interspecific variation in the degree of development of the young at hatching. In certain species of Gastrotheca the eggs hatch into free-living tadpoles, whereas in others (and in the genera Amphignathodon, Cryptobatrachus, Stefania and Hemiphractus) the eggs hatch directly into frogs. We examined the oral anatomy of tadpoles and embryos of 22 species of egg-brooding hylids in order to determine the morphological differences between free-living larvae and embryos of species having direct development. All free-living Gastrotheca larvae are morphologically similar and have a large array of oral structures directly associated with a suspension feeding way of life. Among those egg-brooding hylids without free-living larvae there is a complete gradation from those with all of the free-living tadpole oral structures to those with none. Different lineages retain different vestiges of free-living larval morphology, suggesting that direct development has evolved multiple times among these frogs. All of the morphological patterns in the direct-developing embryos can be accounted for by simple truncation or acceleration of the normal tadpole developmental program. We explore the possibility that certain Gastrotheca species with tadpoles may have evolved from species that lack larval stages. The development of oral structures in egg-brooding hylids provides insight into the phylogenetic significance of these charactes in other groups of anurans. Most significantly they reinforce the idea that microhylids evolved from ranoidlike ancestors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 31 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820102
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820201
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical study of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the eyestalks of the prawn Palaemon serratus (Pennant) and some other Palaemonidae, in relation to variations in the blood glucose level (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: With the use of rabbit antisera against crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), it is possible to describe a distinct immunopositive reaction in a group of neurosecretory cells in the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ2 (MTGX2), in the MTGX-sinus gland tract, and in a considerable part of the sinus gland from several species of prawns belonging to the Palaemonidae. By introductory studies on the CHH system in Palaemon serratus, we can postulate a sequence in the activity cycle of the CHH-producing cells on the basis of differences in staining intensity of the immunoreaction and such morphometric parameters as cellular and nuclear diameter. By studying the CHH-producing system in combination with variations in the glucose level of the blood, an “inverse relationship” is observed between the number of immunoreactive cells and the blood glucose level during different periods of the year as well as during different stages of the molting cycle. A “shift in phase” of this correlation during the diurnal cycle suggests that several rhythmical phenomena may play a role in the regulation of glycemia in Crustacea.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820106
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antennal receptors in the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala: II. Fine structure of the large pedicellar campaniform sensillum (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A large mechanosensory campaniform sensillum (LCS) is found close to the flagellum/pedicellus joint in the antennae of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala. The LCS possesses a single sensory cell, enveloping cells and a cuticular stimulus-conducting structure. The distal part of the sensory process is developed as a tubular body and is connected to the two parts of the stimulusconducting apparatus. The sensory cell is characterized by the complete absence of ciliary structures in the transition zone between dendrite and sensory process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820108
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A three-dimensional muscle model: A quantified relation between form and function of skeletal muscles (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 95-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A three-dimensional muscle model with complex geometry is described and tested against experimental data. Using this model, several muscles were constructed. These muscles have equal optimum length but differ in architecture. The force exerted by the constructed muscles, in relation to their actual length and velocity of shortening, is discussed. Generally speaking, the constructed muscles with considerable pennation have great fiber angles, a great physiological cross section, a narrow active and steep passive length-force relation, and a low maximal velocity of shortening. The maximal power (force times velocity) delivered by the constructed muscles is shown to be almost independent of the architecture of the muscles. The steepness of the passive length-force relation is determined mainly by the shortest fibers within the group of constructed muscles, wheras maximal velocity of shortening and the width of the active length-force relation are determined mainly by the longest fibers.The validity of the three-dimensional muscle model with respect to some morphological and functional characteristics is tested. Length-force relations of constructed muscles are compared with the actual length-force relations of mm. gastrocnemii mediales and mm. semimembranosi of male Wistar rats. Moreover, actual fiber angle, fiber length, and muscle thickness of three mm. gastrocnemii mediales are compared with values found for constructed muscles. It is concluded that the three-dimensional muscle model closely approximates the actual muscle form and function.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820107
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Primary projections of the trigeminal nerve in two species of sturgeon: Acipenser oxyrhynchus and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Horseradish peroxidase histochemical studies of afferent and efferent projections of the trigeminal nerve in two species of chondrostean fishes revealed medial, descending and ascending projections. Entering fibers of the trigeminal sensory root project medially to terminate in the medial trigeminal nucleus, located along the medial wall of the rostral medulla. Other entering sensory fibers turn caudally within the medulla, forming the trigeminal spinal tract, and terminate within the descending trigeminal nucleus. The descending trigeminal nucleus consists of dorsal (DTNd) and ventral (DTNv) components. Fibers of the trigeminal spinal tract descend through the lateral alar medulla and into the dorsolateral cervical spinal cord. Fibers exit the spinal tract throughout its length, projecting to the ventral descending trigeminal nucleus (DTNv) in the medulla and to the funicular nucleus at the obex. Retrograde transport of HRP through sensory root fibers also revealed an ascending bundle of fibers that constitutes the neurites of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, cell bodies of which are located in the rostral optic tectum. Retrograde transport of HRP through motor root fibers labeled ipsilateral cells of the trigeminal motor nucleus, located in the rostral branchiomeric motor column.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820202
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The nervous system in the hypostome of Pelmatohydra robusta: The presence of a circumhypostomal nerve ring in the epidermis (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 153-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Two types of nerve cells, sensory and ganglion cells, were identified in the epidermis of the hypostome of Pelmatohydra robusta by light and electron microscopy. In the study of distribution of these cells, the presence of a circumhypostomal nerve ring in the epidermis was revealed, although hydras have been considered to possess only a diffuse nervous system or socalled nerve net. The nerve ring, which encircled the hypostome, was constituted by several clusters of ganglion cells, thick bundles of many neurites connecting these clusters, and a small number of individual ganglion cells located along the bundles. In the nerve ring, some of the lamellae protruding from the ganglion cells were frequently myelinated and wrapped the cell bodies of neighboring ganglion cells, and other lamellae were arranged in concentric circles.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820204
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of the intestine of prefeeding and feeding adult lampreys, Petromyzon marinus (L): The mucosa of the posterior intestine and hindgut (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The epithelium of the posterior intestine and hindgut of recently metamorphosed adult lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) prior to and during spontaneous feeding was examined using light and electron microscopy. These two regions differ slightly in their general morphology but possess the same mucosal cell types. Included are caveolated absorptive and mucous cells, which are not present in more cephalic regions of the intestine, and ciliated and enteroendocrine cells. During feeding, the caveolated cells undergo dramatic transformation in their structure, namely, through the acquisition of numerous heterophagic vacuoles. Due to their morphology and to the fact that there are low amounts of lipid, it is suspected that caveolated cells are primarily involved in the absorption of protein components from the ingested host blood and body fluids. Iron in caveolated cells may result from the degradation of ingested heme or reflect the excretion of bile products at this location in the intestine. Mucous cells are likely responsible for lubrication of the luminal surface and may be important as a stem cell for the mucosal epithelium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820203
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An electron microscopic study on the type I pneumocyte in the cat: Postnatal morphogenesis (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: This investigation describes the morphogenesis of the type I pneumocyte from the neonatal stage to the age of 3 months. Cells lining subpleural air spaces were photographed from electron microscopic serial sections and a three-dimensional representation of each cell was obtained by transferring the contours of the cell membranes from micrographs to transparent plastic sheets which were then spaced to scale and stacked. The portion of the reconstructed cell surface taking part in the formation of the blood-airbarrier increased extensively in postnatal stages when compared with reconstructed cells of prenatal stages. Reconstructed cell-surface irregularities decrease during distension. A cytoplasmic plate seen in the last stage studied may represent a forming alveolar pore.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820205
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Models of tongue movement in the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 179-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Three hypothetical models of tongue movement of the walrus during suction feeding are examined. These models encompass the entire range of simple tongue retraction movements possible by examining 1) movement of the tongue directly to the rear following the curvature of the palate, 2) to the rear and ventrally in a straight line, and 3) ventrally in a straight line. The percent of muscular force available from the hyoglossus, genioglossus, and styloglossus that could be applied toward retraction as predicted by each model is calculated. The resistance that the tongue would provide during retraction is calculated using projected tongue areas and is combined with the above data from the muscles to provide an estimate of the percent of the total available force that is needed to retract the tongue for each model. A separate examination of the direction of tongue-induced wear striations on the palatal and lingual aspects of the teeth is used to help support or reject the three models.The model where the tongue is moved directly to the rear is supported by studies of both muscle force and tooth wear. In the mammalian groups that were compared to the walrus, there is a great deal of interspecific variation in movements of the tongue during suction feeding; no two groups can be considered to have identical stereotyped tongue movements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820206
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Displaced horizontal cells in the chick retina (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The retina of the chick contains retinal cells of a morphology very similar to that of the horizontal cells, but the perikarya, axons, and axon terminals lie in the inner plexiform layer. The discovery of this neuronal ectopia appears to support the idea that some horizontal and amacrine cells derive from a common, freely migrating cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820208
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820301
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cranial and cervical osteology of the european oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus L. (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 227-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cranial and cervical osteology of the European oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus L. is completely described from both whole skeletons and spirit specimens. Contrary to previous reports, the postorbital ligament shows variability in bifurcation and attachment, with the posterior branch, where present, attaching either to the suprameatic process or the zygomatic process. In addition, the quadrate ligament, which had been described as originating from the suprameatic process, appears instead to attach to the zygomatic process in some specimens. The caudal mandibular fenestra, earlier considered absent in oystercatchers, is present in all specimens examined. The cranium is additionally distinguished by a number of features which may be unique to oystercatchers. A fourth, previously unrecorded, division of the maxillopalatine strut is present, while the palatine process of the premaxilla is reduced to a thickening along the edge of the premaxillary process of the palatine. The distinctiveness of the oystercatcher cranium is particularly evident in the area of the quadratomandibular articulation, which possesses features potentially important for stabilizing the joint. A deep retroarticular notch is present, guiding a large medial jugomandibular ligament along the posterior margin of the articulation. A lateral mandibular tuberosity, which is received dorsally by an emargination of the jugal arch and quadrate, may act as an osteological brace, preventing posterior shifting of the closed mandible. The 15 cervical vertebrae are divided on the basis of structural criteria into three sections.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820209
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanisms of hind foot reversal in climbing mammals (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 197-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Many climbing mammals are able to reverse normal hind foot posture to effect the grip necessary to descend headfirst or to hang upside down. Such hind foot reversal is known in sciurids, procyonids, felids, viverrids, tupaiids, prosimians, and marsupials. The joint movements involved, however, have never been documented unequivocally although various interpretations (some contradictory) have been made. We report here radiographic data from species of the genera Didelphis, Felis, Nasua, Nycticebus, Potos, Sciurus, and Tupaia. In the six eutherians studied, three joints are involved, and there is a common pattern in the mechanism: crurotalar plantarflexion, subtalar inversion, and transverse tarsal supination. Hind foot reversal represents the development of an unusual degree of excursion at these joints, rather than the appearance of any new type of movement. In Didelphis the mechanism is quite different: a bicondylar, spiral tibiotalar joint is the principal site of inversion/abduction movements. This specialization is characteristic of didelphids and phalangerids, and occurs in the extinct multituberculates as well; it is not found in macropodids (which are like eutherians in crurotalar joint structure) or other marsupial families. This diversity in pedal structure and function is evidently the result of parallel evolution from the type of tibiotalar joint of cynodonts and early mammals. In Morganucodon the bulbous, hemispheroidal proximal surface of the talus bears two tibial facets. These facets are represented in didelphids and multituberculates as sulci, whereas in macropodids and eutherians they developed as the proximal and medial surfaces of the talar trochlea. Among living mammals, the primitive hemispheroidal joint is retained among monotremes as a ball and socket joint.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820207
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation and timing of the cranial ossification sequence of the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis (Amphibia, Discoglossidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 245-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The sequence of appearance of the 17 different skull bones in the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, is described. Data are based primarily on samples of ten or 11 laboratory-reared specimens of each of 11 Gosner developmental stages (36-46) representing middle through late metamorphosis. Ossification commences as early as stage 37 (hind limb with all five toes distinct), but the full complement of adult bones is not attained until stage 46 (metamorphosis complete). Number of bones present at intermediate stages is poorly correlated with external morphology. As many as four Gosner developmental stages elapse before a given bone is present in all specimens following the stage at which it may first appear. The modal ossification sequence is frontoparietal, exoccipital, parasphenoid, septomaxilla, premaxilla, vomer, nasal, maxilla, angulosplenial, dentary, squamosal, quadratojugal, pterygoid, prootic, interfrontal, sphenethmoid, and mentomeckelian. Most specimens are consistent with this sequence, despite the poor correlation between cranial ossification and external development as assayed by Gosner stage.The timing of cranial ossification in Bombina orientalis differs in many respects from that described for two other, distantly related anurans, the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and the western toad (Bufo boreas). These include the total number and sequence of appearance of bones, and the timing of ossification relative to the development of external morphology. Interspecific variation may reflect differences in the timing of the tissue interactions known to underlie skeletal differentiation and evolution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820302
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of osmoregulatory organs in larvae of the brackish-water mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 257-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules, ileum, rectum, anal canal, and anal papillae of larvae of the mosquito Culiseta inornata was examined. The Malpighian tubules, rectum, and anal papillae have many of the ultrastructural features characteristic of ion transport tissues, i.e., elaboration of the basal and apical membranes and a close association of these membranes with mitochondria. The Malpighian tubules possess two cell types, primary and stellate. The larval rectum of C. inornata is composed of a single segment containing a homogenous population of cells. In this respect, the larval rectum of C. inornata is distinct from that of saline-water species of Aedes. The cells in the larval rectum of C. inornata, however, closely resemble those of one cell type, the anterior rectal cells, of the saline-water mosquito Aedes campestris with regard to cell and nuclear size, the percentage of the cell occupied by apical folds, and mitochondrial density and distribution. No similarities can be found between the rectum of C. inornata and the posterior segment of the saline-water Aedes, which functions as a salt gland. On this basis, we have postulated that the rectum of C. inornata does not function as a site of hyperosmotic fluid secretion. The ultrastructure of the anal papillae of C. inornata is consistent with a role in ion transport. The significance of these findings to comparative aspects of osmoregulatory strategies in mosquito larvae is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820303
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of the sternal and tergal glands producing the sexual pheromones and the aphrodisiacs among the cockroaches of the subfamily oxyhaloinae (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 279-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Among cockroaches in the subfamily of Oxyhaloinae, the adult males produce two essential and successively active chemical signals: the sex pheromone attracting females from a distance secreted by the sternal glands, and the aphrodisiac required for mating which is secreted by the tergal glands. The adult males of the seven species studied, Nauphoeta cinerea, Henschoutedenia flexivitta, Leucophaea maderae, Jagrehnia madecassa, Gromphadorhina portentosa, G. laevigata, and G. chopardi, possess well-developed sternal and tergal glands whose number varies according to the species and methods of mating (three to six sternal glands and four to seven tergal glands). These glands are basically composed of type three glandular units (glandular cell + duct cell) and type 2 cells (modified oenocytes) which exhibit no significant external cuticular modification except for tergite 2 of L. maderae. The extreme variance in development of these glands can be linked to sexual behavior. The hypothesis put forward here is that of a regressive evolution of the tergal glands, related to a modification of the role played by the aphrodisiacs which they secrete.
    Zusätzliches Material: 47 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820304
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and histology of the alimentary tracts of ambassidae (Cuvier) (Teleostei) in relation to feeding (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The gross morphology and histology of the alimentary tracts of three species of glassy perchlet; Ambassis productus, A. natalensis, and A. gymnocephalus from estuaries on the southeast coast of Africa were investigated. The anatomy of the digestive tracts in all three species was found to be similar. Well-developed dentition and pharyngeal teeth together with a distensible stomach and a low relative gut length (RGL) suggest a predatory and carnivorous habit for all three species.The relative gut lengths of Ambassis species from different estuarine systems are compared‥ Differences in RGL for A. productus and A. natalensis from the Kosi and St Lucia systems with fish from Mdloti estuary are discussed. It is suggested that decreased RGL for fish at Mdloti is attributable to decreased food availability and not to a lack in the calorific content of their diet.Histological investigation revealed the presence of the following regions: a pharynx; an oesophagus; a stomach differentiated into cardiac and pyloric regions; a duodenum or upper intestine; an ileum or lower intestine; and a rectum. Pyloric and rectal sphincters are present. The tunics of the above regions are described. The epithelium of the oesophagus contains taste buds and numerous mucus cells, and varies from stratified anteriorly to simple columnar posteriorly. The muscularis comprises dorsally and ventrally located inner muscle bundles and an outer circular layer. Both layers consist of striated fibres.Gastric glands are present in the mucosa of the cardiac stomach but are absent in the pylorus. Columnar absorbing cells and goblet cells are present in the epithelium of the upper and lower intestine. The rectum is distinguished from the intestine by the proliferation of mucous-secreting cells which are thought to aid defecation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820305
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and metamorphosis of the rectus abdominis muscle in Rana pipiens (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 317-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cross sections through the middle segment of the anuran rectus abdominis muscle were analyzed morphometrically at nine stage of development, from early larval life through full maturity. The numbers, sizes, and relative distributions of twitch and slow muscle fibers, newly differentiated fibers, degenerating fibers, and satellite cells were determined at each stage. The data indicate that the muscle increases slowly in size and fiber content during early larval life. New fibers appear to form primarily along the medial margin of the muscle. During mid-larval stages, when thyroid hormone levels are rising, new fibers form throughout the medial portion of the muscle. At a slightly later stage, fibers in the lateral region of the muscle begin to degenerate. Structurally normal presynaptic elements are present on both degenerating fibers and the empty basal laminae of fibers that had been removed by phagocytes. Both fiber formation and fiber loss slow during midmetamorphic climax, at the time when thyroid hormone levels reach a peak in anurans and begin to decline. Degenerating fibers appear within the body of the muscle at the end of metamorphosis. By the end of the second postmetamorphic month, neither degenerating nor newly differentiated fibers are present. The muscle continues to grow through adult life primarily by fiber hypertrophy.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820307
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adrenergic innervation of the gills of brown and rainbow trout, Salmo trutta and S. gairdneri (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The adrenergic innervation of structures in the gills of brown and rainbow trout was studied with catecholamine fluorescence histochemistry.In the arterio-arterial vascular pathway, there was an innervation of the afferent and efferent lamellar arterioles, but the afferent and efferent filamental arteries and the secondary lamellae were devoid of any fluorescent nerve fibres. In S. trutta only, there was an additional innervation of the afferent and efferent branchial arteries and the base of the efferent filamental artery.The innervation of the arterio-venous vascular pathway was similar in both trout species. Many fluorescent nerve fibres were found on nutritive arterioles in the gill arch and interbranchial septum, and in the core of each filament between the surface epithelium and the wall of the filament venous sinus. No fluorescent nerve fibres were observed at the origins of the capillaries arising from the efferent filamental artery.The sympathetic nerve supply is provided to the gills mainly through the posttrematic nerve, with an occasional small contribution through the pretrematic nerve.The presence of adrenergic nerves in the gills is discussed in relation to the regulation of blood flow through the arterio-arterial and arterio-venous pathways.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820306
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphometric diffusing capacity and functional anatomy of the book lungs in the spider Tegenaria spp. (Agelenidae) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 182 (1984), S. 339-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The presence of both book lungs and a tracheal system in many spiders raises the question of the functional significance of this double respiratory system. The present physiological and morphometric study of the house spider (Tegenaria spp.) reveals that the diffusing capacity (Dto2) of the lungs alone suffices during rest and following exercise to meet measured rates of oxygen consumption (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm V}\limits^{\rm.} $\end{document}o2) at driving pressures (ΔPto2) similar to those calculated for vertebrate lungs. During moulting ΔPto2 may rise to more than double the vertebrate values, implying the possible insufficiency of book lungs during this critical life phase. Resting \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm V}\limits^{\rm .} $\end{document}o2 is greatest (92 mm3/h · g) during the early morning and lowest (66 mm3/h · g) near midday: during moulting \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm V}\limits^{\rm .} $\end{document}o2 rises to 278.7 mm3/h · g. In spiders recovering from exercise \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop {\rm V}\limits^{\rm .} $\end{document}o2 is consistently greater than during rest: neither value is significantly reduced by blockage of the tracheal stigmas. Regression calculations of morphometric values for a hypothetical 100-mg Tegenaria yield a total lung volume of 0.578 mm3, a pulmonary surface area of 69.8 mm2, and a surface-to-volume ratio of 120.89 mm2/mm3. In spite of the similar thickness of the chitinous and hypodermal components of the air-hemolymph barrier (each ca. 0.2 μm in nonmoulting animals), the low permeability of chitin for oxygen makes this layer the greater barrier to diffusion. For a 100-mg specimen Dto2 is 3.5 mm3/h · torr: similar to that of a turtle (Pseudemys) on a gram-body weight basis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051820308
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 179 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051790201
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