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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (15)
  • 1985-1989  (15)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1820-1829
  • Apoptosis
  • Schlüsselwörter
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermal tissue homeostasis: Apoptosis and cell emigration as mechanisms of controlled cell deletion in the epidermis, of the toad, Bufo bufo (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 256 (1989), S. 475-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epidermis ; Cell deletion ; Apoptosis ; Kinetic homeostasis ; Merkel cells ; Bufo bufo (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In normal, non-expanding toad epidermis more cells are produced than needed to replace cells lost by moulting. By implication, cell deletion additional to moulting must take place. This paper deals with the mechanisms by which the “surplus” of cells is deleted, taking advantage of the fact that the ratio between cell birth rate (K b) and the rate of desquamation (K d), which in normal toads is 2 to 3, can be manipulated. In toads deprived of the pars distalis of the pituitary gland it is decreased to 0.2 to 0.3, and in toads with hydrocortisone pellets implanted into the subcutaneous lymph space it is increased to 7 to 10. Thus, structures candidates for the morphological manifestation of the deletion process should occur rarely in toads in which the pars distalis has been removed and frequently in toads with hydrocortisone pellets implanted. Categorization and enumeration of such structures by light microscopy in the epidermis from operated, normal, and hormone-treated toads were performed. The incidence of structures referred to as “dark cells” and “omega-figures” were found to correlate relatively well with the K b/Kd-ratio. A subsequent ultrastructural analysis — on a cell-by-cell basis — of “dark cells” showed these to reflect various stages of apoptosis. The duration of the apoptotic process was calculated to be approximately 7 h. Light- and electron microscopy of “omega-figures” combined with histochemical observations of PSA-lectin binding were interpreted as reflecting a release of cells from the basal epidermis and their final elimination within the dermis. It is concluded (i) that apoptosis is an important mechanism of controlled cell deletion, (ii) that emigration to, and elimination in, the dermis is a possible deletion mechanism, and (iii) that necrosis is unlikely to play a role in controlled cell deletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225595
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degeneration and death, by apoptosis and necrosis, of the pavement and chloride cells in the gills of the teleost Oreochromis mossambicus (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Necrosis ; Gills ; Chloride cells ; Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Degeneration and death of branchial epithelial cells were studied in an African cichlid fish. In both freshwater and seawater fish the superficially located pavement cells are sloughed off at the end of their lifecycle. This process is preceded by degeneration via a process of cytoplasmic shrinkage and condensation related to apoptotic (physiologically controlled) cell death. The chloride cells are pleomorphic, i.e., accessory, mature, and degenerating cells. Degeneration of chloride cells mainly occurs by apoptosis. Degenerating cells show shrinkage and densification of cytoplasm and nuclei, and swelling of the tubular system; these cells are then separated from the ambient water by pavement cells. They are finally phagocytosed and digested by macrophages. Apoptosis of chloride cells, but not of pavement cells, is greatly stimulated when the fish are in seawater; this reflects an increase in cellular turnover of the chloride cells. Accidental cell death (necrosis) of pavement cells or chloride cells is rarely observed in fully adapted freshwater and seawater fish. Its incidence increases in the first few days following transfer of fish from fresh water to seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229086
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular turnover at the chondro-osseous junction of growth plate cartilage: Analysis by serial sections at the light microscopical level (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 7 (1989), S. 654-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Chondrocyte ; Hypertrophic ; Chondro-osseous ; Vascularization ; Apoptosis ; Cartilage ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the distal hypertrophic cell zone of growth plate cartilage, the penetration of metaphyseal vascular endothelial cells is into the noncalcified territorial and pericellular matrices. Cellular mechanisms that promote metaphyseal vascularization are understood poorly, partly because no study has addressed the question of the time sequence of cellular interactions at the chondro-osseous junction. The purpose of the present study is to make predictions about the relative and the real time duration of cellular events during vascular invasion, including an analysis of the time sequence of death of the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte. The data from serial section analysis at the light microscopical level of tetracycline-labeled growth plates indicate that death of the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte occurs in discrete morphological stages characterized by rapid cellular condensation followed, within minutes, by endothelial cell penetration into the vacated lacuna. Cellular condensation lasts ∼45 min or 18% of the time a cell spends as a terminal chondrocyte. The data also demonstrate that chondrocytic death occurs prior to invasion by vascular endothelial cells and that the chondrocytic lacuna remains empty for as long as 15 min before an endothelial cell or blood vascular cell fills the space.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100070505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence and significance of intraepithelial mesenchymal cells in human foetal colon (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 177 (1988), S. 377-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human foetal intestine ; Intraepithelial cells ; Mesenchyme ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During an investigation of the morphogenesis of the human foetal colon, breaks in the basal lamina underlying the surface epithelium were frequently observed at 10 1/2–11 weeks. These occurred at those sites where the mesenchyme was sweeping up into the epithelium prior to the transformation of the epithelium from stratified to a single layer. At the same time numbers of mesenchymal cells appeared among the epithelial cells and some were observed actually in the process of passing through the gaps in the basal lamina. Close contact was apparent between some mesenchymal cells and basal epithelial cells through extended breaks in the basal lamina. Many of the mesenchymal cells within the epithelium contained numbers of apoptotic bodies. This suggests that one of the functions of the intra-epithelial mesenchymal cells is to remove the debris resulting from cell death which occurs in association with the re-arrangement of cells during development of the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315847
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogens and cell death in murine uterine luminal epithelium (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Necrosis ; Uterus ; Estrogen ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The luminal epithelium of adult ovariectomized mice responds to estradiol-17β with a synchronised wave of DNA synthesis and mitosis. Estriol, however, although producing a similar DNA-synthetic and mitotic response fails to cause an increase in cell number owing to a wave of cell death occurring at mitosis. In the present study it was shown that cells died by two different routes. The majority died by apoptosis but, unusually, a minority also died by necrosis. In the apoptotic cells the cytoplasm became dense, the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear cisternae dilated; chromatin became marginated the nucleus shrank and became deeply infolded and contorted. Apoptosis, however, was uncharacteristic in that the nucleus failed to fragment, form caps or show disruption before the cells died by membrane rupture. Furthermore, the cells were frequently lost in sheets from the epithelium into the lumen. Part of the biochemical explanation for this onset of cell death comes from the accelerated loss from the tissue of estriol when compared to estradiol-17β. This resulted in a decline in protein and rRNA biosynthesis and a failure to complete ribosomal maturation. Evidence in favour of this explanation came from experiments that showed a return to the estradiol-17β level of response and an inhibition of cell death when the occupancy of the estriol receptor was maintained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217324
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    78. Morphologie des Implantatlagers bei zementierten und nichtzementierten Gelenkimplantaten (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Joint endoprostheses ; Morphology ; Implant bed ; Schlüsselwörter ; Gelenkendoprothesen ; Morphologie ; Implantatbett
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach der Verankerung von Endoprothesenteilen kommt es im Implantatlager zu einemEinheilungsvorgang, der einer Frakturheilung entspricht. Dabei wird eine Grenzzone gegen das Implantat aufgebaut, die aus Kontakt-Zellen, Bindegewebe, Gefässen, Knochenmark und Knochen besteht. Der Knochen im Implantatlager unterliegt ausserdem einem Umbau, der das Ziel hat, dessen Struktur den veränderten biomechanischen Bedingungen anzupassen. Das Gewebe der Implantat-Knochen-Grenze kann auf Infekt, Materialzerrüttung oder -verschleiss wie auch auf mechanische Instabilität der Implantatverankerung mit Proliferation reagieren, die eine Resorption des Knochens und damit eine Lockerung des Implantates zur Folge hat.
    Notes: Summary After the insertion of a joint endoprosthesis a healing process is initiated which is comparable to the fracture healing. Thus, a border zone is built up against the implant, being composed of lining cells, connective tissue, vessels, bone marrow and bone. The bone of the implant bed is subjected to a remodeling in order to adapt its structure to the change of the biomechanic stresses. The tissue of the implant bed may react to infection, degradation or wear of the materials and mechanical instability of the fixation as well. The characteristic feature of this reaction is cell and tissue proliferation which causes bone resorption and, possibly, loosening of the implant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297862
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    155. Analyse von 2053 diagnostischen und therapeutischen Arthroskopien, ausgeführt von 1982 –1986 (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 822-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Arthroscopy ; Children ; Elderly patients ; Hemarthrosis ; Schlüsselwörter ; Arthroskopie ; Kinder ; Ältere Patienten ; Hämarthros
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter den von uns durchgeführten Arthroskopien und arthroskopischen Operationen konnten wir in unserer Klinik 1673 auswerten. Bei der Alters- und Geschlechtsverteilung keine Besonderheiten bis auf die relativ hohe Anzahl von Kindern und Patienten über 70 Jahre. Kontroverse Diskussion der Methoden und eigene Stellungnahme zu Allgemeinnarkose oder Regionalanaesthesie bzw. Gas oder Flüssigkeit. Unter Besonderheiten fiel auf M. Ahlbäck, die Gicht, ein Kompartmentsyndrom und 3 postoperative Infektionen. Beim Hämarthros die oft verspätete Einweisung zur diagnostischen Abklärung.
    Notes: Summary Only 1673 of the 2053 arthroscopies and arthroscopic operations carried out in our department could be evaluated in detail. The age and gender distribution of the patients was unremarkable aside from the relatively large numbers of both children and patients over 70 years of age. The advantages and disadvantages of regional versus general anesthesia for the procedure, as well as the use of gas or fluids for filling and rinsing the joint, are presented and discussed. The patients with Ahlbäck disease, gout, compartment syndrome, and three cases of postoperative infections are given special attention. It is pointed out that patients with hemarthrosis were often referred too late.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297939
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    10. Entwicklung der Maschinennaht und Vergleich mit der manuellen Naht in der Chirurgie (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Mechanical vs. manual sutures in surgery ; Schlüsselwörter ; Maschinen- vs. Handnaht in der Chirurgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Maschinennaht in der Chirurgie, zuerst angewendet im Jahre 1908 von H. Hültl. in Budapest, empfiehlt sich oft als ein Verfahren erster Wahl in der Thorax- und Bauchchirurgie. Die Vorteile der chirurgischen Klammernaht beruhen auf vereinfachter Handhabung, verkürzter Dauer des Eingriffes und der Öffnung keimbesiedelter Hohlorgane, selbständiger Nahtsicherheit, vorsichtiger Gewebebehandlung und früher Anastomosenfunktion. Die Klammernahtgeräte haben die Entwicklung neuer Operationsmethoden erlaubt, besonders dank technisch immer mehr verbesserten Instrumenten.
    Notes: Summary Mechanical sutures in surgery were first used in 1908 by Hültl. Since then they have found a large field of application in thoracic and abdominal surgery because of their ease in handling and consequent reduction of duration of operation, as well as reduction of contamination from hollow organs. Safety, diminished tissue trauma and early function of anastomotic continuity are other advantages that recommend the use of staplers over hand sutures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297794
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of the uterine epithelium in later stages of pseudopregnancy in the rabbit (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 174 (1986), S. 97-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Late pseudopregnancy ; Regeneration ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes of the uterine epithelium in later stages of pseudopregnancy in the rabbit have been studied using different morphological methods. The highly proliferated mucosa with numerous symplasms of a pseudopregnant animal returns to the morphology of a nonpregnant animal by apoptosis, moderate necrosis and lytic transformation of symplasms back to typical endometrial cells without desquamation of cells. The first signs of lytic transformation are observed on Day 8 of pseudopregnancy. Enhanced regeneration with apoptosis and lysis of the symplasmic nuclei is observed between Day 14 and Day 16. Full restoration of the epithelium with reppearance of ciliated cells, typical columnar and partly mucified epithelial cells is not completed earlier than Day 24 p. hCG. This epithelium, however, differs clearly from the epithelium of a virgin rabbit due to several residues of epithelial transformation. Thus, from a morphological point of view, pseudopregnancy in the rabbit lasts up to or even longer than Day 28 p. hCG with persisting ultrastructural remnants of the preceeding cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth, regression and cell death in rat liver as related to tissue levels of the hepatomitogen cyproterone acetate (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 59 (1986), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Cell death ; Liver hyperplasia regression ; Cyproterone acetate ; α-Hexachlorocyclohexane ; nafenopin ; Pharmacokinetics ; Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase ; Serum alkaline phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that “xenobiotic” compounds such as the environmental pollutant α-hexa-chlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) and the synthetic sex steroid cyproterone acetate (CPA) induce growth of rat liver by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. After withdrawal of the growth stimuli, liver hypertrophy was usually found to be readily reversible. Conflicting observations were made concerning the fate of liver hyperplasia: hepatic hyperplasia persisted when induced by α-HCH but was found to be partially reversible when induced by CPA. The present study confirms the reversibility of hepatic hyperplasia induced by CPA in rats: about 30% of liver DNA present at maximal liver enlargement disappeared within 6 days after cessation of CPA treatment. Simultaneously, a dramatic increase in the rate of cell elimination by apoptosis was found. Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in serum did not show major increases, suggesting that cell death was not due to lytic membrane damage. Furthermore, if treatment with CPA was continued or resumed, the enhanced DNA content persisted and the number of apoptotic bodies was greatly reduced. These observations suggest that the occurrence of cell death is due to withdrawal of the growth stimulus CPA. It may reflect a regulatory phenomenon serving to maintain homeostasis of cell number. Further studies showed that CPA is rapidly eliminated from rat liver and serum: t 1/2 in the liver is about 11 h. In contrast, α-HCH was previously found to be eliminated more slowly: t 1/2 approximately 144 h. The present study revealed that α-HCH, CPA and nafenopin lower the number of apoptotic bodies. This suggests that inducers of liver growth can inhibit hepatocellular death by apoptosis. It is concluded that the regression of hyperplasia after CPA withdrawal may be due to its rapid elimination. On the other hand the relatively long persistence of α-HCH may result in inhibition of cell death and thereby stabilize hepatic hyperplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290542
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Doppler-sonographische diagnose von basilarisstenosen und -obliterationen (1986)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 235 (1986), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Doppler sonography ; Basilar artery stenosis ; Basilar artery occlusion ; Trigeminal artery ; primitive persistent ; Schlüsselwörter ; Doppler-Sonographie ; Basilarisstenosen ; Basilarisobliterationen ; A. trigemina primitiva persistens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir haben 10162 Patienten innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahre mit der direktionellen Doppler-Sonographie der Vertebralarterien untersucht und im Vergleich mit 1989 retrograden Brachialisarteriographien sonographische Kriterien für den Nachweis einer wesentlichen Widerstandserhöhung im peripheren Gefäßbett beider Vertebralarterien bzw. der A. basilaris entwickelt. Alle 11 Basilarisstenosen von mehr als 60% Lumenreduktion (angiographisch) zeigten unabhängig von ihrer Lokalisation stets eine ca. 40%ige oder höhere Reduktion der Summe der modifizierten Pourcelot-Indices beider Vertebralarterien im Vergleich zu altersentsprechenden Normalwerten. Die 3 Stenosen unter 60% Reduktion des Lumendurchmessers waren sonographisch nicht erfaßbar. Selbst die Ausbildung eines Rete mirabile konnte den peripheren Widerstandsindex nicht normalisieren; auch beidseits kaliberschwache Vertebralarterien im Fall einer A. trigemina primitiva persistens waren sonographisch vorhersagbar. Der hohe Anteil an Patienten mit einseitiger Vertebralishypoplasie in der Gruppe der Basilarisstenosen weist auf ein höheres Risiko dieser Patientengruppe für arteriosklerotische Veränderungen an der A. basilaris bzw. der distalen A. vertebralis hin. Alle 14 angiographisch verifizierten Basilarisobliterationen waren — unabhängig von ihrer Lokalisation — mit den genannten Kriterien Doppler-sonographisch erfaßbar. Wir nehmen daher an, daß die direktionelle Doppler-Sonographie der Vertebralarterien eine sensitive Methode zur Erkennung von Basilarisstenosen mit zumindest 60%iger Reduktion des Lumendurchmessers bzw. von Basilarisobliterationen darstellt.
    Notes: Summary We have examined 10,162 patients during the past 5 years using directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries. On the basis of 1,989 retrograde brachial angiograms, we have developed sonographic criteria for demonstrating a significant increase in the peripheral resistance of both distal vertebral arteries and/or the basilar artery. All 11 cases of basilar artery stenosis of at least 60% reduction in lumen diameter (as shown by angiography) exhibited an approximately 40% or higher reduction in the sum of the modified Pourcelot indices of both vertebral arteries in comparison with age-matched controls. The 3 stenoses below 60% reduction in lumen diameter were not detected by sonography. Even a good collateral circulation through rete-mirabile anastomoses did not normalize the modified Pourcelot indices. One case of persistent primitive trigeminal artery with thin-calibred vertebral arteries was also detected by sonography. The high percentage of patients with one hypoplastic vertebral artery in the group of basilar artery stenoses indicates an increased risk for atherosclerosis of the basilar and/or the distal vertebral artery in these patients. All 14 angiographically verified occlusions of the basilar artery were detected by sonographic criteria independent of the occlusive localization. Thus, we believe that directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography is a reliable technique for detecting basilar artery stenoses of at least 60% reduction in lumen diameter and basilar artery occlusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379978
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth stimulation and apoptosis induced in cultures of neonatal rat liver cells by repeated exposures to epidermal growth factor/urogastrone with or without associated pancreatic hormones (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 245 (1986), S. 471-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neonatal hepatocytes ; Peptide mitogens ; Epidermal growth factor/Urogastrone ; Glucagon ; Insulin ; Cell proliferation ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In untreated primary cultures of neonatal rat liver kept in high-calcium (1.8 mmol/l), foetal bovine serum (10%v/v)-containing minimal essential medium (FBSMEM), the absolute numbers of hepatocytes did not change between day 4 and day 9 because ongoing cell loss was counterbalanced by proliferation of a discrete sub-population of the cells. By contrast, the number of stromal cells increased linearly with time. Growth of hepatocytes and stromal cells was differently affected by the daily addition, between day 4 and day 8 of culture, of fresh medium to which peptide mitogen(s) in concentrations ranging from 10-14 to 10-8 mol/l had been added. Epidermal growth factor/urogastrone (EGF/URO) with or without equimolar mixtures of glucagon and insulin, induced first hyperplasia of hepatocytes and stromal cells and then apopotosis (degeneration and death) of the progeny of the stimulated cells. By contrast, equimolar mixtures of glucagon and insulin caused a progressive increase in the number of hepatocytes and stromal cells unbalanced by any increase in cell death. At subphysiological concentrations glucagon, in synergism with EGF/URO and/or some other unknown heat-stable component of serum, acted as a trophic factor for hepatocytes. By contrast, insulin alone did not enhance growth of hepatocytes, but rather blocked the mitogenic effects of EGF/URO. The three hormones exerted neither mitogenic nor apoptotic effects when administered in a low calcium (0.01 mmol/l) FBS-MEM medium. These results reveal that EGF/URO may control the size of cell populations in neonatal liver by calcium-dependent mechanisms that make it unlikely to be a promoter of hepatocyte tumours. They also show that glucagon acts as a positive trophic regulator for hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218546
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical and scanning electron-microscopic analysis of apoptotic cells and their phagocytosis in mucoid epithelium of the mouse stomach (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 647-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; Mucoid cell surface ; Carbohydrates ; Phagocytosis ; Lateral membrane ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation of apoptotic cells and their phagocytosis by viable neighbouring cells in the gastric epithelium of 2-to 6-day-old mice was analysed. In order to observe the topographic relationship between apoptotic and normal epithelial cells using scanning electron microscope, the critical-point dried tissues was cracked before coating with gold. Cytochemical methods for the identification of surface carbohydrates and different tracers for apical and lateral cell membranes were applied for the analysis using the transmission electron microscope. Apoptotic cells were found on apical and lateral surfaces; this indicates the presence of tight connections with viable cells at some points. Ruthenium red strongly stained all accessible surfaces of normal cells and of apoptotic bodies. The quantity of neutral mucosubstances, as revealed by staining with tannic acid-uranyl acetate, seemed to decrease in the glycocalyx of apoptotic cells. The scanning and transmission electronmicroscopic results suggest that the phagocytotic vacuoles arise at the lateral side of the cells. The phagocytotic activity is not dependent upon a definite differentiation step of the mucoid cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215207
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  • 14
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of meconium corpuscles in human foetal colon (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Meconium corpuscles ; Apoptosis ; Foetal intestine ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In human foetal colon meconium corpuscles were observed in the colonic epithelium during the stage of secondary lumina development and enlargement. Transmission electron microscopy of these specimens revealed inclusion bodies in the superficial and deeper layers of the epithelium. Many of the membrane-bounded inclusion bodies contained well-preserved organelles and some inclusions contained nuclear fragments. There was evidence of nuclear fragmentation with condensed chromatin arranged in crescentic caps. The ultrastructural observations are typical of apoptosis, a mode of cell death first described in 1972 by Kerr and colleagues. Thus, meconium corpuscles are apoptotic bodies found as a result of the deletion of healthy normal cells during the reshaping and development of organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347026
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  • 15
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    Electronic Resource
    Dimensionen der Hamilton-Depressionsskala (HAMD) (1985)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 234 (1985), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Depression scales ; Depression ; Severity of depression ; Rating scales ; Schlüsselwörter ; Depressionsskala ; Depression ; Schweregrad der Depression ; Ratingskalen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Resultate der faktorenanalytischen Untersuchungen der HAMD sind uneinheitlich. Um Verlaufsstabilität und Stichprobenunabhängigkeit der faktoriellen Zerlegungen zu prüfen, wurden zwei Gruppen depressiver Patienten (n = 107, n = 97), die nach operationalisierten Kriterien selektiert wurden, mit der HAMD beurteilt. Diese Gruppen unterscheiden sich nach ihrer nosologischen Zusammensetzung. In einer der Gruppen wurden die Ratings zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten (vor Therapie bzw. 3 Wochen nach Beginn der Therapie) durchgeführt. Die Einfaktorenlösung erwies sich als einzige als stichprobenunabhängig und verlaufsstabil. In allen Gruppen zeigten die Einfaktorenlösungen eine hohe Ähnlichkeit mit entsprechenden Faktoren anderer publizierter Faktorenanalysen der deutschen Version der HAMD: es gelang jedoch nicht, einen Generalfaktor zu extrahieren. Das zieht die Fähigkeit der HAMD zur Beurteilung des Schweregrades der depressiven Symptomatik in Zweifel. Es werden Möglichkeiten diskutiert, diese Schwierigkeit zu umgehen.
    Notes: Summary The results of factor analysis of HAMD are not unitary. Studying the stability in course and the independence of selection criteria for the population we rated two groups (n = 107, n = 98) of inpatients with HAMD; these groups differ in nosological selection criteria. We furthermore rated one group at different timepoints (before treatment and 3 weeks after). The one-factor-solution is the only stable one and the only one which is independent from selection criteria. In all groups the one-factor-solutions show a high similarity with other published solutions of the German version of HAMD. But there is no way to extract a general factor. Thus the ability of HAMD in judging the severity of depression is doubtful. Ways are discussed to cirumvent this problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386061
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