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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (148,128)
  • 1995-1999  (43,465)
  • 1990-1994  (58,321)
  • 1985-1989  (46,342)
  • Chemistry  (134,364)
  • Engineering General  (7,040)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (4,976)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (1,748)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (148,128)
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330114
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 67-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330117
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330201
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umweltprobenbanken-eine wichtige Säule der Umweltbeobachtung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Natural events as well as human activities are affecting the environment and even with largescale monitoring programs it is not possible to completely assess the state of the environment. But a documentation of the environmental status with respect to its chemical composition can be realized with systematically collected representative environmental samples, which can be stored for decades at very low temperatures almost without degradation. Such ‘banking activity’ allows a current environmental monitoring and also a retrospective analysis for the determination of components which have not been analyzed at the time of sampling because of ta lack in analytical techniques or because they have not been known or considered environmentally relevant. The concept of environmental specimen banking and general procedures are described. Various examples illustrate the many facets of such activities.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330205
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jobsuch auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die Arbeitsmarktsituation in der Chemie hat sich in den letzten Jahren spürbar entspannt. Dennoch gibt es auf etlichen, nicht hundertprozentig dem Trend der Zeit entsprechenden Spezialgebieten immer noch einen beträchtlichen Überhang an Stellensuchenden. Entsprechende Mobilität vorausgesetzt, kann das Internet bei der Stellensuche hilfreich sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330210
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 135-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330215
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330301
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantenchemie auf dem Internet (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 165-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330306
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Rolle des Aerosols im Klimasystem (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric aerosol particles cause one of the largest uncertainties in estimates of human influence on climate - a good reason to take a closer look at the atmospheric life cycle of the aerosols and its effects. Besides a number of primary and secondary natural aerosol sources we need to consider since the beginning of industrialisation strong manmade particle sources. During its residence in the atmosphere the aerosol interacts in many physical and chemical ways with other atmospheric trace substances, most importantly with water vapor and its liquid and solid phases. Through its direct effect on solar and thermal radiation and through its influence on clouds the atmospheric aerosol exerts a climate forcing. To data we cannot predict the ensuing climate response because of our limited understanding of essential atmospheric processes and of the many possible feedbacks within the climate system. However, already our present knowledge of the role of the atmospheric aerosol in the climate system makes strictly global views of anthropogenic climate changes questionable.
    Notes: Der Stand unseres Wissens zum Kreislauf des Atmosphärischen Aerosols und von seiner Rolle im Klimasystem läßt sich wie folgt zusammenfassen: 1Unser Verständnis des globalen Aerosolkreislaufs und vor allem des menschlichen Eingriffs in denselben ist noch sehr unvollständig. Dies gilt in hohem Maße auch für die mit diesem Kreislauf verbundenen chemischen Mehrphasenprozesse.2Ein negativer direkter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert über die Streuung und Absorption, hat aber noch große Unsicherheiten und kann über hoch mit Rußpartikeln belasteten Gebieten auch positive Werte annehmen.3Ein indirekter Klimaantrieb anthropogener Aerosole existiert wahrscheinlich und hat ebenfalls ein negatives Vorzeichen. Seine Größenordnung und Unsicherheiten lassen sich noch nicht quantifizieren.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330305
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Welche Bedeutung haben Theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical concepts are important to gain a qualitative understanding of chemistry. They are needed to find interesting questions to which experimental research as well as quantum-chemical investigations and computer simulations can contribute. We point out why chemical concepts should be seen as an important and from fundamental physical theories to a certain degree independent part of chemistry. An overview and analysis of some concepts - which are often introduced only in connection with special examples instead of a discussion for their own sake - are given. We take a closer look at some concepts to illustrate our assertions. An analysis of the stability of the cyclic (MoNL3)-trimer demonstrates how these concepts work and what they can tell us about this special case.
    Notes: Wir haben versucht, deutlich zu machen, wie wichtig theoretische Konzepte in der Chemie sind. Dabei gelangen wir zu folgenden Schlußfolgerungen über die Konzepte, die in der Chemie herangezogen werden, um Beobachtungen zu deuten und zu verstehen: Qualitativ chemische Konzepte sind für ein Verständnis der Chemie unverzichtbar. Eine quantenchemische Berechnung liefert nicht automatisch Verständnis und Einordnung in einen Gesamtzusammenhang.Erst die vereinfachende Beschreibung chemischer Konzepte ermöglicht eine unmittelbare Diskussion chemischer Fragestellungen.Die Konzepte sind trotz grundlegender physikalischer Theorien bis zu einem gewissen Grade eigenständig.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330312
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330401
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hundert Jahre Aspirin® (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The article commemorates the centenary of the protection of the proprietary mine of Aspirin. The early medicinal uses of salicylic acid derivatives in herbal remedies arc summarised as well as the biosynthesis of these derivatives. The history of the synthesis of salicylic acid and of acetyl salicylic acid (ASS) is described in detail as is the discovery of additional therapeutic applications and the basic pharmacology of ASS.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330406
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internet-Werkzeuge für die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chemikern (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 234-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330409
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alchemie. Lexikon einer hermetischen Wissenschaft. Herausgegeben von Claus Priesner und Karin Figala. Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 412 S., 40 Abb., Leinen, DM 68,-. ISBN 3-406-44104-8 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330412
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 246-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330417
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 250-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330502
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 308-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330508
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 312-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330511
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 314-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330514
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330518
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 318-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330602
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Biologie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 354-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Biology is a rapidly growing field at the interface of organic chemistry and cell biology. Chemical strategies are used to address biological questions not amenable to traditional genetic and biochemical techniques alone. Thc enormous potential of Chemical Biology is illustrated by four recent examples.
    Notes: Chemische Biologie ist eine junge Forschungsrichtung im Grenzgebiet zwischen Organischer Cherme und Zellbiologie, welche aus einem Bedarf nach neuen Techniken zur Untersuchung zellbiologischer Mechanismen entstanden ist. Chemische Methoden werden mit biochemischen und molekularbiologischen Methoden kombiniert, um neuartige Möglichkeiten für die biologische Grundlagenforschung zu schaffen. So werden synthetische Oligosaccharide kovalent an die Oberfläche lebender Zellen gebunden, die Konzentration von Calciumionen im Zytosol künstlich reguliert und Rezeptoren künstlich aktiviert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330606
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektrosynthesen. Strom doppelt genutzt: Erste technische „Paired Electrosynthesis“ (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 373-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Eine neue Elektrosynthese erfüllt erstmals den Traum der Elektrochemiker, gleichzeitig Anoden- und Kathodenreaktion für organische Synthesen technisch zu nutzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330610
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimente für die Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 377-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330614
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistenz und Reichweite von Umweltchemikalien. Von M. Scheringer. Wiley-VCh, Weinheim 1999.XIII + 208 Abb.,17Tab., gebunden, DM 158,-.ISBN 3-527-29752-9 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 380-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330618
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorbereitungen für die Jahrtausend-Party (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Around the world, BASF has been preparing for Y2K since 1996. The Information services and the Process Control Technology divisions, as well as embedded systems and logistics, not to mention the company's customers and suppliers have all been systenmatically tested for Y2K capability. In addition, special precautionary measures in particular, at large Verbund sites - will be in place during the switchover period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330621
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 4-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330102
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330115
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  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gentechnik in der Schule (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Fonds of German Chemical Industry (FCI) has produced an instrumental kit named „Blue Genes“ which enables High School teachers to perform in their school environment basic experiments of gene analysis and cloning. In particular, the kit contains all necessary equipment and reagents to perform a restriction analysis, and cloning and expression of a bacterial gene.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330206
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  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemie der Wunder (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A few physical phenomena believed to be religious miracles are considered, and scientific explanations for them are proposed.
    Notes: Einige physikalische Phänomene, von denen man glaubte, sie seien religiöse Wunder, werden vorgestellt und wissenschaftliche Erklärungen hierfür vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330304
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  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wer und was ist es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 173-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330308
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  • 132
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    Electronic Resource
    Lebensgeschichten. Sternstunden der frühen Chemie von Johann Rudolph Glauber bis Justus von Liebig. Von Ernst F. Schwenk. Beck'sche Reihe 1252, Verlag C. H. Beck, München 1998. 288 S., 42 s/w-Abb., Paper-back, DM 19,80. ISBN 3-406-42052-4 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 176-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330311
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  • 133
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    Literaturkarusell. Interdisziplinäres (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. VIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330517
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  • 134
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    Literaturkarusell. Pharmazie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XIV 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330520
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    Kupfer  -  Die biochemische Bedeutung eines Metalls (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The essential trace element copper plays a key role in living systems. Its metalloproteins are involved in various reactions. The IT ononuclear blue copper type-1 proteins take, part in electron transfer processes. Type-2 proteins can either act as oxidases, oxygenases, dioxygenases, or superoxide dismutases, containing one copper core. Dinuclear copper centers of Type-3 proteins are the oxygen transport system hemocyanin, oxidases and oxygenases. Due to this variety of functions copper deficiency and also abundance can cause severe damage of any life form.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330604
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  • 136
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    Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch und Friedrich Bergius  -  Protagonisten der Hochdrucksynthese (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 359-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is tried to fix the limits between the notions high pressure synthesis and high temperature chemistry. The work of Fritz Haber to apply high pressure to synthetise ammonia and of Friedrich Bergius to liquify coal to synthetise petrol is described. Special attention is given to the merits of Carl Bosch and his coworkers at BASF for applying the high pressure synthesis into industrial scale. The consequences of thc work of Haber, Bergius und Bosch on chemistry, social and political life and their importance for the present are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330607
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  • 137
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    Bakterien, Viren, Prionen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 376-376 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330613
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  • 138
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330622
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  • 139
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    Von Biomineralien zu biomimetischen Materialien: Der Weg ist das Ziel (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 6-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diatoms are unicellular organisms which possess a unique silicified cell wall. Their intricate structures have inspired the imagination of naturalists and scientists throughout centuries. However, molecular biological details about silica metabolic pathways still are obscure. To find out how soft matter can selforganize and create finite solid shapes and complex patterns is certainly one of the most challenging scientific problems today. Especially chemists just have started to unravel the mysteries of chemical morphogenesis.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330103
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  • 140
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 58-60 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330108
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  • 141
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    Chemie im Selbststudium. Grundkurs Chemie I. Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie. Von Arnold Arni. überarb. Aulf. 3., überarb. Aufl., WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIV + 350 S., 66 Abb., 15 Tab., Broschur, DM 54,-. ISBN 3-527-29542-9. Grundkurs Chemie II. Organische Chemie. 2., überarb. Aufl. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XIII + 198 S., 16 Abb., 5 Tab., Broschur, DM 48,-. ISBN 3-527-29562-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330110
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  • 142
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 66-66 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330116
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  • 143
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 70-70 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330202
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  • 144
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 122-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330208
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  • 145
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330212
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  • 146
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330214
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  • 147
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    Literaturkarusell. Chemie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. X 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330218
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  • 148
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 138-138 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330302
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  • 149
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 174-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330309
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  • 150
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    Chemie mit Licht. Photochemie. Von D. Wöhrle, M.W. Tausch und W.-D. Stohrer. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. XVI, 253, S., 169 Abb., 39 Tab., Broschur, DM 128,-.ISBN 3-527-29545-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 175-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330310
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  • 151
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    Editorial (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 190-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330402
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  • 152
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    Sandwich-artige Cyclopentadienylkomplexe von Hauptgruppenelementen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 342-353 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes of maingroup elements are classified and compared in terms of structural types, bonding features, and characteristic reactions. Halfsandwich, sandwich and multidecker sandwich arrangements of different type are observed including cluster species with weak or strong metal-metal bonds. The Cp-El bonding ranges from mainly covalent to purely ionic with important structure-determining intermolecular contacts in the latter. π-Complexation allows the stabilisation of compounds with low-valent elements such as AI(I), Ga(I), and Si(I1). Important reaction principles and applications are shortly described.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330605
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  • 153
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 367-372 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330608
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  • 154
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 375-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330612
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  • 155
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    Schreiben und publizieren in den naturwissenschaften. Vin H.F.Ebel u C. Bliefert. 4., völlig neu bearb. Aufl., WILEY-VCh, Weinheim 1988.XIV + 550 s., Broschur, Dm 68,-ISBN 3-527-29626-3 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 378-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330615
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  • 156
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    Wer war es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 381-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330620
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  • 157
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    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330623
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  • 158
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 53-58 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330107
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  • 159
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    Koffeinschub für Chemie-Applets im WWW (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330112
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  • 160
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    Wer war es? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 129-129 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330211
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    Andere iu Z-Zeitschriften (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 134-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330213
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  • 162
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    Literaturkarusell. Biologie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. V 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330216
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  • 163
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    Literaturkarusell. Physik (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. VIII 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330217
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  • 164
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 186-186 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330315
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  • 165
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    Methyltrioxorhenium (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 192-198 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330403
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  • 166
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    Molekulare Aspekte des Alterns (1999)
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    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 221-225 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the last decade, major advances in the understanding of the biology of aging were made. Studies in worms, flies and yeast led to the identification of several life-extending genes. In mammals, two genes were found which, when mutated, shorten life span. Previous studies in rodents reporting life span prolongation by caloric restriction were confirmed and extended to lower organisms. The studies arc consistent with and supportive of the free radical theory of aging, which secs reactive oxygen species as the main contributor to aging. A refinement of this theory puts mitochondrial DNA into the center of the aging process. It appears that mitochondrial DNA may be both, a yardstick for the biological age and a signalling device to tell the organism when to die. A diet low in calories and high in antioxidants promises to lead to a better quality of life at old age and possibly to increased life span for humans.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330407
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 237-239 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330411
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    Radikale und Radikalionen in der Organischen Synthese. Von Torsten Linker und Michael Schmittel. WILEY-VCH, Weinheim 1998. 421 S., DM 88,-. ISBN 3-527-29492-9 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 241-241 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330415
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    Impressum (1999)
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    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 247-247 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330419
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  • 170
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    Wiederaufladbare Batterien (1999)
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    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 252-266 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This first part of „Rechargeable Batteries“ is devoted to materials and reactions in batteries with aqueous electrolytes. Lead-acid, nickelcadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and various zinc systems, such as zinc-manganese oxide, zinc-air, and zinc-bromine cells are discussed. Special attention is paid to the limited electrochemical stability window of the aqueous electrolytes, which enables overcharge and overdischarge protection of the battery but limits cell voltages to less than 2 Volts. In the following part of this article we will focus on nonaqueous electrolyte-based rechargeable batteries. Due to thc wider electrochemical stability window of these electrolytes high specific charge and high cell voltage batteries can be realized, e.g., the „4 V“ lithium ion cell.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330503
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 304-308 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330507
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  • 172
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    Dokumentation (1999)
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    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 314-314 
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    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330512
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    Chemie erlebt - 50 jahre GDCH. Hrsg. von der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. Das Buch ist im Eigenverlag erschienen und kann bei der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Abteilung Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Postfach 900440,60444 Frankfurt/M bestellt werde,304 S., Dm 39,-ISBN 3-924763-79-8 (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 379-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330616
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  • 174
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    Impressum (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 390-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330624
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  • 175
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    Feste Lösungen (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 33-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solid solutions arc an area of inorganic chemistry that encompasses a wide variety of natural and synthetic compounds. This article is intended to be a selection of interesting examples which illustrate the importance of solid solutions in everyday life and industrial applications. A short discussion of the theoretical background is given, followed by the description of solid solutions of non-metals in metals such as steel. Furthermore, solid solutions with important optical (e.g. laser materials) and electrical properties (e.g. β-alumina) are discussed, referring to their chemical structure and technological relevance.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330105
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  • 176
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    ChiuZ aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 126-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330209
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  • 177
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    Primärprozesse der Photosynthese und ihre Modellierung (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 72-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photosynthesis is one of the most fascinating fields of current interdisciplinary research. It seems miraculous that Nature, in the process of evolution, has managed to bring about a 100% quantum yield in charge separation occurring in the primary processes within the photosynthetic reaction centers. In fact, wasteful deactivation of the photoexcited electronic states into the ground state should be favoured and thus prevent charge separation. Biomimetic model compounds have been synthesized, essentially from porphyrins and quinones, resembling the redoxactive cofactors, Nature has developed. The underlying philosophy of this approach is to design and prepare suitable organic molecules allowing the specific properties of the complex electron transfer reactions to be tuned appropriately. Special emphasis is given the through comparison of structures and functions of native and artificial systems. The prominent electron transfer characteristics are discussed in particular by using time-resolved picosecond fluorescence and time-resolved EPR techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330203
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  • 178
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    Literaturkarusell. Pharmazie (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XI 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330219
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  • 179
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    Literaturkarusell. Inter-disziplinäres (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. XIII 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330220
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  • 180
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    Biochemische Mechanismen einer einfachen Verhaltensreaktion (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 140-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In active search for conditions for optimal phototrophic growth, halobacteria respond to light and to a variety of other environmental stimuli by taxis. Light reception is mediated by sensory rhodopsins, seven helix transmembrane retinal proteins that are stably complexed to specific MCP-related transducer proteins. Photoisomerization of the retinal chromophore generates a steric signal which activates the sensory rhodopsin-transducer-complex. Complex activation is relayed to a two component signaling system and transiently changes the cytoplasmic concentration of fumarate which, together with the small cytoplasmic protein CheY controls flagellar motor switching. Dual signaling by CheY and fumarate was also found in Escherichia coli where it mediates metabolic signaling and taxis in cells with disabled two-component system. Sensory integration of different environmental stimuli occurs at the level of the signaling domains of several stimulus-specific transducers constructed through combination of appropriate molecular modules. Irrespective of the complexity of the signaling network, the response to light is quantitatively predictable and stochastic. Its kinetic analysis suggests that time-dependent changes in the activity of signaling components can be resolved even in the context of a complex molecular network.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330303
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  • 181
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330307
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  • 182
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    Dokumentation (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 186-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330313
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  • 183
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    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 187-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330316
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  • 184
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    Wissenschaft aktuell (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 228-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330408
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  • 185
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    Wiederaufladbare Batterien (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 320-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a matter of fact, most of our technical electrochemical energy storage systems operate outside the limitations of thermodynamics. As in the case of rechargeable batteries with aqueous electrolytes (part I of this article), kinetics control the operation and safety also in batteries with nonaqueous electrolytes (this second and final part).A striking example is the lithium ion battery which possesses an operating voltage of 〉3,5 V and a very high energy density. From a thermodynamic viewpoint such a cell is impossible because the used organic electrolyte is in contact with two lithium insertion electrodes that operate at extreme reducing and oxidizing potentials, respectively. However, a unique mechanism kinetically prevents the decomposition of the electrolyte due to the formation of electronically insulating interphases between electrode and electrolyte that are still permeable to the electrochemically active Li+ cations. Lithium ion batteries have already made their breakthrough into the market as small format systems for portable electronics. The only „kinetically shielded“ high energy density, however, might be a safety complication for large format batteries, which are assembled for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. Safety concerns are also valid for high temperature (300°C) batteries such as the sodium-sulfur and sodium-nickel chloride systems. These systems are still in the stage of „experimental batteries“, which may find future application in large units for EV's or uninterruptible power systems. The paper is concluded by a performance comparison of various rechargeable battery systems with aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. (Possible) applications in consumer electronics and EV's are discussed in more detail.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330603
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  • 186
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    Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe. Chemische Abschreckung von Fraßinsekten (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 372-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330609
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  • 187
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    Rückblick (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie in unserer Zeit 33 (1999), S. 391-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2851
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19990330625
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  • 188
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    Prognostic value of tumor-associated antigens immunoreactivity and apoptosis in medulloblastomas. An analysis of 73 cases (1999)
    Springer
    Brain tumor pathology 16 (1999), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1861-387X
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Prognosis ; Tenascin ; Apoptosis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas (MB) are the most common central nervous system malignancies in children. Numerous publications describe efforts to identify the predictive value of various patterns of MB pathology and immunohistochemistry, but received data appear to be controversial. Seventy-three patients with cerebellar MB were studied retrospectively. Tumor specimens were immunohistochemically examined with antibodies to various tumor-associated antigens. Also, apoptosis detection by the in situ end-labeling method was performed. Survival analysis was made using univariate and multivariate models. Tenascin immunoreactivity and apoptotic index (AI)〉or=1.5% were found to be closely associated with poor prognosis according to an univariate analysis (P=0.008 and 0.003, respectively). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model exhibited independent prognostic value for the apoptotic rate only (P=0.023). Tumors with tenascin expression and AI〉or=1.5% significantly prevailed among MB with metastatic dissemination, whereas expression of c-erbB2 oncoprotein and epidermal growth factor receptor was found to be more typical for cases with local tumor recurrence. We came to the conclusion that tenascin immunoreactivity and AI were useful for individual MB prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02478900
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  • 189
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    Photochemistry of 9,10-Dicarbonyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene - A Source of 9,10-Dehydroanthracene? (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 57-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Benzyne ; Dehydroanthracene ; Matrix isolation ; Photochemistry ; Bergman reaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -9,10-Didehydroanthracene (1) is an interesting derivative of p-benzyne that has been subject of several studies. In contrast to an earlier report, the photochemical decarbonylation of 9,10-dicarbonyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene (2) does not lead to 1 but rather to the ring-opened ene-diyne 4. The key intermediate for this reaction is keto carbene 7 which is formed by monodecarbonylation of 2. Carbene 7 is labile towards visible-light irradiation and easily looses the second CO molecule to give 4. Carbene 7 and diyne 4 are characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectra, the IR spectra are compared to calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 190
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    Reversal Diastereofacial Selectivity in the n-Butyllithium Addition to O-Protected N-Trimethylsilylimines of (2S)-Lactal: Enthalpic versus Entropic Contributions (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 61-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Nucleophilic addition ; Solvent effect ; Reversal of diastereoselectivity ; Temperature effect ; Imines ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -Commonly observed, but rarely explored, is the possibility of modifying the diastereomeric excess (de%) by means of temperature. A complete reversal in the diastereofacial selectivity could be obtained whenever the diastereoisomers concerned are differentially favored by enthalpy and entropy. The enthalpic or entropic dominance of a diastereoisomer depends greatly on the reaction solvent used.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Syntheses of Donor-Acceptor-Substituted 2,6-Stellanes (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Donor-acceptor systems ; Cage compounds ; Stelladione ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A number of condensations could be carried out using tricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane-2-one (stellanone, 4) and tricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane-2,6-dione (2,6-stelladione, 5) as starting materials. The components for condensations were 2-trimethylsilyl-1,3-dithiane (6), 1,1-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene (7), its 3,6-dimethoxy-substituted analogue 8, fluorene (12), xanthene (13), diethyl malonate (14), and malononitrile (15). The condensation reactions with 5 yielded mono- and disubstituted products, among them were the donor-acceptor-substituted 2,6-stellanes 33-35. The structures of 18 (prepared from stellanone and fluorene), 19, 24, 27, 31 and 32 (synthesized by condensation of 2,6-stelladione and 2-trimethylsilyl-1,3-dithiane and malononitrile, respectively) were determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Synthesis of ω-Nitro Acids and ω-Amino Acids by Ring Cleavage of α-Nitrocycloalkanones (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Water ; α-Nitrocycloalkanones ; ω-Nitro acids ; Surfactant ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The reaction of various α-nitrocycloalkanones 1 with aqueous 0.05 M NaOH, at 80 °C, in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACl) as a cationic surfactant, produces ω-nitro acids 2 in good yields. Reduction of the latter with HCOONH4/Pd-C, in methanol, at 80 °C affords ω-amino acids 3. The synthesis of methyl 9-oxodecanoate (8) is also reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 193
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    On the Selective O-Alkylation of Ambident Nucleophiles - The Synthesis of Thiohydroxamic Acid O-Esters by Phase-Transfer Reactions (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: O-Alkylation ; Ambident nucleophile ; Thiazolethione ; Thiohydroxamic acid ; Phase-transfer reaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -O-Alkylation of cyclic thiohydroxamic acids 1 and 3-5 has been studied with a view to developing an efficient method for the synthesis of N-(alkoxy)pyridine-2(1H)-thiones and N-(alkoxy)thiazole-2(3H)-thiones. Four issues have been addressed and the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) Thiones 1 and 5 exist as O-H acids in the solid state. (ii) According to NMR investigations (1H, 13C), the thione structures should be largely retained in CDCl3, [D6]DMSO, and CD3OD solutions of acids 1, 3-5, as is also the case for pyridinethione salts 2a-h. (iii) O-Alkylation of pyridinethione salts occurs in competition with S-alkylation. Selective O-alkylation is however possible, if thiohydroxamate salts with large countercations, such as M = NBu4, are treated with hard alkylating reagents in polar aprotic media. (iv) As tetrabutylammonium thiohydroxamates, such as 2f, are highly useful in the synthesis of cyclic thiohydroxamic acid O-esters, we have developed an efficient protocol for the preparation of N-(alkoxy)pyridine-2(1H)-thiones directly from acid 1 using phase-transfer conditions (alkyl halide or sulfonic acid ester, CH3CN, K2CO3, Bu4NHSO4). This method has proved particularly successful for the synthesis of N-(alkoxy)thiazole-2(3H)-thiones 11, 20-28, which were obtained in yields of up to 87%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-vinylquinoxalines (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Tetrahydro-2-vinylquinoxaline ; Cyclization ; Palladium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -Reaction of (Z)-1,2-bis(methoxycarbonyloxy)but-2-ene (2) with various N,N-bis(arylsulfonyl)-o-phenylenediamines 1 was catalyzed by a palladium complex associated with chiral ligands to give optically active 1,4-bis(arylsulfonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-vinylquinoxalines 3 with up to 62% ee. The use of (S)-MeOBIPHEP as the chiral ligand and N,N-bis(p-tolylsulfonyl)-o-phenylenediamine (1i) as the nucleophile led to the highest ee at 25 °C, regardless of the solvent used. The enantioselectivity of the cyclization is strongly affected by the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atom.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 195
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    Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β-Fluoroalkyl γ-Butyrolactones by Sulfoxide-Directed Lactonization (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Fluorine ; Lactones ; Annulation ; Ketene ; Sulfoxides ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -Enantiomerically pure α,α-dichloro β-fluoroalkyl γ-p-tolylthio γ-butyrolactones trans-6a-c have been obtained with excellent stereocontrol (〉 98:2) and enantiomeric purity (〉 98:2) by sulfoxide-directed lactonization (Marino's annu-lation reaction) of β-fluoroalkyl vinyl sulfoxides (R)-(E)-5a-c with dichloroketene. Highly chemoselective dechlorination and desulfurization reactions performed on trans-6c efficiently provided the β-chlorodifluoromethyl γ-butyrolactone (S)-8c, the absolute stereochemistry of which was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of its γ-p-tolylthio precursor (2R,3S)-7c.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Reaction of Nitrosobenzene with 4-Methoxy-N-methyleneaniline (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Nitrosobenzene ; 4-Methoxy-N-methyleneaniline ; 1,3,5-Tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazinane ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -A 1:1 adduct produced in the reaction of nitrosobenzene (2) with 1,3,5-tris(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazinane (3) has been shown by X-ray diffraction structure analysis to be the N′-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenyl-N-oxyformamidinium species 5.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 197
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    A New Diastereoselective Synthesis of anti-α-Alkyl α-Hydroxy β-Amino Acids (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Alkylation ; Oxazolines ; anti-α-Alkyl α-hydroxy β-amino acids ; Lithium dianion ; Penicillin G acylase ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -As part of an ongoing project concerning the synthesis of enantiomerically pure α-hydroxy β-amino acids, we have now developed a general strategy allowing the synthesis of anti-α-alkyl α-hydroxy β-amino acids. Our procedure involves the intermediate formation of trans-oxazolines, which are alkylated at C-5 with good to high diastereoselectivity and then hydrolysed under mildly acidic conditions, affording in quantitative yield the corresponding hydroxy amides. The starting (R)-3-amino-3-phenylpropanoic acid and (S)-3-aminobutanoic acid were obtained in enantiomerically pure form by selective enzymatic hydrolysis of the corresponding phenylacetylamides with penicillin G acylase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Reaction of Acidic Anilines with (Z)-2-Butene-1,4-diyl Dicarbonate - Preparation of N-Aryl-4-vinyloxazolidin-2-ones (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Palladium catalysis ; Homogeneous catalysis ; Anilines ; Alkylation ; Oxazolidinones ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -Palladium-catalyzed reaction of acidic anilines with (Z)-2-butene-1,4-diyl dicarbonate affords N-aryl-4-vinyloxazolidin-2-ones. The success of the reaction depends on the acidity of the aniline and requires in situ conversion of the dicarbonate into carbamate carbonate by nucleophilic attack of the aniline conjugate base followed by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 199
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    Substituent Effects on the Vinylcyclopropane-Cyclopentene Rearrangement - A Theoretical Study by Restricted and Unrestricted Density Functional Theory (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Density functional calculations ; Vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement ; [1,3]-Sigmatropic shift ; Biradical-like transition structure ; Substituent effects ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The effect of donor substitution by the hydroxy group and of acceptor substitution by the cyano group on the activation energies of the vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement was calculated by the spin-restricted RB3LYP/6-31G* method for reactant structures and by the spin-unrestricted UB3LYP/6-31G* method for transition structures. The activation energies of the rearrangement of hydroxy- and cyano-substituted vinylcyclopropanes are very similar for substitution in the same position. In agreement with earlier findings the substituent effects on the activation energies are closely connected with the radical stabilizing properties of the substituents. As indicated by singlet/triplet splitting energies, the transition structures are essentially biradicaloid. In spite of spin pairing in the transition structure the substituent effects on bond lengths and on stabilization energies are very similar to those of the free radicals corresponding to the two radical substructures. Thus, the transition structures may be considered, in good approximation, as structures consisting of two weakly interacting radicals.Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under -http://www.wileY-Vch.de/contents/jc_2046/1999/98349_s.pdf or from the author.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses and Reactions of 1-Amino-2,2-dialkylcyclopropane-1-carbonitriles and -carboxamides - Potential Precursors of ACC Derivatives (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 239-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cyclopropanes ; Rearrangements ; Cyanohydrins ; Schiff bases ; Small ring systems ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: -The direct cyclization of 2-amino-4-chloro-3,3-dimethylbutanenitrile with potassium tert-butoxide in THF afforded 1-amino-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carbonitrile and a dimerization product. Various new cis- and trans-1-(tert-butylamino)-2-benzyl-2-methylcyclopropane-carbonitriles and© the corresponding cyclopropanecarboxamides have been synthesized, with focus on the isolation of the pure stereoisomeric cyclopropanecarboxamides. The relative configuration of the stereoisomers was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis of one of the model compounds. A new route to the latter functionalized cyclopropanes was developed by reaction of 1-methoxycyclopropylamines with potassium cyanide. Some remarkable rearrangements of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbonitriles into azetidine and oxazine derivatives via Favorskii-derived intermediates are reported. Various aspects of the chemistry of geminally functionalized cyclopropanes are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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