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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 127 (1999), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: Key words: Homogeneous trees ; Fourier analysis ; wave equation ; 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 43A85 ; 35L05; 39A12
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Let ? be a homogeneous tree, ℒbe the Laplace operator of ?, and b be the bottom of its L 2 spectrum. Let u be a solution of the (modified) wave equation on ?. Using Fourier analysis on ? we show that the energy of u is asymptotically divided into equal potential and kinetic parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of combinatorics 3 (1999), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 0219-3094
    Keywords: 60C05 ; 60G99 ; algebraic enumeration ; binary sequences ; set partitions into even-size blocks ; restricted set partitions ; finite residue classes modulo three ; moment ; centered moment ; cumulant ; bounds ; Fourier analysis ; Möbius inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A probability set function is interpretable as a probability distribution on binary sequences of fixed length. Cumulants of probability set functions enjoy particularly simple properties which make them more manageable than cumulants of general random variables. We derive some identities satisfied by cumulants of probability set functions which we believe to be new. Probability set functions may be expanded in terms of their cumulants. We derive an expansion which allows the construction of examples of probability set functions whose cumulants are arbitrary, restricted only by their absolute values. It is known that this phenomenon cannot occur for continuous probability distributions. Some particular examples of probability set functions are considered, and their cumulants are computed, leading to a conjecture on the upper bound of the values of cumulants. Moments of probability set functions determined by arithmetical conditions are computed in a final example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 1027-1034 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Kiefer ; Dental-CT ; Software ; Key words Mandible ; Maxilla ; Computed tomography ; Software ; Dental-CT ; Jaws ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Traditionally oral surgeons and dentists have evaluated the jaws using intraoral films and panoramic radiographs. The involvement of radiologists has been limited. In the past few years dedicated CT-software-programs developed to evaluate dental implant patients have provided a new look at the jaws. The complex anatomy is described and identified on human skulls and on axial, panoramic, and cross-sectional images. With this anatomic description Dental-CT-scans are used to demonstrate the anatomy of maxilla and the mandible. An overview of the technique of Dental-CT is provided, furthermore the radiation dose of different organs is explained. Suggestions to reduce these doses by simple modifications of the recommended procols are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung im Bereich der Computertomographiesoftware (Dental-CT) ermöglicht dem Radiologen zusätzlich zu den üblichen, von den Zahnärzten durchgeführten Röntgenuntersuchungen eine überlagerungs- und verzerrungsfreie Darstellung des Ober- und Unterkiefers. In der Implantologie ist mit dieser Darstellung eine exakte Planung möglich. Weiterhin haben sich Dünnschicht-CT-Untersuchungen auch bei der Abklärung von Zysten, Tumoren, Frakturen, tiefen Parodontitiden und retinierten Zähnen bewährt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Anatomie, die Untersuchungstechnik des Dental-CT und die auftretende Strahlenbelastung gegeben. Basierend auf rezente Literaturangaben kann eine Reduktion der absorbierten Dosis bei gleichbleibender Bildqualität durch einfache Protokollmodifikationen erzielt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 27 (1999), S. 23-43 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacodynamics ; indirect response models ; chronobiology ; cortisol ; fluticasone propionate ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six mathematical functions to describe the chronobiology of cortisol concentrations were assessed. Mean data from a dose-proportionality study of inhaled fluticasone propionate were fitted with an indirect response model using various biorhythmic functions (single cosine, dual ramps, dual zero-order, dual cosines, and Fourier series with 2 and n-harmonics) for production rate. Data with known parameters and random variation were also generated and fitted using the ADAPT II program. Fitted parameters, model estimation criteria, and runs tests were compared. Models with preassigned functions: the dual ramps, the dual zero-order and the dual cosines provide maximum and minimum times for cortisol release rate, were suitable for describing asymmetric circadian patterns and yielding IC50 values. Fourier analysis differs from the other methods in that it uses the placebo data to recover equations for cortisol secretion rate rather than by postulation. Nonlinear regression for Fourier analysis, instead of the L 2 -norm method, was useful to characterize the baseline cortisol data but was restricted to a maximum of two harmonics. Apart from the single cosine function, which predicts symmetrical cortisol concentrations, all methods were satisfactory in describing the baseline and suppressed cortisol concentrations. On the other hand, Fourier series with L 2 -norm produced the best unbiased estimate for baseline patterns. The Fourier method is flexible, accurate, and can be extended to other drug-induced changes in normal periodic rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words groundwater hydraulics ; transport system ; flow system ; Fourier analysis ; dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse des hydrosystèmes souterrains est basée sur le concept de systèmes hiérarchiques d'écoulement souterrain. La topographie de la surface piézométrique, qui est étroitement liée à celle de la surface du sol, est le facteur principal de l'emboîtement hiérarchique des écoulements souterrains, gouvernés par la gravité, ce qui fait apparaître des systèmes d'écoulement de différentes échelles en étendue et en profondeur de pénétration. Le concept de système d'écoulement est extrêmement utile pour analyser les échelles spatiales et temporelles et leurs relations mutuelles. Les équations de base correspondant à l'échelle du laboratoire sont étendues à des échelles régionales, plus vastes. L'utilisation de la méthode de Fourier met mieux en valeur l'idée originale de Tóth de systèmes d'écoulement commandés par la topographie. De cette façon, les différentes échelles spatiales de la nappe sont séparées naturellement, en donnant une expression simple pour la profondeur de pénétration du système d'écoulement souterrain. Cette décomposition fournit aussi la relation entre les échelles spatiale et temporelle. Dans une approche analogue à celle des systèmes d'écoulement, des masses d'eaux de qualités différentes peuvent être appelées "systèmes de transport". Des études de terrain, une modélisation numérique à micro-échelle sur des domaines à macro-échelle et la théorie de la dispersion stochastique indiquent qu'entre des systèmes soumis à un transport en régime permanent, les interfaces sont relativement minces. Les interfaces sont beaucoup plus minces que les zones de mélange relativement étendues prédites par l'approche conventionnelle de l'ingénierie pour la macro-dispersion, dans laquelle on applique des longueurs de macro-dispersion, indépendant du temps et relativement étendues. Une approche d'ingénierie alternative, relativement simple, est présentée. Pour la macro-dispersion de la propagation de panaches de soluté, le terme alternatif de dispersion donne les mêmes résultats que l'approche d'ingénierie conventionnelle et donne des résultats corrects pour le transport en régime permanent.
    Abstract: Resumen El análisis de los sistemas de flujo se basa en el concepto de modelos jerárquicos de aguas subterráneas. La topografía del nivel freático, estrechamente relacionada con la topografía de superficie, es uno de los factores principales en la continuidad jerárquica del flujo subterráneo gravífico, dando lugar a sistemas de flujo con distintos órdenes de magnitud en lo que respecta a extensión lateral y profundidad. El concepto de sistemas de flujo es extremadamente útil para el análisis de las escalas espacial y temporal y de sus interrelaciones. Las ecuaciones básicas deducidas a escala de laboratorio se extienden a escalas regionales. Mediante análisis de Fourier se llega al esquema original de Tóth de sistemas de flujo dominados por la topografía. De esta manera, las diferentes escalas espaciales del nivel freático quedan separadas de manera natural, lo que conduce a una expresión simple para la profundidad de penetración en un sistema de flujo. Esta descomposición conduce además a una relación ente las escalas espacial y temporal. De manera análoga a los sistemas de flujo, los cuerpos de agua de distinta calidad química pueden llamarse "sistemas de transporte". Tanto los estudios de campo como los modelos numéricos regionales con discretización a microescala, o la teoría estocástica de la dispersión indican que, para los sistemas con transporte estacionarios, las interfaces son bastante delgadas; más delgadas, por ejemplo, que las predichas por un tratamiento convencional de la macrodispersión, donde se utilizan valores relativamente grandes e independientes del tiempo. El estudio de la macrodispersión de penachos contaminantes se realiza mediante un modelo alternativo simple, donde el término alternativo de dispersión da los mismos resultados que los modelos convencionales.
    Notes: Abstract  Flow-system analysis is based on the concept of hierarchical groundwater flow systems. The topography of the water table, which is strongly related to the topography of the land surface, is a major factor in the hierarchical nesting of gravity-driven groundwater flow, resulting in flow systems of different orders of magnitude in lateral extent and depth of penetration. The concept of flow systems is extremely useful in the analysis of spatial and temporal scales and their mutual relationships. Basic equations on the laboratory scale are extended to larger, regional scales. Making use of Fourier analysis further develops Tóth's original idea of topography-driven flow systems. In this way, the different spatial scales of the water table are separated in a natural way, leading to a simple expression for the penetration depth of a flow system. This decomposition leads also to the relationship between spatial and temporal scales. Analogous to flow systems, water bodies with different water quality may be called 'transport systems.' Field studies, numerical micro-scale modeling over macro-scale domains, and stochastic dispersion theory indicate that between systems with steady transport, the interfaces are relatively thin. The interfaces are much thinner than the relatively large mixing zones predicted by the conventional engineering approach to macrodispersion, in which relatively large, time-independent macrodispersion lengths are applied. A relatively simple alternative engineering approach is presented. For macrodispersion of propagating solute plumes, the alternative dispersion term gives the same results as the conventional engineering approach and gives correct results for steady-state transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 99 (1999), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: evoked responses ; ERG ; Fourier analysis ; pattern ERG ; steady-state ; VEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourier analysis is a powerful tool in signal analysis that can be very fruitfully applied to steady-state evoked potentials (flicker ERG, pattern ERG, VEP, etc.). However, there are some inherent assumptions in the underlying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that are not necessarily fulfilled in typical electrophysiological recording and analysis conditions. Furthermore, engineering software-packages may be ill-suited and/or may not fully exploit the information of steady-state recordings. Specifically: • In the case of steady-state stimulation we know more about the stimulus than in standard textbook situations (exact frequency, phase stability), so `windowing' and calculation of the `periodogram' are not necessary. • It is mandatory to choose an integer relationship between sampling rate and frame rate when employing a raster-based CRT stimulator. • The analysis interval must comprise an exact integer number (e.g., 10) of stimulus periods. • The choice of the number of stimulus periods per analysis interval needs a wise compromise: A high number increases the frequency resolution, but makes artifact removal difficult; a low number `spills' noise into the response frequency. • There is no need to feel tied to a power-of-two number of data points as required by standard FFT, `resampling' is an easy and efficient alternative. • Proper estimates of noise-corrected Fourier magnitude and statistical significance can be calculated that take into account the non-linear superposition of signal and noise. These aspects are developed in an intuitive approach with examples using both simulations and recordings. Proper use of Fourier analysis of our electrophysiological records will reduce recording time and/or increase the reliability of physiologic or pathologic interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 67-91 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 43A30 ; 43A65 ; 43A85 ; 68T10 ; 68U10 ; Fourier analysis ; irreducible representations of the groupSL(2, ℂ) ; harmonic analysis onSL(2, ℂ) ; projectively invariant classification of patterns ; projectively adapted pattern representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Among all image transforms, the classical (Euclidean) Fourier transform has had the widest range of applications in image processing. Here its projective analogue, given by the double cover groupSL(2, ℂ) of the projective groupPSL(2, ℂ) for patterns, is developed. First, a projectively invariant classification of patterns is constructed in terms of orbits of the groupPSL(2, ℂ) acting on the image plane (with complex coordinates) by linear-fractional transformations. Then,SL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, in the noncompact picture of induced representations, is used to decompose patterns into the components invariant under irreducible representations of the principal series ofSL(2, ℂ). Usefulness in digital image processing problems is studied by providing a camera model in which the action ofSL(2, ℂ) on the complex image plane corresponds to, and exhausts, planar central projections as produced when aerial images of the same scene are taken from different vantage points. The projectively adapted properties of theSL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, as applied to the problems, in image processing, are confirmed by computational tests. Therefore, it should be an important step in developing a system for automated perspective-independent object recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 436-443 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Uncertainty ; Expert system ; Software ; Accreditation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  An important part of quality assurance in any analytical laboratory is the production of comprehensive results integrating uncertainty measurements. Many testing laboratories face the problem that the expenditure required to evaluate small uncertainties (high precision and high accuracy) is often uneconomic. In most cases an uncertainty of high reliability has to be calculated from only a few data (one calibration, few replications, etc.). This problem can be solved by an expert system. To achieve this the analytical procedure has to be structured into a dialouge and divided into parts. The uncertainty has to be calculated for each part of the procedure. Addition of the individual uncertainties results in the combined and expanded uncertainty. During the dialouge the system should advise the analyst how to get an efficient and effective calculation of uncertainty. All calculations, mathematical and statistical procedures have to be surveyable but running the system should not be too time consuming for economic reasons. Within the scope of the EURECA-project initiated by the Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (EMPA), St. Gallen, Switzerland, expert system software is being developed in cooperation with other research institutes and manufacturers of analytical instruments. Using this software it will be possible to calculate the uncertainty for analytical procedures such as titration, atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and gas- and liquid chromatography (GC, HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Installation and operational qualification are important steps in the overall validation and qualification process for software and computer systems. This article guides users of such systems step by step through the installation and operational qualification procedures. It provides guidelines on what should be tested and documented during installation prior to routine use. The author also presents procedures for the qualification of software using chromatographic data systems and a network server for central archiving as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Qualitätssicherung ; technisches System ; Software ; Sicherheit ; Zuverlässigkeit ; Messung ; Test ; Key words  Quality assurance ; Technical system ; Software ; Safety ; Reliability ; Measure ; Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary   Quality assurance of software-based systems requires a comprehensive approach and techniques that can be applied to different components, e.g., software, electronic components, technical processes. To satisfy economical and technical requirements demands adequate solutions. In the following several problem areas and approaches are discussed. The techniques include formally complete safety proofs, statistical analysis of measures, e.g., reliability measures, and informal, but systematic test techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung   Die Qualitätssicherung Software-basierter technischer Systeme erfordert ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweisen und Techniken, die auf unterschiedlich realisierte Systemkomponenten - z.B. Software, elektronische Komponenten, technische Prozesse - gleichermaßen anzuwenden sind. Eine ökonomisch und technisch sinnvolle Qualitätssicherung fordert die Verwendung angepaßter Lösungen. Im folgenden werden Problembereiche umrissen und exemplarische Lösungsansätze diskutiert. Es werden Techniken vorgestellt, die von formal vollständigen Sicherheitsnachweisen über statistisch abgesicherte Analysen von Maßen (z.B. Zuverlässigkeitsmaßen) bis zu informalen, aber systematischen Prüftechniken reichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 779-782 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bibliographie ; Software ; Literaturdatenbanken ; Publizieren ; Key words Bibliography ; Software ; Reference management systems ; Publishing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung A good reference management program should make it easy to record the elements of a reference: author’s name, year of publication, title of article, etc. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. There are many computer programs, but very few stand out as truly useful, time saving, and work enhancing. One of them is EndNote-EndLink. We want to report our experience with this database manager. The functions and the use of the software package EndNote 2.3 for Windows are described. You can create your database or you can download batches of references from one of the popular searching services (e.g. MEDLINE). When you want to cite a reference you simply paste the reference wherever you want your in-text citation to appear. To prepare the bibliography, EndNote scans your article, replaces the place holders with citations and prints the list of references at the end of the manuscript, according with the style that you have chosen. Altogether EndNote provides an excellent combination of features and ease of use.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein gutes Programm zur Referenzierung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur weist folgende Eigenschaften auf: Die bibliographischen Angaben (Name des Autors, Publikationsjahr, Titel der Arbeit usw.) können problemlos gespeichert werden, mit den Suchfunktionen findet man schnell die entsprechenden Referenzen, und gemeinsam mit Textverarbeitungsprogrammen kann unter Berücksichtigung verschiedenster Zeitschriftenrichtlinien ein Literaturverzeichnis erstellt werden. Es gibt viele diesbezügliche Computerprogramme, aber nur wenige, die brauchbar, zeitsparend und arbeitserleichternd sind. Eines von diesen ist EndNote-EndLink. Wir wollen über unsere eigenen Erfahrungen mit diesem Referenzmanager berichten. Die Arbeitsweise des Referenzmanagers EndNote 2.3 für Windows wird beschrieben. Mit dem Referenzmanager können bibliographische Daten von Zeitschriftenaufsätzen, Büchern, Buchbeiträgen, Dissertationen und Kongreßdaten erfaßt werden. Außerdem können Daten von anderen Datenbanken, wie beispielsweise MEDLINE, importiert werden. Bei der Erstellung eines Literaturverzeichnisses braucht man die jeweilige Literaturstelle nur zu kopieren und dann an der entsprechenden Stelle in den Text einzufügen. Der Text wird durch EndNote bearbeitet, die Intext-Citations umgewandelt und das Literaturverzeichnis entsprechend den gewünschten Anforderungen erstellt. Zusammenfassend kann EndNote als ein herausragendes und benutzerfreundliches Arbeitsinstrument charakterisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 8 (1998), S. 99-130 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: superposition of periodic structures ; moiré effect ; Fourier analysis ; geometry of numbers ; spectrum support ; dense spectrum ; discrete spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach is presented for investigating the superposition of any number of periodic structures, and the moiré effects which may result. This approach, which is based on an algebraic analysis of the Fourier-spectrum using concepts from the theory of geometry of numbers, fully explains the properties of the superposition of periodic layers and of their moiré effects. It provides the fundamental notations and tools for investigating, both in the spectral domain and in the image domain, properties of the superposition as a whole (such as periodicity or almost-periodicity), and properties of each of the individual moirés generated in the superposition (such as their profile forms and intensity levels, their singular states, etc.). This new, rather unexpected combination of Fourier theory and geometry of numbers proves very useful, and it offers a profound insight into the structure of the spectrum of the layer superposition and the corresponding properties back in the image domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Software quality journal 7 (1998), S. 107-122 
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: Software ; Process Improvement ; Personal ; Rapid Application Development ; Defect ; Metrics ; Reviews
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Software organizations can significantly improve the quality of their output if they have a defined and documented software process, together with the appropriate techniques and tools to measure its effectiveness. Without a defined process it is impossible to measure success or focus on how development capability can be enhanced. To date, a number of software process improvement frameworks have been developed and implemented. However, most of these models have been targeted at large-scale producers. Furthermore, they have applied to companies who use traditional development techniques. Smaller companies and those operating in development areas where speed of delivery is paramount have not, as yet, had process improvement paradigms available for adoption. This study examined the software process in a small company and emerged with the recommendation of the use of the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) and the Personal Software Process (PSP) for achieving software process improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 360-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Software and computer systems are tested during all development phases. The user requirements and functional specifications documents are reviewed by programmers and typical anticipated users. The design specifications are reviewed by peers in one to two day sessions and the source code is inspected by peers, if necessary. Finally, the function and performance of the system is tested by typical anticipated users outside the development department in a real laboratory environment. All development phases including test activities and the final release follow a well-documented procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 1 (1997), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Evolution ; Software ; Artificial life ; Natural selection ; Artificial selection ; Evolvability ; Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A review of efforts to implement the process of evolution in a computational medium. The review will cover prominent examples, and discuss the major classes of implementations, their successes, and the obstacles they face.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
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    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 29 (1997), S. 953-962 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: time series ; Fourier analysis ; cyclolhems ; Pennsylvanian stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several stratigraphic sequences in the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) in Kansas (Midcontinent, USA) were analyzed quantitatively for periodic repetitions. The sequences were coded by lithologic type into strings of datasets. The strings then were analyzed by an adaptation of a one-dimensional Fourier transform analysis and examined for evidence of periodicity. The method was tested using different states in coding to determine the robustness of the method and data. The most persistent response is in multiples of 8–10 ft (2.5–3.0 m) and probably is dependent on the depositional thickness of the original lithologic units. Other cyclicities occurred in multiples of the basic frequency of 8–10 with persistent ones at 22 and 30 feet (6.5–9.0 m) and large ones at 80 and 160 feet (25–50 m). These levels of thickness relate well to the basic cyclothem and megacyclothem as measured on outcrop. We propose that this approach is a suitable one for analyzing cyclic events in the stratigraphic record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Instrumentation ; Installation qualification ; Acceptance testing ; Validation ; Software ; Performance control ; Performance verification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The quality process for commercial analytical equipment starts with the selection of the vendor. It is recommended that vendors be selected who are recognized as having quality processes in place for instrument design, development, manufacturing, testing, service, and support, for example, ISO 9001 registration. When the instrument arrives in the laboratory, the installation process should follow well-documented procedures. This includes a visual inspection that the instrument is not damaged and checking that the instrument, documentation and accessories such as cables and tubings are complete. Before the instrument is used it should be verified that it meets functional and performance specification. During operation the instruments should be periodically inspected and tested, verified to meet performance, and calibrated. The instrument should be labeled with the calibration status, indicating the dates of the last successful and the next performance verification and calibration. Defective instruments should be removed from the testing area or should at least be labeled as being "out of order."
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 807-821 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Plasma flow ; magnetohydrodynamics ; PACS 52.70 ; Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Disruptive instabilities were investigated in the small-tokamak TBR-1 during the application of resonant helical magnetic fields created by external helical windings. Indications were found that the main triggering mechanism of the disruption was the rapid increase of them=2/n=1 mode which, apparently after reaching a certain amplitude, interacts with other resistive modes: the internal 1/1 mode in the case of a major disruption, or with higherm components, as the 3/1 or 4/1, in the case of minor disruptions. After the coupling, the growth of the associated islands would create a chaotic field line distribution in the region between the corresponding rational magnetic surfaces which caused the gross particle transport and, finally, destroyed the confinement. In addition, investigations on higherZ eff discharges in which a mixture of helium and hydrogen was used resulted in much more unstable plasmas but apparently did not alter the basic characteristics of the disruptions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of biomolecular NMR 8 (1996), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Linear prediction ; FFT ; Maximum entropy ; Signal processing ; MaxEnt ; Software ; Command language ; Graphic user interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The Gifa program is designed for processing, displaying and analysing 1D, 2D and 3D NMR data sets. It has been constructed in a modular fashion, based on three independent modules: a set of commands that perform all the basic processing operations such as apodisation functions, a complete set of Fourier Transforms, phasing and baseline correction, peak-picking and line fitting, linear prediction and maximum entropy processing; a set of command language primitives that permit the execution of complex macro commands; and a set of graphic commands that permit to build a complete graphic user interface, allowing the user to interact easily with the program. We have tried to create a versatile program that can be easily extended according to the user's requirements and that is adapted to a novice as well as an experienced user. The program runs on any UNIX computer, with or without graphic display, in interactive or batch mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational complexity 5 (1995), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 1420-8954
    Keywords: Lower-bound ; complexity ; Fourier analysis ; 68Q25 ; 68Q99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We use Fourier analysis to get general lower bounds for the probabilistic communication complexity of large classes of functions. We give some examples showing how to use our method in some known cases and for some new functions. Our main tool is an inequality by Kahn, Kalai, and Linial, derived from two lemmas of Beckner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia Instrumental assessment ; Movement disorders Digital image processing ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was performed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new device for the assessment of oral dyskinesias by means of digital image processing. Twenty schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and ten healthy controls were studied. In patients instrumental scores were compared to different clinical rating scale scores. Measurements were repeated after 2 weeks under the same circumstances to assess test-retest stability. Instrumental scores discriminated well between normal subjects and dyskinetic patients and correlated significantly with clinical ratings (r=0.63). The test-retest correlations showed a correspondence not larger than 40%, detecting thus the fluctuation of the TD intensity over time. These results suggest that our device is a reliable and easy to handle technique for the assessment of TD. Furthermore, the ability of the device to analyze the frequency distribution of movements makes it a useful tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of TD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: heart rate ; diabetic neuropathies ; Fourier analysis ; parasympathetic nervous system ; sympathetic nervous system ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 24 subjects with type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. Cardiac parasympathetic function was measured by supine heart rate variability (HRV) in the respiratory frequency 0.10–0.50 Hz and the sympathetic index was measured as the ratio of HRV between 0.055 and 0.098 Hz to that between 0.004 and 0.5 Hz. Factors assessing diabetic control and complications, and factors unrelated to diabetes but possibly influencing HRV, were recorded. Association with depressed HRV was assessed with correlation, and prediction of depressed HRV was determined with multiple regression. Factors associated with depressed HRV but not independently predictive were renal dysfunction and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin was not significantly correlated with depressed HRV. Four factors (presence of diabetic retinopathy, male gender, duration of diabetes and increasing age) were significant in the regression and sufficed to predict 81% of the sample variance. The relative weights (β) were −0.65, 0.40, −0.40 and 0.26, respectively. Supine sympathetic index was not sufficient to demonstrate sympathetic dysfunction. It is proposed that the regression model may be used to identify patients likely to have cardiac parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 90 (1995), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; Naka-Rushton equation ; Obesity surgical therapy ; Oscillatory potentials ; Vitamin A deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New possible causes and unexplored aspects of the electroretinogram were evaluated in a case of vitamin A deficiency secondary to surgical therapy for morbid obesity. The Naka-Rushton equation, applied to the scotopic b-wave, demonstrated the quantal catch reduction caused by the loss of rhodopsin in the outer segment of photoreceptors. Study of the Fourier analysis of the photopic 20-Hz response suggested a primary involvement of the external retinal layers, with an indirect alteration of the inner layer. The electroretinogram oscillatory potentials showed alterations explained by the involvement of their generators related to the primary photoreceptor lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 482-490 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Transparency ; Opacity ; Scaling ; Cataract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Power law analysis provides a quantitative method for characterization of spatial fluctuations in the cellular microstructure of the ocular lens. In the power law analysis, Fourier components of the spatial fluctuations are computed, and the relationship between the amplitude, A, and spatial frequency, f, of the components is defined by a power law function: |A|2≈(1/f)β. The exponent of the function, β, defines the scaling of the amplitude of the Fourier components as a function of spatial frequency. We performed two-dimensional power law analysis on electron micrographs of lens cells ranging from transparent to opaque. We identified two values of power law exponent, β, for the spatial fluctuations of all lens cells, one for low-and a second for high-spatial frequencies. In the low-spatial frequency region, the value of β was in the range of 0.53 to 1.33, for transparent and opaque cells. In the high-spatial frequency region, the value of β increased from 2.78 for transparent lens cells to 3.60 for opaque lens cells. The power law analysis provides a new method for quantitative characterization of the spatial fluctuations in the microstructure of transparent and opaque lens cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 772-786 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Spatial co-occurrence matrix ; Fourier analysis ; Image processing ; Textural analysis ; Protein distribution ; Superfusion ; Aging ; Entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many pathologies are age-related, e.g., cardiovascular disease generally occurs in midlife and cancer later in life. This suggests that aging predisposes the body to pathology. Plasma protein spatial distribution images of rat mesentery extracellular matrix (ECM) show texture due to the ECM structures, and there is an age-related decrease in tissue protein that may be related to matrix structure changes. The objective of this study was to compare changes in protein image texture under two conditions: superfusion with normal saline solution and aging. The decrease in soluble protein concentration during superfusion is a washout process, while the mechanism for the age-related decrease in tissue protein is unknown. Therefore, effects of aging and superfusion on tissue protein image texture were compared. Spatial co-occurence matrix and Fourier analysis techniques have been used for texture evaluation. Superfused images showed a more uniform protein texture. There were gradual age-related changes in image texture parameters. Entropy increased with age from 140 to 630 days, indicating that protein distribution became more disorganized. The results suggest that changes in protein image texture are due to age-related alterations in matrix structure because removing only protein by superfusion had opposite effects on texture parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 371-397 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Helmholtz equation ; least squares ; Galerkin method ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a Galerkin least-squares (GLS) finite element method, in which residuals in least-squares form are added to the standard Galerkin variational equation, is developed to solve the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions. An important feature of GLS methods is the introduction of a local mesh parameter that may be designed to provide accurate solutions with relatively coarse meshes. Previous work has accomplished this for the one-dimensional Helmholtz equation using dispersion analysis. In this paper, the selection of the GLS mesh parameter for two dimensions is considered, and leads to elements that exhibit improved phase accuracy. For any given direction of wave propagation, an optimal GLS mesh parameter is determined using two-dimensional Fourier analysis. In general problems, the direction of wave propagation will not be known a priori. In this case, an optimal GLS parameter is found which reduces phase error for all possible wave vector orientations over elements. The optimal GLS parameters are derived for both consistent and lumped mass approximations. Several numerical examples are given and the results compared with those obtained from the Galerkin method. The extension of GLS to higher-order quadratic interpolations is also presented.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1003-1022 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible flow ; mixed formulations ; stabilized algorithms ; Fourier analysis ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a method to assess the stability of pairs of interpolation spaces for mixed formulations. The method is based on a straightforward calculation of the eigenvalues of the discrete matrices through Fourier decomposition in plane waves and is intended to give, via straightforward numerical computations, a sharper determination of stability than the well-known ‘patch test’ of Zienkiewicz et al. Special attention is devoted to the study of stability and accuracy of equal-order interpolations.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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