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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1890-1899
  • 1997  (7)
  • genetic engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is there any possibility of detecting the use of genetic engineering in processed foods? (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Detection method ; genetic engineering ; polymerase chain reaction ; processed food ; Gentechnik ; Nachweisverfahren ; Polymerasekettenreaktion ; verarbeitete Lebensmittel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bier, Sojaöl, verarbeitete Tomaten- (Ketchup, Mark, Pizzatomaten, Schältomaten, Suppe) und Kartoffelprodukte (Pommes frites, Chips, Püree, Mehl, Stärke, Bratkartoffeln) sowie ein Enzympräparat (Natuphos) wurden mittels PCR daraufhin untersucht, ob ein Nachweis des Einsatzes der Gentechnik bei ihrer Herstellung möglich ist. PCR-fähige DNA ließ sich aus Pizzatomaten, Schältomaten, Pommes frites, Bratkartoffeln, Kartoffelmehl und Kartoffelchips isolieren, so daß der Nachweis des Einsatzes der Gentechnik bei deren Herstellung möglich wird. Bestimmte Biere (Pils, Export, Nutfield lyte), Sojaöl, Tomatensuppe, Kartoffelstärke, Kartoffelpüree und Natuphos entziehen sich einem solchen Nachweis, da die PCR-Analyse keine Hinweise auf das Vorliegen von DNA in diesen Produkten ergab. Daß das durchgeführte Nachweisverfahren grundsätzlich in der Lage ist, geringe Mengen an DNA auch in diesen Produkten spezifisch nachzuweisen, wurde nach Zugabe vonEscherichia coli DNA bestätigt.
    Notes: Summary To elucidate if there is any possibility to identify highly processed foods as produced through genetic engineering, beer, soya bean oil, processed tomato (ketch-up, paste, pizza tomatoes, peeled tomatoes, soup) and potato (french fries, crisps, mashed potatoes, flour, starch, fried potatoes) products as well as an enzyme preparation (Natuphos) were investigated by PCR. In pizza tomatoes, peeled tomatoes, french fries, fried potatoes, potato flour and potato crisps DNA suitable for PCR was found. Therefore, it is possible to identify these products as produced through genetic engineering. Such an identification is impossible in certain beers (pilsener, export, Nutfield lyte), soya bean oil, tomato soup, potato starch, mashed potatoes and Natuphos since PCR-analysis gave no indication of the presence of DNA in these products. As it was shown by addingEscherichia coli DNA the used method is, in principle, capable of detecting specifically small amounts of DNA in such products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01611394
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of bacteria and their potential for Hg2+ bioremediation (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; genetic engineering ; mercury bioaccumulation ; mercury transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Ion exchange or biosorptive processes for metalremoval generally lack specificity in metal bindingand are sensitive to ambient conditions, e.g. pH,ionic strength and the presence of metal chelators. Inthis study, cells of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain, JM109, which expressesmetallothionein and a Hg2+ transport system afterinduction were evaluated for their selectivity forHg2+ accumulation in the presence of sodium,magnesium, or cadmium ions and their sensitivity to pHor the presence of metal chelators during Hg2+bioaccumulation. The genetically engineered E.coli cells in suspension accumulated Hg2+effectively at low concentrations (0-20 µM) overa broad range of pH (3 to 11). The presence of 400 mMsodium chloride, 200 mM magnesium chloride, or100 µM cadmium ions did not have a significanteffect on the bioaccumulation of 5 µm Hg2+,indicating that this process is not sensitive to highionic strength and is highly selective against sodium,magnesium, or cadmium ions. Metal chelators usuallyinterfere with ion exchange or biosorptive processes.However, two common metal chelators, EDTA and citrate,had no significant effect on Hg2+ bioaccumulationby the genetically engineered strain. These resultssuggest that this E. coli strain could be usedfor selective removal of Hg2+ from waste water orfrom contaminated solutions which are resistant tocommon treatments. A second potential applicationwould be to remove Hg2+ from Hg2+-contaminated soil, sediment, or particulates bywashing them with a Hg2+ chelator andregenerating the chelator by passing the solutionthrough a reactor containing the strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008233704719
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineered cell lines for insulin replacement in diabetes: current status and future prospects (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. S42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin ; genetic engineering ; cell lines ; transplantation ; molecular biology.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The recently completed diabetes complications and control trial has highlighted the need for improvement of insulin delivery systems for treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Despite steady improvement in methods for islet and whole pancreas transplantation over the past three decades, the broad-scale applicability of these approaches remains uncertain due in part to the difficulty and expense associated with procurement of functional tissue. To address this concern, we and others have been using the tools of molecular biology to develop cell lines with regulated insulin secretion that might serve as a surrogate for primary islets or pancreas tissue in transplantation therapy. This article seeks to provide a brief summary of the current status of this growing field, with a particular emphasis on progress in producing cell lines with appropriate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: S 42–S 47]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051398
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant nutrition in the 20th and perspectives for the 21st century (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 196 (1997), S. 163-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: fertilizers ; food production ; genetic engineering ; macronutrients ; micronutrients ; nutrient absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper briefly presents the knowledge of plant nutrition in 1900 and its expansion since then in two areas - the discovery of the micronutrients and the absorption of nutrients from soils. Application of macro- and micronutrient fertilizers has contributed substantially to the huge increase in world food production experienced this century. In developed countries, excessive fertilizer use has led to serious problems of nutrient pollution; here, plant nutritionists will be concerned with monitoring nutrient status of crops and soils to maintain crop production with minimum loss of nutrients to the environment, and development of cultivars with high nutrient efficiency in soils with luxury supplies of nutrients. In many developing countries, soil infertility limits productivity; here, plant nutritional research can raise productivity by diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and toxicities of crops on previously unfertilized soils, their correction with minimal fertilizer and treatment costs, and development of cultivars with high nutrient efficiency in deficient soils and high tolerance of natural toxicities. The pre-occupation of developed countries with pollution is blinding them to the urgent needs of developing countries for fertilizers and fertilizer research to increase crop production ha-1 as an alternative to clearing more land.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004208621263
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rice transformation: bombardment (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 35 (1997), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; particle bombardment ; plant biotechnology ; transgenic rice ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bombardment-based methodology is responsible for the effective genetic manipulation of major cereals including rice. Many groups reported significant advances on various aspects of rice molecular biology and genetic engineering using procedures based on bombardment technology. Molecular and genetic characterization of large numbers of these plants (more than 500 independent transgenic plants) provided information on structure, expression and stability of integrated DNA through multiple generations. Such evaluations were carried out in the greenhouse and in the field. Stability of expression was found to be dependent on the nature of the promoter and the transgene, and in specific cases on gene copy number. Direct DNA transfer utilizing particle bombardment for the delivery of foreign DNA into rice tissue results in the recovery of large numbers of independently derived transgenic plants in a variety-independent fashion. Gene copy number, level and stability of expression of transgenes can be compared to other DNA delivery methods, direct or indirect, including Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. In this paper, the technology is summarized and discussed in terms of present and future applications, including field trials and potential commercialization of transgenic rice expressing a number of genes of agronomic interest such as pest and herbicide resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005791230345
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nif gene transfer and expression in chloroplasts: Prospects and problems (1997)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 194 (1997), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chloroplast ; genetic engineering ; nif genes ; nitrogenase ; plant transformation ; plastid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The engineering of plants capable of fixing their own nitrogen is an extremely complex task, requiring the co-ordinated and regulated expression of 16 nif genes in an appropriate cellular location. We suggest that plastids may provide a favourable environment for nif gene expression provided that the nitrogenase enzyme can be protected from oxygen damage. Using the non-heterocystous cyanobacteria as a model, we argue that photosynthesis could be temporally separated from nitrogen fixation in chloroplasts by restricting nitrogenase synthesis to the dark period. We report preliminary data on the introduction and expression of one of nitrogenase components, the Fe protein, in transgenic tobacco and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Finally we discuss potential avenues for further research in this area and the prospects for achieving the ultimate goal of expressing active nitrogenase in cereal crops such as rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004296703638
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondria transfer into mouse ova by microinjection (1997)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 6 (1997), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; heteroplasmy ; mouse ; mitochondria ; mitochondria transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method for mitochondria isolation and interspecific transfer of mitochondria was developed in mice. Mitochondria were isolated from Mus spretus liver samples for microinjection into fertilized ova obtained from superovulated M. musculus domesticus females. Electron microscopic observations of mitochondria preparations used for microinjection demonstrated intact mitochondrial vesicles with little microsomal contamination. Species-specific nested PCR primers complementary to sequence differences in the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region revealed high rates of successful transfer of foreign mitochondria after isolation and injection into zygotes cultured through the blastocyst stage of embryonic development. Of 217 zygotes, 67 survived mitochondria injection and 23 out of 37 zygotes developed were at the blastocyst-stage of embryonic development after 4.5 days of in vitro culture. All 23 of these blastocysts contained detectable levels of foreign mitochondria. These results represent an initial step in developing a model system to study mitochondrial dynamics and development of therapeutic strategies for human metabolic diseases affected by aberrations in mitochondrial function or mutation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018431316831
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