Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Electronic Resource  (39,704)
  • 2000-2004  (39,704)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1890-1899
  • 2002  (39,704)
Source
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organizational Differentiation through Badging: Investors in People and the Value of the Sign (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper explores the meaning of the state–sponsored initiative for people management, Investors in People (IiP), through deconstruction of the signifiers that represent its articulation. Semiotic analysis is employed in order to consider the sign–value that is associated with IiP and to explore the symbolic meaning of cultural artefacts, such as ‘the badge’ and ‘the flag’, which feature in the experience of managers and employees in six case study organizations. This post–structuralist approach enables us to focus on the discursive construction of textual meaning surrounding IiP as a ‘readerly’ as well as a writerly project. It is suggested that organizations are subject to a process of image production and consumption. This process requires them to seek differentiation from other organizations by acquiring quality initiatives that constitute a system of objects. In particular, the meaning of IiP signifiers as emblems of achievement is explored and the extent to which these become simulacra is considered. It is argued that there is a significant gap between writerly intentions as to what quality initiatives ought to signify and their organizational, context–bound, indeterminate meanings. By elucidating the conditions of IiP's signification it is shown that this discourse has the potential to undermine the very philosophy it asserts. Finally, drawing on this analysis, we outline the way that badge acquisition develops over time through processes of accumulation and adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00324
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corporate Environmental Paradigms in Shift: Learning During the Course of Action at UPM–Kymmene (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Contrary to the popular conception in the corporate environmental management literature that corporations must learn new ecocentric paradigms before they can be expected to produce environmentally sound performance, the present results suggest that cognitive–level environmental learning in organizations does not inevitably precede behaviour change. Rather, at least partially, such learning is likely to occur in the course of action. The article also proposes that external pressure can set motion, but it alone does not lead to an environmental paradigm shift. In order to undergo such a shift, organizations will have to learn a meaning of their own to support new, more environmentally sound forms of activity.The present study examines empirically how two companies have learnt to incorporate environmental considerations into their managerial paradigms. It adopts a perspective according to which learning is portrayed as a process in which changes are brought about in the collective beliefs that the organization members hold about the relationship of their business to the natural environment (i.e. environmental management paradigm). Applying the grounded theory approach, the article identifies phases of environmental learning starting from the recognition or rejection of weak signals in ‘pockets’ of the organization, continuing through the gaining of new knowledge and experience towards ‘competition’ between old and new assumptions about the business–environment relationship, and finally proceeding to potential frame–break.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00325
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Index for Volume 39 2002 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00329
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping Management Development Practice (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Research on management development has been characterized by broad surveys of training activity, in–depth analyses of development methods and, more occasionally, attempts to evaluate the impact of training investment. The result is a fragmentary picture of management development practice, providing incomplete insight into why certain policies and activities succeed or fail. Drawing upon a large sample of those responsible for human resource development in their organizations, this paper proposes a theoretical framework which attempts to identify the key variables in a more coherent and comprehensive manner. The HRM context of a firm is found to be highly responsible for the management development processes it adopts; the amount of training undertaken is largely determined by priority, and, in turn, amount is the key determinant of perceived success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00327
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formal Mentoring Systems: An Examination of the Effects of Mentor/Protégé Cognitive Styles on the Mentoring Process (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In informal mentoring systems, protégés seek help from other organizational members between whom there is often mutual attraction and rapport resulting in a level of interpersonal comfort between the members of the relationship. Because of the apparent benefits for both employee and organization, many human resource managers now attempt to establish formal mentoring systems in which mentors and protégés are brought together systematically. It is recognized, however, that assigned mentoring relationships are not usually as beneficial as those that develop informally. There appears, therefore, to be a need to match partners in some way. It has been suggested that a better grasp of psychological factors is necessary if this is to be achieved. One personality variable that may be partly responsible for shaping the overall effectiveness of such relationships is cognitive style. The present study, involving 53 mentor–protégé dyads, examined the effects of the cognitive styles of mentors and protégés on the process of formal mentoring. Data were collected from both partners in each dyadic relationship, and findings suggest that in dyads whose mentor is more analytic, congruence between the partners’ cognitive styles enhances the quality of their mentoring relationships. Cognitive style was also found to work indirectly through its influence on other variables to enhance mutual liking and psychosocial and career mentoring functions. Gender composition was also found to have a significant impact on the mentoring process. Dyads with female mentors and male protégés were found to be the least favourable combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00326
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Phil Johnson and Joanne Duberly, Understanding Management ResearchAntonio Strati, Theory and Method in Organizational StudiesK. Purcell, Changing Boundaries in EmploymentMaury A. Peiperl, Michael B. Arthur, Rob Goffee and Timothy Morris (Eds.), Career Frontiers: New Conceptions of Working LivesRandy Hodson, Dignity at WorkJacques Cory, Activist Business EthicsD. Griffin, The Emergence of Leadership: Linking Self–Organization and EthicsJerald Greenberg and Russell Cropanzano (Eds.), Advances in Organizational JusticeGeoff Walsham, Making a World of Difference: IT in a Global ContextW. Smith, M. Higgins, M. Parker and G. Lightfoot, Science Fiction and OrganizationKecheng Liu, Rodney J. Clarke, Peter Bøgh Anderson and Ronald Stamper (Eds.), Information, Organisation and Technology: Studies in Organisational Semiotics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-8-00328
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Response of Old Technology Incumbents to Technological Competition – Does the Sailing Ship Effect Exist? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article investigates whether firms react to a radical technological substitution threat by a deliberate acceleration of innovation in their existing technology – the ‘sailing ship effect’. There have been repeated claims that the effect has been significant as a source of innovation (Foster, 1988; Rosenberg, 1976; Rothwell and Zegveld, 1985; Utterback, 1996). Detailed reexamination of two cases thought to be exemplars of the effect reveals that it existed in neither. It is suggested that the characteristics of historical, technological substitution processes prompt misinterpretation based on superficial knowledge. Brief review of two other cases further supports this position. It is argued that if the phenomenon occurs, it is likely to be rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00316
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Changing Power of ‘Explanations’: Directors, Academics and Their Sensemaking from 1989 to 2000 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper is based on empirical research conducted with directors in large UK organizations, first in 1987–89, and again in 1998–2000. While the time frame has changed, the focus of the inquiry has remained constant – how do you ‘run’ a large organization – and data gathered reflect significant changes over time as to how the question is answered. This paper addresses one particular aspect of this complex material: the changing power of practitioner and academic explanations across the decade, highlighted by comparing and contrasting this data and its analysis over time.The paper illustrates a surprising degree of consistency (in contrast to 1987–89 findings) in practitioners’ contemporary explanations of their organizing: all talk of strategic focus, shareholder value and corporate governance, phrases previously never mentioned. This reflects a variety of changes across the decade, including an important concentration of power amongst investors. As well as the methodological implications of ‘repeating’ this study, the changing power of academics’ explanations ‘on’ organization is also discussed as conceptual frameworks gain and lose their resonance with the times. The paper concludes that sensemaking (Weick, 1995) offers the most appropriate perspective by which such shifts in the power of explanations may best be appreciated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00317
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dress and Identity: A Turkish Case Study (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines how dress can be implicated in contests regarding individual and organizational identities. Identities are understood as being constituted within discursive regimes, and to be subjectively available to people in the form of self–narratives. The pluralism and polyphony that characterize organizations means that collective self–narratives are likely to be fractured, contested and multi–layered. It is in this context that attire is an important object symbol that conveys information about the individual and collective self. Here we focus on aspects of dress, especially the Islamic headscarf, and its role in the dynamics of collective identity maintenance and challenge in one all–female Turkish university department. Our ethnographic approach yielded multiple, related and sometimes overlapping story lines centred on dress. These we have chosen to represent as a single though multi–voiced faculty narrative in order to facilitate analysis of what was a particularly rich symbolic milieu. The principal research contribution of this paper is as a discussion of participants’ clothing in the constitution of individual and organizational narrative identities, and its importance for understanding the dynamics of identity conflicts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00318
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barriers to Managing Diversity in a UK Constabulary: The Role of Discourse (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The literature on diversity management has tended to obfuscate some of the theoretical and methodological shortcomings associated with research in this area. Specifically, the literature tends to make a number of rather naïve assumptions about the experiences and aspirations of disadvantaged groups. This paper seeks to problematize the universalist and partisan tendencies that typify much of the diversity literature by focusing on the issue of ‘resistance’. Using a form of discourse analysis informed by Foucauldian principles, the paper explores how ‘resistance’ to diversity initiatives is expressed by both ‘dominant’ and ‘subordinated’ groups in a UK police force. It is argued that ‘resistance’ is better thought of as a discursive resource that can be drawn upon to justify or account for one’s own organizational experiences and, in turn, the need to both justify and account for one’s experiences is located in broader discursive fields that reproduce dominant ideologies of liberal democracies. The theoretical implications of this position are discussed and a case is presented for more critical and theoretical approaches in the diversity management literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00319
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Exploration of Two Competing Perspectives on Informational Contexts in Top Management Strategic Issue Interpretation (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Two disparate theoretical views of how informational contexts affect managerial sensemaking and decision making appear in organizational research. An organizational information processing perspective posits that increasing the flow of information within and between organizations will enhance environmental awareness. In contrast, behavioural decision making and social cognition research suggest that information may increase the occurrence or magnitude of overconfidence and illusions of control. These competing predictions were examined by means of an investigation of the relationship between informational contexts and top managers’ strategic issue interpretation. Findings indicate that managers whose organizations have environmental information readily available to them perceive higher control over issues than managers in organizations with lower informational availability. Moreover, managers in top management teams with higher information processing capacity seem to perceive higher degrees of control and manageability, and search for less data in issue interpretation, than managers in teams with lower information processing capacity. These results offer some support for the behavioural decision making and social cognition perspective, and question the organizational information processing prediction that organizations engaging in active information processing are more aware of the environment and more likely to assess environmental developments, trends or events in a more vigilant manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00320
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entry into the Schooling Market: How is the Behaviour of Private Suppliers Influenced by Public Sector Decisions? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This research examines the location choice of private schools entering the California schooling market in 1979–80. We find that entrants are more likely to locate in public school districts with lower levels of per–pupil expenditure and higher fractions of public school students who reside in low–income households. In addition, we provide evidence of differences in the responsiveness of different types of private schools to the underlying conditions. Also, in comparing our results to those of previous research, we find that the determinants of the location choices of entrants appear to be the same as the determinants of the location pattern of incumbent private schools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00156
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Good, the Poor and the Wealthy: who Responds Most to College Financial Aid? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Financial aid programmes for students in the United States focus increasingly on academic merit, rather than financial need. There is little empirical evidence, however, on the distributional effects of merit–based aid – who benefits or responds most. We develop a bivariate probit model of the enrolment process estimated using data for a large public university over several years. Results show that merit–based aid increases enrolment for all students, but that financially–able students respond disproportionately, even with academic merit held constant. Thus, increased emphasis on merit in financial aid may exacerbate the trend toward greater income inequality in the US, even among students of equal academic merit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00158
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Economics of Education: Editors’ Introduction (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00149
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime Earnings, Discount Rate, Ability and the Demand for Post–compulsory Education in Men in England and Wales (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Human capital theory suggests educational investments are made based on expected returns over the lifetime. Most other work in this field, particularly using British data, is based on demand models estimated in reduced form, with no earnings measures, or crudely constructed earnings measures, based on one or two earnings observations per individual.We present a structural model of demand for educational investment which includes estimates of earnings paths for educational options as determinants of educational choice. This provides us with directly interpretable parameter estimates. The discount rate is also determined within our demand model.Ability controlled earnings profiles are estimated by matching individuals from the General Household Survey to individuals in similar occupations from the National Child Development Survey (NCDS).Our results show that expected earnings profiles vary according to observed ability and educational choice. Results from the demand model show that expected lifetime earnings have a significant impact on educational choice.Other socio–demographic factors, particularly social class, also exhibit significant influences on the education decision. We estimate the discount rate to be lower than reported in other studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00151
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition Among Universities and the Emergence of the Élite Institution (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We consider an environment where two education institutions compete by selecting the proportion of their funding devoted to teaching and research and the criteria for admission for their students, and where students choose whether and where to attend university. We study the relationship between the cost incurred by students for attending a university located away from their home town and the equilibrium configuration that emerges in the game played by the universities. Symmetric equilibria, where universities choose the same admission standard, only exist when the mobility cost is high; when the mobility cost is very low, there is no pure strategy equilibrium. For intermediate values of the mobility cost, only asymmetric equilibria may exist; the final section of the paper provides an example where asymmetric equilibria do indeed exist for a plausible and robust set of parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00153
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory Enforcement with Discretionary Fining and Litigation (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, we focus on the determination of the optimal fine set by a regulator when a firm can litigate to avoid paying the fine and the monitoring agency has discretionary power to negotiate with the firm the size of the fine. The regulator needs to balance the positive effect of the fine’s size on the degree of non–compliance and the possibility of litigation if the fine is too high. We find that the optimal fine is not necessarily set at its maximum level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00142
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Causal Links Between Financial Activity and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from a Cross–Country Analysis, 1970–1990 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To clarify the causal links between financial activity and economic growth, a series of path models is estimated. It is shown that during the 1970s and 1980s finance was predominantly a supply–leading determinant of economic growth. The data suggest, however, that there has been a structural change and that from about 1975–80, finance was far less beneficial – and possibly even detrimental – to growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00143
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unemployment Hysteresis in the US States and the EU: A Panel Approach (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper applies the panel unit root test proposed by Im, Pesaran and Shin (1997) to test for unemployment hysteresis in the US states and the EU countries against the alternative of a natural rate. The results show that hysteresis for the EU and the natural rate for the US states are the most plausible hypotheses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00141
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organizational Form and Expense Preference: Spanish Experience (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article investigates the effect of alternative ownership structures, stock versus mutual, on the cost of production of Spanish depository institutions. By introducing a stochastic frontier analysis in estimating the best–practiced expense–preference behaviour, the empirical approach adjusts for the possibility that the two sectors of the banking industry employ different production technologies and finds evidence that is consistent with expense–preference behaviour by the mutual savings banks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00144
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Long–run PPP Hypothesis Hold for Africa? Evidence from a Panel Cointegration Study (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The long–run purchasing power parity (PPP) concept is empirically studied using the parallel market exchange rates of 17 African countries and employing the panel cointegration method. This approach is particularly useful when analysing African countries, which do not have long time–series. This paper presents results that support the weak–form of the long–run PPP hypothesis in Africa, which does not require a homogeneity restriction on prices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00146
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Causality Between Exchange Rates and Stock Prices: A Note (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study uses a new Granger non–causality testing procedure developed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) to contribute to the debate on exchange rates and stock prices in Sweden. It examines a possible causal relation between these variables in a vector autoregression (VAR) model. The results show that Granger causality is unidirectional running from stock prices to effective exchange rates. The results also reveal that an increase in Swedish stock prices is associated with an appreciation of the Swedish krona. Special attention is given to the estimation methodology and the lag choosing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00148
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information, Knowledge and Belief (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper models information as possibilities consistent with signals received from the environment. Knowledge is obtained by reasoning about the signals received as well as those that might have been received but were not. The term ‘knowledge’ is used to refer to those beliefs that are obtained by reasoning about the available information, and nothing else. That is, one ought to be able to fully justify what one knows by means of the information that is available. The term ‘belief’ is used to refer to those beliefs that are based on information but not necessarily only on information. The author investigates the relationship between information, knowledge and belief, as well as the issue of updating knowledge and belief in response to changes in information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00139
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why is There a Graduate Earnings Premium for Students From Independent Schools? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We examine the determinants of occupational earnings of UK 1993 graduates and focus on the influence of the type of school the graduate attended prior to university entrance. For data reasons, we restrict attention to graduates who attended school in England. We estimate that, on average, a male (female) graduate who attended an Independent school receives an earnings premium of 3.1 per cent (3.4 per cent) over and above the earnings of a graduate who attended an LEA school, ceteris paribus. We also find considerable variation across different Independent schools in the size of the graduate earnings premium, especially for males, and show that in the case of males the premium increases with the level of school fees, but is not statistically related to measures of school–level average academic performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00155
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should Education be Publicly Provided? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study suggests that a subsidy in the form of public provision has the potential to be the most efficient educational policy because it stimulates investment in human capital, which would otherwise be inefficiently low because of distortionary income taxation and possible external benefits. Moreover, it can potentially do this without grossly distorting the mix of investments in human capital. Other policies do not have the potential to achieve both these ends without introducing additional, perhaps overwhelming, problems. Thus public provision of education appears to provide incentives for human capital accumulation which are more efficient than any other feasible policy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00157
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring Human Capital Like Physical Capital: What Does It Tell Us? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, I develop a measure of human capital stock that is similar to measuring physical capital by its replacement cost. This measure builds on measures of average educational attainment of the labour force. While it is far from an ideal measure, it is an interesting complement to the educational attainment series and other existing measures of human capital accumulation. In cross–country panel regressions, use of this measure of human capital accumulation yields a positive and significant, but relatively small (about ten per cent) elasticity with percapita GDP growth. Unlike physical capital, the stock of human capital as a share of GDP increases with GDP. This is consistent with the Barro et al. (1995) model of growth with non–mobile human capital and with some predictions of Romer’s (1990) model of endogenous growth, but it is not consistent with the predictions of some other growth models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00150
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Returns to Academic and Vocational Qualifications in Britain (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses data from the 1991 sweep of the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1998 Labour Force Survey (LFS) to provide a comprehensive analysis of the labour market returns to academic and vocational qualifications. The results show that the wage premia from academic qualifications are typically higher than from vocational qualifications. However, this gap is reduced somewhat, when we control for the amount of time taken to acquire different qualifications. This is particularly important for vocational courses, which generally take shorter time periods to complete. In the paper we also investigate how returns vary by gender, subsequent qualifications, and the natural ability of individuals. Finally, by comparing the NCDS results with those from the LFS, we estimate the bias that can result from not controlling for factors such as ability, family background and measurement error. The results reveal that the estimated returns in the NCDS equations controlling for ability, family background and measurement error are similar to the simple OLS estimates obtained with the LFS, which do not control for these factors. This suggests that the biases generally offset one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8586.00152
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A TRIP THROUGH MY LIFE WITH AN IMMUNOLOGICAL THEME (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 1-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this essay, I make four points about the operation of the immune system. First, thanks to the innate immune system's regulation of the main costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, the immune system rarely mistakes a pathogen for a self-antigen. Second, the adaptive immune system consisting of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes can mistake self for non-self because adaptive immunity is selected in single somatic cells. Third, the adaptive immune system of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes is always referential to self, as it is selected on self-ligands; it persists in the periphery on self-ligands; and at least for T cells, it is dependent on self-ligands to be able to mount a response. Fourth, it is becoming clear that regulatory or suppressor T cells are our main defense against autoimmunity, as my first boss, Richard Gershon, had predicted. These cells recognize antigen as do all T cells, but they secrete the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGFbeta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.080801.102422
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION OF IMMUNITY* (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 125-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A reciprocal regulation exists between the central nervous and immune systems through which the CNS signals the immune system via hormonal and neuronal pathways and the immune system signals the CNS through cytokines. The primary hormonal pathway by which the CNS regulates the immune system is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, through the hormones of the neuroendocrine stress response. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the function of the immune system primarily via adrenergic neurotransmitters released through neuronal routes. Neuroendocrine regulation of immune function is essential for survival during stress or infection and to modulate immune responses in inflammatory disease. Glucocorticoids are the main effector end point of this neuroendocrine system and, through the glucocorticoid receptor, have multiple effects on immune cells and molecules. This review focuses on the regulation of the immune response via the neuroendocrine system. Particular details are presented on the effects of interruptions of this regulatory loop at multiple levels in predisposition and expression of immune diseases and on mechanisms of glucocorticoid effects on immune cells and molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.082401.104914
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 130
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KIR: Diverse, Rapidly Evolving Receptors of Innate and Adaptive Immunity (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 217-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract KIR genes have evolved in primates to generate a diverse family of receptors with unique structures that enable them to recognize MHC-class I molecules with locus and allele-specificity. Their combinatorial expression creates a repertoire of NK cells that surveys the expression of almost every MHC molecule independently, thus antagonizing the spread of pathogens and tumors that subvert innate and adaptive defense by selectively downregulating certain MHC class I molecules. The genes encoding KIR that recognize classical MHC molecules have diversified rapidly in human and primates; this contrasts with conservation of immunoglobulin- and lectin-like receptors for nonclassical MHC molecules. As a result of the variable KIR-gene content in the genome and the polymorphism of the HLA system, dissimilar numbers and qualities of KIR:HLA pairs function in different humans. This diversity likely contributes variability to the function of NK cells and T-lymphocytes by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses to specific challenges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.092501.134942
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 131
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION MEDIATED BY THE T CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTOR: The Role of Adapter Proteins* (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 371-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Engagement of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) leads to a complex series of molecular changes at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, and at the nucleus that lead ultimately to T cell effector function. Activation at the TCR of a set of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) is an early event in this process. This chapter reviews some of the critical substrates of these PTKs, the adapter proteins that, following phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, serve as binding sites for many of the critical effector enzymes and other adapter proteins required for T cell activation. The role of these adapters in binding various proteins, the interaction of adapters with plasma membrane microdomains, and the function of adapter proteins in control of the cytoskeleton are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.092601.111357
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T CELL MEMORY (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 551-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Typical immune responses lead to prominent clonal expansion of antigen-specific T and B cells followed by differentiation into effector cells. Most effector cells die at the end of the immune response but some of these cells survive and form long-lived memory cells. The factors controlling the formation and survival of memory T cells are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100101.151926
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 133
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CPG MOTIFS IN BACTERIAL DNA AND THEIR IMMUNE EFFECTS* (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 709-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Unmethylated CpG motifs are prevalent in bacterial but not vertebrate genomic DNAs. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate host defense mechanisms leading to innate and acquired immune responses. The recognition of CpG motifs requires Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which triggers alterations in cellular redox balance and the induction of cell signaling pathways including the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NFkappaB. Cells that express TLR-9, which include plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and B cells, produce Th1-like proinflammatory cytokines, interferons, and chemokines. Certain CpG motifs (CpG-A) are especially potent at activating NK cells and inducing IFN-alpha production by PDCs, while other motifs (CpG-B) are especially potent B cell activators. CpG-induced activation of innate immunity protects against lethal challenge with a wide variety of pathogens, and has therapeutic activity in murine models of cancer and allergy. CpG ODN also enhance the development of acquired immune responses for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 134
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of privatization on corporate R&D units: evidence from Italy and France (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Over the last two decades privatization programmes in a variety of different countries have radically reduced the role of the state as a major owner of productive assets. While there is empirical evidence to show that the switch in ownership generally improves productive efficiency and profitability at company level, its effects on research and development (R&D) activities, which can impact strongly on long–term performance, have been largely ignored in the literature.In this paper we address this issue by analyzing seven cases of privatization that have recently occurred in Italy and France in order to gauge how R&D activities may be affected by privatization in terms of objectives and organization. The organizations studied show that R&D units within privatized companies are subject to profound restructuring actions, generally designed to boost efficiency and to strengthen integration with the goals of the business units and of the final customers. A new role for R&D thus emerges: the aim is no longer to generate new knowledge in the broad national interest, but rather more directly to create value for the company and its clients, by emphasizing the assessment and integration of external knowledge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00255
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 135
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leveraging talent: spin–off strategy at Industrial Research (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The formation of new businesses from research organisations has historically been seen as one of the more effective ways in which new knowledge and technology is commercialised. These spin–offs result from the transfer of people and intellectual property from the parent institution. It is the transfer of the tacit knowledge embodied in the human capital that differentiates this technology commercialisation mechanism from technology sale, licensing or joint ventures and alliances.Science parks and cooperative centres associated with universities are examples used internationally of incubator environments designed to nurture spin–offs. In New Zealand, however, there have been very limited attempts to develop such incubators. However, one Crown Research Institute, Industrial Research, has recognised that developing a spin–off strategy is a valid way for it to leverage its intellectual property and motivate its scientific talent, in order to satisfy the institute’s mandate to ‘create benefit for New Zealand’.It is rare to find studies of the spin–off activity focused primarily on the parent. This paper charts the development of Industrial Research’s spin–off strategy over the past eight years from an unintentional consequence of restructuring and changing funding priorities, towards a purposive strategy requiring different management structures and processes. A three–stage model is developed to describe the spin–off strategy evolution and the risks, benefits and components of such a strategy are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00257
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 136
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organizational learning through post–project reviews in R&D (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Post–project reviews are one opportunity to systematically improve performance in subsequent projects. However, a survey reveals that only one out of five R&D projects receives a post–project review. Post–project reviews – if they take place – are typically constrained by lack of time and attention as well as lack of personal interest and ability. They focus mostly on technical output and bureaucratic measurements; process–related factors such as project management are rarely discussed.In this paper we review the role of post–project meetings as a tool to improve organizational learning at the group level. Based on 27 in–depth interviews with R&D managers carried out between 1997 and 2001, we categorize four classes of learning impediments. These difficulties are not easily resolved, as is illustrated by examples from Hewlett–Packard, DaimlerChrysler, SAP, Unisys, the US Army, and others. We propose a five–level post–project review capability maturity model, identifying some of the key capabilities that need to be in place in order to advance to the next process maturity level. Most companies reside on the first or second maturity level. Our conclusion is that many companies give away great potential for competence building by neglecting post–project reviews as a tool for systematic inter–project learning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00258
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 137
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of project novelty on the new product development process (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper we review the range of formal tools and techniques available to support the new product development process, and examine the use and usefulness of these by means of a survey of 50 projects in 25 firms. For each firm, we compare routine and novel development projects, and identify the influence of project novelty on the frequency of use and perceived usefulness of a range of different tools and methods. In terms of usefulness, focus groups, partnering customers and lead users and prototyping are all considered to be more effective for high novelty projects, and segmentation least useful. Cross-functional development teams are commonplace for all types of project, but are significantly more effective for the high novelty cases. In addition, many tools rated as useful are not commonly used, and conversely some tools in common use are considered to be of limited use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00245
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 138
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk management, project success, and technological uncertainty (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In times of increased competition and globalization, project success becomes even more critical to business performance, and yet many projects still suffer delays, overruns, and even failure. Ironically, however, risk management tools and techniques, which have been developed to improve project success, are used too little, and many still wonder how helpful they are. In this paper we present the results of an empirical study devoted to this question. Based on data collected on over 100 projects performed in Israel in a variety of industries, we examine the extent of usage of some risk management practices, such as risk identification, probabilistic risk analysis, planning for uncertainty and trade-off analysis, the difference in application across different types of projects, and their impact on various project success dimensions. Our findings suggest that risk management practices are still not widely used. Only a limited number of projects in our study have used any kind of risk management practices and many have only used some, but not all the available tools. When used, risk management practices seem to be working, and appear to be related to project success. We also found that risk management practices were more applicable to higher risk projects. The impact of risk management is mainly on better meeting time and budget goals and less on product performance and specification. In this case, we also found some differences according levels of technological uncertainty. Our conclusion is that risk management is still at its infancy and that at this time, more awareness to the application, training, tool development, and research on risk management is needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00243
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 139
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refining the search for project success factors: a multivariate, typological approach (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Although the causes for project success and failure have been the subject of many studies, no conclusive evidence or common agreement has been achieved so far. One criticism involves the universalistic approach used often in project management studies, according to which all projects are assumed to be similar. A second problem is the issue of subjectiveness, and sometimes weakly defined success measures; yet another concern is the limited number of managerial variables examined by previous research. In the present study we use a project-specific typological approach, a multidimensional criteria for assessing project success, and a multivariate statistical analysis method. According to our typology projects were classified according to their technological uncertainty at project initiation and their system scope which is their location on a hierarchical ladder of systems and subsystems. For each of the 127 projects in our study that were executed in Israel, we recorded 360 managerial variables and 13 success measures. The use of a very detailed data and multivariate methods such as canonical correlation and eigenvector analysis enables us to account for all the interactions between managerial and success variables and to address a handful of perspectives, often left unanalyzed by previous research. Assessing the variants of managerial variables and their impact on project success for various types of projects, serves also a step toward the establishment of a typological theory of projects. Although some success factors are common to all projects, our study identified project-specific lists of factors, indicating for example, that high-uncertainty projects must be managed differently than low-uncertainty projects, and high-scope projects differently than low-scope projects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00244
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 140
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, ranking and selection of R&D projects in a portfolio (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A method for the analysis, ranking and selection of R&D projects from a portfolio is outlined and demonstrated. It is proposed that an objective multi-criteria decision making method, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), be used to split a portfolio of projects into accept, consider further and reject sub-groups. Next, the ‘consider further’ group is examined using a subjective method, the Value Creation Model. Such an approach allows for obvious decisions to be automated and complex decisions to be given careful consideration, an approach that is more consistent with how practising managers actually make select/reject decisions. DEA allows for comparison of variables without requiring weights or conversion factors. The relation between research strategy and consideration of categorical data is considered in relation to the research portfolio of the Advanced Technology Division of Bell Laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00246
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 141
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Lewis M. Branscomb, Fumio Kodama and Richard Florida, (eds.) Industrializing Knowledge – University-Industry Linkages in Japan and the United States
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00249
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 142
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the strategic management of technology: results of a global benchmarking study (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This contribution analyses main changes in the strategic management of technology of the world’s most technology-intensive companies from western Europe, North America and Japan. The results presented here are based on a literature review and a survey which show the following main results: first, R&D and technology have become key cornerstones of corporate and business strategy. Second, there is a growing tendency to acquire technology from external sources throughout the sample. Third, internationalization of R&D plays a very important role in the strategies of the large companies investigated and the data shows that it will certainly gain further momentum. However, internationalization of R&D is confined to the Triad regions and is not ‘global’. Based on our analysis, cornerstones of a future generation of R&D/technology management are developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00247
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 143
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing collaborative, pre-competitive R&D projects: the case of the UK LINK scheme (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper addresses the evaluation of outcomes of collaborative, pre-competitive R&D projects. It draws on some empirical analysis carried out on data and information gathered under the UK ‘LINK’ scheme, a programme supporting R&D collaborative projects and assessing collaboration outcomes. A new indicator of performance, based on the outputs of LINK projects, has been constructed. It provides a relative and quite consistent measure of performance for making comparisons among different LINK projects. However it does not correlate with the more subjective grade applied by LINK’s own management. For further improving evaluating mechanisms, more attention should be paid to the benefits that universities and companies as well as governments are drawing from R&D collaborations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00248
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 144
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technological powerhouse or diluted competence: Techniques for assessing mergers via patent analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: On a daily basis, we are bombarded with the news of yet another mega–merger. The business press generally greets these announcements with breathless projections based on extrapolations of combined sales, earnings, and R&D spending, with little emphasis on whether the merged companies will be worth the sum of their parts. In this paper we examine patent analysis techniques for evaluating the technological strength of merger candidates, and explore the notion that the technological quality of the merged company may be diluted rather than enhanced. We will also use patent analysis methods for examining the market value of companies, to determine whether a merger target is over– or under–priced. We will explore all of these techniques within the context of a case study of the proposed merger between Glaxo–Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham, although the techniques can be readily applied to any merger within an R&D intensive industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00234
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 145
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Product innovation charters: Mission statements for new products (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article presents findings from an exploratory study into the content and impact of product innovation charters (PICs) in 86 North American corporations. The findings demonstrate that managers have some distinct preferences in terms of the items that they choose to include in a PIC and that certain components seem to be more important to mention than others. The findings also make evident the relationship that PICs have with selected performance measures. The results suggest that product innovation charters, like their mission statement ‘cousins’, may be of more value than most managers realize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00236
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 146
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing alliance relationships: Key challenges in the early stages of collaboration (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recent surveys indicate that executives of technology companies consider strategic alliances to be central to their competitive strategies. Yet the barriers to successful alliances are formidable. In many instances, these barriers develop in the early stages of an alliance. This study identifies and analyzes the types of challenges that companies face in the start–up phase of their alliances. It is based on a survey and interviews with executives in the Canadian high technology industry. The study finds that the principal challenges in the first year of an alliance relate to relationship issues between the partners. It suggests stronger attention to these issues in the design and implementation of an alliance. The paper concludes with guidelines to build and sustain effective working relationships between partners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00235
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 147
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of creative problem solving training on creativity, cognitive type and R&D performance (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The effects of Creative Problem Solving (CPS) training on creativity, cognitive type, and R&D performance were investigated with 106 R&D workers of a large government–owned manufacturing company in Taiwan. Seventy–one of them volunteered to participate in the CPS training and were divided into three groups. Each group received 12 hours of CPS training and two follow–up training sessions over a one–year long period in a time–series design. The ‘Circle Test of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking’, and the ‘Myers–Briggs Type Indicator’ were administered before and after the CPS training. R&D performance averaged over the past three years before the CPS training and one year after the pretest were obtained from the company. Results showed that participant’s scores on fluency and flexibility of ideas were higher after the CPS training. There was also an increase in the number of persons being classified as extrovert or feeling type of cognition. In terms of R&D performance, the participants’ number of co–authored service projects increased significantly from pretest to posttest, whereas no such change was observed among those 35 R&D workers who did not participated in the CPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00237
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 148
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economic compensation compositions preferred by R&D personnel of different R&D types and intrinsic values (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In order to enhance R&D performance, R&D managers make sure that R&D personnel are satisfied with their compensation, both economic and non–economic. An R&D compensation scheme would consist of many complex factors. In this research, we focus on ‘compensation composition’ as such a factor for the economic compensation system, i.e., the mix of compensation components such as team (or organization) performance based, individual (R&D personnel) performance based, and fixed (seniority based) portion of economic compensation. As part of non–economic compensation, intrinsic values such as social status and self–actualization perceived by the R&D personnel are influencing their level of satisfaction with the entire compensation system. Another critical factor we consider here is the difference in R&D types: there are three R&D types, i.e., basic, applied, and commercial R&D. We put forth two sets of propositions. First, there is statistically significant correlation among R&D personnel’s job satisfaction, performance measurement satisfaction, and compensation satisfaction. Second, depending on the types of their R&D activities, R&D personnel prefer a certain composition of economic compensation. In addition, the relationships are mediated by whether the R&D personnel feel intrinsic values of their jobs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00238
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 149
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and application of a new methodology of evaluating industrial R&D projects (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper proposes a new methodology of evaluating industrial R&D projects to assess the effectiveness of future R&D in terms of financial credibility, to prioritize them efficiently by clear criteria to reduce the time and burden consumed by both project leaders and management staffs. A new methodology has been developed and applied to all Sumitomo Electric Industries (SEI) R&D projects, and is recognized as a useful system for evaluating many R&D projects in a short period, such as 150 projects per month.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00240
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 150
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Firm–specific competencies determining technological innovation: A survey in Greece (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper investigates the ‘importance’ and ‘awareness’ of firm–specific competencies as determinants of technological innovation in the context of a European newly industrialised country. A literature–based portfolio model was developed including 17 established innovation–determining factors, related to the firm’s technical, market, human resource and organisational competencies. The ‘importance’ of those factors as determinants of innovation in the Greek industry was tested with a survey of 105 manufacturing firms. Using correlation and regression analyses the author classified the competencies into ‘major importance’, ‘moderate importance’ and ‘unimportant’ ones. ‘Major importance’ determinants of innovation included the intensity of R&D, strength in marketing, proportion of university graduates and engineers in the staff, proportion of staff with managerial responsibility, proportion of professional staff with previous experience in another company and incentives offered to the employees to contribute to innovation.The ‘awareness’ of the important competencies differentiating Greek innovative companies was tested by comparing the above ‘objective’ results with the perceptions of the responding managers. The perceptual analysis confirmed the importance of the statistically–driven variables at the aggregated level. At the level of the individual variables, a number of inconsistencies were identified. The managers overestimated the importance of international work experience of professional staff and of training and underestimated the importance of the potential contribution of shop–floor employees.Relating the results to the Greek institutional context, the study’s general finding was that the important determinants of innovation were scarce in the Greek business environment. The highly innovative companies were the ones to overcome country–specific innovation barriers, such as negligible industrial R&D, general weakness in marketing, outdated educational system, limited labour mobility and cultural problems with involving shop–floor employees in the innovation process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00239
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 151
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Book reviewed:Birgitte Andersen, Technological Change and the Evolution of Corporate Innovation. The Structure of Patenting 1980–1990
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.t01-1-00242
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 152
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The innovation work environment of high–tech SMEs in the USA and Canada (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study examined the climate for innovation and creativity, and related outcome measures, in 31 Canadian and 11 US small– and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs), as assessed by 120 R&D engineers in those firms. Prior studies on the innovativeness of countries have been critical of Canadian firms compared to those in other industrialized countries. Our study tested whether differences existed between perceived climates, creativity and productivity of US and Canadian SMEs. The results indicated that the innovative climates and the perceptions of creativity and productivity of US and Canadian firms are very similar. Furthermore, the most important factors relating to creativity (Challenging Work and Organizational Encouragement) were the same for both the USA and Canada. Our conclusion is that support for innovation in Canadian SMEs is comparable with that of US SMEs. Differences in innovation measured at the national level can probably be attributed to other factors, such as industry structure and the degree of innovation in large firms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00269
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 153
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:D. Cox, P. Gummett and K. Barker, Government Laboratories: Transition and TransformationMichael A. Hitt, R. Duane Ireland, S. Michael Camp and Donald L. Sexton (eds.), Strategic Entrepreneurship. Creating a New Integrated Mindset
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00276
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 154
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing complex development projects: arenas, knowledge processes and time (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The literature on project management has been dominated by techniques and methods for separating activities and making thought out plans. Closely related to this research stream is the research on product development, which seems to advocate somewhat of a different strategy where managing projects is a matter of enabling the crossing of functions and knowledge bases. This paper attempts to integrate these two lines of research.The paper is based on two in–depth case studies of project management in product development contexts. The projects under study were highly complex and consisted of multiple interrelated parts, which called for ‘tightly coupled’ organizational solutions. From our point of view, much effort by the project management teams was put into establishing a project that was responsive and where participating local units were oriented toward various ‘global’ measures.In our conception, the overall deadline seemed to have played an important role for promoting communal and interactive problem solving. Furthermore, the deadline emphasized the need for global arenas where the interactive problem solving could take place. It is argued that time–based controls set a global time for the project. The paper also demonstrates the importance of various global arenas, such as testing activities and project management forums, in order to keep track of time limits and to trigger global knowledge processes. Furthermore, based on the notion of ‘separation’ and ‘coupling’ of sub–systems and project phases, the paper suggests a model identifying four types of project organizations. The paper contributes to the knowledge on project management in complex product development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00273
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 155
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focusing the fuzzy front–end in new product development (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Effectively managing the ‘upfront or fuzzy front–end’ (FFE) of the product development process is one of the most important, difficult challenges facing innovation managers. In this paper, we define the FFE as the period between when an opportunity is first considered and when an idea is judged ready for development. We classify the outcomes of the FFE into product definition, time, and people dimensions. We suggest several strategies to manage the FFE by assigning a FFE manager or team; by providing organizational support for FFE activities; by understanding the sources of FFE ambiguity; by building an information system; and by developing relationships with supporters, partners, and alliances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00259
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 156
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involving purchasing in new product development (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Purchasing is evolving into a strategic business activity and thus also a potential contributor to the successful development of new products. However, the literature on the involvement of purchasing in new product development (NPD) is sorely lacking. We conducted an exploratory study to investigate purchasing’s involvement in NPD, the drivers of this involvement and the influence on new product success. We conducted telephone interviews with purchasing and NPD managers from 43 firms. The results show that firms differ in the extent to which they involve purchasing in NPD and that higher involvement has a positive effect on NPD performance. R&D managers can use the results to design a more effective purchasing–R&D interface and increase the success of NPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00260
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 157
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stakeholder analysis for R&D project management (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: R&D projects affect the interests of different stakeholders in different ways. Understanding the stakeholders and analysing their interests helps in the better management of R&D projects. In this paper we discuss a methodology to systematically analyse the stakeholders of R&D projects. This methodology includes Freeman’s (1984) three levels of analysis: rational, process and transactional. Based on these three levels, the stakeholder management capability of an R&D project is determined. The final stage is based on Mitchell et al. (1997) approach to analysing the dynamics of stakeholders. This methodology is illustrated using a New Zealand case relating to a road pricing R&D project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00262
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 158
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the development and application of a self–organizing feature map–based patent map (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Recently, the range of R&D management has expanded to include management of technological assets such as technology information, product/process data, and patents. Among others, patent map (PM) has been paid increasing attention by both practitioners and researchers alike in R&D management. However, the limitation of conventional PM has been recognized, as the size of patent database becomes voluminous and the relationship among attributes becomes complex. Thus, more sophisticated data–mining tools are required to make full use of potential information from patent databases. In this paper, we propose an exploratory process of developing a self–organizing feature map (SOFM)–based PM that visualizes the complex relationship among patents and the dynamic pattern of technological advancement. The utility of SOFM, vis–à–vis other tools, is highlighted as the size and complexity of the database increase since it can reduce the amount of data by clustering and visualize the reduced data onto a lower–dimensional display simultaneously. Specifically, three types of PM, technology vacuum map, claim point map, technology portfolio map, are suggested. The proposed maps may be used in monitoring technological change, developing new products, and managing intellectual property.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00261
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 159
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of co–innovation strategies: stages and interaction patterns in interfirm innovation (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Organizations that choose or are forced to innovate in co–operation with other organizations, go through four stages of co–innovation strategy development. The stages are successively: (I) autonomous strategy making: organizations develop strategies on their own, (II) co–operative strategy making: organizations concentrate on developing innovation strategies in close co–operation with other organizations, (III) founding an organization for co–innovation: organizations found a joint organization in which they develop co–innovation programs, and (IV) realization of innovations: organizations develop innovations, based on the co–innovation strategies and programs. The description of the stages is based on an interfirm network approach and a research project in the Dutch construction industry. The stage model can be a guideline for organizations that participate in co–innovation processes and have to decide how and with whom they co–innovate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00263
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 160
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collaboration in R&D with universities and research centres: an empirical study of Spanish firms (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Innovation is sometimes the result of collaboration between different agents with complementary resources. When companies make formal agreements to collaborate in R&D they do so with different types of organizations, such as their competitors, suppliers, and customers, or universities and research centres. This paper focuses on attempting to understand the reasons that lead companies to cooperate with universities and research centres and the characteristics of the relationship that this involves. The empirical study is based on a sample of 747 Spanish firms that took part in some type of collaborative R&D project between 1994 and 1996. Results indicate that cooperation with centres is a nation–wide phenomenon involving basic research, conducted under the sponsorship of different research support schemes promoted by central and regional administrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00264
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 161
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A portfolio–evaluation framework for selecting R&D projects (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study aims to form the basis for constructing a framework for evaluating alternative portfolios of R&D projects. This study provides an extensive literature review on portfolio selection. Most of the existing studies deal with the portfolio selection problem by evaluating individual projects and then seeking ways to combine them for an R&D portfolio. However, the combination of individually good projects unnecessarily constitutes the optimal portfolio. In particular, this study discusses three portfolio effects: (1) the difference between the preference for the portfolio as a whole and the preference for the projects, (2) the interrelation among projects, (3) the size of portfolio selection problems. This study develops a three–phase framework for evaluating R&D portfolios and proposes a new taxonomy of the portfolio attributes (i.e. independent, interrelated, and synergistic). This study concludes with a discussion of future research, directed toward increasing the applicability of portfolio–selection approaches for managing R&D portfolios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00266
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 162
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Working effectively in strategic alliances through managerial fit between partners: some evidence from Sino–British joint ventures and the implications for R&D professionals (2002)
    Oxford, UK and, Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: To succeed in R&D strategic alliances requires not only strategic fit and cultural fit at the organisational level, but also managerial fit at the micro, inter–personal interaction level. This paper provides the results from a cross–cultural study of managerial fit between British and Chinese managers in joint ventures (JVs) initiated in 1993–1998 with a focus on two important issues: the perceived competence and managerial roles of the partners. Managerial fit between partners is critical for the success of R&D strategic alliances including JVs. Misfit in partners’ managerial behaviour often results from the fact that JVs are characterised by the lack of specificity of various managerial tasks shared by the partners at the operational stage. In addition, a manager’s managerial competence as perceived by the counterpart is a contributory factor to trust and supportive reaction from the counterpart, both of which are important for cohesive interaction between partners. This study has revealed that (1) there are similarities and significant differences in some of the characteristics of managerial competence perceived by the counterpart between the British and Chinese managers; and (2) there is often a mismatch of perceptions between the British and Chinese managers with regard to who plays a particular managerial role in a JV. Managerial implications are discussed and issues for further research are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00265
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 163
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAP KINASES IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract MAP kinases are among the most ancient signal transduction pathways and are widely used throughout evolution in many physiological processes. In mammalian species, MAP kinases are involved in all aspects of immune responses, from the initiation phase of innate immunity, to activation of adaptive immunity, and to cell death when immune function is complete. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways in these phases of immune responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091301.131133
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 164
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF CLASS SWITCH RECOMBINATION: Linkage with Somatic Hypermutation (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 165-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) have been considered to be mediated by different molecular mechanisms because both target DNAs and DNA modification products are quite distinct. However, involvement of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in both CSR and SHM has revealed that the two genetic alteration mechanisms are surprisingly similar. Accumulating data led us to propose the following scenario: AID is likely to be an RNA editing enzyme that modifies an unknown pre-mRNA to generate mRNA encoding a nicking endonuclease specific to the stem-loop structure. Transcription of the S and V regions, which contain palindromic sequences, leads to transient denaturation, forming the stem-loop structure that is cleaved by the AID-regulated endonuclease. Cleaved single-strand tails will be processed by error-prone DNA polymerase-mediated gap-filling or exonuclease-mediated resection. Mismatched bases will be corrected or fixed by mismatch repair enzymes. CSR ends are then ligated by the NHEJ system while SHM nicks are repaired by another ligation system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.090501.112049
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 165
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LYMPHOCYTE-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 323-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Virtually all of the measurable cell-mediated cytotoxicity delivered by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells comes from either the granule exocytosis pathway or the Fas pathway. The granule exocytosis pathway utilizes perforin to traffic the granzymes to appropriate locations in target cells, where they cleave critical substrates that initiate DNA fragmentation and apoptosis; granzymes A and B induce death via alternate, nonoverlapping pathways. The Fas/FasL system is responsible for activation-induced cell death but also plays an important role in lymphocyte-mediated killing under certain circumstances. The interplay between these two cytotoxic systems provides opportunities for therapeutic interventions to control autoimmune diseases and graft vs. host disease, but oversuppression of these pathways may also lead to increased viral susceptibility and/or decreased tumor cell killing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100201.131730
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 166
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PRODUCING NATURE'S GENE-CHIPS: The Generation of Peptides for Display by MHC Class I Molecules (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 463-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gene-chips contain thousands of nucleotide sequences that allow simultaneous analysis of the complex mixture of RNAs transcribed in cells. Like these gene-chips, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules display a large array of peptides on the cell surface for probing by the CD8+ T cell repertoire. The peptide mixture represents fragments of most, if not all, intracellular proteins. The antigen processing machinery accomplishes the daunting task of sampling these proteins and cleaving them into the precise set of peptides displayed by MHC I molecules. It has long been believed that antigenic peptides arose as by-products of normal protein turnover. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the primary source of peptides is newly synthesized proteins that arise from conventional as well as cryptic translational reading frames. It is increasingly clear that for many peptides the C-terminus is generated in the cytoplasm, and N-terminal trimming occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum in an MHC I-dependent manner. Nature's gene-chips are thus both parsimonious and elegant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064819
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 167
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANTIGEN PRESENTATION AND T CELL STIMULATION BY DENDRITIC CELLS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 621-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dendritic cells take up antigens in peripheral tissues, process them into proteolytic peptides, and load these peptides onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Dendritic cells then migrate to secondary lymphoid organs and become competent to present antigens to T lymphocytes, thus initiating antigen-specific immune responses, or immunological tolerance. Antigen presentation in dendritic cells is finely regulated: antigen uptake, intracellular transport and degradation, and the traffic of MHC molecules are different in dendritic cells as compared to other antigen-presenting cells. These specializations account for dendritic cells' unique role in the initiation of immune responses and the induction of tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064828
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 168
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEIN KINASE Ctheta IN T CELL ACTIVATION (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 761-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoform, PKCtheta, is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and is a sine qua non for T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-triggered activation of mature T cells. Productive engagement of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) results in recruitment of PKCtheta to the T cell-APC contact area-the immunological synapse-where it interacts with several signaling molecules to induce activation signals essential for productive T cell activation and IL-2 production. The transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 are the primary physiological targets of PKCtheta, and efficient activation of these transcription factors by PKCtheta requires integration of TCR and CD28 costimulatory signals. PKCtheta cooperates with the protein Ser/Thr phosphatase, calcineurin, in transducing signals leading to activation of JNK, NFAT, and the IL-2 gene. PKCtheta also promotes T cell cycle progression and regulates programmed T cell death. The exact mode of regulation and immediate downstream substrates of PKCtheta are still largely unknown. Identification of these molecules and determination of their mode of operation with respect to the function of PKCtheta will provide essential information on the mechanism of T cell activation. The selective expression of PKCtheta in T cells and its essential role in mature T cell activation establish it as an attractive drug target for immunosuppression in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064807
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 169
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RANK-L AND RANK: T Cells, Bone Loss, and Mammalian Evolution (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 795-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract TNF and TNFR family proteins play important roles in the control of cell death, proliferation, autoimmunity, the function of immune cells, or the organogenesis of lymphoid organs. Recently, novel members of this large family have been identified that have critical functions in immunity and that couple lymphoid cells with other organ systems such as bone morphogenesis and mammary gland formation in pregnancy. The TNF-family molecule RANK-L (RANK-L, TRANCE, ODF) and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, and they are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts. Intriguingly, RANK-L/RANK interactions also regulate T cell/dendritic cell communications, dendritic cell survival, and lymph node formation; T cell-derived RANK-L can mediate bone loss in arthritis and periodontal disease. Moreover, RANK-L and RANK are expressed in mammary gland epithelial cells, and they control the development of a lactating mammary gland during pregnancy and the propagation of mammalian species. Modulation of these systems provides us with a unique opportunity to design novel therapeutics to inhibit bone loss in arthritis, periodontal disease, and osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064753
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 170
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROSPECTS FOR VACCINE PROTECTION AGAINST HIV-1 INFECTION AND AIDS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 73-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rapid and devastating spread of the AIDS epidemic in the developing world as well as the difficulties associated with delivering antiretroviral drugs in affected countries underscore the urgent need for the development of a safe and effective AIDS vaccine. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and humoral immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We then describe vaccine strategies that have been explored and discuss the evidence suggesting that cellular immune responses elicited by novel vaccine modalities may attenuate clinical disease caused by HIV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.081501.094854
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 171
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T CELL RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (EAE): Role of Self and Cross-Reactive Antigens in Shaping, Tuning, and Regulating the Autopathogenic T Cell Repertoire (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 101-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract T cells that can respond to self-antigens are present in the peripheral immune repertoire of all healthy individuals. Recently we have found that unmanipulated SJL mice that are highly susceptible to EAE also maintain a very high frequency of T cells responding to an encephalitogenic epitope of a myelin antigen proteolipid protein (PLP) 139-151 in the peripheral repertoire. This is not due to lack of expression of myelin antigens in the thymus resulting in escape of PLP 139-151 reactive cells from central tolerance, but is due to expression of a splice variant of PLP named DM20, which lacks the residues 116-150. In spite of this high frequency, the PLP 139-151 reactive cells remain undifferentiated in the periphery and do not induce spontaneous EAE. In contrast, SJL TCR transgenic mice expressing a receptor derived from a pathogenic T cell clone do develop spontaneous disease. This may be because in normal mice, autoreactive cells are kept in check by an alternate PLP 139-151 reactive nonpathogenic repertoire, which maintains a balance that keeps them healthy. If this is the case, selective activation of one repertoire or the other may alter susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Since T cells are generally cross-reactive, besides responding to nonself-antigens, they also maintain significant responses to self-antigens. Based on the PLP 139-151 system, we propose a model in which activation with foreign antigens can result in the generation of pathogenic memory T cells that mediate autoimmunity. We also outline circumstances under which activation of self-reactive T cells with foreign antigens can generate selective tolerance and thus generate protective/regulatory memory against self while still maintaining significant responses against foreign antigens. This provides a mechanism by which the fidelity and specificity of the immune system against foreign antigens is improved without increasing the potential for developing an autoimmune disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.081701.141316
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 172
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ORIGINS AND FUNCTIONS OF B-1 CELLS WITH NOTES ON THE ROLE OF CD5 (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 253-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whether B-1a (CD5+) cells are a distinct lineage derived from committed fetal/neonatal precursors or arise from follicular B-2 cells in response to BCR ligation and other, unknown signals remains controversial. Recent evidence indicates that B-1a cells can derive from adult precursors expressing an appropriate specificity when the (self-) antigen is present. Antibody specificity determines whether a B cell expressing immunoglobulin transgenes has a B-2, B-1a or marginal zone (MZ) phenotype. MZ cells share many phenotypic characteristics of B-1 cells and, like them, appear to develop in response to T independent type 2 antigens. Because fetal-derived B cell progenitors fail to express terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and for other reasons, they are likely to express a repertoire that allows selection into the B-1a population. As it is selected by self-antigen, the B-1 repertoire tends to be autoreactive. This potentially dangerous repertoire is also useful, as B-1 cells are essential for resistance to several pathogens and they play an important role in mucosal immunity. The CD5 molecule can function as a negative regulator of BCR signaling that may help prevent inappropriate activation of autoreactive B-1a cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064833
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 173
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND GENE REGULATION IN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 427-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of the immune system and the host response to microbial infection rely on the activation and silencing of numerous, differentially expressed genes. Since the mid-1980s, a primary goal has been to identify transcription factors that regulate specific genes and specific immunological processes. More recently, there has been a growing appreciation of the role of chromatin structure in gene regulation. Before most activators of a gene access their binding sites, a transition from a condensed to a decondensed chromatin structure appears to take place. The activation of transcription is then accompanied by the remodeling of specific nucleosomes. Conversely, the acquisition of a more condensed chromatin structure is often associated with gene silencing. Chromatin structure is a particularly significant contributor to gene regulation because it is likely to be a major determinant of cell identity and cell memory. That is, the propagation of decondensed chromatin at specific loci through DNA replication and cell division helps a cell remember which genes are expressed constitutively in that cell type or are poised for expression upon exposure to a stimulus. Here we review recent progress toward understanding the role of chromatin in the immune system. The interleukin-4 gene serves as a primary model for exploring the events involved in the acquisition and heritable maintenance of a decondensed chromatin structure. Studies of the interleukin-12 p40 and interferon-beta genes are then reviewed for insight into the mechanisms by which the remodeling of specific nucleosomes in the vicinity of a promoter can contribute to rapid activation following cell stimulation. Finally, basic principles of gene silencing are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064739
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 174
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NEGATIVE REGULATION OF IMMUNORECEPTOR SIGNALING (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 669-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immune cells are activated as a result of productive interactions between ligands and various receptors known as immunoreceptors. These receptors function by recruiting cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases, which trigger a unique phosphorylation signal leading to cell activation. In the recent past, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the processes involved in the negative regulation of immunoreceptor-mediated signal transduction. Evidence is accumulating that immunoreceptor signaling is inhibited by complex and highly regulated mechanisms that involve receptors, protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, lipid phosphatases, ubiquitin ligases, and inhibitory adaptor molecules. Genetic evidence indicates that this inhibitory machinery is crucial for normal immune cell homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.081501.130710
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 175
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MICROBES: Complexity in Action (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 825-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The phagocytic response of innate immune cells such as macrophages is defined by the activation of complex signaling networks that are stimulated by microbial contact. Many individual proteins have been demonstrated to participate in phagocytosis, and the application of high-throughput tools has indicated that many more remain to be described. In this review, we examine this complexity and describe how during recognition, multiple receptors are simultaneously engaged to mediate internalization, activate microbial killing, and induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Many signaling molecules perform multiple functions during phagocytosis, and these molecules are likely to be key regulators of the process. Indeed, pathogenic microorganisms target many of these molecules in their attempts to evade destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.103001.114744
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 176
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE B7 FAMILY OF LIGANDS AND ITS RECEPTORS: New Pathways for Costimulation and Inhibition of Immune Responses (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 29-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract T cell activation is dependent upon signals delivered through the antigen-specific T cell receptor and accessory receptors on the T cell. A primary costimulatory signal is delivered through the CD28 receptor after engagement of its ligands, B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86). Engagement of CTLA-4 (CD152) by the same B7-1 or B7-2 ligands results in attenuation of T cells responses. Recently, molecular homologs of CD28 and CTLA-4 receptors and their B7-like ligands have been identified. ICOS is a CD28-like costimulatory receptor with a unique B7-like ligand. PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor, with two B7-like ligands. Additional members of B7 and CD28 gene families have been proposed. Integration of signals through this family of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors and their ligands is critical for activation of immune responses and tolerance. Understanding these pathways will allow development of new strategies for therapeutic intervention in immune-mediated diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.091101.091806
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 177
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INNATE IMMUNE RECOGNITION (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The innate immune system is a universal and ancient form of host defense against infection. Innate immune recognition relies on a limited number of germline-encoded receptors. These receptors evolved to recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism produced by microbial pathogens, but not by the host. Recognition of these molecular structures allows the immune system to distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. Toll-like receptors play a major role in pathogen recognition and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. Stimulation of Toll-like receptors by microbial products leads to the activation of signaling pathways that result in the induction of antimicrobial genes and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, stimulation of Toll-like receptors triggers dendritic cell maturation and results in the induction of costimulatory molecules and increased antigen-presenting capacity. Thus, microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors helps to direct adaptive immune responses to antigens derived from microbial pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 178
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E PROTEIN FUNCTION IN LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 301-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lymphocytes arise from hematopoietic stem cells through the coordinated action of transcription factors. The E proteins (E12, E47, HEB and E2-2) have emerged as key regulators of both B and T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes the current data and examines the various functions of E proteins and their antagonists, Id2 and Id3, throughout lymphoid maturation. Beyond an established role in B and T lineage commitment, E proteins continue to be essential at subsequent stages of development. E protein activity regulates the expression of surrogate and antigen receptor genes, promotes Ig and TCR rearrangements, and coordinates cell survival and proliferation with developmental progression in response to TCR signaling. Finally, this review also discusses the role of E47 as a tumor suppressor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.092501.162048
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 179
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERACTION OF HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS WITH PEPTIDES AND ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS: Chaperoning of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 395-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heat shock proteins are abundant soluble intracellular proteins, present in all cells. Members of the heat shock protein family bind peptides including antigenic peptides generated within cells. Heat shock proteins also interact with antigen presenting cells through CD91 and other receptors, eliciting a cascade of events including re-presentation of heat shock protein-chaperoned peptides by MHC, translocation of NFkappaB into the nuclei and maturation of dendritic cells. These consequences point to a key role of heat shock proteins in fundamental immunological phenomena such as activation of antigen presenting cells, indirect presentation (or cross-priming), and chaperoning of peptides during antigen presentation. Heat shock proteins appear to have been involved in innate immune responses since the emergence of phagocytes in early multicellular organisms and to have been commandeered for adaptive immune responses with the advent of specificity. These properties of heat shock proteins also allow them to be used for immunotherapy of cancers and infections in novel ways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064801
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 180
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE IMMUNOLOGY OF MUCOSAL MODELS OF INFLAMMATION1 (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 495-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In recent years the status of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) as canonical autoimmune diseases has risen steadily with the recognition that these diseases are, at their crux, abnormalities in mucosal responses to normally harmless antigens in the mucosal microflora and therefore responses to antigens that by their proximity and persistence are equivalent to self-antigens. This new paradigm is in no small measure traceable to the advent of multiple models of mucosal inflammation whose very existence is indicative of the fact that many types of immune imbalance can lead to loss of tolerance for mucosal antigens and thus inflammation centered in the gastrointestinal tract. We analyze the immunology of the IBDs through the lens of the murine models, first by drawing attention to their common features and then by considering individual models at a level of detail necessary to reveal their individual capacities to provide insight into IBD pathogenesis. What emerges is that murine models of mucosal inflammation have given us a road map that allows us to begin to define the immunology of the IBDs in all its complexity and to find unexpected ways to treat these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064816
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 181
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETIC DISSECTION OF IMMUNITY TO MYCOBACTERIA: The Human Model (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 581-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Humans are exposed to a variety of environmental mycobacteria (EM), and most children are inoculated with live Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. In addition, most of the world's population is occasionally exposed to human-borne mycobacterial species, which are less abundant but more virulent. Although rarely pathogenic, mildly virulent mycobacteria, including BCG and most EM, may cause a variety of clinical diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and EM M. ulcerans are more virulent, causing tuberculosis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer, respectively. Remarkably, only a minority of individuals develop clinical disease, even if infected with virulent mycobacteria. The interindividual variability of clinical outcome is thought to result in part from variability in the human genes that control host defense. In this well-defined microbiological and clinical context, the principles of mouse immunology and the methods of human genetics can be combined to facilitate the genetic dissection of immunity to mycobacteria. The natural infections are unique to the human model, not being found in any of the animal models of experimental infection. We review current genetic knowledge concerning the simple and complex inheritance of predisposition to mycobacterial diseases in humans. Rare patients with Mendelian disorders have been found to be vulnerable to BCG, a few EM, and M. tuberculosis. Most cases of presumed Mendelian susceptibility to these and other mycobacterial species remain unexplained. In the general population leprosy and tuberculosis have been shown to be associated with certain human genetic polymorphisms and linked to certain chromosomal regions. The causal vulnerability genes themselves have yet to be identified and their pathogenic alleles immunologically validated. The studies carried out to date have been fruitful, initiating the genetic dissection of protective immunity against a variety of mycobacterial species in natural conditions of infection. The human model has potential uses beyond the study of mycobacterial infections and may well become a model of choice for the investigation of immunity to infectious agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.081501.125851
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 182
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NATURAL KILLER CELL RECEPTORS: Multiple Molecular Solutions to Self, Nonself Discrimination* (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 853-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to T cell receptors, signal transducing cell surface membrane molecules involved in the regulation of responses by cells of the innate immune system employ structures that are encoded in the genome rather than generated by somatic recombination and that recognize either classical MHC-I molecules or their structural relatives (such as MICA, RAE-1, or H-60). Considerable progress has recently been made in our understanding of molecular recognition by such molecules based on the determination of their three-dimensional structure, either in isolation or in complex with their MHC-I ligands. Those best studied are the receptors that are expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, but others are found on populations of T cells and other hematopoietic cells. These molecules fall into two major structural classes, those of the immunoglobulin superfamily (KIRs and LIRs) and of the C-type lectin-like family (Ly49, NKG2D, and CD94/NKG2). Here we summarize, in a functional context, the structures of the murine and human molecules that have recently been determined, with emphasis on how they bind different regions of their MHC-I ligands, and how this allows the discrimination of tumor or virus-infected cells from normal cells of the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064812
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 183
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYTOKINE MODULATORS AS NOVEL THERAPIES FOR ASTHMA (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 81-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cytokines play a critical role in orchestrating and perpetuating inflammation in asthmatic airways and several specific cytokine and chemokine inhibitors are now in development for the treatment of asthma. Inhibition of IL-4 with soluble IL-4 receptors has shown promising early results in asthma. Anti-IL-5 antibody is very effective at inhibiting peripheral blood and airway eosinophils but does not appear to be effective in symptomatic asthma. Inhibitory cytokines, such as IL-10, interferons, and IL-12 are less promising because systemic delivery produces intolerable side effects. Inhibition of TNF-alpha may be useful in severe asthma. Many chemokines are involved in the inflammatory response of asthma, and small-molecule inhibitors of chemokine receptors are in development. CCR3 antagonists are now in clinical development for the treatment of asthma. Because so many cytokines are involved in asthma, drugs that inhibit the synthesis of multiple cytokines may prove to be more useful. Several such classes of drug are now in clinical development, and the risk of side effects with these nonspecific inhibitors may be reduced by the inhaled route of delivery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.111901.111143
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 184
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEIN ALLERGENICITY ASSESSMENT OF FOODS PRODUCED THROUGH AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Foods produced through agricultural biotechnology are reaching the consumer marketplace. These novel foods should be assessed for their safety, including their potential allergenicity. Agricultural biotechnology involves the introduction of novel proteins into the modified foods, and proteins can be allergenic. The potential allergenicity of the introduced proteins can be evaluated by focusing on the source of the gene, the homology of the newly introduced protein to known allergens, the reactivity of the novel protein with IgE antibodies from the serum of individuals with known allergies to the source of the transferred DNA or to materials that are broadly related to the source of the transferred DNA, the resistance of the novel protein to pepsin, and the immunoreactivity of the novel protein in appropriate animal models. Additional factors, such as the level of expression of the novel protein in the modified food and expression in the edible portion of the food, may also yield valuable insights. Applying such criteria provides a reasonable approach to determining whether or not the novel protein is likely to become an allergen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.082401.130208
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 185
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHALLENGES FOR BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS AND PHARMACOGENOMICS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 113-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pharmacogenomics requires the integration and analysis of genomic, molecular, cellular, and clinical data, and it thus offers a remarkable set of challenges to biomedical informatics. These include infrastructural challenges such as the creation of data models and databases for storing these data, the integration of these data with external databases, the extraction of information from natural language text, and the protection of databases with sensitive information. There are also scientific challenges in creating tools to support gene expression analysis, three-dimensional structural analysis, and comparative genomic analysis. In this review, we summarize the current uses of informatics within pharmacogenomics and show how the technical challenges that remain for biomedical informatics are typical of those that will be confronted in the postgenomic era.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.082401.140850
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 186
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DRUG EFFICACY AT G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 349-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Efficacy has been defined in receptor pharmacology as a proportionality factor denoting the amount of physiological response a given ligand imparts to a biological system for a given amount of receptor occupancy. While first defined in terms of response, the concept can be expanded to a wide variety of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) behaviors, which includes pleiotropic interaction with multiple G proteins, internalization, oligomerization, desensitization, and interaction with membrane auxilliary proteins. Thus, there can be numerous types of efficacy, and different ligands can have a range of efficacies for different receptor behaviors. This review discusses the use of the efficacy concept in GPCR models based on the thermodynamic linkage theory and also in terms of the protein ensemble theory, in which macroaffinity of ligands for an ensemble of receptor microstates produces a new ligand-bound ensemble. The pharmacological characteristics of the ligand emerge from the intersection of the ligand-bound ensemble with the various ensembles defining pharmacological receptor behaviors. Receptor behaviors discussed are activation of G proteins; ability to be phosphorylated, desensitized, and internalized; formation of dimers and oligomers; and the interaction with auxiliary membrane and cytosolic proteins. The concepts of ligand-specific receptor conformation and conditional efficacy are also discussed in the context of ligand control of physiological response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.091401.113012
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 187
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND INHIBITION OF CHEMOKINES (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 469-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemokines are the largest family of cytokines in human immunophysiology. These proteins are defined by four invariant cysteines and are categorized based on the sequence around the first two cysteines, which leads to two major and two minor subfamilies. Chemokines function by activating specific G protein-coupled receptors, which results in, among other functions, the migration of inflammatory and noninflammatory cells to the appropriate tissues or compartments within tissues. Some of these proteins and receptors have been implicated or shown to be involved in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and infection by HIV-1. The three-dimensional structure of each monomer is virtually identical, but the quaternary structure of chemokines is different for each subfamily. Structure-function studies reveal several regions of chemokines to be involved in function, with the N-terminal region playing a dominant role. A number of proteins and small-molecule antagonists have been identified that inhibit chemokine activities. In this review, we discuss aspects of the structure, function, and inhibition of chemokines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.091901.115838
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 188
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF S-NITROSOTHIOLS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 42 (2002), S. 585-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract S-nitrosothiols are biological metabolites of nitric oxide. It has often been suggested that they represent a more stable metabolite of nitric oxide that can either be stored, or transported, although the evidence for this is sparse. There are many unanswered questions concerning how S-nitrosothiols are formed, how they are metabolized and how they elicit biological responses. These questions are highlighted by the fact that the known chemistry of nitric oxide, thiols, and S-nitrosothiols cannot serve to explain their proposed biological activities. This review attempts to highlight the gulf between our chemical understanding of S-nitrosothiols and the proposed biological activities of these compounds with respect to guanylyl cyclase-independent nitric oxide bioactivity and also the control of vascular tone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.092501.104328
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 189
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘De–Humanised Females and Amazonians’: British Wartime Fashion and its Representation in Home Chat, 1914–1918 (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Gender & history 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0424
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: History
    Notes: Popular representations of the fashionably dressed female body between 1914 and 1918 were highly contradictory and, as this essay will show, were sharply delineated in Home Chat, one of a growing number of relatively new women’s magazines which addressed the needs of an expanding skilled working–class and lower–middle–class female readership. Aiming to provide women with practical advice about all aspects of their daily lives, from the traditional concerns of fashion and beauty, marriage and children, to the more contentious issue of women’s aspirations beyond the home, Home Chat was uniquely placed to reflect shifting gender and class relations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00280
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 190
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Anti–Mini Militants Meet Modern Misses’: Urban Style, Gender and the Politics of ‘National Culture’ in 1960s Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Gender & history 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0424
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: History
    Notes: This essay examines a 1968–9 campaign by Tanzania’s ruling party Youth League to outlaw mini–skirts and other ‘indecent’ fashions as ‘decadent’ affronts to Tanzanian ‘national culture’. It situates the intense, public debate on the campaign both in terms of the state’s contested national cultural project, and in relation to intersecting anxieties about shifts in women’s work and mobility in urban space, and the politics of sex in postcolonial Dar es Salaam. Arguing that ‘the city’ ndash; both as an imagined space and as the site of particular, gendered social struggles – is central to understanding the campaign, the essay charts attempts by the ban’s opponents to fashion viable personas and notes the limits of these attempts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00283
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 191
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Gender & history 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0424
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00261
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the Geography of Innovation: Evidence from Patent Data (2002)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines the evolution of patent activities across U.S. states from 1963 to 1997. Several patterns are uncovered. First, there is invention catch-up by some lagging states. Second, the evidence is consistent with knowledge diffusion. Third, leading states unable to reinvent themselves lose their leads. Fourth, catch-up can be across a diverse field of activities or focused on select activities. State patent growth is positively correlated to industry R&D and a variable capturing labor skill and infrastructure quality. These provide rationale for state policy makers to increase support to programs that enhance labor skill (e.g., education) and infrastructure quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00204
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 193
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Note: Direct Impact of an Airport on Travelers' Expenditures: Methodology and Application (2002)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Economic impact studies overestimate the direct impact of an airport on travelers' expenditures. This occurs for two reasons. First, impact studies assume that the number of visitors traveling to the local area via the airport would fall to zero in the absence of the airport. Second, impact studies implicitly assume that local residents would continue to travel outside the local area in the same numbers as when the local airport is available. In other words, it is assumed that the demand for travel into the local area by visitors is perfectly elastic with respect to the time and money costs of travel, while the demand for travel by local residents is perfectly inelastic with respect to these variables. This paper develops a methodology that avoids both of these sources of error by explicitly incorporating air travel demand into the analysis. The methodology is applied to Tampa International Airport for the year 1996. It is shown that using the standard methodology would have resulted in an estimate of direct impacts sixteen times the size of the estimate made by using the methodology of this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00207
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 194
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Capital, Networks, and Community Environments in Bangkok, Thailand (2002)
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the case of Bangkok where, as in many Asian cities, the expansion of urban areas has outpaced the ability of public entities to manage and provide basic services. One potential way to improve the capacity of neighborhoods to assist in provision or improvement in environmental services is to enhance the positive contributions provided by local social networks and social capital. A conceptual framework is presented to explore the role of social networks in environmental management in polluted urban environments. This is followed by a brief description of the methodology and survey instrument used to collect information from a sample of community households in Bangkok and an analysis of the results from this survey regarding environmental practices, community action, and social networks. Some of the results suggest that increasing the number of social interactions that residents of a community experience is associated with increased community participation as, apparently, is increasing knowledge about what happens to waste or waste water after it leaves the community. Local public education efforts that focus on useful knowledge about environmental impacts may well be an effective way to encourage community participation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00206
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Education in Self–Employment Success in Finland (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper analyzes the effect of self–employed persons’ education on the success of their firms during the economic downturn and upturn of the 1990's. It is found that the business cycle affects the relative closure rates of firms run by self–employed with any level of education. Exit probability is lower for the highly educated during bust, but higher in boom. This is accounted for by two facts. First, running a small firm is argued to be a less attractive choice to wage work, particularly for the highly educated, due to lower earning prospects, less stable stream of earnings, and the cultural tradition of working in large corporations. Second, the highly educated faced a higher outside demand for their labor than did the less educated during economic upturn. Finally, it was found that regardless of the state of aggregate economy, firms run by the highly educated have higher growth probabilities than those run by less educated persons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00188
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 196
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forging Ahead and Falling Behind: Changing Regional Inequalities in Post-reform China (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This study analyzes the evolution of China’s regional inequalities during the reform period of 1978–1998 based on three geographical scales, both output and livelihood indicators of economic well-being and three measures of inequality. The results indicate that interprovincial and regional inequalities declined between 1978 and 1990, but have widened steadily since 1990. Urban-rural disparity diminished before 1984, then experienced a decade-long surge afterwards to peak in 1994 at a much higher level and since 1994, it has been declining again. The levels of regional inequalities in China appear to be sensitive to changes in government development strategies and regional policies. Differential growth of the provincial economies shaped by the coast-oriented and urban-biased development strategies as well as selective open-door policy implemented by the Chinese government after the reform is the key to understanding the wax and wane in China’s regional inequalities. This paper discusses the factors that account for the changing regional inequalities in post-reform China and argues that government policies are likely to continue to influence the future trajectories of inequality change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0017-4815.00179
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book Reviews (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Char Miller, Fluid Arguments: Five Centuries of Western Water ConflictMichael Dear, (ed.) From Chicago to L.A.: Making Sense of Urban TheoryMartin Dangerfield, Subregional Economic Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: The Political Economy of CEFTAKenneth Button and Roger Stough, Air Transport Networks: Theory and Policy Implications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2257.00184
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Returning and New Montana Migrants: Socio-economic and Motivational Differences [This paper] (2002)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Growth and change 33 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2257
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Economics
    Notes: This paper examines return migrants and new migrants to Montana: Who are they? Why do they move? Do return migrants move for different reasons than new migrants? Data from the 1994–1997 Montana Poll, a representative survey of Montana households, are used. A comparison of socio-economic differences of return and new migrants shows that the two migrant types are very similar in terms of education, income, and age. This stands in contrast to the findings of others who maintain that return migrants are negatively selected with respect to education. Logistic regressions were employed to identify the effect of age and place ties on reasons for moving. Return migrants and new migrants move to Montana for very similar reasons, with family being the most important primary reason for moving. Moving for lifestyle reasons, such as environmental quality and urban amenities, were found to systematically change with age. This could explain why people return to a place they left earlier in life. While other research on return migration compared return migrants and other migrants who left the same place of origin, this paper offers a comparison of return migrants and other migrants who seek out the same destination. Results from the Montana Poll suggest that the same destination attracts return migrants and new migrants with similar socio-economic characteristics who move there for very similar reasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2001.00283.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examining the Assumption (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Heythrop journal 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2265
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: Many believe that at the end of her life Mary was assumed bodily ‘into heaven’ where she remains exalted by her divine son. This claim, magisterially entitled The Doctrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, strikes some as absurd. Even many traditional Christians are opposed to, or have doubts about this aspect of Catholic doctrine (as they do of its non–defined equivalent among the Eastern Orthodox marked by the feast of the koimesis (dormition) of the Theotokos[the one who ‘gave birth to’ God]).Typically critics regard the doctrine as being at best a sentimental piety and at worst a neo–Pagan accretion entirely lacking in support from any appropriate quarter. Others go further, however; suggesting that it is not simply without biblical or other evidential warrant but is in some way incoherent. Here I explore some of the sources of difficulties that confront any attempt to present and defend the doctrine.Ancient and mediaeval accounts often relate narratives of Mary’s final days. Significantly, however, they also reason that given Mary’s unique status the Assumption must have happened because it should have done. I consider this style of deductive theology before examining certain historical presentations, in which I argue that there may be material evidence of the tradition as far back as the end of the persecution of Diocletian around the time of the Edict of Milan.Thereafter I take up the philosophical problems, exploring various possibilities and suggesting that acknowledging Aquinas’s insistence on the impoverished nature of disembodied human souls, and their need of resurrected embodiment is consistent with Mary’s unique role that the mode of her present existence is of a different order to that of other separated subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2265.00202
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does God Know What It is Like to be Me? (2002)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Heythrop journal 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2265
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: Does God knows what it is like to be me? Scripture and religious tradition seem quite clear that God knows everything about us, even the deepest secrets of our hearts. There is nothing hidden from him. And this is an answer backed up by a more philosophical theology; for among the traditional list of divine attributes is omniscience: knowing everything that there is to know. The idea, moreover, seems essential to the ordinary religious consciousness, for how can God really help us, or fairly judge us, unless he knows exactly what things are like for us?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2265.00203
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...