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  • 1992  (7)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1990-1994  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of nutritional and genetic factors on larval performance of the cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 62 (1992), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; cinnabar moth ; insect genetics ; larval performance ; Lepidoptera ; nutritional ecology ; nitrogen ; sugar ; Tyria jacobaeae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a laboratory experiment using full-sibs, 60% of the variation in pupal weight of the monophage Tyria jacobaeae L. (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) could be explained by variation in the nitrogen concentration of the food plant, Senecio jacobaea L. and only 4% by variation in sugar concentration. Larval weight and growth rates of young and old larvae were also positively correlated with nitrogen and sugar concentration. Developmental time was negatively correlated with nitrogen concentration. In a second experiment full-sib families differed significantly in larval weight at day 7, mortality, growth rate and developmental time. Pupal weight did not differ significantly among families, but was positively correlated with nitrogen concentration of Senecio. Larval performance was not significantly influenced by concentrations of sugars or alkaloids. We conclude that larval performance of Tyria during most of the larval period is mainly determined by genetic factors, but pupal weights are primarily determined by nitrogen concentration of the food plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185638
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of alkaloids by differential pulse polarography. III Corydalis alkaloids (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 4 (1992), S. 737-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; pulse polarography ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Corydalis alkaloids have been investigated by differential pulse polarography as part of our continuing study of alkaloids. In this study, the alkaloidal content of Corydalis solida (L.) subsp. solida was determined. The results were compared by their structure and reduction mechanism. Quantitative analysis illustrates that Corydalis alkaloids can be determined down to sub-ppm level using differential pulse polarography in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 10. The amount of the various alkaloids in Corydalis solida (L.) subsp. solida have been shown. It was concluded that the reduction process at the dropping mercury electrode was catalytic in nature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140040712
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycyclic Aromatic Alkaloids, 8. The Structure of Neocalliactine Acetate  -  Proof by Total Synthesis (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1205-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Calliactine ; Neocalliactine acetate ; Alkaloids ; Calliactis parasitica ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The pentacyclic compound 1 is prepared in six steps by starting from 5,8-quinolinedione (7). Its spectral data are in accordance with those of neocalliactine acetate, a derivative or the marine alkaloid calliactine. This represents the first definite confirmation of the structure of neocalliactine acetate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1992199201199
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Carbolin-Alkaloide, I. Synthese von 1-Aryl- und 1-Alkenyl-β-carbolinen durch Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1315-1319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: β-Carbolines ; Komaroine ; Perlolyrine ; Pavettine ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: β-Carboline Alkaloids, I.  -  Syntheses of 1-Aryl- and 1-Alkenyl-β-carbolines by Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions1-Chloro-β-carboline (6) is prepared in three steps starting from tryptamine (3). Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of 6 with aryl boronic acids offer an easy access to the alkaloids komaroine (11) and perlolyrine (15). Pavettine (16) is prepared by coupling of 6 with tributylvinylstannane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1992199201216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine kurze, effektive Synthese von rac-Deplanchein (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1321-1323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Deplancheine ; Indoles ; β-Carbolines ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Short and Effective Synthesis of rac-DeplancheineTryptamine and dimethyl methoxyallylidenemalonate (1) react to give the divinylogous urethane 2, which yields by reaction with acroleine under acid catalysis the β-carboline 3a. Reductive decarboxylation gives the target compound deplancheine (4a) in excellent overall yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1992199201217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solanum Alkaloids, 124. Preparation of N-Hydroxyspirosolane Alkaloids (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1992 (1992), S. 1091-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Solasodines ; Tomatidines ; Alkaloids ; Solanum steroid alkaloids ; Spirosolanes ; Steroids ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The N-Hydroxyspirosolane alkaloids N-hydroxysolasodine (1) and N-hydroxytomatidine (10) as well as the N-hydroxy-22,26-epiminocholestene 7 have been prepared by oxidation of the respective amines 2, 11, and 5 with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of selenium dioxide.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1992199201179
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Enchanting Alkaloids of YuzurihaThis review article grew out of a series of lectures presented in Germany in July 1990, as the Merck-Schuchardt Lectureship. The full details of our work on the total synthesis of Daphniphyllum alkaloids are reported in a series of articles recently published in the Journal of Organic Chemistry: see ref. [1]. (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 31 (1992), S. 665-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Synthetic methods ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oriental plant Yuzuriha (Daphniphyllum macropodum) elaborates a fascinating family of polycyclic, squalene-derived alkaloids that provide a test for state-of-the-art methods of organic synthesis. The intriguing structures of these natural products have inspired us to design and explore two rather different approaches for their laboratory synthesis. This article recounts and contrasts these two different syntheses. The first approach was based on a method of synthetic design that emphasizes efficient construction of the polycyclic skeleton of the molecule (Corey's “network analysis”). A strategic bond was identified and the synthesis planned around the late formation of this bond. The synthesis that was designed by this approach proceeded smoothly until the point where it was necessary to remove functional groups that had been incorporated solely for the purpose of forming the strategic bond. Although the problems were eventually overcome, the resulting synthesis was too long and did not control the configuration of one of the stereocenters. The second approach was based on a possible biosynthesis of one of the alkaloids and provided surprisingly easy access to the simpler members of the family. The success of this synthesis led to a concrete proposal about the biosynthesis of the alkaloids and to the discovery of the astonishing transformation depicted in Scheme 27. In this marvelous reaction, an acyclic squalene derivative is converted by successive treatment with ordinary commodity chemicals into a pentacyclic alkaloid. The transformation involves the formation of four carbon-carbon bonds, two carbon-nitrogen bonds, and one carbon-hydrogen bond!
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199206653
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative Condensation of Quaternary Phenolic BasesBased on lectures delivered at the International Symposium on Organic Chemistry held by the Societé Chimique de Belgique in Brussels, June 15th, 1962, the XIXth IUPAC Congress in London, July 11th, 1963, a Gordon Research Conference in New Hampton, August 2nd, 1963, and at several American universities and research institutes.Dedicated to Prof Dr. H. Brockmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 192-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phenolic bases ; Alkaloids ; Condensation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Provided they contain quaternary nitrogen, simple phenolic bases can undergo oxidative condensation under conditions similar to those of biogenesis to form alkaloids of the isoquinoline series with good yields. By means of such oxidative condensations, more than sixty alkaloids of various structural types have become more easily obtainable. Of the numerous possible condensations of the intermediate mesomeric radicals only those which lead to naturally occurring alkaloids give good yields and few by-products. The results suggest that oxidative condensations of quaternary bases are also involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids in the plant cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196401921
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar Addition of Hydrogen Halides onto OlefinsThis work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 245-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Addition ; Alkenes ; Electrophilic reactions ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various structures have been proposed for the intermediates of electrophilic additions onto olefins; these include halonium ions, classical carbonium ions, π-complexes (i.e. nonclassical carbonium ions), and π-complexes with back-coordination. It is shown here that it is impossible to use any one of these entities alone to explain all such electrophilic additions; the electrophile itself determines the nature of the transition state formed. Polar addition of hydrogen halides onto olefins appears to proceed via a classical carbonium ion which does not occur as the free ion but as an undissociated ion pair. Various other mechanisms have been excluded by studies reported here of the stereochemical course of such additions.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196402451
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Biosynthesis of Alkaloids IIPart I of this review appeared in Angew. Chem. Internet. Edit. 2, 341 (1963). (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 441-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196304411
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type and Extent of Isomerization of Straight-Chain Mono-olefins during the Koch Carboxylic Acid SynthesisReported in part at the meeting of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker, Aachen 1961; Angew. Chem. 73, 767 (1961). (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 719-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Koch carboxylic acid synthesis ; Carboxylic acids ; Alkenes ; Isomerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When straight-chain mono-olefins, from pentene to decene, are subjected to the Koch carboxylic acid synthesis by the addition of CO and H2O or CH3OH in the presence of strongly acidic catalysts, not only the expected secondary acids, but also mixtures of a specific type of tertiary acids or their methyl esters are formed. When the catalysts contain boron trifluoride, the secondary acids are formed in ratios of isomers which are, within the scope of this investigation, independent of the experimental conditions and which agree well with the values calculated from the isomer equilibria of the corresponding n-olefins. Using concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, a larger proportion of tertiary acids is obtained than with BF3-catalysis, and amongst the secondary acids, those isomers predominate in which the COOH group is situated near the centre of the molecule.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196307191
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Biogenesis of Ergot AlkaloidsDedicated to Professor Hans von Euler on the occasion of his 90th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ergot alkaloids ; Alkaloids ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article the biogenesis of the ergoline ring in lysergic acid derivatives and the clavines is discussed. T·yptophan and mevalonic acid are the precursors. The N-methyl group is supplied by formate or methionine. Concepts and results dealing with the manner in which the compounds are formed are discussed. Finally, the known biogenetic relationships among the ergot alkaloids are discussed in connection with their biogenesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196302431
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers under the Influence of Ionizing Radiation (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 295-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Emulsion polymerization ; Polymerization ; Polymerization ; Alkenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionizing radiation induces the polymerization of some vinyl monomers in aqueous emulsion with high radiation yields. With identical emulsion compositions, the kinetics of this reaction and the kinetics of emulsion polymerization induced by water-soluble initiators are very similar. The rate of reaction in emulsion polymerization is about one hundred times greater than in bulk polymerization. The initiation of emulsion polymerization by means of ionizing radiation permits uniform “illumination” of the reacting volume, as well as almost any desired variation in the frequency of initiation during the reaction. The sharp decrease in the overall rate of reaction when initiation is interrupted during emulsion polymerization of styrene induced by γ-rays contradicts the earlier concept of sharply separated reaction zones.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196302951
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Biosynthesis of Alkaloids IPart II of this review will appear in a subsequent issue of this journal.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Adolf Butenandt on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 341-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196303411
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of Olefins with the Titanium-Carbon BondDedicated to Prof. Dr. Karl Ziegler on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 704-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Titanium ; Alkenes ; Polymerization ; Titanium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: At low temperatures, ethylene and α-olefins (Δ1-olefins or 1-alkenes) are rapidly converted into oligomrs by the two-component organometallic catalyst CH3TiCl3·CH3AlCl2. To achieve smooth oligomerizations, aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons must be used as solvents. Although the activity of the titanium-carbon bond is enhanced by the aluminum component of the catalyst, the aluminum and its methyl group do not participate in the reaction proper; the latter proceeds exclusively at the titanium-carbon bond. The reaction will olefins can be used as an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the titanium-carbon bond in admixture with the organoaluminum component. It is thus possible to follow the reaction leading to formation of the catalyst from titanium tertrachloride, as well as the processes occurring at the titanium-carbon bond during the oligomerization of olefins. All the observations indicate that the catalyst possesses an ionic structure which is determined by the solvent. It is shown that the initial reaction step probably involves formation of a complex between the olefin and the alkyltitanium cation. The reaction scheme proposed is based on organometallic reactions which are characterized by carbanion and hydride transfers within the olefin-cation complex. This mechanism, which is unusual for Ziegler catalysts, is due to the predominance of hydride transfers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196307041
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