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  • 2000-2004
  • 1995-1999  (2,729)
  • 1890-1899  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 11-15 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Mebendazole–propionic acid complex ; molecular complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Recrystallization of the anthelmintic drug mebendazole from propionic acid yields a 1:1 molecular complex which crystallizes in the triclinic system space group $${P\bar 1}$$ , a = 5.928(2), b = 11.066(2), c = 14.337(6)Å, α = 94.89(3), β = 101.56(3), γ = 96.18(2)°, and Z = 2 complex units in the unit cell. An x-ray diffraction study revealed an R 2 2 (8) hydrogen bonding system in the complex, involving the unprotonated imidazole N and amide N–H function of the drug and the acid carboxylic group. Complex molecules form centrosymmetric dimers by intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding involving the protonated imidazole N atom and the benzoyl O atom of the drug molecule.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cu(II) complex ; crystal structure ; EPR spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound, Cu(glyglygly)Br·1·5H2O, crystallizes in the space group C2/c, with a = 21.468(7), b = 6.716(5), c = 16.166(6) Å, β = 98.39°, and Z = 8. The tripeptide is bonded to one Cu(II) ion through the nitrogen [Cu–N=1.97(1)Å] and oxygen [Cu–O=2.019(8)Å] atoms of the amino end glycine residue and to another Cu(II) through one oxygen atom [Cu–O=1.931(9)Å] of the terminal carboxyl group. This give rise to covalently bonded and infinite ···–Cu–tripeptide–Cu–··· chains. These chains are linked to one another by a network of H-bonds involving the water molecules and bromide ions. The Cu(II) ion is in a distorted tetragonal pyramidal coordination polyhedron. At the corner of the base of the pyramid are the terminal glycine nitrogen and oxygen atoms of one tripeptide, a carboxylic oxygen of another tripeptide and a bromide ion. The fivefold coordination is completed with a water molecule at the top of the pyramid [Cu–Ow=2.286(9)Å]. For all orientations of the applied magnetic field the single crystal EPR spectra display a single anisotropic exchange collapsed resonance without hyperfine structure. Its position was measured in three perpendicular planes and the crystal g-tensor evaluated from the data. This tensor is interpreted in terms of the contributing Cu(II) complexes in the unit cell to deduce the principal values g1 = 2.273, g2 = 2.050 and g3 = 2.131 for the molecular gyromagnetic tensor. We also discuss the magnitude of the exchange interaction between neighboring copper ions in the lattice on the basis of the features in the EPR spectra and the structural information.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-Methylnaphthalene ; hexachlorocyclopentadiene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 2-Methylnaphthalene undergoes Diels-Alder addition and substitution with hexachlorocyclopentadiene to give two products, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 1 and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,4b,5,8,8a,12b-octahydro-10-(1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-pentachlorocyclopentadienyl)methyl-1,4;5,8-dimethanotriphenylene 2. The molecular structure of 2 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography: C26H9Cl17, monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 15.316(3), b = 13.698(3), c = 16.116(3) Å, β = 96.113(3)°, and Z = 4.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Halobismuthate(III) ; phenanthroline ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction between bismuthate oxide and phen (1,10-phenanthroline) in acid medium led to the isolation of the unusual [(PhenH)(PhenH2)][BiCl6]·2H2O derivative, which has been characterized by X-ray analysis and IR spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$[\text[P\bar 1]]$$ with a = 8.313(2), b = 9.349(2), c = 9.807(3) Å, α = 86.39(3), β = 110.27(3) and γ = 106.48(3)°. The crystal structure is made of [BiCl6]3− anions and [(PhenH)(PhenH2)]3+ cations. A network of hydrogen bond interactions involving the two clathrated water molecules, the phenanthroline moiety and the chlorines characterizes the entire structure.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Lanthanum complex ; hexamethylenetetramine ; IR spectra ; thiocyanates ; coordination number nine ; tricapped trigonal prism ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound (LaC15H42N11O9S3) was prepared and characterized by means of X-ray, IR and Raman measurements. The crystals are orthorhombic: Pnma (No. 62), a = 21.117(2), b = 14.736(2), c = 10.082(1) Å, and Z = 4. The structure consists of polyhedra with a La(III) ion in the center of them and hexamethylene molecules, which link these polyhedra. Each La(III) ion coordinates seven molecules of water and two thiocyanate ions via nitrogen atoms. The IR and Raman spectra, which have been obtained and interpreted, are in good agreement with X-ray results.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cerium(IV) ; β-diketonate ; volatility ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The cerium(IV) β-diketonate compounds [Ce(β-diket)4] [where β-diket = tmhd (2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionate) 1, pmhd (1-phenyl-5-methylhexane-1,3-dionate) 2] were prepared by reacting cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate [CAN; Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6] with the respective Na(β-diket) compound in ethanol, and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ with a = 12.472(4), b = 19.972(5), c = 21.436(3) Å, α = 97.05(7), β = 90.16(2), γ = 106.55(3)°, V = 5076(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. with a = 14.817(6), b = 17.123(6), c = 19.146(3) Å, β = 105.46(4)°, V = 4682(3) Å3, Z = 4, T = 150(2) K. Crystals of 1 contain two independent [Ce(tmhd)4] molecules, with four chelating tmhd ligands bonded to each metal in a distorted dodecahedral arrangement; the cerium atom in 2 is also bonded to four chelating pmhd ligands but in this case the coordination geometry is closer to square antiprism. Both complexes are air and moisture stable. Sublimation studies reveal that 1 sublimes almost quantitatively, while 2 is comparatively involatile.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Nickel(II) complex ; crystal structure ; Schiff base
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A nickel(II) complex of the pyridine-2-aldehyde Schiff base of S-methyldithiocarbazate (HNNS) has been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR and UV-vis spectra. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic, space P21/c, with a = 14.092(2), b = 16.886(2), c = 8.857(2)Å; β = 105.78(3) °, V = 2028.2(6) Å3, and Z = 4. The nickel atom is octahedrally coordinated by two uninegatively charged tridentate Schiff base in a mer-configuration via the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom, and mecaptide sulfur atom.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 885-892 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Benztropine mesylate ; crystal structure ; thermal analysis ; dehydration kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of benztropine mesylate has been determined. It is orthorhombic, Pbca, with a = 12. 885(8)Å, b = 32.012(9)Å, and c = 10.027(3) Å. It exhibits similar packing to that seen in the previously reported crystal structure of benztropine mesylate monhydrate. X-ray powder diffraction patterns have been used to identify the anhydrous and monohydrate forms. The dehydration of the monohydrate follows a first-order reaction mechanism with activation energy of 92(8) kJ mol−1.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 521-527 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cadmium ; crown ether ; 15-crown-5 ; 18-crown-6 ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction of 15-crown-5 or 18-crown-6 in 3:1 (v/v) CH3CN:CH3OH with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O followed by slow evaporation produces [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] or [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)]. Crystals of [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] are orthorhombic with space group Pbca and cell parameters a = 13.562(5), b = 15.941(9), and c = 15.011(7) Å at 295 K. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 11.235(2), b = 11.196(5), c = 15.385(3) Å, and β = 99.89(2)° at 295 K. The metal center in [Cd(NO3)2(15-crown-5)] rests atop the macrocyclic donor array with two cis-bound nitrate anions and adopts a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. [Cd(NO3)2(18-crown-6)] resides on an equatorial two-fold rotation axis with Cd2+ coordinated in the 18-crown-6 cavity and the nitrate anions oriented in twisted trans positions.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 577-579 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: (−)—Crinine ; Pancratium ; alkaloid ; Amaryllidaceae ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract (−)—Crinine, C16H17NO3, is an alkaloid extracted from the bulbs of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae). The compound crystallizes in the space group P212121 with cell dimensions a = 6.040(1), b = 12.382(1), c = 17.861(2) Å, with Z = 4. The molecule has five rings and an OH group. The N-containing, five-membered ring and the D ring have envelope conformations. The A and B rings have distorted chair and half-chair conformations, respectively.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Metal carbonyl complexes ; chelate complexes ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The x-ray crystal structure of the complex η2-PDOW(CO)4 (five-membered ring, PDO = 2, 2, 4, 7, 7-pentamethyl-3,6-dithiaoctane) is reported. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, [#14] with unit cell parameters a = 14.002(14) Å, b = 9.340(10) Å, c = 15.094(12) Å, β = 92.67(4)°, V = 1972(3) Å3; Z = 4. The arrangement of the ligands around the metal atom is distorted from octahedral geometry. Large C–O bond distances and short W–C bond distances of the carbonyl groups located at a trans position with respect to PDO is indicative of a trans influence. The W–S(1) and W–S(2) bond distances of 2.545(3) and 2.545(2) Å, respectively, are shorter than observed for closely related complexes.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Triphenylsiloxy ; silanol ; borane ; crystal structure ; adduct
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P \bar 1$$ , with a = 14.458(6), b = 14.630(5), c = 14.721(8) Å, α = 79.75(2), β = 80.11(3), γ = 80.50(3)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of (Ph3SiO)3B and Ph3SiOH linked by an weak B···(silanol) acceptor-donor bond, additionally stabilized by OH(silanol)···O(siloxy) hydrogen bonds. The average B–O, Si–O distances and B–O–Si angle are 1.369, 1.649 Å and 137.2°, respectively.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Steroid ; pregnadiene ; x-ray diffraction ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound is C29H34O4, tetragonal, P43, a = b = 10.310(1), c = 23.871(2)Å. The A, B, C, and D rings adopt envelope, half-chair, chair, and distorted chair conformations, respectively. The phenyl ring is planar. The methyl substituents at the A/B, C/D, and at C(17) are axial; and the –OCOCH3 group at C(17) and phenyl ring at C(16) are equatorial. The molecules in the crystal are held together by van der Waals forces and several C–H···O hydrogen bond interactions.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 539-543 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Antimalarial ; crystal structure ; peroxy bridge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the antimalarial compound Artemisinin (formerly known as Qinghaosu), C15H22O5 has been determined by direct methods. Crystals are orthorhombic colorless needles, space group P212121, Z = 4. D c = 1.299 g cm −3, with unit cell parameters a = 6.3543(9), b = 9.439(3), c= 24.066(4) Å. The molecule incorporates a fused ring system containing a six-membered ring C which includes an oxygen bridge and a peroxy-bridge. The ring C has a distorted boat conformation and the C - O - O - C torsion angle is 47.8(2)°. Rings A and D have symmetrical chair and distorted chair conformations, repectively. Ring junctions A/B, A/D, and C/D are cis, junction B/D is trans. All inter-molecular contacts are van der Waals. The absolute configuration of Artemisinin was determined from the refined value of the Flack x parameter. [The atomic coordinates given in a previous structure analysis, “Crystal Structure and Absolute Configuration of Qinghaosu,” Qinghaosu Research Group, Institute of Biophysics, Academica Sinica, Scientia Sinica, Vol. XXIII No. 3, 380 (1980), do not display the molecule in its absolute configuration.]
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Ruthenium ; thioether macrocycle ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of a mixture of cis-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, cis-Me312S3, 1 and trans-3,7,11-trimethyl-l,5,9-trithiacyclododecane, trans-Me312S3, 2, with Ru6(CO)17(μ 6-C), 3, yielded three new cluster compounds Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 4, and two isomers of Ru6(CO)13(μ-η3-cis-SCH2CHMe(CH2SCH2CHMe)2CH2)(μ 6-C) 5a and 5b. The molecular structures of 4 and 5b were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In both complexes, the macrocycles have adopted tridentate coordination with one of the sulfur atoms in a bridging position. Two carbonyl ligands occupy bridging positions in each compound. Crystal Data for 4·Me2CO: space group=P21/n, a=11.295(1) Å, b=17.547(3) Å, c=20.318(3) Å, β=93.71(1)°, Z=4, 2900 reflections, R=0.025. Crystal Data for 5b·1.5 C6H6: space group=Pbca, a=31.8900(8) Å, b=23.4330(6) Å, c=21.6240(4) Å, Z=16, 12163 reflections, R=0.040.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Mixed-metal cluster ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation, magnetic properties, and crystal structure of [(salen)Cu]4[(salen)Fe(H2O)2]2(ClO4)2 via hydrogen bonding are described [salen=N,N′-ethylenebis (salicylideneiminate)]. Crystals are triclinic, of space group $$\rm P\bar 1$$ , with cell constants a=12.853(3), b=13.921(3), c=14.251(3) Å, α=68.68(3)°, β=87.86(3)°, γ=86.82(3)°, and Z=1. The structure was solved and refined to R=0.064 and R′=0.068. The structure comprises the hexanuclear units which result from the linking of four mononuclear fragments [(salen)Cu] and two mononuclear fragment [(salen)Fe(H2O)]+, through Cu -O ⋯ H -O -Fe -O -H ⋯ O -Cu hydrogen bonds of coordinating H2O. In this complex, FeIII ions are in almost square-planar surroundings. The temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibilities of the complex have been studied in the 4.2–300 K range, indicating the presence of an antiferromagnetic interactions between metal ions.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Dynamic disorder ; crystal structure ; ruthenium cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The disorder in the X-ray crystal structures of Ru3(CO)11(L), L=CN t Bu 1 and PMe3 3 has been re-examined. Crystallographic data for 1 at 100 K: C16H9NO11Ru3, space group P21/n, a=11.796(5), b=11.748(2), c=16.040(7) Å, β=109.81(3)°, Z=4, 6077 reflections, R=0.028. For 3 at 223 K: C14H9O11PRu3, space group P21/n, a=8.5971(15), b=12.391(7), c=40.345(8) Å, β=94.43(2)°, Z=8, 7966 reflections, R=0.031. The disorder present in 1 and 3 at room temperature disappears reversibly on cooling, showing that it is dynamic in origin. The ligator atoms of the isonitrile and phosphine ligands move by a maximum of ∼0.8 Å, indicating that the whole cluster does not rotate intact within the crystal lattice, but rather that the Ru3 triangle effectively oscillates within a relatively rigid ligand polyhedron. The crystal structure of Ru3(CO)9{P(OMe)3 3} 7, which crystallizes in triclinic (7-t) and monoclinic (7-m) modifications is also reported. Both modifications have two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, and both modifications display dynamic disorder in the metal framework. Crystalllographic data for 7-t at 173 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P-1, a=11.8085(18), b=15.915(2), c=17.350(3) Å, α=99.929(14), β=101.811(14), γ=90.630(12)°, Z=4, 11242 reflections, R=0.048. For 7-m at 120 K: C18H27O18P3Ru3, space group P21/c, a=11.708(8), b=15.922(5), c=33.950(10) Å, β=99.29(4), Z=8, 10191 reflections, R=0.027.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 559-563 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electroless Ni–Co–B alloy ; dimethylamineborane ; complexing agent ; deposition rate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Fundamental aspects of electroless Ni–B, Co–B and Ni–Co–B alloys have been systematically examined. The composition, crystal structure and deposition rate of the alloys were determined as a function of the concentration of reducing agent (dimethylamineborane) and complexing agents (tartrate, citrate, malonate and succinic acid), bath pH and Ni2+/Co2+ ratio. Changes in the deposition rate and metallurgical features of the alloys induced by the change in plating parameters are discussed, based on electrochemical polarization data and the formation enthalpy of the nickel and cobalt borides.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Copper ; 1,10-phenanthroline ; trifluoroacetate ; crystal structure ; magnetic exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compound [Cu(phen)(O2CCF3)2]n (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c, with a = 19.229(7), b = 11.281(5), c = 7.621(2) Å, β = 104.305(12)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure is polymeric, being built from infinite zigzag chains of trifluoroacetate bridged copper(II), with the phenanthroline ligands being stacked between the chains. The variable-temperature (13–300 K) magnetic susceptibility and ESR data are reported and a weak ferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed with the exchange parameter estimated as J = 2.9 cm−1.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 839-841 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: π-allyl ; carbonyl ; nitrile ; chloro ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic spacegroup P21/m with a = 6.796(9), b = 12.145(14), c = 7.749(8)Å, β = 101.86(1)°, and Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of molecules of [MoCl(CO)2(NCMe)2(η3-C3H4Me-2)] with crystallographically imposed Cs symmetry and has a pseudo-octahedral geometry, with the π-allyl group trans- to the chloro group and the two cis-carbonyl and acetonitrile groups occupying the equatorial plane.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,10-Phenanthroline ; bis-phenanthrolineprotium ; adduct ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Herzog's reported bis-1,10-phenanthrolineammonium perchlorate, [(phen)2(NH4)](ClO4) is in fact the known 2:1 adduct of l,10-phenanthroline (phen) with perchloric acid, [(phen)2H](CIO4). Its crystal structure, mode of formation, and properties are described. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group with $$P\bar 1$$ , a = 7.2510(8), b = 13.120(2), c = 22.083(12) Å, α = 77.4550(12), β = 84.45(2), γ = 82.204(14)°, V = 2026.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.510 g cm−3. It contains cationic columns of alternating 1,10-phenanthroline and its conjugate acid.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 645-648 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone ; marine alkaloid ; cytotoxic ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 2-Bromoleptoclinidinone methanol solvate, C18H8BrN3O·CH4O, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 15.7013(2), b = 7.3308(1), and c = 26.9326(1) Å. The molecule is essentially planar, with the largest deviations occurring at bromine (−0.21 Å), carbonyl oxygen O(l) (+0.19 Å) and in ring-A (C(9) −0.15 Å, C(10) −0.15 Å). Methanol occupies the 1,10-phenanthroline-like metal binding site of the title compound.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 925-929 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Quinoline ; chloroquine ; antimalarial ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The preparation of N12-(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)-N 1,N 1-diethyl-1,12-diaminododecane, AQ-40, was accomplished by a five-step process in 80% overall yield from 12-aminododecanoic acid and 4,7-dichloroquinoline. AQ-40 crystallizes as a monohydrate from reagent grade chloroform/ diethyl ether mixtures in the triclinc space group P-1 with a = 8.667(2), b = 8.9425(10), c = 17.217(3) Å, α = 99.34(1), β = 99.89(2), γ = 91.56(1)°, V = 1295.0 Å3 and Z = 2. The l2-(N 1,N 1-diethylamino)dodecyl side chain is in the fully extended conformation and the water molecule forms hydrogen bonds to the two tertiary nitrogen atoms as well as with the secondary amino group. The nitrogen of the secondary amino group bound to the four-position of the quinoline moiety is virtually planar. This together with the rather short C–N distance of 1.347(3) Å to the quinoline moiety suggests involvement of the lone pair on this nitrogen with the π system of the ring.
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  • 24
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Co(III) complex ; crystal structure ; kinetics ; steric effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, with a = 7.9209(5), b = 9.818(1), c = 16.867(2) Å, and Z = 4. The structure was solved employing 1864 independent x-ray reflections with I〉2σ(I) by Patterson and difference Fourier techniques and refined by full-matrix least-squares to R = 0.036. The trans-[CO(NH3)4(NH2CH3)Cl](ClO4)2 molecule is on a crystallographic mirror plane. The cobalt ion is in an elongated octahedral coordination with four equatorial ammonia ligands [average Co–N distance equal to 1.966(2) Å], an axial methylamine [Co–N=1.965(3)Å], and an axial chlorine ion [Co–Cl=2.2771(9)Å]. Kinetic steric effects of the complex are interpreted in terms of structural results.
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  • 25
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bismuth ; crystal structure ; inorganic polymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ethylenediammonium pentachlorobismuthate(III) dihydrate salt is monoclinic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 10.902(8)Å, b = 7.926(6)Å, c = 15.199(6)Å, β = 96.40(1)°, space group P21/n with Z = 4. The structure shows a layer arrangement parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis: planes of the [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra alternate with planes of [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ dications. The [Bi2Cl10]4− bioctahedra are connected through O(W)–H··· Cl hydrogen bonds, so that infinite unidimensional chains of composition [Bi2Cl10(H2O)2] n 4n− are formed in the structure parallel to the $$\vec a$$ axis. These chains are themselves interconnected by means of the N–H···Cl bonds originating from the [NH3(CH2)2NH3]2+ entities, forming a three-dimensional network.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Strontium ; triphenylsiloxy ; crystal structure ; ammonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title complex [Sr2(OSiPh3)4(NH3)5]·0.5C7H8 was prepared by the reaction of strontium metal granules with triphenylsilanol in an ammoniacal-toluene solution at −40°C. It crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 14.465(3), b = 20.715 (6), c = 25.199(6) Å, β = 95.98(2)°, and Z = 4. The complex has a dimeric structure with one terminal and three bridging triphenylsiloxy ligands, the remaining coordination sites being occupied by five ammonia molecules. The central Sr2O4N5 moiety adopts a distorted M2X9 face-sharing bioctahedral arrangement.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Mixed rubidium–ammonium acid sulfate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 has been determined by X-ray analysis. The mixed compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 14.374(6) Å, b = 4.618(6) Å, c = 14.412(2) Å, β = 118.03(2)°, V = 844.4(4) Å3, and D cal = 1.536 g cm−3 for Z = 8. The mixed compound Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 is a chain-based structure. The Rb+ and NH4 + cations are intercalated between chains, formed of HSO4 - groups linked with OH⋯O hydrogen-bonding. Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 presents a new type of structural arrangement different from those of pure RbHSO4 and NH4HSO4.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 2-[1,5-Dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-6-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; 2-[1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl]-3-amino-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of isoperezone (1), aminoperezone (2), and isoaminoperezone (3) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound (1) yields orange crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.271(6), b = 30.373(7), c = 7.257(1) Å, and Z = 4; compound (2) yields purple crystals, orthorhombic space group P212121 with unit cell dimensions a = 6.498(3), b = 7.500(1) c = 29.200(6) Å, and Z = 4; compound (3) yields purple crystals, monoclinic space group P21 with unit cell dimensions a = 7.354(1), b = 7.511(1), c = 13.283(1) Å, β = 102,07(1)°, and Z = 2. The side chains in (1)–(3) are oriented out of the plane of the quinone ring at an angle of 124, 144, and 97°, respectively. The molecules in the crystal are held together by hydrogen-bonding networks and van der Waals interactions.
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  • 29
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 639-643 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Tungsten(II) ; diiodo ; carbonyl ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [WI2(CO)3{P(OMe)3}2]crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pca21, with a = 26.924(5), b = 10.726(2), c = 14.136(3) Å, and Z = 8. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the metal atoms in each case being seven-coordinate with a capped fac-(CO)3 octahedral geometry. The molecular dimensions in the two molecules are nearly identical. The W–P distance to the capping atom 2.397 Å (average) is significantly shorter than the other W–P distance, 2.525 Å (average).
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Pyrimidine ; carboxamide ; sulfonyl ; chiral ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three novel dihydropyrimidine compounds N8,6-di(4-nitrophenyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (2), N8,6-di((4-methylphenyl)-sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-5-oxo-(7R)-phenyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo [3,2,c]pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (3) and N8,6-di ((4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl)-(3R)-ethyl-(7R)-methyl-5-oxo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2,c] pyrimidine-8-carboxamide (4) have been prepared (from 2-amino-1-butanol of 64.4% e.e.) and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. All three compounds contain stereogenic centers, but the crystal of (2) chosen was found to be racemic whilst those of (3) and (4) were found to be homochiral. Compound (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 17.958(4), b = 12.431(2), c = 9.653(2) Å, β = 96.20(3)°, U = 2142.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, and D c = 1.449 g cm−3. Compounds (3) and (4) both crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21, with a = 9.349(2), b = 5.824(5), c = 26.513(8) Å, β = 99.43(2)°, U = 1424.1(13) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.389 g cm−3 for (3), and a = 5.9526(9), b = 16.3521(10), c = 13.2263(11) Å, β = 92.81(12)°, U = 1285.9(2) Å3, Z = 2 and D c = 1.378 g cm−3 for (4).
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Heterotrimetallic sulfido cluster ; linear ; synthesis ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The complex Cu(PPh3)3I reacts with [Et4N]2MoS4 and FeBr2 to give the heterotrimetallic complexes [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1). [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 13.537(4), b = 15.316(4), c = 12.381(4) Å, α = 105.16(2), β = 93.27(3), γ = 101.18(2)°, and V = 2415.0(12) Å3 for Z = 2. The three metal atoms of the structure [Et4N][(Ph3P)2{CuS2MoS2Fe}Br2] (1) are nearly distributed along a line, where three metal atoms (Mo, Cu, Fe) are each in an approximate tetrahedral coordination, the lengths Mo-Fe and Mo-Cu distances are 2.772(2) and 2.798(2) Å, respectively.
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  • 32
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 447-452 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Bimetallic EDTA complex ; crystal structure ; antimony
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The synthesis and crystal structure of a new EDTA complex, [CaSb2(EDTA)2(H2O)8]n, are reported. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 7.132(1) Å, b = 21.893(3) Å, c = 10.891(2) Å, β = 91.15(2)°. Sb(EDTA) entities are connected through carboxylate bridges to the calcium atoms resulting in layers parallel to the (101) plane. These layers are linked through a weak Sb···O bond (3.171 Å). Pyrolysis of this complex under sulfur vapor, between 400 and 800°C, leads to a mixture of the monometallic sulfides. Pyrolysis in air above 700°C allows the easy preparation of the mixed oxide CaSb2O6.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1-1′-Diphosphaferrocene conformation ; P···P secondary bonding ; bis-[W(CO)5](l,l′-diphosphaferrocene system) ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of (3,3′,4,4′-tetramethyl-1,1′-diphosphaferrocen-2-yl)carboxylic acid (1) and its bis-[W(CO)5] pentane solvate complex (2) have been determined by X-ray analysis. The compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic P21 /n space group with Z = 4; a = 7.8404(9), b = 14.9441(16), c = 11.7730(14) Å, β = 92.773(10)°, V = 1377.8(3) Å3, and Dcalc = 1.553 g cm−3. The compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic $$P\bar 1$$ space group with two complex molecules and one pentane molecule in the unit cell. Cell parameters: a = 10.7070(2), b = 12.577(2), c = 13.239(3) Å, α = 84.00(2), β = 77.58(1), γ = 66.06(1)°, V = 1591.0(5) Å3, and Dcalc = 2.100 g cm−3 .The fully eclipsed conformation of the phospholyl rings with P···P secondary bonding of 3.353(1) Å is observed in 1 and a partially eclipsed conformation is found in 2. The 10 possible conformations of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocenes were described as the function of conformational parameter θ and observed geometry of the phospholyl rings.7 We suppose that the earlier conclusions concerning the destabilizing nature of 1,1′-diphosphaferrocene conformations with θ 〈 100° cannot be considered as general. The mode of W – P coordination, the structural changes of 1 by W(CO)5 coordination, the structural effect of phospholyl rings substitution by the –COOH group, and hydrogen bonds are analyzed.
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  • 34
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    Journal of chemical crystallography 28 (1998), S. 635-638 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cobalt(II) ; 2-aminobenzenethiol ; trimethylphosphite ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A cobalt-thiolato-phosphite complex [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]PF6 has been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$P\bar 1$$ with a = 10.590(4), b = 11.122(3), c = 13.577(5) Å, α = 101.85(1), β = 108.50(1), γ = 101.75(1)°, V = 1420.6(8) Å3, and Z = 2. The structure comprises discrete [Co(o-SC6H4NH2){P(OMe)3}3]+ cations and PF 6 − anions where the metal atom is coordinated in a highly distorted square-pyramidal environment by one chelate o-SC6H4NH 2 − (abt) and two P(OMe)3 ligands in the basal positions, and a third P(OMe)3 in the axial site with Co–N,, 1.847(5), Co–S, 2.166(2), Co–P, 2.157(2), 2.147(2), and 2.125(2) Å.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Silver cluster ; crystal structure ; tetrameric cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The sought-after member of the [(PDBP) n AgX] m (n, m=1,4; 2,2; 3,1; PDBP=5-Phenyldibenzophosphole, X=halides) series, the tetrameric [(PDBP)AgCl]4 cluster has been prepared and structurally characterized. The [P4Ag4Cl4] cluster core of [(PDBP)AgCl]4 bears striking similarity to that of [(Ph3P)AgCl]4.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: 1-Acetyl-indoline ; crystal structure ; electronic structure ; AM1 calculation ; CI calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of the following molecules have been determined: 1-acetyl-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-nitro-indoline, l-acetyl-5-nitro-7-bromo-indoline, 1-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitroindoline, and l-acetyl-5-bromo-7-nitro-indol. Molecular orbital calculations are performed for these compounds and two related species.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1572-8951
    Keywords: hydrogen bond ; ferrocenyl carbonyl proanoic ; supermolecule ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Selective recognition in the title compound, (C14H14FeO3)2 ċ (C10H8N2), between ferrocenyl carbonyl propanoic acid and 4,4'-bipyridine through strong O–-HċN intermolecular hydrogen bonds results in a novel supramolecular architecture. Its crystal structure has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods while its characterization has been studied by IR and DSC.
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  • 38
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    Structural chemistry 9 (1998), S. 39-45 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Enantioselective chromatographic technique ; chiral selector ; ergot alkaloid derivative ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of (+)1-(3-allylpropyl)-(5R,8S,10R)-N,N-diethyl-N′-[6-methylergolin-8-yl]urea, C22H33N4O (allyl-terguride), has been determined as part of a study on the chiral recognition mechanism of ergot alkaloids when they are used as the chiral stationary phase for the separation of racemic mixtures in liquid chromatographic methods. At the pH of the solution used for the crystallization, the molecules of allyl-terguride are protonated at N(6). All bond distances and angles are in the expected ranges. In the asymmetric unit one hydroxide ion is present. Hydrogen bonds join molecules of allyl-terguride in pairs along the b axis, connecting O(2) of the hydroxide ion to O(1) of one molecule and to N(2) and N(6) of another.
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  • 39
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    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 987-990 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: mullite ; MnO ; crystal structure ; electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) ; sol-gel chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gels were synthesized from solutions of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and aluminium nitrate (with and without manganese nitrate). The structural evolution of the gels as a function of manganese content and heat-treatment temperature was studied by visible spectrophotometry (VIS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the presence of manganese can induce mullitization at lower temperatures. However, the effect of manganese depends on its content and how it enters into the mullite structure.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Artificial neural network ; crystal structure ; statistics ; tetanus toxin ; botulinum neurotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Earlier studies used Rost and Sander's artificial neural network [(1993a), J. Mol. Biol. 232, 584–599] to predict the secondary structures [Lebeda and Olson (1994), Proteins 20, 293–300] and residue solvent accessibilities [Lebeda and Olson (1997), J. Protein Chem. 16, 607–618] of the clostridial neurotoxins. Because the X-ray crystal structure of the 50-kDa C-terminal half of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin was recently determined, this report evaluates the accuracy of these network-derived predictions. For this predominantly β-strand-containing fragment, predictions, on a per-residue basis, for both secondary structure and solvent accessibility were about 70% accurate. A more flexible and realistic analysis based on overlapping segments yielded accuracies of over 80% for the three-state secondary structure and for the two-state accessibility predictions. Because the accuracies of these predictions are comparable to those made by Rost and Sander using a dataset of 126 nonhomologous globular proteins, our predictions provide a quantitative foundation for gauging the results when building by homology the structures of related proteins.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1573-5079
    Keywords: bacterial photosynthesis ; crystal structure ; electron transfer ; proton transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Structural features that have important implications for the fundamental process of transmembrane proton transfer are examined in the recently published high resolution atomic structures of the reaction center (RC) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in the dark adapted state (DQAQB) and the charged separated state (D+QAQB −); the latter is the active state for proton transfer to the semiquinone. The structures have been determined at 2.2 Å and 2.6 Å resolution, respectively, as reported by Stowell et al. (1997) [Science 276: 812–816]. Three possible proton transfer pathways (P1, P2, P3) consisting of water molecules and/or protonatable residues were identified which connect the QB binding region with the cytoplasmic exposed surface at Asp H224 & Asp M240 (P1), Tyr M3 (P2) and Asp M17 (P3). All three represent possible pathways for proton transfer into the RC. P1 contains an uninterrupted chain of water molecules. This path could, in addition, facilitate the exchange of quinone for quinol during the photocycle by allowing water to move into and out of the binding pocket. Located near these pathways is a cluster of electrostatically interacting acid residues (Asp-L213, Glu-H173, Asp-M17, Asp H124, Asp-L210 and Asp H170) each being within 4.5 Å of a neighboring carboxylic acid or a bridging water molecule. This cluster could serve as an internal ‘proton reservoir’ facilitating fast protonation of QB − that could occur at a rate greater than that attainable by proton uptake from solution.
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Terminal oxidase ; redox coupling ; electrochemical gradient ; electron transport ; energy transduction ; proton translocation ; crystal structure ; site-directed mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract One of the challenging features of energy-transducing terminal oxidases, like the aa 3 cytochrome c oxidase of Paracoccus denitrificans, is the translocation of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane, which is coupled to the transfer of electrons to oxygen. As a prerequisite for a more advanced examination of the enzymatic properties, several amino acid residues, selected on the basis of recent three-dimensional structure determinations, were exchanged in subunit I of the Paracoccus enzyme by site-directed mutagenesis. The properties of the mutated oxidases were analyzed by different methods to elucidate whether they are involved in the coupled and coordinated transfer of protons via two different pathways either to the site of oxygen reduction or through the enzyme from the cytoplasm to the periplasmic side.
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: GdBa2Cu3O7−δ ; Ca substitution ; Mo substitution ; Hf substitution ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structural and superconducting properties of (Gd1−x−y Ca y M x )Ba2Cu3O z with M = Mo, Hf are investigated using X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, and oxygen content measurements. The effect of increasing the Mo concentration in (Gd1−x Mo x )Ba2Cu3O z changes the structure from orthorhombic to tetragonal accompanied by a large increase in resistivity and a fast decrease in T c at the rate of 1.9 K per at.% of Mo, unlike that of Hf substitution in (Gd1−x Hf x )Ba2Cu3O z , which maintains the orthorhombic structure and decreases T c very slowly at the rate of 0.6 K per atm.% of Hf with nearly no change in resistivity. The suppression of T c by M = Mo, Hf can be counterbalanced by hole doping by Ca which increases T c with increasing Ca content showing maximum compensation for Mo. A comparative study of M = Mo, Hf doped samples in (Gd1−x−y Ca y M x )Ba2Cu3O z indicates that the valence of the dopant M = Mo4+,6+, Hf4+ and its ionic radius play an important role in controlling the structural and superconducting properties of the systems.
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  • 44
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    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1-24 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We study the large time asymptotics of solutions u(x, t) of the wave equation with time-harmonic force density f(x)e-iωt, ω≥0, in the semi-strip Ω= (0, ∞)×(0, 1) for a given f∊C∞0(Ω). We assume that u satisfies the initial condition u=(∂/∂t)u=0 for t=0 and the boundary conditions u=0 for x2=0 and x2=1, and (∂/∂x1)u=αu for x1=0, with given α, -π≤α〈∞. Let Dα be the self-adjoint realization of -Δ in Ω with this boundary condition. For -π≤α〈0, Dα has eigenvalues λj=π2j2-α2, j=1, 2, … For j≥2 these eigenvalues are embedded in the continuous spectrum of Dα, σc(Dα)=[π2, ∞]. For α≥0, Dα has no eigenvalues. We consider the asymptotic behaviour of u(x, t), t→∞, as a function of α. In the case α=0 resonances of order √t at ω=πj, j=1, 2, …, were found in References 5 and 10. We prove that for α=-π there is a resonance of order t2 for ω=0 and resonances of order t for every ω〉0 (note that 0 is an eigenvalue of D-π). Moreover, for -π〈α〈0 there are resonances of order t at ω=√λj. The resonance frequencies are continuous functions of α for -π〈α〈0 and tend to πj, j=1, 2, … as α goes to zero.On the contrary in the case α〉0 there are no real resonances in the sense that the solution remains bounded in time as t→∞. Actually in this case, the limit amplitude principle is valid for all frequencies ω≥0. This rather striking behaviour of the resonances is explained in terms of the extension of the resolvent R(κ)=(Dα-κ2)-1 as a meromorphic function of κ into an appropriate Riemann surface. We find that as α crosses zero the real poles of R(κ) associated with the eigenvalues remain real, but go into a second sheet of the Riemann surface. This behaviour under perturbation is rather different from the case of complex resonances which has been extensively studied in the theory of many-body Schrödinger operators where the (real) eigenvalues embedded in the continuous spectrum turn under a small perturbation into complex poles of the meromorphic extension of the resolvent, as a function of the spectral parameter κ2. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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  • 45
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    Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell
    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: third-grade fluid ; existence ; uniqueness ; classical solution ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The global existence and uniqueness of classical solution of steady motions of a third-grade fluid provided assumptions on positivness of μ (coefficient of viscosity) and α1, γ (material coefficients) is proved. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 227-249 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Integral equations associated with the basic boundary value problems for the Laplace and Stokes equations are considered. The integral operators for these integral equations are interpreted as the pseudodifferential operators, and their principal symbols are calculated. The symbols are obtained in terms of the principal curvatures and the coefficients of the first quadratic form of the boundary. As a consequence, the initial approximation is suggested for the iterative methods solving the integral equations. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 327-359 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The boundary integral equation method is used to prove the convergence of the Drude-Born-Fedorov equations with variable coefficients, possibly non-smooth, to Maxwell's equations as chirality admittance tends to zero. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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  • 48
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 565-588 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: New explicit stability conditions are derived for a linear integro-differential equation with periodic operator coefficients. The equation under consideration describes oscillations of thin-walled viscoelastic structural members driven by periodic loads. To develop stability conditions two approaches are combined. The first is based on the direct Lyapunov method of constructing stability functionals. It allows stability conditions to be derived for unbounded operator coefficients, but fails to correctly predict the critical loads for high-frequency excitations. The other approach is based on transforming the equation under consideration in such a way that an appropriate ‘differential’ part of the new equation would possess some reserve of stability. Stability conditions for the transformed equation are obtained by using a technique of integral estimates. This method provides acceptable estimates of the critical forces for periodic loads, but can be applied to equations with bounded coefficients only. Combining these two approaches, we derive explicit stability conditions which are close to the Floquet criterion when the integral term vanishes. These conditions are applied to the stability problem for a viscoelastic bar compressed by periodic forces. The effect of material and structural parameters on the critical load is studied numerically. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 653-664 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In order to maintain spectrally accurate solutions, the grids on which a non-linear physical problem is to be solved must also be obtained by spectrally accurate techniques. The purpose of this paper is to describe a pseudospectral computational method of solving integro-differential systems with quadratic performance index. The proposed method is based on the idea of relating grid points to the structure of orthogonal interpolating polynomials. The optimal control and the trajectory are approximated by the m th degree interpolating polynomial. This interpolating polynomial is spectrally constructed using Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto grid points as the collocation points, and Lagrange polynomials as trial functions. The integrals involved in the formulation of the problem are calculated by Gauss-Lobatto integration rule, thereby reducing the problem to a mathematical programming one to which existing well-developed algorithms may be applied. The method is easy to implement and yields very accurate results. An illustrative example is included to confirm the convergence of the pseudospectral Legendre method, and a comparison is made with an existing result in the literature. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 701-718 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This article establishes the existence of a trapped-mode solution to a linearized water-wave problem. The fluid occupies a symmetric horizontal channel that is uniform everywhere apart from a confined region which either contains a thin vertical plate spanning the depth of the channel or has indentations in the channel walls; the forces of gravity and surface tension are operative. A trapped mode corresponds to an eigenvalue of the composition of an inverse differential operator and a Neumann-Dirichlet operator for an elliptic boundary-value problem in the fluid domain. The existence of such an eigenvalue is established by extending previous results dealing with the case when surface tension is absent. © 1998 B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 501-517 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper an initial-boundary-value problem in one-space dimension is studied for the Broadwell model extended to a gas mixture undergoing bimolecular reactions. Techniques of semigroup of bounded positive operators in a suitable Banach space are used to prove existence and uniqueness of the solution on bounded time intervals whose length depends on the initial data. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 685-700 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In the present work, the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation in three-dimensional stratified media is studied. The method of decoupling the electric and magnetic fields is implemented, and the spectral approach is adopted, componentwise, to the vector equation involving the electric field. Operational calculus of self-adjoint, positive operators in suitable Hilbert spaces is used to solve the corresponding initial value problems. The spectral families of these operators for the cases of the whole space and of a finite layer are constructed. A discussion on the applicability of the obtained results to physical problems is also included. © 1998 B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 757-780 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we prove under the assumption of small initial data the global existence of a classical solution to the equations in viscoelasticity, associated with a free damping boundary condition. We also show that if we choose the initial data large enough, blow up will occur in finite time. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 797-821 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the thermoelastic plate system,utt-γΔutt+Δ2u+αΔθ=0,θt-κΔθ-αΔut=0 and we make a comparison between the models in which γ=0 and γ〉0. We conclude that in the first case the plate system is of a parabolic type, while when γ〉0 the corresponding system has a hyperbolic behaviour. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 883-894 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: solitary wave ; stability ; long wave-short wave resonance equations ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper concerns the orbital stability for solitary waves of the Long Wave-Short Wave resonance equations. Since the abstract results of Grillakis et al. [7, 8] cannot be applied directly, we can extend the abstract stability theory and use the detailed spectral analysis to obtain the stability of the solitary waves. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1049-1066 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider particle transport in a three-dimensional convex region V, bounded by the regular surface ∂V. We assume that particles are specularly reflected by ∂V and that a source q is assigned on ∂V; more general non-homogeneous boundary conditions are also discussed. The problem is non-linear because the boundary condition is not homogeneous. We prove existence of a unique strict solution and by using the theory of semigroups we derive the explicit expression of such a solution in terms of the boundary source q. In the appendix, we indicate how some properties of affine operators can be used to derive the solution. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1085-1105 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A phase-field model based on the Coleman-Gurtin heat flux law is considered. The resulting system of non-linear parabolic equations, associated with a set of initial and Neumann boundary conditions, is studied. Existence, uniqueness, and regularity results are proved. An asymptotic analysis is also carried out, in the case where the coefficient of the interfacial energy term tends to 0. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1115-1148 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We apply the Child-Langmuir asymptotics of the Vlasov-Poisson system to the case of a bipolar diode, i.e. a vacuum diode where two species of particles of opposite electric charge are flowing. This leads to a simplified model which, if at least one of the two injected currents is not too large, has a unique solution. Moreover, in that case, the currents flowing inside the diode are limited by the so-called bipolar Child-Langmuir currents. In the case of large currents, other solutions may appear, and the formation of virtual electrodes may occur inside the diode. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1107-1113 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the equation∂u/∂t + u ∂u/∂x + u/x = 0 for x 〉 0, t ≥ 0, with u(x, 0) = u0-(x) for x 〈 x0, u(x, 0) = u0+(x) for x 〉 x0, u0-(x0) 〉 u0+(x0). Following the ideas of Majda, 1984 and Lax, 1973, we construct, for smooth u0- and u0+, a global shock front weak solution u(x, t) = u-(x, t) for x 〈 φ(t), u(x, t) = u+(x, t) for x 〉 φ(t), where u- and u+ are the strong solutions corresponding (respectively) to u0- and u0+ and the curve t → φ(t) is defined by dφ/dt (t) = 1/2[u-(φ(t), t) + u+(φ(t), t)], t ≥ 0 and φ(0) = x0.© 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1195-1206 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A variational approach to a non-linear non-local identification problem related to the non-linear transport equation is studied. Introducing a similarity transformation, the problem is formulated as an identification problem for a non-linear differential equation of second order with an additional non-local condition. For the solution of the forward problem stability in H1-norm with respect to the identification parameter is obtained. Using this result the existence of a solution to the identification problem is proved. Some results of computational experiments are given. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1233-1267 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the plate equation in a polygonal domain with free edges. Its resolution by boundary integral equations is considered with double layer potentials whose variational formulation was given in Reference 25. We approximate its solution (u, (∂u/∂n)) by the Galerkin method with approximated spaces made of piecewise polynomials of order 2 and 1 for, respectively, u and (∂u/∂n). A prewavelet basis of these subspaces is built and equivalences between some Sobolev norms and discrete ones are established in the spirit of References 14, 16, 30 and 31. Further, a compression procedure is presented which reduces the number of nonzero entries of the stiffness matrix from O(N2) to O(N log N), where N is the size of this matrix. We finally show that the compressed stiffness matrices have a condition number uniformly bounded with respect to N and that the compressed Galerkin scheme converges with the same rate than the Galerkin one. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1287-1296 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell-Fokker-Planck system is used in modelling distribution of charged particles in plasma. It consists of a transport equation coupled with the Maxwell system. The diffusion term in the equation models the collisions among particles, whereas the viscosity term signifies the dynamical frictional forces between the particles and the background reservoir. In the case of one space variable and two momentum variables, we prove the existence of a classical solution when the initial density decays fast enough with respect to the momentum variables. The solution which shares this same decay condition along with its first derivatives in the momentum variables is unique. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1415-1439 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider reactive mixtures of dilute polyatomic gases in full vibrational non-equilibrium. The governing equations are derived from the kinetic theory and possesses an entropy. We recast this system of conservation laws into a symmetric conservative form by using entropic variables. Following a formalism developed by the authors in a previous paper, the system is then rewritten into a normal form, that is, in the form of a quasilinear symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic system. Using a result of Vol'pert and Hudjaev, we prove local existence and uniqueness of a bounded smooth solution to the Cauchy problem. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1479-1494 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Approximate solutions of the non-linear Boltzmann equation, which have the structure of the linear combination of three global Maxwellians with arbitrary hydrodynamical parameters, are considered. Some sufficient conditions which allow the error between the left- and the right-hand sides of the equation tend to zero, and which are calculated either in the mixed metric or in the pure integral metric, are obtained. The class of the distributions, which minimized this error for the arbitrary Knudsen number, is found. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1519-1542 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: non-hyperbolic systems ; two-phase flows ; dispersion terms ; symmetrization ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The paper considers a system of partial differential equations of convection dispersion type, modelling a stratified two-phase fluid flow. Local existence in time is proved for a sufficiently smooth initial data, given in the set of physically admissible states. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1559-1569 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we study the motion of an elastic conducting wire in a magnetic field. The motion of the conductor induces a current in the wire (Faraday's law) which, in turn produces a force on the wire. We consider the linear equation obtained by linearizing the resulting equations of motion about an equilibrium solution. This is a hyperbolic partial differential equation with a non-local term. We prove existence and uniqueness of a weak solution of an initial-boundary value problem for this equation. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1637-1654 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: generalized Stokes equations ; incompressible flow ; least-squares ; finite element method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we are concerned with a weighted least-squares finite element method for approximating the solution of boundary value problems for 2-D viscous incompressible flows. We consider the generalized Stokes equations with velocity boundary conditions. Introducing the auxiliary variables (stresses) of the velocity gradients and combining the divergence free condition with some compatibility conditions, we can recast the original second-order problem as a Petrovski-type first-order elliptic system (called velocity-stress-pressure formulation) in six equations and six unknowns together with Riemann-Hilbert-type boundary conditions. A weighted least-squares finite element method is proposed for solving this extended first-order problem. The finite element approximations are defined to be the minimizers of a weighted least-squares functional over the finite element subspaces of the H1 product space. With many advantageous features, the analysis also shows that, under suitable assumptions, the method achieves optimal order of convergence both in the L2-norm and in the H1-norm. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1619-1635 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the two-parameter non-linear Sturm-Liouville problems. By using the variational method on general level sets, the variational eigenvalues are obtained. The purpose of this paper is to study the properties of these variational eigenvalues with respect to the parameter of general level sets. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 187-226 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We study the limit behaviour of solution of Poisson's equation in a class of thin two-dimensional domains, both simply connected or single-hollowed, as its thickness becomes very small. The method is based on a transformation of the original problem into another posed on a fixed domain, obtention of a priori estimates and convergence results when thickness parameter tends to zero. As an important application of abstract results we obtain the limit expressions for functions appearing in elastic beam theories as torsion and warping functions. In this way, we provide a mathematical justification and a correct definition of torsion, warping and Timoshenko functions and constants that should be used in the open and closed thin-walled elastic beam theories. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 269-279 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The generalized Möbius function and Möbius inversion formula are applied to a multiplicative semigroup. A general mathematical method based on this Möbius inversion is presented to solve inversion problems of expansions with unequally weighted terms. By this method, all the inverse lattice problems in physics can be solved concisely. The solutions of four inverse lattice problems: the Fibonacci structure, the square lattice structure, the bcc and the hcp lattice structures are given. These are difficult to be solved by other methods. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 361-374 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We use the eigenfunction expansion of Green's function of Dirichlet problems to obtain sampling theorems. The analytic properties of the sampled integral transforms as well as the uniform convergence of the sampling series are proved without any restrictions on the integral transforms. We obtain a one- and multi-dimensional versions of sampling theorems. In both cases the sampling series are written in terms of Lagrange-type interpolation expansions. Some examples and the truncation error as well as the stability of the obtained sampling expansions are discussed at the end of the paper. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 393-416 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider a dynamical von Kármán system in the presence of thermal effects. Our model includes the possibility of a rotational inertia term in the system. We show that the total energy of the solution of such system decays exponentially as t→+∞. The decay rates we obtain are uniform on bounded sets of the energy space. The main ingredients of our method of proof are suitable properties of a decoupled system, the energy method and the compactness of the nonlinear map associated to the von Kármán system. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 479-488 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This short article discusses the spectrum of the Neumann Laplacian in the infinite domain Ω⊂∝n, n ≥2 created by inserting a compact obstacle P into the uniform cylinder Ω0 =(-∞, ∞)×Ω′. The main result is the existence of at least one embedded eigenvalue when P is an (n -2)-dimensional surface whose unit normal is parallel to Ω′ at each point of P . The special case when P is symmetric about {0}×Ω′ is also treated. It is shown that there is at least one symmetric eigenvector and, when P is sufficiently long, at least one antisymmetric eigenvector. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 551-564 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We prove the existence of solutions to the three-dimensional elastoplastic problem with Hencky's law and Neumann boundary conditions by elliptic regularization and the penalty method, both for the case of a smooth boundary and of an interior two dimensional crack. It is shown, in particular, that the variational solution satisfies all boundary conditions. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 251-268 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The propagation of Hölder regularity of the solutions to the 3D Euler equations is discussed. Our method is a special semi-linearization of the vorticity equation combined with the classical Schauder interior estimates. © 1998 by B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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  • 76
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 433-461 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the solution of Maxwell equations in the modelling of the scattering of a time-harmonic electromagnetic wave by an obstacle located in a two-layered medium. The use of the Silver-Müller radiation condition in each layer is shown to provide a well-posed scattering problem. The analysis is based on the study of the Green tensor, which allows to relate the radiation condition to an integral representation formula. The analyticity properties of the scattering problem with respect to the frequency are then investigated. This gives rise to a limiting absorption principle and furnishes a characterization of the resonances. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We apply our recently developed distributional technique [2, 3] to study time-domain asymptotics. This enables us to present a rigorous mathematical discussion and extensions of the results given by Chapman [1] and subsequent workers in this field. The present analysis is facilitated by defining functions which are distributionally small at infinity. We find that one of the advantages of using this technique is that multidimensional extensions can be derived very easily. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 519-549 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with a specific finite element strategy for solving elliptic boundary value problems in domains with corners and edges. First, the anisotropic singular behaviour of the solution is described. Then the finite element method with anisotropic, graded meshes and piecewise linear shape functions is investigated for such problems; the schemes exhibit optimal convergence rates with decreasing mesh size. For the proof, new local interpolation error estimates for functions from anisotropically weighted spaces are derived. Finally, a numerical experiment is described, that shows a good agreement of the calculated approximation orders with the theoretically predicted ones. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 605-617 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents a general method of analysis for investigating the whirl stability of a rotor-bearing system whose appendage is flexibly attached to the spinning shaft. Sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability involving system different parameters are derived based on Liapunov's theory. An inclusive analysis of the effect of the combined flexibilities of the elastic attachment of the appendage to the shaft and the two end bearings coupled with the other various parameters of the system on the dynamic stability is presented. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 665-684 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We investigate the steady compressible Navier-Stokes equations near the equilibrium state v = 0, ρ = ρ0 (v the velocity, ρ the density) corresponding to a large potential force. We introduce a method of decomposition for such equations: the velocity field v is split into a non-homogeneous incompressible part u (div (ρ0u) = (0) and a compressible (irrotational) part ∇φ. In such a way, the original complicated mixed elliptic-hyperbolic system is split into several ‘standard’ equations: a Stokes-type system for u, a Poisson-type equation for φ and a transport equation for the perturbation of the density σ = ρ - ρ0. For ρ0 = const. (zero potential forces), the method coincides with the decomposition of Novotny and Padula [21]. To underline the advantages of the present approach, we give, as an example, a ‘simple’ proof of the existence of isothermal flows in bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions. The approach is applicable, with some modifications, to more complicated geometries and to more complicated boundary conditions as we will show in forthcoming papers. © 1998 B.G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 619-651 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider acoustic scattering from an obstacle inside an inhomogeneous structure. We prove in the paper that if the outside inhomogeneity is known then the obstacle and possible inside inhomogeneity are uniquely determined by the fixed energy far field data. The proof is based on new mapping properties of layer potentials in spaces that specify one point. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 939-967 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The linear problem for the velocity potential around a slightly curved thin finite wing is considered under the Joukowskii-Kutta hypothesis. The exponents of possible singularities of solutions at angular points on wing's trailing edge are expressed in terms of eigenvalues of mixed boundary value problems for the Beltrami-Laplace operator on the hemisphere and the semicircle. These singularities have a structure such that the circulation function turns out to be continuous in interior angular points of the trailing edge. In the case of trapezoidal shape of the wing ends there occur square-root singularities of the velocity field at the trailing edge endpoints and the same singularities, of course, are extended along the lateral sides of the wake behind the wing. It is proved that for any angular point on the trailing edge the exponents of all above-mentioned singularities form a countable set in the upper complex half-plane with the only accumulation point at infinity. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 985-1014 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck ; long-time behaviour ; fundamental solutions ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We study the long-time behaviour of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equation for initial data small enough and satisfying some suitable integrability conditions. Our analysis relies on the study of the linearized problems with bounded potentials decaying fast enough for large times. We obtain global bounds in time for the fundamental solutions of such problems and their derivatives. This allows to get sharp bounds for the decay of the difference between the solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck equation and the solution of the free equation with the same initial data. Thanks to these bounds, we get an explicit form for the second term in the asymptotic expansion of the solutions for large times. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1067-1084 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An initial-value problem modelling coagulation and fragmentation processes is studied. The results of earlier papers are extended to models where either one or both of the rates of coagulation and fragmentation depend on time. An abstract integral equation, involving the solution operator to the linear fragmentation part, is investigated via the contraction mapping principle. A unique global, non-negative, mass-conserving solution to this abstract equation is shown to exist. The latter solution is used to generate a global, non-negative, mass-conserving solution to the original non-autonomous coagulation and multiple-fragmentation equation. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1185-1194 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper we prove the global existence and study decay property of the solutions to the initial boundary value problem for the quasi-linear wave equation with a dissipative term without the smallness of the initial data. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1207-1226 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Reaction random-walk systems are hyperbolic models to describe spatial motion (in one dimension) with finite speed and reactions of particles. Here we present two approaches which relate reaction random-walk equations with reaction diffusion equations. First, we consider the case of high particle speeds (parabolic limit). This leads to a singular perturbation analysis of a semilinear damped wave equation. A initial layer estimate is given. Secondly, we consider the case of a transcritical bifurcation. We use techniques similar to that of the Ginzburg-Landau method to find a modulation equation for the amplitude of the first unstable mode. It turns out that the modulation equation is Fisher's equation, hence near the bifurcation point travelling wave solutions are obtained. The approximation result and the corresponding estimate is given in terms of the bifurcation parameter. Both results are based on an a priori estimate for classical solutions which follows from explicit representations of the solution of the linear telegraph equation. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1365-1377 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In the article the problem of regulation of the cardiovascular system is investigated from the point of view of control process theory. This problem was reduced to finding the optimal control in the sense of speed in a bilinear system. In the first part of the article the possibility of applying Saburov's method for the solution to bilinear control problems is considered. The second part of the article is devoted to the application of this method to a concrete problem from practical medicine. The method has allowed the complete synthesis of an optimal control to be carried out  -  the sliding mode takes place and it was investigated completely. The results obtained are interesting from the point of view of control process theory, and testify to the high efficiency of the method. The final results allow concrete recommendations about the regulation of the cardiovascular system. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1399-1413 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The steady-state equations for a charged gas or fluid consisting of several components, exposed to an electric field, are considered. These equations form a system of strongly coupled, quasilinear elliptic equations which in some situations can be derived from the Boltzmann equation. The model uses the duality between the thermodynamic fluxes and the thermodynamic forces. Physically motivated mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions are prescribed. The existence of generalized solutions is proven. The key of the proof is a transformation of the problem by using the entropic variables, or electro-chemical potentials, which symmetrize the equations. The uniqueness of weak solutions is shown under the assumption that the boundary data are not far from the thermal equilibrium. A general uniqueness result cannot be expected for physical reasons. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1343-1363 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider an elastic plate with the non-deformed shape ΩΣ := Ω \ Σ, where Ω is a domain bounded by a smooth closed curve Γ and Σ ⊂ Ω is a curve with the end points {γ1, γ2}. If the force g is given on the part ΓN of Γ, the displacement u is fixed on ΓD := Γ \ ΓN and the body force f is given in Ω, then the displacement vector u(x) = (u1(x), u2(x)) has unbounded derivatives (stress singularities) near γk, k = 1, 2   u(x) = ∑2k, l=1 Kl(γk)r1/2kSCkl(θk) + uR(x)     near γk.Here (rk, θk) denote local curvilinear polar co-ordinates near γk, k = 1, 2, SCkl (θk) are smooth functions defined on [-π, π] and uR(x) ∊ {H2(near γk)}2. The constants Kl(γk),   l = 1, 2, which are called the stress intensity factors at γk (abbr. SIFs), are important parameters in fracture mechanics. We notice that the stress intensity factors Kl(γk) (l = 1, 2;  k = 1, 2) are functionals Kl(γk) = Kl(γk; L, Ω, Σ) depending on the load L, the shape of the plate Ω and the shape of the crack Σ. We say that the crack Σ is safe, if Kl(γk; Ω)2 + K2(γk; Ω)2 〈 RẼ. By a small change of Ω the shape Σ can change to a dangerous one, i.e. we have K1(γk; Ω)2 + K2(γk; Ω)2 ≥ RẼ. Therefore it is important to know how Kl(γk) depends on the shape of Ω.For this reason, we calculate the Gâteaux derivative of Kl(γk) under a class of domain perturbations which includes the approximation of domains by polygonal domains and the Hadamard's parametrization Γ(τ) := {x + τφ(x)n(x);  x ∊ Γ}, where φ is a function on Γ and n is the outward unit normal on Γ. The calculations are quite delicate because of the occurrence of additional stress singularities at the collision points {γ3, γ4} = ΓD ∩ ΓN.The result is derived by the combination of the weight function method and the Generalized J-integral technique (abbr. GJ-integral technique). The GJ-integrals have been proposed by the first author in order to express the variation of energy (energy release rate) by extension of a crack in a 3D-elastic body. This paper begins with the weak solution of the crack problem, the weight function representation of SIF's, GJ-integral technique and finish with the shape sensitivity analysis of SIF's. GJ-integral Jω(u; X) is the sum of the P-integral (line integral) Pω(u, X) and the R-integral (area integral) Rω(u, X). With the help of the GJ-integral technique we derive an R-integral expression for the shape derivative of the potential energy which is valid for all displacement fields u ∊ H1. Using the property that the GJ-integral vanishes for all regular fields u ∊ H2 we convert the R-integral expression for the shape derivative to a P-integral expression. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1543-1558 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: It is shown that a stochastic system of N interacting particles in a slab approximates, in the Boltzmann-Grad limit, a one-dimensional Boltzmann equation with diffusive boundary conditions. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1571-1591 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The asymptotic behaviour of solutions of certain semilinear elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problems defined on a semi-infinite cylinder is investigated by means of energy arguments and maximum principles. Various hypotheses are made on the form of the semilinear term, and in some cases it is found that the rate of decay of solutions is faster than the optimal decay rate for harmonic functions. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1655-1679 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper the problem of collision analysis for a mobile robot operating in a planar environment with moving objects (obstacles) is addressed. The pattern of motion of the potential obstacles cannot be predicted; only a bound on their maximum velocity is available. Based on this information, at its current position the robot constructs the Hazard Region that corresponds to the path it contemplates. If the Hazard Region contains at least one obstacle, then there is a potential for this obstacle to collide with the robot (in which case perhaps another path should be planned). We first derive the solution for Hazard Region for two standard path primitives, a straight line segment and a circular arc segment; the solution is exact, except for one special case (for which the approximation error is estimated). This result is then applied to a more complex case when the path presents a combination of those primitives. Such are, for example, the optimal (shortest) paths with constrained curvature (known as Dubins paths [3]), which connect two points, each with a prescribed direction of motion. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 1681-1704 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: stratified medium ; acoustic waves ; self-adjoint operators ; spectrum ; limiting absorption principle ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the acoustic propagator A=-∇·c2∇ in the strip Ω={(x, z)∊∝2∣0〈z〈H} with finite width H〉0. The celerity c depends for large ∣x∣ only on the variable z and describes the stratification of Ω: it is assumed to be in L∞(Ω), bounded from below by cmin〉0, such that there exists M〉0 with c(x, z)=c1(z) if x〈 -M and c(x, z)=c2(z) if x〉M. We look at the propagator A as a ‘perturbation’ of the free propagators Aj in Ω associated to the velocities cj, j=1, 2, and implement a ‘perturbative’ method, adapting ideas of Majda and Vainberg. The spectrum of A is defined in section 2, a limiting absorption principle is proved in section 3 outside of a countable set Γ(A). The points of Γ(A) can only accumulate at the left of the thresholds of the free propagators. The needed material about Aj, j=1, 2, and some technical estimates for A are given in Appendix. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 25-42 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Considered is the rotation of a robot arm or rod in a horizontal plane about an axis through the arm's fixed end and driven by a motor whose torque is controlled. The model was derived and investigated computationally by Sakawa and co-authors in [7] for the case that the arm is described as a homogeneous Euler beam. The resulting equation of motion is a partial differential equation of the type of a wave equation which is linear with respect to the state, if the control is fixed, and non-linear with respect to the control.Considered is the problem of steering the beam, within a given time interval, from the position of rest for the angle zero into the position of rest under a certain given angle.At first we show that, for every L2-control, there is exactly one (weak) solution of the initial boundary value problem which describes the vibrating system without the end condition.Then we show that the problem of controllability is equivalent to a non-linear moment problem. This, however, is not exactly solvable. Therefore, an iteration method is developed which leads to an approximate solution of sufficient accuracy in two steps. This method is numerically implemented and demonstrated by an example. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 59-91 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau-type model of a superconducting-normal-superconducting junction is presented. The existence and the uniqueness of the solutions are proved. When the data of the model are symmetric of some kinds, the solutions turns out to be symmetric of some kinds. In this symmetric case, an approximate model with the small thickness of the normal material in the middle of the junction as coefficients of a differential system is established for the sake of numerical computations. And also the existence and the uniqueness of the solution to this approximate model are set up. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 165-185 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: boundary integral equations ; boundary finite element ; free edge polygonal plate ; hypersingular kernels ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the problem of a polygonal plate with free edges. It is a boundary value problem for the biharmonic operator on a polygon with Neumann boundary conditions. Its resolution is studied via boundary integral equations. A variational formulation of the boundary problem obtained by a double-layer potential is given. Finally, we implement the method and give numerical results. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 129-163 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: wavelets on closed surfaces ; Dirichlet's and Neumann's problem ; scaling function ; scale discrete wavelets ; integral formulas ; exact fully discrete wavelet transform ; band-limited harmonic wavelets ; Runge-Walsh approximation ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Wavelets on closed surfaces in Euclidean space ∝3 are introduced starting from a scale discrete wavelet transform for potentials harmonic down to a spherical boundary. Essential tools for approximation are integration formulas relating an integral over the sphere to suitable linear combinations of function values (resp. normal derivatives) on the closed surface under consideration. A scale discrete version of multiresolution is described for potential functions harmonic outside the closed surface and regular at infinity. Furthermore, an exact fully discrete wavelet approximation is developed in case of band-limited wavelets. Finally, the role of wavelets is discussed in three problems, namely (i) the representation of a function on a closed surface from discretely given data, (ii) the (discrete) solution of the exterior Dirichlet problem, and (iii) the (discrete) solution of the exterior Neumann problem. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 417-432 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We state a 1D model with quasi-stationary gas flows approximation for a carbon reactivity test in the production of silicon. The mathematical problem we formulate is a non-linear boundary value problem for a third-order ordinary differential equation with non-linear boundary conditions, which are non-local in time. We prove existence and uniqueness of a classical solution and provide a numerical example. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 281-325 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We present a bending model for a shallow arch, namely the type of curved rod where the curvature is of the order of the diameter of the cross section. The model is deduced in a rigorous mathematical way from classical tridimensional linear elasticity theory via asymptotic techniques, by taking the limit on a suitable re-scaled formulation of that problem as the diameter of the cross section tends to zero. This model is valid for general cases of applied forces and material, and it allows us to calculate displacements, axial stresses, bending moments and shear forces. The equations present a more general form than in the classical Bernoulli-Navier bending theory for straight slender rods, so that flexures and extensions are proved to be coupled in the most general case. © 1998 by B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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    Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 21 (1998), S. 375-392 
    ISSN: 0170-4214
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this work we analyse a model for radiative heat transfer in materials that are conductive, grey and semitransparent. Such materials are for example glass, silicon, water and several gases. The most important feature of the model is the non-local interaction due to exchange of radiation. This, together with non-linearity arising from the well-known Stefan-Boltzmann law, makes the resulting heat equation non-monotone. By analysing the terms related to heat radiation we prove that the operator defining the problem is pseudomonotone. Hence, we can prove the existence of weak solution in the cases where coercivity can be obtained. In the general case, we prove the solvability of the system using the technique of sub and supersolutions. © 1998 B. G. Teubner Stuttgart-John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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