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  • 1986  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sinusoidal barrier in alcoholic patients without liver fibrosis (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 409 (1986), S. 385-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Alcohol ; Human ; Sinusoidal cells ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alcohol induces morphological changes in the endothelial and perisinusoidal cells at the fibrotic stage of alcoholic liver diseases. Directly or indirectly, through hemodynamic disturbances linked to the enlargement of steatotic hepatocytes, alcohol may modify this barrier before the onset of fibrosis. Liver biopsies were obtained from control and from alcoholic patients and perfusion-fixed. Volume and surface densities of endothelial cells, perisinusoidal cells and their processes were measured. Liver histology was normal in the 2 groups except for steatosis in the alcoholics. Volume densities represented 8.2%, 4.7% and 3.2% of the sinusoid in controls for endothelial cells, perisinusoidal cells and their processes whereas surface densities represented respectively 0.5, 0.23, 0.21 m2/cm3 of sinusoid. Morphometric values were not significantly different in the alcoholic patients. In none of the alcoholic patients did fine morphological studies of sinusoidal cells give any indication of the possible evolution of the alcoholic disease towards fibrosis. These results indicate that in the group of patients studied, alcohol, before the fibrotic stage, did not significantly alter the sinusoidal barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00708255
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiodilatin-immunoreactivity in specific atrial granules of human heart revealed by the immunogold stain (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1986), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Cardiodilatin ; Peptide Hormone ; Heart ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunogold technique was applied to detect cardiodilatin-immunoreactivity (CDD-IR) in human heart. Using antibodies directed against C-terminal regions of CDD, we could identify colloidal gold label in specific atrial granules of human heart. The granules in all areas of the myoendocrine cells were homogeneously labelled and all right atrial biopsy specimen of patients with different heart diseases reacted positively and had the same distribution of label. The Golgi-apparatus and ergastoplasma exhibited and extremely weak CDD-IR. The results indicate a predominant storage of CDD in specific granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) stereotaxis using the Patil System (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 82 (1986), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: MRI ; stereotaxy ; brain biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning would prove useful for lesions that are not visualized on computed tomography (CT) scan or are better defined on MRI scan. The problem of reference marker visualization can be overcome by coating them with mineral oil or by placing paramagnetic fluid filled rods on them. The unique construction of the Patil System permits its use even in a strong magnetic field. The technique of MRI stereotaxis using this stereotaxic system without any modification is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01456375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of lamellar organisation in juvenile and adult human bone (1986)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 174 (1986), S. 329-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone ; Human ; Lamellae ; Resorption ; In Vitro
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been used to study the three-dimensional organisation of collagen in slices of human rib and femur which were “etched” by chick osteoclasts, mechanically isolated and grown on their surfaces in vitro. Collagen organisation in the two bones showed a spectrum of appearances, ranging from lamellae of approximately equal thickness, but alternating fibre orientations, to an almost exclusive orientation of collagen apparently in a longitudinal direction. The rib contained a smaller component of transversely oriented collagen which may be related to a different functional loading. The thickness of circumferential lamellae was less than that of osteonal lamellae in the two adult ribs examined. Also, in the rib there was a trend towards increased average lamellar thickness with age in the range studied. This may be related to the fact that more of the lamellae in the rib cortex in children have been formed circumferentially. Correlation of results obtained with the SEM and the polarised light microscope (PLM) from the same substratum demonstrated that the latter grossly exaggerated the apparent component of collagen with a transverse orientation. This will always be true unless sections comparable with the lamellar thickness are used with the PLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698783
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurosurgical experience with magnetic resonance imaging in sellar lesions (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 81 (1986), S. 3-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Sellar tumours ; MRI ; high resolution CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 41 patients with various sellar and parasellar lesions (pituitary adenomas, meningiomas, optic gliomas, craniopharyngeomas and granulomas), who underwent surgery consecutively, were studied by MRI investigations. In 10 patients post-operative MRI controls were performed. The information obtained by the MRI were compared with the other radiological investigations (especially coronar and axial high resolution CT), and the intra-operative findings. The advantages of MRI in the diagnosis of sellar lesion are demonstrated by exemplary cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01456259
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor strategies involved in the performance of sequential movements (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 585-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Movement ; Sequence ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study analyses the strategies adopted by normal subjects when they are asked to make two separate movements as rapidly as possible one after the other. Five subjects performed the following sequential movements in their own time. 1) Squeeze an isometric force transducer between fingers and thumb to a force of 30 N and then flex the elbow of the same arm through 15°. 2) Squeeze the transducer with one hand and then flex the elbow of the other arm. 3) Perform an isotonic opposition of finger and thumb and then flex the elbow of the same arm. 4) First flex the elbow through 15, 30 or 45° and then squeeze the transducer. 5) Flex and then extend the elbow as rapidly as possible. In tasks 1–4 there was no correlation between the times taken to complete the two separate components of the sequence. Because of this we suggest that the two movements remained under the control of two separate motor programmes. In contrast, in task 5, the times taken for the two components were correlated and hence we suggest that in this case a single programme was used to perform the sequence. In tasks 1–3, in which the mean duration of the first movement was some 135–162 ms, there was a mean pause of about 85 ms before the start of the second movement. Subjects tended to chose a minimum inter-onset latency between the start of the first and the start of the second movement of a sequence of some 230 ms. The reason for this appeared to be that if subjects were encouraged to decrease their interonset latencies to less than 200 ms, the speed of the second movement decreased sharply. However, if the duration of the first movement was prolonged as in task 4, the second movement could be delayed, although there now was little or no pause between the two movements. We conclude that when a single motor programme is run, it is followed by a “relative refractory period”. If a second programme is run within this period, it cannot be executed without loss of speed. Switching from one motor programme to another is achieved with an optimal minimum delay of 200 ms. Sequential movements which are controlled by a single programme do not share this limitation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237481
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Habituation and conditioning of the human long latency stretch reflex (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 63 (1986), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Stretch reflex ; Habituation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of stretch repetition rate, prior warning stimuli and self administered stretch were examined on the size of the short and long latency components of the stretch reflex electromyographic EMG response in flexor pollicis longus and the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers. Stretches of constant velocity and extent were given every 10 s, 5 s, 2 s, or 1 s to either the wrist or thumb during a small background contraction of the flexor muscles. The size of the long latency component of the stretch reflex (measured as the area under the averaged rectified EMG responses) declined dramatically at faster repetition rates, especially in the wrist and finger flexors. The size of the short latency component was relatively unaffected. The size of the electrically elicited H-reflex in forearm muscles also failed to habituate under the same conditions. If each individual trial of a series was examined, the long latency component of the stretch reflex EMG could be seen to decrease in size over the first three to six stretches if stretches were given every 1 s, but not if stretches were given every 10 s. When stretches were given every 5 s to either wrist or thumb, an electrical stimulus applied to the digital nerves of the opposite hand 1 s before stretch reduced the size of the long latency component of the reflex EMG response. The short latency component was unaffected. Self triggering of wrist or thumb stretch by the subject pressing the stimulator button himself with his opposite hand, also decreased the size of the long latency component of the reflex EMG response without affecting the short latency component. It is concluded that factors other than stretch size or velocity can have marked effects on the size of the long latency component of the stretch reflex. These factors must be taken into account when comparing values of reflex size obtained with different stretching techniques and in different disease states in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235664
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technical factors in MR image quality (1986)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 28 (1986), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Head ; MRI ; Image quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the subjective rating of MR image quality as field strength, slice thickness, number of acquisitions and matrix size were varied. Matrix and number of acquisitions had the most significant effect on image quality. Therefore, in comparisons of image quality, technique must not be disregarded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341772
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of paraxial slices in MR-imaging of spinal cord disease (1986)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 28 (1986), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Oblique slices ; Paraxial slices ; Syringomyelia ; Hematomyelia ; Spinal meningeoma ; Spinal lipoma ; Artifacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paraxial slices in MRI of the spinal cord reveal information about anatomical structures and pathological processes not available from orthogonal plane images or other diagnostic methods. They also yield a profit in diminishing the artifacts that occur from heart movement and respiration when triggering is not employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333443
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of l-tryptophan for treatment of insomnia: A review (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: l-Tryptophan ; Insomnia ; Interval therapy ; Sleep ; Human ; Disorder of Initiating and Maintaining Sleep (DIMS)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sleep laboratory and outpatient studies of the hypnotic efficacy of the amino acid l-tryptophan are reviewed, with particular emphasis on evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of insomnia. In younger situational insomniacs, whose sleep problem consists solely of longer than usual sleep latencies, l-tryptophan is effective in reducing sleep onset time on the first night of administration in doses ranging from 1 to 15 g. In more chronic, well-established sleep-onset insomnia or in more severe insomnias characterized by both sleep onset and sleep maintenance problems, repeated administration of low doses of l-tryptophan over time may be required for therapeutic improvement. In these patients, hypnotic effects appear late in the treatment period or, as shown in some studies, even after discontinuation of treatment. The improvement in sleep measures post-treatment has given rise to use of a treatment regimen known as “interval therapy”, in which l-tryptophan treatment alternates with an l-tryptophan-free interval until improvement occurs. The absence of side effects and lack of development of tolerance in long-term use are important factors in the decision to embark upon a trial of l-tryptophan treatment. In addition, l-tryptophan administration is not associated with impairment of visuomotor, cognitive, or memory performance, nor does it elevate threshold for arousal from sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175180
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of circadian rhythm in plasma levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol in healthy human subjects (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 471-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol ; Cortisol ; Melatonin ; Plasma ; Circadian rhythm ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the possible existence of a circadian rhythm in plasma free and sulfate-conjugated 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (DOPEG), the plasma levels of this metabolite (and for comparison, of melatonin and cortisol) were measured in seven healthy volunteers at 4-h intervals over a period of 24 h. Plasma concentrations of melatonin and cortisol showed distinct diurnal variations with acrophases at 2.5 h and 8.5 h, respectively. In contrast, plasma free DOPEG levels were relatively stable over the 24-h period studied. Sulfate-conjugated and free + sulfate-conjugated DOPEG levels showed a slight, non-significant increase in the early afternoon. These results indicate that in contrast to plasma 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol, plasma free and conjugated DOPEG levels do not exhibit a circadian rhythm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174063
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydroxylation of dibutylnitrosamine in the human liver and intestinal microsomal fractions (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 58 (1986), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Dibutylnitrosamine ; Metabolism ; Human ; Rat ; Liver ; intestine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The metabolism of the bladder carcinogen N-nitroso-di-n-butylamine (NDBA) was studied in microsomal preparations of tissues of patients of both sexes, aged 59–69 years undergoing abdominal surgery. Samples of liver, ileum, and colon were of normal histological appearance. For comparison, samples of rat liver and small intestinal mucosa microsomes were included in the study. Using 1-14C-labeled NDBA, the biotransformation to hydroxylation products retaining the nitroso group, NDBA-2-OH, NDBA-3-OH, and NDBA-4-OH, respectively, was investigated by reversed phase HPLC. In order to separate these metabolites, pooled samples were analysed by normal phase HPLC. The rate of hydroxylation of NDBA was found to be 5.5 times higher in rat liver microsomes compared to those from human liver (2.86±0.29 vs 0.52±0.03 nM x min−1 x mg−1). NDBA-3-OH proved to be the major metabolite formed (〉80% of total metabolites). The metabolism of NDBA was low but detectable in seven out of nine specimens of human gut, 0.1–0.5 nM x mg−1 in 1 h of incubation, and of the same order of magnitude in rat intestinal tissue (0.4–0.6 nM x mg−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340981
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in children: which is more effective procedure, EDAS or EMS? (1986)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 2 (1986), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Moyamoya disease ; MRI ; r-CBF ; Surgical treatment ; Chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease ; Cerebrovascular anastomosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At present, encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) and encephalomyosynangiosis (EMS) are the treatments of choice for moyamoya disease in children, but no attempts have been made to determine which is the more effective procedure, for the ischemic lesions in moyamoya disease. Ten patients (seven children and three adults) underwent EDAS and/or EMS: three patients EDAS on both sides; seven patients EDAS on one side and EMS on the other. These ten patients were followed up with a neurological examination and r-CBF and angiographic studies. Postoperative angiograms and r-CBF studies demonstrated more revascularization from the external carotid artery in sides treated with EDAS than with sides treated with EMS. From these results, it is concluded that the EDAS surgical procedure is superior to that of EMS for moyamoya disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270841
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of monoamine pathways in the control of attention: Effects of droperidol and methylphenidate in normal adult humans (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Dopamine ; Methylphenidate ; Droperidol ; Attention ; Effort ; Human ; Dichotic monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methylphenidate (0.65 mg/kg), droperidol (15 μg/kg) or placebo were administered to normal adult males undertaking a dichotic auditory attention task. Performance following placebo, as measured by the ability of subjects to detect nominated target words and discriminate them from phonemically distracting words, was superior when attention was focused on one ear than when divided between the ears. Following droperidol, target detection and discrimination were reduced for both divided and focused attention and in the latter case responses were also slowed. However, these effects were small compared to the striking withdrawn behaviour of the subjects, who reported an unwillingness to attend to external events. Methylphenidate reversed all of these effects when administered following droperidol. Administered alone, methylphenidate had no effect on dichotic measures of attention but had marked effects on spontaneous behaviour, when most subjects reported a substantial increase in both the field and distractibility of attention. These results are interpreted as implicating central dopaminergic pathways in the regulation of attention without precluding a role for other neurotransmitter systems including ascending noradrenaline and serotonin pathways to cerebral cortex. The disparity between these objective and subjective assessments of the effects of the drugs on attention is discussed in terms of the degree of mental effort voluntarily brought to bear by subjects in the selective allocation of their attentional capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172867
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of d-amphetamine on human aggressive behavior (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; d-Amphetamine ; Human ; Operant responding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male research subjects were administered placebo and three doses of d-amphetamine (5, 10 and 20 mg/70 kg) in a laboratory situation which provided both aggressive and non-aggressive response options. The non-aggressive response was button pressing maintained by presentation of points exchangeable for money at the end of the session. The aggressive response was button pressing on a separate manipulanda which ostensibly subtracted points from a fictitious partner. Aggressive responding was elicited by subtracting points from the research subjects which was attributed to the fictitious partner. d-Amphetamine increased both aggressive and non-aggressive responding, particularly at 5 and 10 mg/70 kg. At the highest dose (20 mg/70 kg), aggressive responding decreased to levels similar to those observed during placebo sessions, while monetary reinforced responding remained elevated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180842
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence on chloride ions of the loop diuretic sensitive component of passive sodium efflux from human red cells (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 406 (1986), S. 333-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Erythrocytes ; Human ; Passive ; Sodium ; Efflux ; Chloride ; Furosemide ; Loop diuretic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of the passive (ouabaininsensitive) Na efflux from human red cells. The inhibition by loop diuretics (furosemide, piretanide and bumetanide) was additive with respect to ouabain and non-additive with respect to each other. They inhibited with high affinity in the sequence bumetanide 〉 piretanide 〉 furosemide. Passive Na efflux was not inhibited by amiloride, DIDS or SITS. In Cl-free media, Na efflux was reduced and there was no diuretic-sensitive component with any of the six Cl substitutes tested, except Br. The chloride concentration dependence of the diuretic-sensitive efflux was generally linear but saturable with sulphate and concave with acetate. In Na-free media, efflux was reduced, the apparent affinity for loop diuretics was lower and there was no chloride dependence. The diuretic-insensitive efflux was unaffected by anions in all conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640924
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat-induced vasoconstriction in the fingers: a mechanism for reducing heat gain through the hand heated locally (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Skin blood flow ; Paradoxical vasoconstriction ; Arteriovenous anastomoses ; Finger ; Forearm ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined the effect of local heating on the blood flow of the finger or forearm in male subjects in an environment of 35°C-40% (r.h.). One hand or forearm was immcrsed in a water bath the temperature of which (T w) was raised by 1°C every 10th min from 35° to 43°C, while the other hand or forearm was kept at a constantT w of 35°C. Blood-flow (BF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, using temperature-compensated mercuryin-Silastic strain gauges. Finger BF in the heated hand was significantly lower than that in the control hand atT ws of 37°–41°C, mostly for the first few minutes of each heating period. Thereafter, finger BF in the heated hand gradually returned toward the previous values. AtT ws of 39°–40°C, liowever, finger BF in the heated hand remained lower than the control values for the entire period of heating. AtT ws of 42°–43°C, finger BF in the heated hand greatly increased after an initial transitory fall. In the forearm skin, however, no such vasoconstriction in response to local heating was observed. All this suggests that a rise in skin temperature to above the core temperature produces paradoxical vasoconstriction in the finger, which may be a mechanism to reduce heat gain through the hand heated locally at higher temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580723
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type-I collagen production by human odontoblast-like cells in expiants cultured on cyanoacrylate films (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 244 (1986), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen ; Odontoblast ; Cyanoacrylate ; Fibronectin ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Odontoblast-like cells derived from human tooth pulps were maintained in expiant culture and grown either on glass coverslips only (used as control) or on glass coverslips coated with cyanoacrylate films. Ultrastructural and cyto-morphometric evidence showed that cells exposed to cyanoacrylate, in contrast to controls, display a significant decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In addition, immunofluorescent staining and radioimmunoassays for type-I collagen suggested disturbances in production for the exposed cells. The use of anti-fibronectin antibodies with electron-microscopic immunoperoxidase-labelling demonstrated that the adherence of cells to cyanoacrylate can involve both adhesion plaques and fibronectin. These results therefore suggest that there were no apparent differences in the adhesion interaction of cells between glass and cyanoacrylate substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218390
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural colocalization of the bioactive mediators 5-hydroxytryptamine and bombesin in endocrine cells of human fetal airways (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Pulmonary endocrine cells ; Bronchial epithelium ; Gastrin releasing peptide ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Endocrine cells in the airway epithelium of human fetal lungs are known to contain an amine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), and a peptide, bombesin (BOM). These mediators may be involved in regulating smooth muscle and secretory activity in the airways as well as in development of the fetal lung. However, the exact endocrine cell type that contains 5HT and BOM has not been described at the ultrastructural level. This investigation provides immunocytochemical evidence that 5HT and BOM are stored in a single cell type, the P1 cell. Thin sections of airways from human fetal lungs were incubated either in anti-5HT antiserum (diluted 1∶3000) or in anti-BOM antiserum (diluted 1∶600) and then labeled with affinity purified goat anti-rabbit IgG coupled to 16 nm gold particles. For colocalization, thin sections were incubated on one side to demonstrate 5HT and on the other side to demonstrate BOM. Two different sizes of gold particles (10 and 30 nm) were coupled to IgGs and used for the labeled second antibodies. Controls consisted of absorbing of the primary antiserum with an excess of either 5HT or BOM. 5HT-and BOM-like immunoreactivities were observed in the dense-core vesicles (DCV) of P1 cells, and it was apparent from serial sections that 5HT and BOM labeling was sometimes present in the same P1 cells. Sections labeled for 5HT on one side with large gold particles and for BOM on the other side with small gold particles revealed that 5HT-and BOM-like immunoreactivities were located in the same DCV. Labeling did not occur when the anti-5HT antiserum was absorbed with 5HT or when the anti-BOM antiserum was absorbed with BOM. These results demonstrate that 5HT-and BOM-like immunoreactivity is present in P1 endocrine cells of human fetal lung. Furthermore, a single DCV contains both 5HT and BOM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219007
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative morphological study of human Leydig cells from birth to adulthood (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Leydig cell ; Prepubertal testis ; Testosteronecontaining cells ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human testicular specimens were obtained from biopsies and autopsies covering the period from birth to adulthood. The number of testosterone-containing Leydig cells was determined using the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method. This number decreased markedly from 3–6 months of age to the end of the first year of life and, up to 6 years of age, only a small number of testosterone-containing cells was found. From 6 years onwards the number of Leydig cells progressively increased. Ultrastructural examination revealed four types of Leydig cells: (1) fetal-type Leydig cells (from birth to 1 year of age) with round nuclei, abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubular cristae; (2) infantile-type Leydig cells (from birth to 8–10 years of age), showing a multilobated nucleus, moderately abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, some lipid droplets and mitochondria with parallel cristae; (3) prepubertal, partially differentiated Leydig cells (from 6 years of age onwards) with regularly-outlined round nuclei, abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria with tubular cristae, and some lipid droplets and lipofuscin granules; and (4) mature adult Leydig cells (from 8–10 years of age onwards). The ultrastructure of the infantile-type Leydig cells and the lack of delay between the disappearance of the fetal-type Leydig cells and the appearance of infantile-type Leydig cells suggest that fetal-type Leydig cells give rise to the infantile-type Leydig cells. Before puberty, myofibroblast-like precursor cells differentiate into the prepubertal, partially differentiated Leydig cells, which complete their differentiation into the adult Leydig cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215884
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synenkephalin in bovine and human spinal cord (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 641-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spinal cord ; Synenkephalin ; Proenkephalin A ; Enkephalins ; Human ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synenkephalin, which comprises 70 residues at the aminoterminal of proenkephalin, was studied with immunocytochemical methods in the human and bovine spinal cord. Immunoreactive fibers had the same general distribution as methionine-enkephalin, but not as leucine-enkephalin fibers. They were found in all spinal layers and were most numerous in lamina II (outer zone) and V–VI (lateral portion). Synenkephalin immunoreactivity was overall less dense than that of the enkephalins. These results suggest that proenkephalin is the precursor protein also in enkephalinergic neurons of the human spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215206
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and fate of the secretory granules of juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 595-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Renin ; Renin granules ; Granulopoiesis ; Epithelioid cells ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Mouse, rat ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development and fate of the secretory granules in murine, rat and human juxtaglomerular epithelioid cells were examined using ultrastructural and immunocytochemical methods. The formation of mature renin granules occurs by fusion of rhomboid protogranules followed by coalescence of their paracrystalline contents, and by the fusion of roundish juvenile granules having an amorphous internum. Protogranules with paracrystalline contents are prominent in animals with stimulated renin synthesis, indicating an overcharge in processing and/or packaging of the secretory product, renin, under these conditions. Various similarities between lysosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and juvenile renin granules have been observed. With the exception of small MVBs, no renin-negative organelles that could be regarded as lysosomes were found in epithelioid cells of mice and rats. Therefore, we suggest that renin granules are modified lysosomes. Immunocytochemical findings indicate that juvenile secretory granules of epithelioid cells represent the converting and activating compartment for prorenin. Endocytosed foreign tracers such as HRP or cationized ferritin are preferentially internalized by juvenile renin granules, which hence appear to be outstanding by their fusogeneity. Consequently, juvenile granules are probably responsible for the secretion of prorenin, and mature granules for that of active renin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215202
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical study of fetal cells at the maternal-placental interface using monoclonal antibodies to keratins, vimentin and desmin (1986)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 246 (1986), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Trophoblast ; Extraembryonic mesenchyme ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Keratins ; Vimentin ; Desmin ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of keratin, vimentin and desmin intermediate filaments by cells in the placenta, amniochorion and placental bed at different stages of pregnancy was studied by use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies. All trophoblast subsets express keratin but not vimentin or desmin intermediate filaments at all stages of pregnancy. Differentiation of the various forms of trophoblast probably does not involve qualitative alterations to the keratin pattern of embryonic trophoblast. Amniotic epithelium co-expressed keratin and variable amounts of vimentin while a subset of fetal mesenchyme cells of the amniochorion and chorionic villi were immunolabelled by antibodies to keratin, to vimentin and to desmin, suggesting simultaneous triple co-expression of three intermediate filaments. This finding suggests the identification of a cell population that is analogous to parietal endoderm in some eutherian animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219017
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of exercise detraining and deacclimation to the heat on plasma volume dynamics (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 222-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Plasma volume ; Human ; Cycle ergometer ; Plasma proteins ; Electrolytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the discontinuation (DET) of an endurance training/heat acclimation (T/A) program on vascular volumes were studied in 16 adult males. Resting and exercise blood volume dynamics were examined prior to and during an exercise task performed after completion of T/A (CT1) and again at the end of DET (CT2). T/A consisted of cycling at 60% of peak $$\dot V_{O_2 }$$ for 90 min per day, 6 days per week, for 4 weeks. Ambient temperature was 20
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715009
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marathon fatigue: the role of plasma fatty acids, muscle glycogen and blood glucose (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 654-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human ; Marathon ; Fatigue ; Carbohydrate depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of carbohydrate depletion in marathon fatigue was examined in 6 marathon runs. Four of the runs were potentially ‘fast-time’ marathons and culminated in fatigue. The utilization of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), glucose and lactate were measured at intervals throughout the runs. The contribution from protein to energy output was low (1–2%). The utilization of lipid was dependent upon plasma concentrations of FFA, which rose throughout the run. The utilization of carbohydrate mirrored that of FFA and thus fell throughout the run. Fatigue was characterized by a drop in running speed, a drop in carbohydrate utilization, an unchanging FFA utilization and a fall in blood glucose. The fall in blood glucose was not seen in the non-fatigued runners. These results are consistent with carbohydrate depletion being the cause of fatigue. The implications of these data are that lipid is the preferred fuel, but is rate-limiting, and that carbohydrate depletion, even though it causes fatigue, ensures an optimal-time marathon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423212
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Force, speed and power output of the human upper limb during horizontal pulls (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 425-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Energetics ; Human ; Mechanics ; Muscle ; Voluntary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The purpose of the experiment was to examine how force, speed and power output of horizontal pulling with the upper limb was affected by the height of pull. 2. Fourteen seated male subjects made horizontal pulls with maximal effort at eye, shoulder and elbow level from their positions of full reach when the trunk and shoulder girdle were rigidly constrained. 3. Dynamic pulls were performed against a water-filled viscous dynamometer in which the resistance, proportional to the square of the velocity, could be varied. 4. The height of pull had no significant effect on either static or dynamic performance. 5. A force-velocity-position surface is presented which describes the conditions at the handle during the pulls. It confirms the importance of degree of reach upon the dynamic performance, and over a greater range of velocities than has been studied previously. 6. A simple model shows that the similarity of performance at eye, shoulder and elbow heights is remarkable because they occur under very different biomechanical circumstances. 7. The total work done in a complete pull increases with resistance. Peak power output is obtained against the same resistance (50 kg m−1) that was reported for elbow flexion and standing pulls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422745
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of peak torque and contraction work at different isokinetic angular velocities of plantarflexion (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 436-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human ; Isokinetic ; Plantarflexion ; Work ; Torque ; Prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contraction work (CW) and peak torque (PT) of maximum isokinetic plantar flexions were measured in clinically healthy subjects randomly chosen from the official census list of Umeå, Sweden, in three groups: 40–44, 50–54 and 60–64 years of age, with similar proportions of men and women. Maximum isokinetic plantarflexions were performed at angular velocities of 30, 60, 120 and 180
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422747
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of body position and exercise on plasma volume dynamics (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 55 (1986), S. 450-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Plasma proteins ; Human ; Cycle ergometer exercise ; Posture ; Blood volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined the plasma volume changes associated with a protocol of either exercise or controlled rest under identical positional and ambient conditions. Nine healthy adult males rode (E) and on another occasion sat quietly (C) on a cycle ergometer for 30 min. Ten minutes of cycle exercise immediately followed the resting C protocol. Ambient temperature was 30
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422750
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