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  • 1998  (21)
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  • 1881
  • Brassica napus
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greenhouse and field evaluations of transgenic canola against diamondback moth, shape Plutella xylostella, and corn earworm, shape Helicoverpa zea (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: transgenic plants ; transgenic canola ; Brassica napus ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; diamondback moth ; corn earworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars Oscar and Westar, engineered with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cryIA(c) gene, were evaluated for resistance to lepidopterous pests, diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Plutellidae) and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Noctuidae) in greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse preference assays conducted at vegetative and flowering plant stages, transgenic plants recorded very low levels of damage. A 100% diamondback moth mortality and ≈90% corn earworm mortality were obtained on transgenic plants in greenhouse antibiosis assays. The surviving corn earworm larvae on transgenic plants had reduced head capsule width and body weight. Mortality of diamondback moth and corn earworm were 100% and ≈95%, respectively, at different growth stages (seedling, vegetative, bolting, and flowering) on the transgenic plants in greenhouse tests. In field tests conducted during 1995–1997, plots were artificially infested with neonates of diamondback moth or corn earworm or left for natural infestation. Transgenic plants in all the treatments were highly resistant to diamondback moth and corn earworm larvae and had very low levels of defoliation. Plots infested with diamondback moth larvae had greater damage in both seasons as compared with corn earworm infested plots and plots under natural infestation. After exposure to defoliators, transgenic plants usually had higher final plant stand and produced more pods and seeds than non-transgenic plants. Diamondback moth injury caused the most pronounced difference in plant stand and pod and seed number between transgenic and non-transgenic plants. Our results suggest that transgenic canola could be used for effective management of diamondback moth and corn earworm on canola.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003209300897
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of nitrogen nutrition and metabolism on ammonia volatilization in plants (1998)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 51 (1998), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: ammonia emission ; ammonium ; apoplast ; Brassica napus ; compensation point ; glutamine synthetase ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golf) was grown in solution culture with controlled nitrogen availability in order to study the influence of nitrogen nutrition on ammonia emission from the leaves. Ammonia emission measured in cuvettes connected to an automatic NH3 monitor was close to zero for nitrate grown plants but increased to 0.9–1.3 nmol NH3 m-2 leaf area s-1 after 3–5 days of ammonium nutrition. Increasing concentrations from 0.5 to 10 mM NH4 + in the root medium increased NH3 emission from the shoots, root glutamine synthetase activity and NH4 + concentrations in apoplast, xylem sap and bulk tissue, while apoplastic pH values decreased. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase in nitrate grown barley plants by addition of 1 mM methionine sulfoximine (MSO) to the root medium caused ammonia emission to increase 5 to 10-fold after 2–3 hours. At the same time shoot tissue ammonium concentrations started to increase. Addition of an inhibitor of photorespiration, 1 mM pyrid-2-yl hydroxymethane sulfonate (HPMS) reduced this increase in ammonia emission showing a relation between NH3 emission and photorespiration. Oil seed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Global) plants grown at 3 different nitogen levels (2N, 4N and 7N) in a sand/soil mixture showed increasing NH3 compensation points with increasing N level. This increase was highly correlated with increasing NH4 + concentrations in the leaf apoplast and total leaf tissue. The NH3 compensation points could be succesfully predicted on basis of the pH and NH4 + concentration in the leaf apoplast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009796610912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brassica napus hsp90 can autophosphorylate and phosphorylate other protein substrates (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 185 (1998), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: hsp90 ; Brassica napus ; protein kinase ; phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Brassica napus cDNA encoding the 90 kDa heat shock protein, hsp90, was modified to add 6 histidines at the C-terminus and expressed in insect cells to prepare a recombinant histidine-tagged hsp90. The recombinant protein was purified over Ni2+-NTA agarose columns and its identity was confirmed by Western blotting, using a plant hsp90-specific antiserum. Incubation of purified hsp90 with [γ-32P] ATP in the presence of Mn2+ resulted in its autophosphorylation on serine residues. The purified hsp90 could also phosphorylate other protein substrates such as histones and casein in the presence of Mn2+. Analysis of phosphorylated casein revealed that serine residues are phosphorylated by hsp90. This is the first demonstration that a cytosolic hsp90 homolog can phosphorylate other protein substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006884306169
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapeseed FAE1 gene is linked to the E1 locus associated with variation in the content of erucic acid (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase ; FAE1 ; Brassica napus ; Erucic acid ; E1 locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The synthesis of very long chain fatty acids occurs in the cytoplasm via an elongase complex. A key component of this complex is the β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, a condensing enzyme which in Arabidopsis is encoded by the FAE1 gene. Two sequences homologous to the FAE1 gene were isolated from a Brassica napus immature embryo cDNA library. The two clones, CE7 and CE8, contain inserts of 1647 bp and 1654 bp, respectively. The CE7 gene encodes a protein of 506 amino acids and the CE8 clone, a protein of 505 amino acids, each having an approximate molecular mass of 56 kDa. The sequences of the two cDNA clones are highly homologous yet distinct, sharing 97% nucleotide identity and 98% identity at the amino acid level. Southern hybridisation showed the rapeseed β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase to be encoded by a small multigene family. Northern hybridisation showed the expression of the rapeseed FAE1 gene(s) to be restricted to the immature embryo. One of the FAE1 genes is tightly linked to the E1 locus, one of two loci controlling erucic acid content in rapeseed. The identity of the second locus, E2, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of molecular markers associated with linoleic acid desaturation in Brassica napus (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 897-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words RAPD ; Linoleic linolenic acid ; Brassica napus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Linolenic acid is a component of canola oil that is readily oxidized, which results in a reduced frying stability and shelf life of the oil. The reduction of linolenic acid in canola seed has therefore been an important breeding objective for many years. The inheritance of linolenic acid concentrations in seed oil is polygenic and is also strongly influenced by the environment. For these reasons, molecular markers are sought to assist in early and reliable selection of desired low linolenic acid genotypes in breeding programmes. Molecular markers associated with low linolenic acid loci were identified in a doubled-haploid population derived from a cross between the Brassica napus lines, ‘Apollo’ (low linolenic)×YN90-1016 (high linolenic) using RAPDs and bulked segregant analysis. A total of 16 markers were distributed over three linkage groups, which individually accounted for 32%, 14% and 5% of the phenotypic variation in linolenic acid content. The rapeseed fad3 gene was mapped near the locus controlling 14% of the variation. The mode of inheritance appeared to be additive, and a QTL analysis showed that collectively the three loci explained 51% of the phenotypic variation within this population. PCR fragments for low linolenic acid ‘Apollo’ alleles (3% linolenic acid) were identified at all three loci. Simultaneous selection for low linolenic acid ‘Apollo’ alleles at each locus resulted in a group of DH lines with 4.0% linolenic acid. The use of these makers in the breeding programme will enhance the breeding of low linolenic acid B. napus cultivars for production in Canada.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050817
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pollen-dispersal experiment with transgenic oilseed rape. Estimation of the average pollen dispersal of an individual plant within a field (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 886-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Risk assessment ; Pollen flow ; Transgene ; Fourier transforms ; Brassica napus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In order to help establish a basis for the assessment of gene flow associated with the large-scale release of transgenic oilseed rape, we previously designed a method which makes it possible to retrieve the average pollen dispersal of a single plant from that of a large source plot. The ‘individual’ pollen distribution thus obtained is less dependent on the experimental design than pollen distributions usually published and could therefore be used to model the possible escape of a transgene from commercial transgenic crops. In this study we report on a field experiment set up to study the pollen dispersal from an herbicide-resistant transgenic variety of oilseed rape and to test the applicability of the method on the experimental data. Two techniques were used to determine the individual pollen dispersal, and their outcomes are compared. The results suggest that approximately half of the pollen produced by an individual plant fell within 3 m and that the probability of fertilisation afterwards decreased slowly along a negative exponential of the distance. Comparison with the global pollen distribution from the source plot indicates that pollen-dispersal distributions based on dispersal from whole plots instead of individual plants would have underestimated the proportion of pollen that was dispersed over average or long distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050816
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeted mapping approaches to identify DNA markers linked to the Rfp1 restorer gene for the ‘Polima’ CMS of canola (Brassica napus L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Targeted mapping ; RFLP ; RAPD ; Brassica napus ; Polima CMS ; Nearly isogenic line ; Bulked segregant analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We have used two targeting approaches [pairs of nearly isogenic lines (NILs) and bulked segregant analysis] to identify DNA markers linked to the Rfp1 restorer gene for the pol CMS of canola (Brassica napus L.). We were able to target the Rfp1 locus as efficiently by comparing NILs as by bulked segregant analysis, and it was demonstrated in this instance that double-screening strategies could significantly improve the overall targeting efficiency. The chance occurrence of shared homozygosity at specific unlinked chromosomal regions in the bulks was found to limit the efficiency of bulked segregant analysis, while the efficiency of NIL comparison was limited by residual DNA from the donor cultivar at scattered sites throughout the genome of the NILs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050913
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterologous and homologous transgenic expression directed by a 2S seed storage promoter of Brassica napus (1998)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 7 (1998), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: pollen ; seed ; storage protein ; Brassica napus ; heterologous expression ; homologous expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Few plant genes have been analysed in both homologous and heterologous transgenic systems. In this study, deletion mutants of the storage protein promoter napA fused to the receptor gene uidA (GUS) were analysed for their ability to direct tissue-specific expres sion in transgenic tobacco as well as transgenic Brassica napus. In seeds, qualitatively similar results have previously been obtained, demonstrating that transcription factors in the heterologous tobacco system recognized the napA promoter cis elements, more or less in the same way as in B. napus (Ellerstrom et al., 1996; Stalberg et al., 1996). However, in anthers of the transgenic plants, clear differences were noted. The napA promoter constructs were inactive in transgenic B. napus anthers. In contrast, tobacco anthers displayed activities of similar magnitudes to those previously found in the seed for the respective promoter constructs. Interestingly, in seven constructs the activity in the anthers was retained dow nstream from an imperfect ABRE element, whereas no activity could be detected in the seed. Another clear difference was that a region from −211 to −152 silenced the expression in anthers whereas this region had no effect on the activity in the seed. Likewise, in tobacco the napA promoter showed a low activity in leaves. Histochemical staining of young tobacco leaves showed that this activity was considerably higher in stomata guard cells than in the mesophyll cells while the leaves of the B. napus plants had a diffuse and barely detectable staining in the mesophyll cells. The high level of napA transcription in tobacco anthers indicates that the set of transcription factors and corresponding cis-sequences that direct tissue-specific transcription in this organ are similar to those responsible for seed-specific expression. However, comparison of the levels of expression in anthers and seeds in individual plants revealed that there was no correlation between the activities in the two organs, which suggests that positional effects influence the transcription complexes differently in seeds and anthers. Further, this study shows that careful analysis of expression directed by promoter mutants in a heterologous transformation system might reveal important cis-elements, not discernible in the tighter homologous situation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008884728643
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    sn-1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase of Escherichia coli causes insertion of cis-11 eicosenoic acid into the sn-2 position of transgenic rapeseed oil (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular breeding 4 (1998), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9788
    Keywords: sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase ; Brassica napus ; cis-11 eicosenoic acid ; Escherichia coli ; triacylglycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The plsC gene of Escherichia coli encoding sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase was modified by inserting an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal to its 3′ end and introduced into rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants under the control of a napin promotor. In developing seeds from transgenic plants an sn-1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity was detectable which showed substrate specificities typical of the E. coli enzyme. Moreover, seed oil from the transformants unlike that from untransformed plants contained substantial amounts of triacylglycerol species esterified with very-long-chain fatty acids at each glycerol position. Analysis of fatty acids at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol showed hardly any very-long-chain fatty acids in untransformed plants, but in certain transformants these fatty acids were present, namely about 4% erucic acid and 9% eicosenoic acid. These data demonstrate that the bacterial acyltransferase can function in developing rapeseed and alters the stereochemical composition of transgenic rape seed oil by directing very-long-chain fatty acids, especially cis-11 eicosenoic acid, to its sn-2 position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009615229344
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of Brassica juncea (Indian Mustard) Lines to Australian Isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans under Glasshouse and Field Conditions (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 895-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; Brassica carinata ; field resistance ; pathogenicity ; plant breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) lines from diverse geographical locations around the world and from Australian breeding programs were screened for resistance to the blackleg fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, in both glasshouse and field trials. The five Australian L. maculans isolates used in glasshouse trials could be classified into two groups; those that attacked all B. juncea lines, and those that attacked none. All these isolates caused lesions on cotyledons of B. napus cultivars including Westar, Glacier and Quinta, suggesting that they are in Pathogenicity Group 4 as described by Koch et al. (1991). The two isolates that attacked B. juncea also attacked B. napus lines to a similar extent, but did not attack the two B. carinata lines tested. Brassica lines were sown in a blackleg disease nursery at Lake Bolac, Victoria, Australia, and five indicators of blackleg disease were measured (survival rate, disease rating, disease incidence, external and internal lesion length). All 92 B. juncea lines developed blackleg symptoms. Although they displayed a high disease incidence in the field, almost all of the B. juncea lines were more blackleg-resistant than a B. napus cultivar, Dunkeld, which is amongst the most resistant cultivars in commercial production in Australia. Four B. carinata lines were more resistant than any of the B. juncea lines, suggesting that this species may be a useful source of blackleg resistance in B. napus breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008609131695
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 101 (1998), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; fatty acid composition ; NIRS ; rapeseed ; reflectance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid method to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed samples of rapeseed. A total of 549 samples (3 g intact seed) from selected mutant and breeding lines were scanned by NIRS, and 220 of them were selected and scanned again by using two different adapters, which reduced the sample size to 300 and 60 mg, respectively. Selected samples were analysed by gas liquid chromatography and calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed. Calibrations for oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acid were highly accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation from 0.95 to 0.98 (samples of 3 g), from 0.93 to 0.97 (300 mg), and from 0.84 to 0.96 (60 mg). Calibrations for palmitic and stearic acid were less accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation always lower than 0.8, probably because of the narrow range available for these fatty acids. The accuracy of the calibration equations for eicosenoic acid was very low (r2 = 0.69 in 3 g samples), although improved equations were developed (r2 from 0.78 to 0.91) when the relationship between erucic and eicosenoic acid was taken into account. We conclude that NIRS is a powerful technique to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in rapeseed, provided that samples covering a wide range of fatty acid levels are available, with the advantage that such estimation is possible with few additional costs when NIRS is used for the determination of other seed quality traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018358707847
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of bulked DNA samples for RAPD DNA fingerprinting of genetically complex Brassica napus cultivars (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 102 (1998), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; RAPD ; bulked DNA ; DNA fingerprinting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Since DNA-based markers are unaffected by environmental or physiological factors, they have potential utility in the description of plant cultivars required for award of proprietary rights (i.e. Plant Breeders' Rights). The high discriminating power of this class of markers, however, can also make demonstration of uniformity and stability of such a marker within a cultivar difficult, especially for genetically-complex cultivars. This report examines the usefulness of bulking equal quantities of DNA from 14 to 20 individuals of a cultivar to identification of RAPD DNA markers that distinguish between Brassica napus cultivars of varying genetic complexity. For the four cultivars assessed (Quantum, OAC Springfield, Innovator and AC Excel), it is shown that consistent presence/absence scores are obtained from bulked DNA samples for three different RAPD markers despite a significant degree of variation among samples from individuals. Use of bulked DNA samples thus may enable identification of a distinguishing profile of RAPD markers whose presence/absence is uniform and stable even in complex cultivars. Nevertheless, RAPD markers remain limited in that they are not strictly quantitative in nature. This limitation is discussed with respect to cultivar description for plant breeders' rights applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018378304701
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field observations on nitrogen catch crops (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 201 (1998), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; cover crop ; Raphanus sativus ; Secale cereale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen catch crops help to reduce the loss of nitrogen from arable cropping systems during autumn and winter. The ability of catch crops to absorb nitrogen from the soil profile is affected by rate and depth of colonization of the soil by roots. The aim of the current work was to analyze total root length and root length density of catch crops in relation to above ground growth, nitrogen supply and crop species. In two field experiments roots were sampled with an auger. Experimental factors included crop species (winter rye, Secale cereale and forage rape, Brassica napus ssp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk., or oil radish, Raphanus sativus spp. oleiferus (DC.) Metzg.), two sowing dates S1 and S2 (end of August and three weeks later) and two nitrogen treatments: N0, no nitrogen applied, and N1, nitrogen applied at non-limiting rate. The natural logarithm of the total root length, measured in the top 40 cm, L0–40 (km m-2), was linearly related to natural logarithm of the dry weight of the shoot, W (g m-2). There was no effect of species or sowing date on this relation. For a given W, N1 treatments showed lower values of L0–40 than N0 treatments. The decline in root length density, D (cm cm-3), with depth, X (cm), was described with the function ln D = ln D0 − qX, where D0 is the value of D at zero depth and q the linear coefficient. D0 was linearly related to L0–40, without effect of species, time of observation or N supply. The ratio D0/q, an estimate of the absolute root length, was 1.24 × L0–40. Together the relations enable estimates to be made of total root length and of root length distribution with depth using shoot dry weight of catch crops and its change with time as input. The generation of such estimates of root distribution is necessary for model studies in which the efficacy of catch crops to prevent N losses is evaluated in relation to sowing dates, distribution of N in the soil profile and the distribution of rainfall in the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004367530320
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Brassica cDNA clone encoding a bifunctional hydroxymethylpyrimidine kinase/thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase involved in thiamin biosynthesis (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 955-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: bifunctional enzyme ; Brassica napus ; cDNA ; hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate kinase ; thiamin ; thiamin phosphate pyrophosphorylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the characterization of a Brassica napus cDNA clone (pBTH1) encoding a protein (BTH1) with two enzymatic activities in the thiamin biosynthetic pathway, thiamin-phosphate pyrophosphorylase (TMP-PPase) and 2-methyl-4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine-monophosphate kinase (HMP-P kinase). The cDNA clone was isolated by a novel functional complementation strategy employing an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in the TMP-PPase activity. A biochemical assay showed the clone to confer recovery of TMP-PPase activity in the E. coli mutant strain. The cDNA clone is 1746 bp long and contains an open reading frame encoding a peptide of 524 amino acids. The C-terminal part of BTH1 showed 53% and 59% sequence similarity to the N-terminal TMP-PPase region of the bifunctional yeast proteins Saccharomyces THI6 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe THI4, respectively. The N-terminal part of BTH1 showed 58% sequence similarity to HMP-P kinase of Salmonella typhimurium. The cDNA clone functionally complemented the S. typhimurium and E. coli thiD mutants deficient in the HMP-P kinase activity. These results show that the clone encodes a bifunctional protein with TMP-PPase at the C-terminus and HMP-P kinase at the N-terminus. This is in contrast to the yeast bifunctional proteins that encode TMP-PPase at the N-terminus and 4-methyl-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)thiazole kinase at the C-terminus. Expression of the BTH1 gene is negatively regulated by thiamin, as in the cases for the thiamin biosynthetic genes of microorganisms. This is the first report of a plant thiamin biosynthetic gene on which a specific biochemical activity is assigned. The Brassica BTH1 gene may correspond to the Arabidopsis TH-1 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006030617502
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Increasing Herbivore Pressure on Modification of Glucosinolate Content of Swedes (Brassica napus spp. rapifera) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 2003-2019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Herbivore pressure ; glucosinolate ; induced response ; turnip root fly ; Delia floralis ; Brassica napus ; root damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of increasing herbivore pressure, in the form of larval feeding damage by the turnip root fly, Delia floralis, on the glucosinolate content of swede roots (Brassica napus ssp. rapifera) was investigated. Only one of the 14 root glucosinolates detected, 3-indolyl methyl glucosinolate, rose significantly with increasing levels of insect attack. Although other root glucosinolate concentrations altered following damage, the induced changes were no greater from inoculation with 20 eggs/root than with 5 eggs/root. Swedes roots that had been damaged by D. floralis contained approximately three times the concentration of total indolyl glucosinolates of control roots. This change was strongly influenced by a fourfold increase in the concentration of 1-methoxy-3-indolyl methyl glucosinolate. The total glucosinolate concentration found in swede roots remained unchanged overall as a result of a fall in the concentration of five of the aliphatic glucosinolates, which balanced the rise in aromatic glucosinolates. The relevance of these results to studies of crucifer–insect interactions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020729524818
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of Cabbage Seed Weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis) to Baits of Extracted and Synthetic Host-Plant Odor (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 2101-2114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anemotaxis ; Ceutorhynchus assimilis ; Brassica napus ; host-plant extracts ; wind tunnel ; isothiocyanates ; α-farnesene ; trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of extracted and artificial oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) odors on the behavioral response of male and female cabbage seed weevils (Ceutorynchus assimilis) was investigated in a wind tunnel. Odor-mediated upwind anemotaxis was induced by leaf extract and its artificial equivalent. Omission of two isothiocyanates from the artificial extract significantly reduced the upwind movement of females. Increasing the wind speed within the tunnel significantly reduced upwind movement in response to the odor of leaf and flower extracts. The artificial baits proved less attractive than simple extracts from oilseed rape. Field trapping confirmed that extracted leaf material was more attractive than artificial equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020741827544
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visualization of the Brassica self-incompatibility S-locus on identified oilseed rape chromosomes (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 1081-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fluorescence in situ hybridization ; Brassica napus ; S-locus ; rDNAs ; image analysis ; quantitative chromosome map
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventy years after Karpechenko [15] first reported the accurate chromosome number of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., 2n=38), we have developed a quantitative chromosome map of rape using computer imaging technology. The capacity to identify individual rape chromosomes will facilitate a wide range of genetic studies. Here we demonstrate the use of imaging methods in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize, on identified chromosomes, the single copy S-locus glycoprotein and S-locus-related genes involved in the self-incompatibility system of Brassica. These techniques have a broader application in plant genome research involving the mapping of single-copy genes and markers, irrespective of the plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006036100987
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The production of yellow-seeded Brassica napus (AACC) through crossing interspecific hybrids of B. campestris (AA) and B. carinata (BBCC) with B. napus (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 103 (1998), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; yellow-seed coat ; B. campestris and B. carinata interspecific hybridization ; hexaploid (AABBCC) ; pentaploid (AABCC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To transfer the genes for yellow seed coat from both genomes A and C to B. napus (AACC), the hexaploid of Brassica (AABBCC) was synthesised from reciprocal interspecific crosses between yellow-seeded B.campestris (AA) and B.carinata (BBCC). The hexaploid with 27 pairs of chromosomes was red-seeded which showed that genic interaction existed in the trigenomic plants for the colour of the seed coat. Hundreds of hybrid seeds were obtained from crosses between the red-seeded hexaploid and partial yellow or brown-seeded varieties of B. napus as pollen donor. The majority of the hybrid plants (AABCC) were self fertile with brown seeds. It appeared that the chromosomes of the B genome were excluded during the meiosis of the pentaploid and a high proportion of the genetically balanced AC gametes could be produced. The fertility of the F2 population was increased and even reached normal levels for some plants. Seventy-three plants with the yellow-seeded character were isolated from 2590 open-pollinated F2 plants, most with increased fertility. After two successive self-pollinations, 18 lines produced yellow seeds and no brown seeds segregated from these populations. The morphology of the novel yellow-seeded plants was basically towards B. napus. Esterase isoenzyme electrophoresis showed that the plants contained some of the genetic background of B. campestris, B. carinata and B. napus. Cytological analysis has shown that at least some yellow-seeded lines have the B.napus AACC genome composition with 38 chromosomes and normal meiotic pairing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018646223643
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promoter regions of the extA extensin gene from Brassica napus control activation in response to wounding and tensile stress. (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 675-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; extensin ; promoter analysis ; repressors ; tensile stress ; wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To identify controlling cis acting promoter regions in the B. napus extA extensin gene, expression in transgenic tobacco of 5′ −159, −433, −664, −789 and −940 bp promoter truncations linked to the uidA (B-glucuronidase) reporter coding sequence were analysed. The −159 and −433 bp truncations directed non specific expression in all cell types within the plant. An activator region which increased expression levels 10 fold in all cell types was located between −159 to −433 bp. A repressor region was found between −664 to −789 bp; removal of this region resulted in a 15 fold increase in expression. Histochemical analysis showed that transgenics containing the −664, −789 and −940 bp truncations directed expression of the fusion gene only in the phloem. A negative regulatory region located between −433 to −664 bp repressed expression in non-phloem cell types. In areas of the plant subject to tensile stress, the repression exerted by the negative regulatory region was overcome, allowing expression in all cell types. The quantitative repressor and activator regions which controlled absolute expression levels in all cell types were seperate from the negative regulatory region which controlled cell type specific expression in response to tensile stress. A wound responsive region was found to be located between −940 to −3500 bp. Thus, the extA gene is under complex control, being regulated by 4 sets of positively and negatively acting cis regions, which control wound inducibility, activation in response to tensile stress, and quantitative expression levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005918816630
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conserved structure and function of the Arabidopsis flowering time gene CONSTANS in Brassica napus (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 763-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Brassica napus ; constans ; flowering ; zinc finger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Arabidopsis thaliana CONSTANS (CO) gene which promotes flowering in long days was recently isolated by chromosome walking. The mapping of QTLs controlling flowering time in Brassica species has identified genomic regions that contain homologues of the CO gene. Four genes homologous to the Arabidopsis CO gene were isolated from a pair of homoeologous loci in each of two doubled-haploid Brassica napus lines displaying different flowering times, N-o-1 and N-o-9. The four genes, BnCOa1, BnCOa9, BnCOb1 and BnCOb9, are located on linkage groups N10 and N19, and are highly similar to each other and to the Arabidopsis CO gene. Two regions of the proteins are particularly well conserved, a N-terminal region with two putative zinc fingers and a C-terminal region which may contain a nuclear localization signal. All four genes appear to be expressed in B. napus. The BnCOa1 allele was shown to complement the co-2 mutation in Arabidopsis in a dosage-dependent manner causing earlier flowering than in wild type under both long- and short-day conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006064514311
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficiency of transfer of plants cultivated in vitro to ex vitro conditions as affected by sugar supply (1998)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 41 (1998), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; ex vitro acclimation ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The greatest growth of wheat and rape plants in vitro was reached on media with 5 or 9 % sucrose, respectively. The highest efficiency for transfer of these plants to ex vitro conditions was found at the same sucrose concentrations. The content of endogenous non-structural saccharides (glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch and fructans) increased with increasing sucrose concentration in the medium up to 10 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001832114345
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of different (CaMV 35S and mas) promoter activities and risk assessment of field use in transgenic rapeseed plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; Brassica napus ; CaMV 35S promoter ; mas promoter ; gene expression ; risk assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Gene fusions between the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and the promoters of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA transcript (CaMV 35S) and the mannopine synthase (mas) genes were introduced into rapeseed varieties via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Fluorometric assay of β-glucuronidase activity indicated different expression patterns for the two promoters. In seedlings, the CaMV 35S promoter had maximum activity in the primary roots, while the mas promoter was most active in the cotyledons. Etiolated seedlings cultured in the dark showed reduced activity of the mas promoter. Before vernalization at the rosette stage, both promoters were more active in older plant parts than in younger ones. At this stage the highest activity was recorded in cotyledons. After the plants had bolted reduced promoter function was detected in the upper parts of the transformed plants. Both promoters were found to be functional in the majority of the studied organs of transgenic rapeseed plants, but the promoter activity varied considerably between the organs at different developmental stages. The ability of pollen to transfer the introduced genes to other varieties and related species (e.g. Brassica napus and Diplotaxus muralis) by cross-pollination was studied in greenhouse experiments, and field trials were carried out to estimate the distance for biologically-relevant gene dispersal. In artificial crossing, the introduced marker gene was transferable into other varieties of Brassica napus. In field trials, at a distance of 1 metre from the source of transgenic plants, the frequency of an outcrossing event was relatively high (10-3). Resistant individuals were found at 16 and 32 metres from the transgenic pollen donors, but the frequency of an outcrossing event dropped to 10-5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023974
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of disease resistance within the genus Brassica through asymmetric somatic hybridization (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: asymmetric somatic hybridization ; Brassica napus ; Brassica nigra ; disease resistance transfer ; dot blot analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Asymmetric somatic hybrid plants between Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape genome AACC) and a transgenic line of Brassica nigra L. Koch (black mustard genome BB) were tested for their resistance against rapeseed pathogens Phoma lingam (black leg disease) and Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root disease). The transgenic B. nigra line used (hygromycin-resistant, donor) is highly resistant to both fungi, whereas B. napus (recipient) is highly susceptible. The asymmetric somatic hybrids were produced using the donor-recipient fusion method (with X-irradiation of donor protoplasts) reported by Zelcer et al. (1978) for the production of cybrids. Using hygromycin-B for selection, a total of 332 hybrid calli were obtained. Regenerants, resistant or susceptible to both diseases, were selected. Many hybrids expressed resistance to only one pathogen. Dot blot experiments showed that the asymmetric hybrid plants contained varying amounts of the donor genomic DNA. Furthermore, a correlation was detected between the radiation dose and the degree of donor DNA elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023953
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of oxalic acid by transgenic oilseed rape plants expressing oxalate oxidase (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; disease tolerance ; oxalic acid ; oxalate oxidase ; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Oxalic acid is thought to have a primary role in the pathogenicity of several plant pathogens, notably Sclerotinia selerotiorum. A gene coding for the enzyme oxalate oxidase was isolated from barley roots and introduced into oilseed rape as a means of degrading oxalic acid in vivo. This report describes the production of several transgenic plants of oilseed rape and the characterisation of these plants by Southern, Western and enzyme activity assays. Plants were shown to contain an active oxalate oxidase enzyme and were tolerant of exogenously supplied oxalic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023945
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of oilseed rape to produce oils for industrial use by means of applied tissue culture methodology (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; fatty acids ; gas chromatography ; Lunaria annua ; protoplast regeneration ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A programme of research was designed to investigate methods for the modification of the fatty acid profiles of high performance lines of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in an attempt to produce lines with enhanced levels of industrially useful fatty acids. The methodology employed to achieve these objectives was based on the exploitation of somaclonal or protoclonal variation, and targeted somatic hybridization using wild cruciferous germplasm as fusion partners. A range of somaclonal lines was produced from shoot regeneration protocols. These lines underwent replicated, randomised glasshouse trials for morphological assessment followed by gas chromatographic analysis to monitor any changes in fatty acid profile. It was found that a small number of lines exhibited potentially useful changes in oleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Protoplast regeneration and electrofusion protocols for a range of winter oilseed rape lines were developed, and methods for the isolation and fusion of protoplasts of the wild crucifer Lunaria annua (chosen for its high nervonic acid content) established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023962
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