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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tomographic distribution of acetylated histone H4 in plant chromosomes, nuclei and nucleoli (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 105 (1996), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Root tip cells of broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv. ’Wase soramame’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ’Minorimugi’) were immunostained with antibodies specific for acetylated histone H4. With an antiserum that recognizes histone H4 acetylated at lysine-5, the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) in mitotic chromosomes was strongly labeled in both species. The broad bean had two signals in the metaphase and telophase chromosome complements and four signals in the prophase and anaphase chromosome complements, while the barley had four signals in the metaphase and telophase chromosome complements and eight signals in the prophase and anaphase complements. Five different patterns of signals were observed at interphase: in type I only nucleoli were wholly stained; in type II perinucleolar knob-like signals and/or fiber-like signals emanated from the nucleus; in type III aggregate signals appeared in the nucleolus; in type IV many small dot-like signals were distributed throughout the nucleus, except nucleoli; and in type V string-like or some granule-like signals appeared in the nucleoli. Type II was very similar to previous results by in situ hybridization with sense rDNA probes. Type III was similar to the patterns of DNA synthesis recognized as chromatin domains by anti-BrdU antibodies. Type V was very similar to the results of in situ hybridization with pTa71, rDNA probes and the appearance of the dense fibrillar components of the nucleolus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050187
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Globular and Fibrous Structure in Barley Chromosomes Revealed by High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 5 (1997), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Schlagwort(e): barley chromosome ; high-resolution scanning electron microscopy ; surface structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Barley chromosomes were prepared for high-resolution scanning electron microscopy using a combination of enzyme maceration, treatment in acetic acid and osmium impregnation using thiocarbohydrazide. Using this technique, the three-dimensional ultra-structure of interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes was examined. In interphase, different levels of chromatin condensation were observed, consisting of fibrils 10 nm in diameter, 20- to 40-nm fibres and a higher order complex. In prophase, globular and strand-like structures composed of 20- to 40-nm fibres were dominant. As the cells progressed through the cell cycle and the chromatin condensed, globular and strand-like structures (chromomeres) were coiled and packed to form chromosomes. Chromomeres were observed as globular protuberances on the surface of metaphase chromosomes. These findings indicate that the chromomere is a fundamental substructure of the higher order architecture of the chromosome. In the centromeric region, there were no globular protuberances, but 20- to 40-nm fibres were folded compactly to form a higher level organization surrounding the chromosomal axis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CHRO.0000038766.53836.c3
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Visualization of the Brassica self-incompatibility S-locus on identified oilseed rape chromosomes (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 38 (1998), S. 1081-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): fluorescence in situ hybridization ; Brassica napus ; S-locus ; rDNAs ; image analysis ; quantitative chromosome map
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Seventy years after Karpechenko [15] first reported the accurate chromosome number of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., 2n=38), we have developed a quantitative chromosome map of rape using computer imaging technology. The capacity to identify individual rape chromosomes will facilitate a wide range of genetic studies. Here we demonstrate the use of imaging methods in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize, on identified chromosomes, the single copy S-locus glycoprotein and S-locus-related genes involved in the self-incompatibility system of Brassica. These techniques have a broader application in plant genome research involving the mapping of single-copy genes and markers, irrespective of the plant species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006036100987
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative chromosome map of the polyploid Saccharum spontaneum by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization and imaging methods (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 39 (1999), S. 1165-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): condensation pattern ; image analysis ; multi-color FISH of 45S and 5S rDNAs ; polyploidy ; quantitative chromosome map ; Saccharum spontaneum L. ; wild sugarcane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Somatic chromosomes of a wild relative of sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum L.) anther culture-derived clone (AP 85-361, 2n=32) were identified and characterized by computer-aided imaging technology and molecular cytological methods. The presence of four satellite chromosomes and four nearly identical chromosome sets suggests that the clone is a tetrahaploid with the basic number x=8. A quantitative chromosome map, or idiogram, was developed using image analysis of the condensation pattern (CP) at the prometaphase stage of somatic chromosomes. The 45S and 5S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) loci were simultaneously visualized by multi-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (McFISH) and precisely localized to the regions of 3p3.1 and 6q1.3 on the idiogram. The simultaneous visualization of two sets of four ribosomal RNA genes confirms tetraploidy of this clone. This conclusion is consistent with results of molecular marker mapping. The quantitative chromosome map produced will become the foundation for genome analyses based on chromosome identity and structure. Previously impossible identification of small chromosomes and untestable hypotheses about the polyploid nature of plants can now be settled with these two approaches of quantitative karyotyping and FISH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006133804170
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bryophyte 5S rDNA was inserted into 45S rDNA repeat units after the divergence from higher land plants (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 41 (1999), S. 679-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): 18S ; 5.8S and 26S ribosomal RNA genes (45S rDNA) ; 5S rDNA ; bryophyte ; fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ; liverwort ; Marchantia polymorpha
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The 5S ribosomal RNA genes (5S rDNA) are located independently from the 45S rDNA repeats containing 18S, 5.8S and 26S ribosomal RNA genes in higher eukaryotes. Southern blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated that the 5S rDNAs are encoded in the 45S rDNA repeat unit of a liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, in contrast to higher plants. Sequencing analyses revealed that a single-repeat unit of the M. polymorpha nuclear rDNA, which is 16 103 bp in length, contained a 5S rDNA downstream of 18S, 5.8S and 26S rDNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report on co-localization of the 5S and 45S rDNAs in the rDNA repeat of land plants. Furthermore, we detected a 5S rDNA in the rDNA repeat of a moss, Funaria hygrometrica, by a homology search in a database. These findings suggest that there has been structural re-organization of the rDNAs after divergence of the bryophytes from the other plant species in the course of evolution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006398419556
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromosomal regions controlling anther culturability in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 103 (1998), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): albino plant regeneration ; anther culture ; callus formation ; distorted segregation ; Oryza sativa L. ; RFLP mapping
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Diallel analysis has revealed that anther culturability in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a quantitative trait controlled by the nuclear genome. Mapping of anther culturability is important to increase the efficiency for green plant regeneration from microspores. In the previous study, we detected distorted segregation of RFLP markers in rice populations derived from the anther culture of an F1 hybrid between a japonica cultivar ‘Nipponbare’ and an indica cultivar ‘Milyang 23’. To clarify the association between chromosomal regions showing distorted segregation and anther culturability, the anther culturability of doubled haploid lines derived from the same cross combination was examined, and the association between alleles of the RFLP markers, which exhibiting the most distorted segregation on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 10 and 11, and the anther culturability was evaluated. One region on chromosome 1 was found to control callus formation from microspores, and one region on chromosome 10 appeared to control the ratio of green to albino regenerated plants. In both regions, the Nipponbare allele had positive effects. Three regions on chromosomes 3, 7 and 11, however, showed no significant effect on anther culturability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018328708322
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Site-specific accumulation of a LINE-like retrotransposon in a sex chromosome of the dioecious plant Cannabis sativa (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 723-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Cannabis sativa ; fluorescence in situ hybridization ; male ; retrotransposon ; sex chromosome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Male-associated DNA sequences were analysed in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), a dioecious plant with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. A male-associated DNA sequence in C. sativa (MADC1) and its flanking sequence encoded a reverse transcriptase that was strongly homologous to those of LINE-like retrotransposons from various plants and other organisms, as well as another open reading frame (ORF). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with MADC1 as probe, which yielded strong signals specific for male genomic DNA in gel blot analysis, generated a clear doublet signal at the end of the long arm of the Y chromosome. FISH using pachytene chromosomes of pollen mother cells at meiotic prophase I revealed that pairing of X and Y chromosomes occurred at the short arm of the Y chromosome where MADC1 was not present. Furthermore, FISH using extended DNA fibers, with MADC1 and its flanking DNA as probes, revealed that 100 to 200 copies of the retrotransposon were located in tandem on the Y chromosome. These results support the hypothesis that accumulation of a specific LINE-like retrotransposon at the terminal region of the long arm of the Y chromosome might be one cause of heteromorphism of sex chromosomes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026574405717
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Physical mapping of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes on rice chromosome 11 (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 245 (1994), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Rice ; 5S ribosomal RNA gene ; In situ hybridization ; Imaging ; 5S rDNA sequence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract One 5S ribosomal RNA gene (5S rDNA) locus was localized on chromosome 11 of japonica rice by in situ hybridization. The biotinylated DNA probe used was prepared by direct cloning and direct labeling methods, and the locus was localized to the proximal region of the short arm of chromosome 11 (llpl.l) by imaging methods. The distance between the signal site and the centromere is 4.0 arbitrary units, where the total length of the short arm is 43.3 units. The 5S rDNA locus physically identified and mapped in rice was designated as 5SRrn. The position of the 5S rDNA locus reported here differs from that in indica rice; possible reasons for this difference are discussed. DNA sequences of 5S rDNA are also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283259
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chloroplast division in cultured cells of the hornwortAnthoceros punctatus (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 106 (1993), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Schlagwort(e): Anthoceros punctatus ; Bryophyte ; Chloroplast division ; DNA content ; Hornwort
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Using cultured cells of the hornwortAnthoceros punctatus, the change in the relative chloroplast DNA content in each stage of chloroplast division was investigated to clarify the relationship between the division cycle of a chloroplast and a cell nucleus. Samples of cultured cells were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and then observed with an epifluorescence microscope and a chromosome image analyzing system (CHIAS). A chloropiast in cultured cells duplicated DNA with an increase in size. When a chloroplast began to divide, it was constricted in the middle, taking a dumbbell shape, and then divided into two daughter chloroplasts. In cultured cells of this species, the pattern of quantitative change of chloroplast DNA, that is, the DNA replication pattern of chloroplasts, corresponded to that of cell nuclear DNA in mitosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02345976
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genome and Chromosome Dimensions of Lotus japonicus (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 113 (2000), S. 435-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Condensation pattern, Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Genome size, Lotus japonicus, Quantitative chromosome map, rDNAs
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Lotus Japonicus , Miyakojima MG-20 and Gifu B-129. The genome sizes of Miyakojima and Gifu were determined as 472.1 and 442.8 Mbp, respectively. Both the accessions were diploid (2n=12) and six chromosomes were identified and characterized based on the condensation patterns and the locations of rDNA loci. The obvious polymorphism observed in the genome size and the chromosome morphology between the two accessions, revealed specific accumulation of heterochromatin in Miyakojima or elimination in Gifu. The chromosomes L. japonicus were numbered according to their length. A quantitative chromosome map was also developed by the imaging methods using the digital data of the condensation pattern. 45S rDNA loci were localized on chromosomes A and F, and 5S rDNA locus was localized on chromosome A by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Identification of the chromosome and genome sizes and development of the quantitative chromosome map represent significant contribution to the L. japonicus genome project as the basic information.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013952
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