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  • 2010-2014
  • 1955-1959  (324)
  • 1957  (324)
  • Industrial Chemistry  (213)
  • Chemical Engineering  (111)
Material
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 1955-1959  (324)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 170-176 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Durch die bisherigen Forschungsarbeiten wurden die Gesetzmäßigkeiten für die einzelnen Teilvorgänge der Trocknung und für deren Zusammenwirken unter den verschiedenartigen Bedingungen weitgehend aufgeklärt. Damit wurde es möglich, das Trocknungsverhalten der einzelnen Trocknungsgüter zu analysieren und spezielle Trocknungseigenschaften zu definieren, bei deren Kenntnis die wichtigsten charakteristischen Punkte im Trocknungsverlauf im voraus bestimmt werden können.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 176-186 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zunächst wird über Untersuchungen berichtet, bei denen Wärmeübergang, Druckabfall sowie die Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsverteilung im rauhen Rohr gemessen wurden. Die Ergebnisse konnten allgemeingültig dargestellt und theoretisch begründet werden. Ferner wird auf wirtschaftliche Fragen und den Einfluß von Schmutzschichten im Rohr auf den Wärmeübergang eingegangen. Bei Untersuchungen an einem linsenförmigen Rohr und außen beheizten Ringspalten stand die Frage nach dem maßgebenden gleichwertigen Durchmesser im Vordergrund. Weiterhin wurde der Wärmeübergang zwischen staubhaltiger Luft und einer Kugelschüttung gemessen; dabei war kein merklicher Einfluß des Staubgehaltes zu erkennen. Sehr eingehend wurde schließlich das Strömungsverhalten von Rieselfilmen untersucht. Die kritische Reynolds-Zahl konnte zu 400 bestimmt werden. Außerdem wurden die Höhe der Wellen, die Filmdicke und die Wandschubspannung gemessen, so daß auch das Widerstandsgesetz der welligen Filmströmung angegeben und eine Näherungstheorie für den Wärmeübergang aufgestellt werden konnte.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 201-206 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aufbereitung ist angewandte Physik, physikalische Technologie und bergmännische Verfahrenstechnik. In der Verbrauchsgüter- und Genußmittelindustrie werden die gleichen Grundverfahren angewandt wie bei der Aufbereitung der Erze, der Kohlen, der Steine und Erden. Zweckentsprechende Kombinationen dieser Grundverfahren führen zur erfolgreichen Aufbereitung bergmännisch gewonnener Haufwerke. Die gleichen Grundverfahren und Grundvorgänge verbinden den Verfahrenstechniker mit dem Aufbereiter und veranlassen ihn, die Aufbereitung als „bergmännische Verfahrenstechnik“ zu kennzeichnen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 221-223 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Beschrieben werden die Wirbelschicht-Funkenentladung sowie die heiß-kalte Wirbelschicht als Arbeitsprinzipien, die es ermöglichen, schnelle, mehrstufige chemische Reaktionen abzubrechen und dabei instabile Zwischenprodukte zu erfassen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 227-228 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 229-230 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 232-233 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 250-254 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Physikalische Größen können meist auf verschiedene Weise gemessen werden. Für die Standmessung von Flüssigkeiten gibt es zahlreiche meßtechnische Möglichkeiten. Die meisten von ihnen sind einfach und gut übersehbar, und dies dürfte einer der Gründe sein, weshalb sie im Schrifttum wenig behandelt und beachtet werden. Im Zusammenhang mit der Regelung weisen sie aber interessante Kennzeichen auf, die eine eingehendere Darstellung rechtfertigen.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 255-256 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Meßgeräte zur Betriebsüberwachung können durch klimatische Einwirkungen Schaden erleiden. Kennt man die Klimaeinwirkungen an der Verwendungsstelle des Meßgerätes, so kann man entsprechende Schutzmaßnahmen ergreifen. Die Schäden, die durch die Industrie-Atmosphäre verursacht werden, können durch Anwendung eines Meßraumes mit Fremdbelüftung vermieden werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 275-277 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird eine handliche Apparatur zur Bestimmung der Explosionsgrenzen von Dampf/Luft-Gemischen und ihre praktische Anwendung beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Anwendung der elektrischen Mikrowaage zur Registrierung von Staubgehalten ist seit mehreren Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Entwicklungsarbeit. Nachdem eine für Raumstaubmessung geeignete Anordnung vorlag, wurde die Staubgehaltsmessung in heißen Abgasen in Angriff genommen. Mit einem Versuchsmodell sind Versuche in industriellen Anlagen vorgenommen worden. Diese haben gezeigt, daß der eingeschlagene Weg grundsätzlich gangbar ist. Ein zweites Versuchsgerät, das zur Zeit erprobt wird, verspricht, sich in schrittweiser Verbesserung zum betriebssicheren Registriergerät zu entwickeln.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 280-281 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 112-115 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Das Rheax-Verfahren dient als eines der modernen Verfahren zur Klassierung und Entstaubung von Betonsand und zur Trennung von feinkörnigen Gemischen in verschiedenen Industrien. Weitere Anwendungsgebiete stehen ihm offen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 297-299 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Im ersten Teil wurden die neueren Erkenntnisse über Art und Ursachen der Korrosion, insbesonders die Anlauf- und Zundervorgänge im System Metall/Gas sowie die Thermodynamik der Korrosionsvorgänge behandelt. Im zweiten Teil wurden die Korrosionserscheinungen im System Metall/Lösung beschrieben. Während dort vor allem auf die Erscheinungen und Grundlagen der Primärreaktionen der Säurekorrosion eingegangen wurde, wird im vorliegenden abschließenden Bericht die Korrosion in neutralen Elektrolytlösungen behandelt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die elektrostatische Aufladung von gereinigtem n-Heptan wurde in Abhängigkeit von Art und Menge verschiedener Zusätze (Alkohole, Peroxyde, Fettsäuren, Ester, Amine, Mercaptane, Silicone) gemessen. Der Aufladestrom war in dem Bereich von 10-18 bis 10-11Ω-1 cm-1 der Leitfähigkeit des Systems proportional. Die elektrostatische Aufladung technischer Kohlenwasserstoff-Fraktionen wurde im wesentlichen durch Oxvßationsprodukte hervorgerufen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heute bekannte Anwendungsgebiete für energiereiche Strahlung werden zusammengestellt und einige Grundlagen erörtert. Die Bestrahlung von pharmazeutischen und medizinischen Produkten zur Sterilisation, die Behandlung von Lebensmitteln und die Härtung von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen werden bereits erfolgreich ausgenutzt. Gesichtspunkte für die technische Ausführung werden angegeben und ein brauchbarer Teilchen-Beschleuniger im Vergleich zu den vorhandenen Möglichkeiten besprochen. Die erweiterte Anwendung von energiereicher Strahlung in der Verfahrenstechnik erfordert noch eingehende Forschungsarbeit.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 187-197 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stoff- und Wärmeaustausch gekoppelt mit Stoffumwandlung an einer Wand kann im Enthalpie-Diagramm übersichtlich verfolgt werden. Mit Benutzung von Halbwertflächen kann der Zustandsverlauf noch vor der Festlegung der Abmessungen dimensionslos ermittelt werden. Beispiele: Verdunstung, Ammoniak-Synthese, Vergasung.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Viele chemische Prozesse werden bei Temperaturen zwischen - 100° und - 194°, der Temperatur der flüssigen Luft, durchgeführt, wobei verschiedene Verfahren zur Energieerzeugung anwendbar sind. Im folgenden wird der Wirkungsgrad der Verfahren zur Kälteerzeugung in diesem Temperaturbereich untersucht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Inbetriebnahme von Kugelgasbehältern wird nach der Arbeitsweise des Gaswärme-Instituts die Luft mit dem Brenngas verdrängt. Dabei werden bestimmte, zeitlich systematisch geänderte Strömungsverhältnisse eingehalten, so daß die Behälter mit geringem Füllgasaufwand möglichst rasch und unter Bildung einer möglichst kleinen zündfähigen Schicht in Betrieb genommen werden. Die bereits mehrfach praktisch angewandte Methode ist durch Modellversuche in einer Acrylglas-Kugel erhärtet worden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Im Hinblick auf die Trennung von Trichloräthylen/Methanol-Gemischen und die Wiedergewinnung von Dimethylformamid mit Benzol als Zusatzkomponente wurden die flüssig/flüssig-Gleichgewichte der ternären Systeme Wasser/Trichloräthylen/Methanol und Benzol/Dimethylformamid/Wasser untersucht.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 226-227 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 230-231 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 420-420 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 237-240 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 233-236 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 241-249 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Abdichtung der Wellendurchführung bei Kreiselpumpen für die chemische Industrie ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben des Pumpenkonstrukteurs. Die Gleitringdichtung wird immer mehr verwendet und wird in den verschiedensten Ausführungen hergestellt. An die Oberflächenglätte der beiden aufeinander gleitenden Dichtringe werden besondere Anforderungen gestellt. Die Unebenheiten an der gleitenden Oberfläche sollen unter 1 μ sein. Es wird versucht, die inneren Vorgänge der Druckentspannung zwischen den beiden Gleitringen zu erklären. Die Werkstoffe für Gleitringdichtungen, speziell für korrodierende Medien, werden besprochen, zulässige Drucke und Temperaturen werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 36
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 256-258 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein automatisches Gasanalysengerät beschrieben, bei dem die Lichtabsorption nach chemischer Umsetzung des Gases in der Absorptionsflüssigkeit gemessen wird.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 258-261 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Auf speziell mikrobiologische Probleme, wie z. B. die CO2-Bestimmung in der Tankabluft von Submerskulturen, den Nachweis von Stoffwechselvorgängen oder Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit proteolytischer Fermente, wurde die elektrodenlose Leitfähigkeitsmessung angewandt. Die hierfür entwickelten Methoden lassen sich auch auf andere Probleme übertragen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 38
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Am 8. und 9. Mai 1956 fand auf Einladung der Leybold-Hochvakuum-Anlagen G.m.b.H. in Köln eine Tagung über Fragen der Gefriertrocknung statt. Die Tagung wurde von etwa 140 Teilnehmern aus dem In- und Ausland besucht. Die Vorträge mit den anschließenden Diskussionen gaben einen guten Einblick in den Stand der Entwicklung und der Anwendung der Gefriertrocknung. Dieser Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die dem Referenten wichtig erscheinenden Ergebnisse der Tagung.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 39
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 277-279 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die früher1 gegebene Skala von Fixpunktsubstanzen zwischen 100 und 282°C wurde bis 350°C erweitert; außerdem wurde eine „Eisenkugel-Apparatur“ konstruiert, welche die Bequemlichkeit des Arbeitens erhöht.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 281-290 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 291-293 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 42
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 43
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 299-299 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 44
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 301-301 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 45
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 46
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Eine Schicht poröser Körner werde von einem Gas oder Gasgemisch durchströmt, das sich an dem Feststoff katalytisch in exothermer Reaktion umsetzt oder aber mit der Substanz der Körner selbst exotherm reagiert (z. B. Verbrennung von Koks). Bei adiabatischer Arbeitsweise nimmt die Temperatur mit steigendem Umsatz längs der Schicht entsprechend der Wärmebilanz stetig zu. Infolgedessen steigt auch die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der chemischen Reaktion längs der Schicht an, und es können daher bei stark exothermen Umsetzungen, die auch bei höheren Temperaturen noch einseitig verlaufen, die Transportvorgänge von Stoff und Wärme zwischen Gasstrom und Feststoffoberfläche maßgebenden Einfluß auf die Umsatzgeschwindigkeit gewinnen. In einem solchen Falle überhitzt sich die Körnerschicht gegenüber dem Gasstrom, und es bildet sich unter Umständen in der Schicht eine Temperaturstufe aus, die dem Gasstrom entgegen an den Schichtanfang zurückwandert (Zündvorgang). Ausschlaggebend für diese Erscheinungen ist die Bilanz zwischen Wärmeerzeugung und Wärmeabfuhr an der Feststoffoberfläche; eine wichtige Rolle spielen hierbei die Reaktionsfähigkeit des Feststoffes (Porosität und innere Oberfläche) und der Wärmetransport in Längsrichtung der Schicht. Die Bedeutung und Auswirkung dieser Einflüsse werden im einzelnen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In der Verfahrenstechnik der kontinuierlichen Prozeßführung mit Suspensionen kann man zwei elementare Prozeßtypen unterscheiden. Der „Entmischungstyp“ ist durch lineare Kraftfelder, in denen Partikeln „sedimentieren“, gekennzeichnet. Seine charakteristische Maßgröße ist die „Flächenbelastung“, welche bei Anwendung des „Sedimentationsgleichgewichtes“ zur Berechnung des Trenneffektes dienen kann. Der „Reaktionstyp“ ist raumfüllend und wird durch die „mittlere Aufenthaltszeit“ als Maßgröße charakterisiert. Viele Prozesse der Praxis sind Überlagerungen beider Typen. Es wird eine Prozeß-Analyse zur Ermittlung von Berechnungsgrundlagen vorgeschlagen und die räumlich oder zeitlich getrennte Durchführung der Teilprozesse empfohlen. Dadurch läßt sich der Gesamtvorgang besser anpassen.
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  • 48
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 336-339 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Messung mittlerer Temperaturen mit Thermoelementen können drei Verfahren angewandt werden. Das genaueste Verfahren, die numerische Mittelbildung, ist zeitraubend; die einfachen Verfahren der elektrischen Mittelbildung erzeugen einen zusätzlichen Meßfehler. Die Auswahl des Meßverfahrens wird daher von den Anforderungen abhängen, die im Einzelfall zu stellen sind. Zur Erleichterung dieser Auswahl werden die drei Verfahren im folgenden einander gegenübergestellt; ihre Vor- und Nachteile werden angegeben und die zu erwartenden Meßfehler abgeschätzt.
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  • 49
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 339-344 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Graphit-Anoden werden bei der technischen Chlorat-Herstellung vor allem durch Oxydation, weniger durch Schlammbildung abgenutzt. Es wurde die Lebensdauer verschiedener Graphit-Anoden durch Versuche im Betrieb und durch Laboratoriumsversuche unter betßriebsähnlichen Bedingungen ermittelt. Hierzu wurden die durch Oxydation entstehende CO2-Menge sowie die Anodenschlamm-Menge bestimmt.
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  • 50
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 347-352 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 51
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 357-359 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 52
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 361-364 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 53
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die besonderen Werkstoffanforderungen des Hochdruckbaues nahmen ihren Anfang vor knapp einem halben Jahrhundert mit dem Beginn der Ammoniak-Synthese. Mit dem Aufzeichnen der Entwicklung in dieser Zeitspanne an markanten Beispielen wird gleichzeitig der jetzige Stand der Technik veranschaulicht. Behandelt werden insbesondere die Festigkeitsstähle des chemischen Hochdruckbaues, die druckwasserstoff-beständigen niedrig- und hochlegierten Stähle sowie die Anwendung dieser Stähle unter den Einwirkungsbedingungen verschiedener chemischer Verfahren.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 0009-286X
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Es wird über die verschiedenen Arten der Herstellung von Hochdruckhohlkörpern berichtet. Sodann werden Angaben über die Abgrenzung der verschiedenen Verfahren und die wirtschaftliche Herstellung gemacht. Abschließend werden ausgeführte Hochdruckkörper insbesondere für die Hochdrucksynthesen für Drucke bis 5000 at kurz besprochen. Es zeigt sich, daß durch eine enge Verbindung von verfahrenstechnischem und konstruktivem Denken zweckmäßige Lösungen bestehender Probleme gefunden wurden.
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  • 55
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 409-414 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 56
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 675-678 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Bodenzahl einer Kolonne wird oft graphisch ermittelt. Vereinfachend werden meist die molaren Verdampfungswärmen für alle Komponenten gleich groß angenommen. Will man die Unterschiede in den Verdampfungswärmen, die bei scharfen Bedingungen einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Bodenzahl haben können, berücksichtigen, so wird das zeichnerische Verfahren sehr kompliziert. Es wurde deshalb versucht, die Bodenzahl unmittelbar zu berechnen. Der Grundgedanke der Berechnung der Mindestbodenzahl (bei einem Rücklaufverhältnis v = ∞) führt auf elementarem Weg zu einer Lösung mit drei geometrisch anschaulichen Größen.
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  • 57
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 682-688 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 58
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 693-693 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 59
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 695-696 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 60
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 697-700 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 61
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 721-726 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Es wird ein wärmetechnisch günstiges Ringaufbereitungsverfahren für gangart- insbes. kieselsäurereiche Flußspate beschrieben, das durch Kombination eines in flüssigem Medium verlaufenden Naßaufschlusses mit einem Trockenaufschluß, der mit konz. heißer Schwefelsäure arbeitet, gekennzeichnet ist. Die entstehende Fluorkieselsäure wird zur Herstellung von künstlichem Kryolith verwendet.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 62
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 727-732 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Beim Durchgang eines stationären Blasenstroms durch eine Flüssigkeitssäule wird die Flüssigkeit durchmischt. Der Durchmischungsvorgang läßt sich formal wie ein Diffusionsvorgang behandeln, wobei der Diffusionskoeffizient durch einen Durchmischungskoeffizienten ersetzt werden muß. Es wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung solcher Koeffizienten mitgeteilt sowie der Durchmischungsvorgang in engen Blasensäulen diskutiert.
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  • 63
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 743-747 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 64
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 752-752 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 65
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 29 (1957), S. 754-756 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 66
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 92-100 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the first theoretical analyses combined with an experimental study of the variables controlling heat transfer rates to non-Newtonian fluids in the streamline-flow region. The theoretical analyses, for the limiting types of non-Newtonian materials, were related to the intermediate case of Newtonian behavior to form a coherent theory applicable to Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids alike.The experimental data covered Graetz numbers between 100 and 2,000 and were correlated with a mean deviation of 13.5%. The flow-behavior indexes of the three non-Newtonian fluids used varied form 0.18 to 0.70.Some preliminary non-Newtonian results are presented on the problems of nonisothermal fluid-flow pressure losses and heat transfer outside the laminar-flow region. Further theoretical work is recommended in both these areas. Additional experimental data would be of value in all of the problems discussed.
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  • 67
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 143 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 68
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 144 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 70
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 145-145 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 71
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 157-161 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To test the applicability, over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and gas physical properties, of the mass transfer correlation presented earlier, 0.5-in. naphthalene Berl saddles were vaporized into air, carbon dioxide, and Freon-12 in a 4.0-in. column. Temperatures from 15° to 73°C. and pressures from 0.26 to 1 atm. were covered.The correlation was found to represent all the experimental data when the surface temperature of the naphthalene was used to evaluate the correct driving force.This correlation, when combined with effective interfacial areas presented previously, makes it possible to estimate the volumetric mass transfer coefficeint, kGa, for any gas-liquid-solute system.
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  • 72
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 172-175 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The general problem of heat transfer to fluids in laminar flow in tubes is discussed, a new procedure for the measurement of local laminar-flow heat transfer coefficients is described, and an empirical equation is presented for the correlation of data for local heat transfer rates to liquids flowing upward in laminar flow in vertical tubes under conditions of constant heat flux at the tube wall.
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  • 73
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ion exclusion is an operation in which an ion exchange resin is used to separate an electrolyte from a nonelectrolyte in a polar solvent. An ion exchange resin tends to absorb a nonelectrolyte and to exclude an electrolyte. This is described quantitatively by the equilibrium distribution of the electrolyte, the nonelectrolyte, and the solvent between the resin phase and the liquid phase surrounding the resin.As no ternary distribution data applicable to ion exclusion are available, and only a few binary data have been published, a principal purpose of this investigation was to determine the distribution data for a typical system: glycerol-sodium chloride-water-Dowex-50.
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  • 74
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 198-207 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution to the Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equations for equimolal countercurrent diffusion in a three-component gas mixture is obtained which is similar in form to Gilliland's equation for diffusion of two gases through a third inert gas. The important features of both types of diffusion are investigated and the conditions under which the following phenomena occur are determined: (1) diffusion barrier (the rate of diffusion of a component is zero even though its concentration gradient is not zero); (2) osmotic diffusion (the rate of diffusion of a component is not zero even though its concentration gradient is zero); (3) reverse diffusion (a component diffuses against the gradient of its concentration).A generalized driving force which describes these phenomena is introduced, and approximate equations are developed which give the individual rates of diffusion directly.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 76
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 280-282 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been shown both theoretically and experimentally that the radial Peclet number in a packed bed approaches about 11. If it is assumed that the interstitial volume of the bed forms mixing cells, then a comparison of the solutions obtained from the mixing and turbulent diffusive mechanisms shows that the axial Peclet number for agreement of the two must be about 2, as a limiting case for high Reynolds numbers. This is substantiated by experiment.
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  • 77
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 8J 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 78
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 289-293 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Approximations are suggested to extend the usefulness of operational calculus in solving boundary-value problems of interest to the chemical engineer. General approximations are outlined and specific ones illustrated. The use of computing machines with operational calculus is also considered.
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 293-296 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Data are presented in support of an expression describing the relation between the sedimenting velocity or the fluidizing velocity and the fraction voids. This expression which contains no empirical constants may be obtained by considering a particle in a fluid having the average properties of the suspension. Stokes's law is used to calculate the force on the particle, and an equation derived by Vand is used to describe the viscosity of the suspension. The equation based on this model is valid for particle Reynolds numbers less than 0.07. The model may be used as an approximation of bed behavior at higher Reynolds numbers by application of a correction to Stokes's law.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 80
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 7S 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 81
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 82
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 433-438 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes a theory of filter-cake washing on continous filtration equipment based upon the assumption that mixing of the strong liquor and wash fluid is controlling. The theory can be conventiently applied to experimental filtration leaf tests for determining wash efficiency and is easily extrapolated to full-scale results with the normally experienced uneven cake thickness and wash-fluid distribution taken into account.To obtain the necessary wash-fluid volume for proper soluble removal, a correlation method of wash time as a function of wash ratio with parameters of cake-formation time has been derived from commonly accepted filtration theory. Experimental and plant data indicate a close agreement with the theory, and the method can be employed to predict filtration rate as a function of wash ratio. A typical illustration has been given to determine filtration requirements for recovering soluble uranium after leaching of the ore by continuous filtration. Washing rate was proved to be conrolling, and this design based only on cake-formation rate would yield insufficient wash ratios and excessive soluble uranium loss. Final filter and flow-sheet design must be based on uranium recovery which can be predicted by the proposed methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 83
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 84
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 85
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 283-286 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mass transfer coefficients have been determined for the dissolution of Na2S2O3·5H2O crystals in water under conditions of turbulent agitation in a mixing vessel. The dissolution was carried out in a steady-flow process in which the area of selt crystals and the concentration of the solution in the mixing vessel were constant during each run. A comparison is made with previously unpublished results for batch runs in a similar system, and a method is developed for calculating the surface area of salt particles suspended in the mixing vessel under steady-flow conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 86
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 297-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 313-317 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple expression for estimating the turbulent forced-convection heat transfer performance of liquid metals flowing through noncircular ducts is presented. This equation requires the knowledge of the slug Nusselt number evaluated for the specific geometry and for the pertinent boundary conditions. Such Nusselt values are presented herein for a number of technically important geometries. One check on the heat transfer prediction given by Equation (4) is in the case of an annular duct with constant heat flow through the outer wall with the inner wall insulated, for which experimental data exist. The prediction agrees within 20% with the experimental data.Several possible boundary conditions that may exist in noncircular cross sections are throughly discussed, and it is hoped that as a result this paper may serve to clarify some of the confusion existing in the literature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 88
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 329-330 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With stationary isotropic turbulence postulated, the rate of decrease in concentration fluctuations of a scalar contaminant is estimated in terms of the turbulence scale and the power input to the system.
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  • 89
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 336-342 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Plate efficiencies measured on 18-in.-diam. sieve plates are reported for the acetic acid-water system and for the methyl isobutyl ketone-water system at atmospheric pressure. In the former system the major resistance to mass transfer is in the gas phase; liquid-phase resistance to mass transfer is controlling in the latter. Efficiencies are also reported for the aniline-nitrobenzene system (gas-phase resistance controlling) at 5 mm. Hg absolute on 6-in.-diam. sieve plates. Pure gas- and liquid-phase efficiencies for both plate designs were determined by the adiabatic humidification of air and the desorption of oxygen from water into air. Predicted values of plate efficiency for each of the binary systems studied were computed from the pure phase efficiencies according to the procedure outlined by Gerster et al. A comparison between measured and predicted efficiencies is presented as a guide for future research in this field.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 90
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 348-352 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of the film coefficient of heat transfer for the condensation of organic vapor mixtures was investigated experimentally to establish a satisfactory basis for applying the Nusselt equation to binary systems. Five ideal and nonideal pairs, all of which gave miscible condensates, were studied; the work was carried out under conditions of almost total condensation on a horizontal condensing surface designed to comply as rigidly as possible with the conditions for which Nusselt's equation is valid.The same behavior was observed for all systems and all concentrations studied: the experimental coefficients fell between those for the pure components and followed the behavior pattern for pure components when the temperature difference was taken as that between the bubble point of the condensate and the surface temperature, rather than between the dew point or the measured vapor temperature and the surface temperature, Correlation of the film coefficient showed it to vary approximately linearly with composition if the coefficients were compared at a constant value of the temperature difference, defined as above. This permits determination of the coefficient for a mixture by interpolation between the coefficients for the pure components, which are easily obtained, in preference to making the calculations with the properties of the mixture obtained by laborious and uncertain weighting of the corresponding properties of the pure components.When results are interpreted in the light of the theories of Colburn and Drew, the presence of a vapor-phase resistance to heat and mass transfer, as postulated by them, is indicated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 91
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 366-372 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic studies were made in a differential flow reactor of the hydogenation of α-methyl-styrene with the liquid trickling over a bed of catalyst pellets countercurrent to a stream of hydrogen. The catalysts consisted of palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, and nickel supported on the external surfaces of aluminal pellets.With palladium at pressures above 3 atm. the apparent rate-controlling step was a surface reaction between dissociated hydrogen and α-methylstyrene both adsorbed on different type of active sites. Below 3 atm. pressure the reactants competed for similar active sites. With platinum the apparent rate-controlling step was a surface reaction between dissociated hydrogen and α-methylstyrene on similar active sites. Rhodium and nickel catalyzed the polymerization α-methylstyrene together with slow hydrogenation. Ruthenium had negligible activity for catalyzing the hydrogenation under the moderate conditions used in this work.In all cases mass transfer resistances were negligible.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 92
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bulk chemical properties of an impregnated chromia-alumina catalyst with respect to several gases, CO, CO2, C3H6, were determined as a function of the degree of oxidation of the surface of the catalyst. The importance of the results lies in the demonstration that a simple method described herein can be used to obtain significant data on catalytic surfaces. Briefly, the prior adsorption of oxygen by the catalyst tended to promote the adsorption of carbon monoxide and to prohibit the adsorption of carbon dioxide. Far more carbon monoxide was adsorbed by the highly oxidized surface than could be accounted for on the basis of adsorbed carbon dioxide. The quantity of propylene adsorbed also increased with an increase in the oxidation of the surface. The results are explained on the basis of two types of adsorbed oxygen atoms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 93
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 411-417 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene by means of a suspended palladium-alumina catalyst in a stirred reactor the mass transfer of hydrogen through the liquid is the rate-controlling step and the resistance to chemical reaction at the catalyst surface is negligible except at extremely rapid rates of stirring. This system therefore provides an excellent means of establishing the effects of operating variables and mechanical construction on mass transfer coefficients in liquids in stirred reactors. It is convenient to consider the total resistance to mass transfer as consisting of two separate resistaces: in the liquid adjoining the bubbles and in the liquid adjoining the suspended solid particles; thus R = Rb + Rs.A general equation was evaluated from experimental data based upon unit volume of liquid.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 94
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 428 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Following an approach similar to that presented for the aliphatic (6, 7) and naphthenic (8) hydrocarbons, methyl-group contributions have been developed that now make possible the calculation of van der Waals' constants for aromatic hydrocarbons of considerable size and complexity. These constants are then utilized to calculate the critical temperatures, pressures, and volumes for these aromatic hydrocarbons.In addition, simple relationships have been developed that permit the evaluation of both van der Waals' constants for the unsubstituted linearly fused aromatic hydrocarbons.Comparisons of calculated critical constants with values presented in the literature for over twenty aromatic hydrocarbons produced average absolute deviations of 0.70% for the critical temperature and 2.14% for the critical pressure.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 95
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 12S 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 506-513 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approximate theory for the behavior of multiparticle systems suspended in a viscous fluid is developed, based on a rigorous treatment for the case of a single sphere occupying any position in a cylindrical tube. The results obtained include estimates of the effect of some of the parameters involved on the particle velocities and spatial distribution of particles in very dilute sedimenting and fluidized beds as well as on the pressure drop resulting from passage of fluid. The conclusions presented are in agreement with such experimental data as are available and suggest a basis for more exact treatment of these systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 97
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 449-453 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production and refining of petroleum involve many processes in which conditions deviate markedly from equilibrium. For prediction of the behavior of such nonequilibrium systems, information concerning the molecular-transport characteristics of the paraffin hydrocarbons is of practical interest.Fick diffusion coefficients for methane were measured in the liquid phase of the methane-n-heptane system at temperatures between 40° and 340°F. at pressures up to 3,500 lb./sq. in., but the pressure range was limited at the higher temperatures by approach to the critical state of this binary system.The measurements obtained confirmed the fact that the Fick diffusion coefficients for methane decrease with an increase in the concentration of this component and increase rapidly with an increase in temperature for a constant composition. These data together with similar information for other binary paraffin hydrocarbon systems indicate that the Fick diffusion coefficients for methane decrease with an increase in the molecular weight of the less volatile component.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 98
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    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 454-461 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The fragmentary thermal-conductivity data for argon available in the literature have been correlated by use of a residual thermal conductivity k - k* vs. density ρ relationship. This correlation produced a unique continuous curve which was found to be singularly independent of temperature and pressure for both gaseous- and liquid-state data. From low-pressure thermal-conductivity values k* and the relationship given above, it is possible to determine thermal conductivities at any condition of temperature and pressure for which a corresponding density is available. This procedure was used to calculate reliable thermal conductivities k for high-pressure regions where experimental data were lacking.In a similar manner the critical thermal conductivity kc for argon was established directly from the critical density and the quantity kTc*. The kc value permitted the calculation of reduced thermal conductivities kR and made possible the construction of an extensive reduced-state chart. Although this correlation was developed mainly from data for argon, it was found to apply equally as well to the other inert gases as postulated from the theory of corresponding states.A comparison of thermal conductivities calculated from the reduced-state plot with over 200 experimental points produced an average deviation of 1.8% for all the inert gases. This chart was also found applicable to the diatomic gases and their mixtures but produced significant deviations for substances having more than two atoms per molecule.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 99
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 490-496 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 100
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new solution is presented of the differential equations describing unsteady state heat transfer in stationary beds of small granular solid particles through which a fluid is flowing. Arbitrary initial solid temperature distribution and arbitrary variation of inlet gas temperature are allowed. The solution presented appears easier to apply in practice than those previously published and affords an example of the versatility of Fourier integrals and series. An application of the solution to the regeneration of Dow type-B butylene dehydrogenation catalyst is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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