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  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • 1960-1964  (6)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1820-1829
  • 1989  (2)
  • 1963  (6)
  • Alkaloids
  • Alkenes
  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Piperidine alkaloids ; 3-Pyridinols; 2,6-dlialkylated ; Bromine-lithium exchange and alkylation, regiospecific ; Hydrogenation of 3-pyridinols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of the Piperidine Alkaloids (±)-Cassine, (±)-Spectaline, (±)-Spicigerine Methyl Ester and of (±)-Azimic Acid and (±)-Carpamic AcidThe piperidine alkaloids (±)-cassine (1), (±)-spectaline (2), (±)-spicigerine methyl ester (3), (±)-azimic acid (4), and (±)-carpamic acid (5) have been synthesized stereoselectively in the following way: In the SEM ether 7 of 2,6-dibromo-3-pyridinol (6) the bromine atom in position 2 can be regiospecifically exchanged with nBuLi to give 8. Reaction of 8 with methyl iodide gave the key compound 9 exclusively. In the presence of Kumada′s NidpppCl2 catalyst in ether solution 9 reacts with the Grignard reagents from the bromides 14-18 to give the products 19-23. Methanolysis of the products gave the substituted 3-pyridinol derivatives 24-28. Subsequent acetalisation led to 29, 30 and hydrolysis to 31, 32. Hydrogenation of 28-32 with Rh on alumina catalyst and 90 bar pressure gave exclusively the (±) products 33, 34, 3, 4, and 5 with (2r,3c,6c) configuration. Hydrolysis of the ethylene acetal group in 33 and 34 gave (±)-1 and (±)-2.
    Notes: Die Piperidinalkaloide (±)-Cassin (1), (±)-Spectalin (2), (±)-Spicigerin-methylester (3) sowie (±)-Azimsäure (4) und (±)-Carpamsäure (5) werden stereoselektiv synthetisiert: Im SEM-Ether 7 des 2,6-Dibromo-3-pyridinols (6) erfolgt bei der Reaktion mit nBuLi ein regiospezifischer Austausch des Bromatoms in Position 2. Die entstandene Li-Verbindung 8 läßt sich mit Methyliodid zur Schlüsselverbindung 9 methylieren. Diese reagiert in Gegenwart von Kumadas NidpppCl2-Katalysator in Ether mit den Grignard-Reagenzien aus den Bromiden 14-18 zu den 6-substituierten Pyridinen 19-23. Methanolyse und Hydrolyse liefern die 3-Pyridinol-Derivate 24-28 und durch nachfolgende Acetalisierung 29, 30 sowie durch Hydrolyse 31, 32. Die Hydrierung von 28-32 mit Rh auf Alox-Katalysator unter 90 bar Druck ergibt ausschließlich die (±)-Produkte 33, 34, 3, 4 und 5 mit (2r,3c,6c)-Konfiguration. Hydrolyse der Ethylenacetalgruppe in 33 und 34 ergibt (±)-1 und (±)-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 443-447 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Heteroyohimbane analogues ; Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines ; Stilbazoles ; Aldol condensation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heteroyohimbane Analogues from 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizinium Chloride1)The methyl side chain of 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a] quinolizinium chloride (1a) and its acetal 1b, prepared from tryptamine hydrochloride and acetoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal, are treated with carbonyl compounds. Starting from 1b, benzaldehyde and furfural yield the stilbazoles 4a-d, after hydrogenation of ring C the tetrahydropyridines 5a-c. With hydrate-forming carbonyl compounds like chloral, diethyl mesoxalate, and ninhydrin, water is not eliminated (6-8, 10, 12) and, starting from 1a, the acetyl side chain participates in forming the heteroyohimbane-like ring E (9, 11, 13).
    Notes: In dem aus Tryptamin-hydrochlorid und Acetylacetaldehyd-dimethylacetal gebildeten 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]chinolizinium-chlorid (1a) und seinem Acetal 1b wird die Methyl-Seitenkette durch Umsetzung mit Carbonyl-Verbindungen kondensiert. Benzaldehyd und Furfural führen ausgehend von 1b zu den Stilbazolen 4a-d, nach Hydrierung von Ring C zu den Tetrahydropyridinen 5a-c. Mit Hydrat-bildenden Carbonyl-Verbindungen wie Chloral, Mesoxalsäure-diethylester und Ninhydrin bleibt die Wasser-Abspaltung aus (6-8, 10, 12), und es kommt ausgehend von 1a unter Beteiligung der Acetyl-Seitenkette zur Schließung des Heteroyohimban-ähnlichen Ringes E (9, 11, 13).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 441-458 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Koch carboxylic acid synthesis ; Carboxylic acids ; Alkenes ; Isomerization ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When straight-chain mono-olefins, from pentene to decene, are subjected to the Koch carboxylic acid synthesis by the addition of CO and H2O or CH3OH in the presence of strongly acidic catalysts, not only the expected secondary acids, but also mixtures of a specific type of tertiary acids or their methyl esters are formed. When the catalysts contain boron trifluoride, the secondary acids are formed in ratios of isomers which are, within the scope of this investigation, independent of the experimental conditions and which agree well with the values calculated from the isomer equilibria of the corresponding n-olefins. Using concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst, a larger proportion of tertiary acids is obtained than with BF3-catalysis, and amongst the secondary acids, those isomers predominate in which the COOH group is situated near the centre of the molecule.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ergot alkaloids ; Alkaloids ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article the biogenesis of the ergoline ring in lysergic acid derivatives and the clavines is discussed. T·yptophan and mevalonic acid are the precursors. The N-methyl group is supplied by formate or methionine. Concepts and results dealing with the manner in which the compounds are formed are discussed. Finally, the known biogenetic relationships among the ergot alkaloids are discussed in connection with their biogenesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 295-308 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Emulsion polymerization ; Polymerization ; Polymerization ; Alkenes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionizing radiation induces the polymerization of some vinyl monomers in aqueous emulsion with high radiation yields. With identical emulsion compositions, the kinetics of this reaction and the kinetics of emulsion polymerization induced by water-soluble initiators are very similar. The rate of reaction in emulsion polymerization is about one hundred times greater than in bulk polymerization. The initiation of emulsion polymerization by means of ionizing radiation permits uniform “illumination” of the reacting volume, as well as almost any desired variation in the frequency of initiation during the reaction. The sharp decrease in the overall rate of reaction when initiation is interrupted during emulsion polymerization of styrene induced by γ-rays contradicts the earlier concept of sharply separated reaction zones.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 341-357 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 704-714 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Titanium ; Alkenes ; Polymerization ; Titanium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: At low temperatures, ethylene and α-olefins (Δ1-olefins or 1-alkenes) are rapidly converted into oligomrs by the two-component organometallic catalyst CH3TiCl3·CH3AlCl2. To achieve smooth oligomerizations, aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons must be used as solvents. Although the activity of the titanium-carbon bond is enhanced by the aluminum component of the catalyst, the aluminum and its methyl group do not participate in the reaction proper; the latter proceeds exclusively at the titanium-carbon bond. The reaction will olefins can be used as an analytical method for the quantitative determination of the titanium-carbon bond in admixture with the organoaluminum component. It is thus possible to follow the reaction leading to formation of the catalyst from titanium tertrachloride, as well as the processes occurring at the titanium-carbon bond during the oligomerization of olefins. All the observations indicate that the catalyst possesses an ionic structure which is determined by the solvent. It is shown that the initial reaction step probably involves formation of a complex between the olefin and the alkyltitanium cation. The reaction scheme proposed is based on organometallic reactions which are characterized by carbanion and hydride transfers within the olefin-cation complex. This mechanism, which is unusual for Ziegler catalysts, is due to the predominance of hydride transfers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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