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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 125 (1994), S. 1121-1127 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 10-Dicyanomethylene-9-anthrone hydrazone ; 10-Dicyanomethylene-9-anthrone ; N-Acetyl-10-dicyanomethylene-9-anthrone hydrazone ; (10-dicyanomethylene-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9-ylidene)-isopropylidene-hydrazine ; 9-Diazo-10-(dicyanomethylene)-9,10-dihydro anthracene ; Acetylation ; Oxidation ; Hydrolysis ; Semiemprical calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die chemische Natur von 10-Dicyanomethylen-9-anthronhydrazon wurde untersucht. Es wurde gezeigt, daß diese Verbindung, welche konjugierte Ylidenmalononitril- und Hydrazonfragmente enthält, keine für Ylidenmalononitrile charakteristischen Reaktionen, wie Reduktion und Michaeladdition eingeht, dafür aber typische Hydrazoneigenschaften zeigte. Es konnte hydrolysiert, acetyliert, mit Aceton zum entsprechenden Azin umgesetzt und zur Diazoverbindung oxidiert werden. Diese Eigenschaften wurden mit Hilfe von semiempirischen (AM1) und Kraftfeld-Rechnungen interpretiert.
    Notes: Summary The chemical nature of 10-dicyanomethylene-9-anthrone hydrazone was examined. It was shown that this compound bearing the conjugated ylidenemalononitrile fragment and hydrazonic moiety did not undergo transformations characteristic of ylidenemalononitriles,e.g., reduction andMichael addition, but possesses properties typical for hydrazones. Thus it could be hydrolyzed, acetylated, oxidized to yield the diazo compound, and reacted with acetone to form the corresponding azine. These properties were interpreted using semiempirical (AM1) and force field calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 17 (1994), S. 196-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Phosphorus ; Fractionation ; Phosphatase ; Hydrolysis ; Organic phosphorus ; Hordeum vulgare
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations and chemical composition of water-extractable P were compared in four soil types from NE Scotland. All sites were sampled during the early establishment phase of a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) crop. The quantity of total soluble P extracted ranged from 〈2.0 to 10 mg P kg soil-1, of which up to 50% was classified as being organically associated. Sample fractionation showed that both orthophosphate inorganic P and organic P were associated with a wide molecular-size range of organic material. A strong positive correlation was readily apparent between P and the sum of Fe + Al in the fractionated samples. The extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of organic P varied between soil samples and the type of enzyme. Phytase consistently produced the greatest degree of hydrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 142 (1994), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Nuclear lipid metabolism ; Signal transduction ; Diglycerides ; Phosphoinositides ; Arachidonic acid ; Hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary There is increasing evidence that nuclear lipid metabolism in NEST is an important new component in signal transducing networks and as a result, this metabolism is beginning to attract more attention. While agonistinduced nuclear lipid metabolism adds further complexity to the ever increasing array of signal transduction components, it also provides further avenues by which nuclear activities may be regulated. Identification of the coupling mechanisms, regulation, and physiological roles of nuclear lipid metabolism represents a new and exciting area of research which will have a broad impact in our understanding of signal transduction pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Amino acids 4 (1993), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; D-Amino acid ; Hydrolysis ; Tissue protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven neutral amino acids and two acidic amino acids in tissue proteins of mouse kidney, liver and brain were analyzed for the presence of D-enantiomers. The proteins were hydrolyzed with HCl for 6 h. Of the thirteen amino acids investigated, the presence of D-enantiomers of serine, alanine, proline, aspartate and glutamate (including asparagine and glutamine) was shown in the hydrolysates. However, the level of D-enantiomers were not significantly higher than that of 6-h hydrolysate of serum albumin examined as a control protein. Serum albumin was shown to contain no D-amino acid residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 36 (1993), S. 79-82 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Tinidazole ; Hydrolysis ; Kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method herein described allows the simultaneous determination of the hydrolysis kinetics of tinidazole and the formation kinetics of the hydrolysis products. Tinidazole is easily hydrolysed under basic conditions at raised temperature. The rate varies with the pH and the temperature of the solution, and the decomposition follows apparent first-order kinetics. The Arrheinius equation can be used to describe the effect of temperature on the half-life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Neisseria meningitidis ; Lipooligosaccharide ; Lipid A ; Polar substituents ; Hydrolysis ; Partial structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of chemical and NMR data the partial structure of lipid A from lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis group B, strain BC5S No 125 was established. Lipid A consisted of disaccharide 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-2-(3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)-β-gluco-pyranosyl]-2-(3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)-α-glucopyranose carrying the β-(2-aminoethyl)pyrophosphate residue at 0–4′ and the pyrophosphate or phosphate residue at 0–1. On hydrolysis of the acidic form of LOS with 1% acetic acid the substituent at 0–1 was practically completely removed whereas that at 0–4′ was stable. The analogous hydrolysis of the Mg-salt of LOS was accompanied by splitting off the pyrophosphate linkage in the substituent at 0–4′. Hydrolysis of LOS at pH 4.5 in the presence of SDS led mainly to a lipid A preparation retaining both pyrophosphate residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Platinum complexes ; 195Pt NMR ; 1H NMR ; Ethylenediamine ; Dimethylethylenediamine ; Tetramethylethylenediamine ; Hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hydrolysis reactions of complexes of the type Pt(L)X2 where L is ethylenediamine (en), N,N- dimethylenediamine (N,N-Me2en), N,N-dimethylenediamine (N,N′-Me2en) and N,N,N′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (Me4en) were studied. The halo ligands were removed by precipitation with AgNO3 and the pH of the resulting filtrate, which was about 2, was adjusted to 5.8 (pD = 6.2). The study of the products formed was carried out by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The 195Pt NMR spectra showed the presence of several hydrolysed products, especially with en. The hydroxo-bridged dimer can be synthesized in a pure state with all the ligands except en. The results on the latter ligand contradict the published results on the synthesis of the en hydroxo-bridged dimer whose biological properties were studied. When Pt(L)I2 is used as starting material a small quantity of chloro species was always observed, indicating that the reactant contained a small quantity of Pt(L)ICI. The crystal structure of the [Pt(N,N-Me2en)(μ-OH)]2(NO3)2 dimer was determined. The compound belongs to the P21/c space group, with a = 8.262(5), b = 10.960(8), c = 11.405(8), β = 121.07(5)°, Z = 2 and ρcalc = 2.720 mg m-3. The results showed that this is the trans isomer with an inversion centre between the two Pt atoms. There is a considerable strain inside the four-membered ring, as shown by the reduced internal angles O—Pt—O′ = 79.1(6)0 and Pt—O—Pt′ = 101.0(6)°.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: l-phenylalanine methyl ester ; LAK cells ; Monocytes ; Protease ; Hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have shown that depletion of monocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) byl-phenylalanine methyl ester (PheOMe) enhanced lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) generation by recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) at high cell density. In this study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of PheOMe on LAK activation by using trypsin, chymotrypsin, tosylphenylalaninechloromethanol (TPCK, a chymotrypsin inhibitor), tosyl-l-lysinechloromethane (TLCK, a trypsin inhibitor), phenylalaninol (PheOH), and benzamidine. PBMC were treated with 1–5 mM PheOMe for 40 min at room temperature in combination with the various agents, washed and assessed for their effects on natural killer (NK) activity against K562 cells and monocyte depletion. The treated cells were then cultured with or without rIL-2 for 3 days. LAK cytotoxicity was assayed against51Cr-labeled K562 and Raji tumor target cells. TPCK at 10 µg/ml partially inhibited depletion of monocytes by PheOMe. TLCK did not prevent depletion of monocytes nor inhibition of NK activity induced by PheOMe. TPCK and TLCK inhibited NK activity by themselves. TPCK but not TLCK inhibited rIL-2 induction of LAK cells. On the other hand, PheOH and benzamidine (analogs of PheOMe) lacked any effect on monocyte depletion but abrogated the inhibitory effect of PheOMe on NK activity. They had no effect on rIL-2 activation of LAK activity enhanced by PheOMe. Trypsin potentiated the inhibitory effect of PheOMe on NK activity and monocyte depletion. Trypsin partially inhibited IL-2 activation of LAK activity enhanced by PheOMe. Chymotrypsin had little effect on NK activity but prevented the inhibitory effect of PheOMe on NK activity. It had little effect on monocyte depletion induced by PheOMe. PheOMe was hydrolysed by monocytes and chymotrypsin to Phe and methanol as determined by HPLC. TPCK inhibited hydrolysis of PheOMe by monocytes. Our data suggest that the effects of PheOMe on monocytes, NK cells and LAK activation involve protease activities of monocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Thiosemicarbazones ; Hydrolysis ; Reactivity ; Thiosemicarbazones ; Hydrolysis ; Reactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Hydrolyse von koordinierten Thiosemicarbazonen wurde festgestellet, daß das Nickel(II)-Ion die Reaktion begünstigt. Es wurden sterische und elektronische Einflüsse gefunden. Die Hydrolysengeschwindigkeit desATSC im trigonal bipyramidalen Komplex [M(ATSC)2Cl]Cl [M=Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II)] ist höher mit dem Ni(II)-Komplex, der Verbindung mit der kürzerenM-N-Distanz.
    Notes: Summary The hydrolysis of coordinated thiosemicarbazones was studied. It was found that the nickel(II) ion promotes the reaction. Steric and electronic influences were found. The hydrolysis ofATSC in the trigonal bipyramid compounds [M(ATSC)2Cl]Cl [M=Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II)], is higher with the Ni(II) complex, the compound with the shorterM-N distance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 122 (1991), S. 399-411 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Codein ; Neopin ; Hydrolysis ; Alkylation ; X-Ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In addition to a short communication describing the synthesis of 14,17-cyclonorcodeinone dimethylacetal1 a [1] we wish to present a simple alternative route together with a selection of some reactions depending on the great reactivity of this highly strained small ring system. The structure of1 a is established by X-ray analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: NMR ; Gallium-71 ; Aluminium-27 ; Pillaring ; Tridecamer ; Hydrolysis ; Dodecaaluminiogallium polyoxycation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 71Ga and 27Al NMR and clay mineral pillaring studies were used to investigate the hydrolysis of Al(H2O)63+-Ga(H2O)63+ solutions, mixed in an Al:Ga mole ratio of 12:1, and confirmed the formation of the previously proposed GaO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+ polyoxycation. This species has been found to be formed in marked preference to both AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)127+ and the previously identified GaO4Ga12(OH)24(H2O)127+ ions, and further to have a much higher thermal stability in solution than either of these. It is suggested that the reason for the increased stability of the ‘GaAl12’ species is that the substitution of a larger metal into the central tetrahedral position has resulted in the formation of a less distorted structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 47-54 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Oxides ; Water ; High-pressure chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions of the oxides SiO2, MoO3, and WO3 with steam at temperatures between 400 and 700 °C and pressures of 5 to 500 atm were studied by means of the transfer method. The results were evaluated by a new method. In the system Sio2/H2O the formation of gaseous Si(OH)4, Si2O(OH)6, and [SiO2(OH)2]x was found to occur in three different water-density ranges. In the systems MoO3/H2O and WO3/H2O the gaseous compounds MoO2(OH)2 and WO2(OH)2, which were already known, exist up to densities of approximately 0.05g/cm3. At higher densities, at which the supercritical phase begins to show the properties of a liquid to an ever increasing extent, isopolymolybdic or isopolytungstic acids appear.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Proton transfer ; Catalysis ; Enzyme catalysis ; Hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton occupies a special position as a promoter and mediator in chemical reactions occurring in solution. Many reactions in organic chemistry are catalysed by acids or bases; likewise, most enzymes contain active groups which promote acid-base catalysis. To understand the reaction mechanisms involved, it is necessary to identify the elementary steps as well as their course in time. Systematic investigation of these elementary steps as well as their course in time. Systematic investigation of these elementary steps has become possible only with the development of new methods for studying very fast reactions. The present paper reviews the information obtained in this type of investigation. The result is a relatively complete picture of the elementary proton transfer mechanisms and a comprehensive description of the modes and laws of acid-base and enzymatic catalysis.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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