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  • 1
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common phenomenon in psychiatric hospital care. Not only treatment strategies, but also the evaluation of the syndrome, are discussed controversially. The most widely used instrument is the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment-Alcohol (CIWA-A) and the succeeding CIWA-Ar. We modified the CIWA-A and translated it into German. Validity and reliability of the modified and translated scale were analysed by several psychological tests as well as different somatic measures in 31 patients. The German version appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome useful for clinical routine as well as treatment trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 23 (1982), S. 1659-1660 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 428 (1988), S. 160-166 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 101 (1970), S. 362-374 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Contrary to thebaine base (1), which on treatment with bromoacetamide in anhydrous methanol is known to give 14-bromocodeinone dimethylketal (2 a), thebaine metho methylsulfate yields the metho salt of the isomeric 7-bromoneopinone dimethylketal (3 a). From the ketone methoperchlorate (3 b) on heating with water or in buffered solution the methoperchlorate of 7-oxo-thebainone (6) and HBr are formed. However, in strongly acidic solutions3 a as well as3 b give 7-bromo-7,8-dehydrometathebainone methoperchlorate (7 a), isomeric with3 b, a key intermediate, from which the diketone methoperchlorates8 a and8 b, the methine9, the methyl enolates10 a and10 b, and finally the 7-bromo-morphothebaine derivatives12 a–d and13 can be obtained.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Thebain-metho-methylsulfat liefert mit Bromacetamid in absol. Methanol das Methosalz des 7-Brom-neopinon-dimethylketals (3 a) im Gegensatz zur Thebain-Base (1), die das isomere 14-Bromcodeinon-dimethylketal (2 a) ergibt. Aus dem Ketonmethoperchlorat3 b entstehen beim Erwärmen in Wasser oder gepufferter Lösung das Methoperchlorat des 7-Oxo-thebainons (6) und HBr. In stark saurer Lösung hingegen gelangt man von3 a oder3 b zu dem mit3 b isomeren 7-Brom-7,8-dehydrometathebainon-methoperchlorat (7 a). Von diesem ausgehend, wurden die Diketon-methoperchlorate8 a und8 b sowie das Methin9 gewonnen, weiters auch die entsprechenden Methylenolate10 a und10 b. Über7 a führte auch der Weg zu den 7-Brom-morphothebain-derivaten12 a–d und13.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 103 (1972), S. 1066-1077 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Erhitzen von 14-Brom-codeinon-dimethylacetal (1) in absol. Methanol mit einer äquivalenten Menge Na2CO3 entstehen die drei isomeren Methoxycodeinon-acetale3, 4 und5 sowie die beiden Indolino-codeinonderivate6 und7. Die Strukturen und Konfigurationen der Verbindungen3–6 werden auf Grund der NMR- und IR-Spektren sowie durch Umwandlung in bekannte Verbindungen bewiesen.
    Notes: Abstract 14-Bromocodeinone dimethyl acetal (1) reacts in methanol containing sodium carbonate (0.5 moles) to give the three isomeric methoxycodeinone acetals3, 4, and5 besides the indolino-codeinones6 and7. The structures and configurations of3–6 were established on the basis of NMR- and IR-spectroscopy and by conversion to known compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 101 (1970), S. 1215-1222 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The diketo compounds formed in the hydrolysis of 14-bromocodeinone (1) and 7-bromoneopinone methoperchlorate, resp., have been shown to possess structure and configuration of Δ8(14)-7-oxothebainone (5) and its methoperchlorate, resp. The quinoxaline derivative7, obtained by condensation of5 with o-phenylenediamine, yields two dihydro compounds (8 and10) diastereomeric at C-6a.8 has been found to be the enantiomer of the condensation product obtained from sinomeninone (6) and o-phenylenediamine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird nachgewiesen, daß den aus 14-Brom-codeinon (1)* bzw. 7-Brom-neopinon-methoperchlorat durch einfache Hydrolyse entstehenden Diketoverbindungen die Struktur und Konfiguration von Δ8(14)-7-Oxo-thebainon (5) bzw. des entsprechenden Methoperchlorats zukommt. Das durch Kondensation von5 mit o-Phenylendiamin entstehende Chinoxalinderivat7 gibt zwei am C-6a diastereomere Dihydroverbindungen (8 und10), wobei8 das Enantiomere des Kondensationsproduktes von Sinomeninon (6) und o-Phenylendiamin darstellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 122 (1991), S. 399-411 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Codein ; Neopin ; Hydrolysis ; Alkylation ; X-Ray analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In addition to a short communication describing the synthesis of 14,17-cyclonorcodeinone dimethylacetal1 a [1] we wish to present a simple alternative route together with a selection of some reactions depending on the great reactivity of this highly strained small ring system. The structure of1 a is established by X-ray analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,2-Amino-alcohols, enantiomerically pure ; Lithium aluminium hydride reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A synthesis of β-aminoalcohols is described starting from racemic or enantiomerically pure α-hydroxynitriles which were O-protected using enantiomerically pure acetal type protective groups. Reduction with lithium aluminium hydride yielded O-protected β-aminoalcohols. Whenever diastereomeric O-protected cyanohydrins could not be separated, the mixture was reduced and the resulting O-protected aminoalcohols were separated. Removal of the protective group using hydrogen chloride and methanol yielded enantiomerically pure β-aminoalcohols or their corresponding hydrochlorides.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Reduktion enantiomerenreiner O-MBF- bzw. O-MBE-geschützter Cyanhydrine mit LiAlH4 führt unter Einhaltung definierter Reaktionsbedingungen zu den entsprechenden geschützten Aminoalkoholen, in denen der Anteil der durch Epimerisierung gebildeten Nebenprodukte kleiner als 3% ist. Die Abtrennung der unerwünschten Diastereomere erfolgt im Zuge der Reinigung der Produkte. Durch Schutzgruppenabspaltung mit Salzsäure/Methanol können die enantiomerenreinen Aminoalkohole erhalten werden. Die meist sehr guten Trennfaktoren der O-MBF- bzw. O-MBE-geschützten Verbindungen erlauben für viele Verbindungen sowohl im Cyanhydrin- als auch im Aminoalkoholstadium eine präparative Trennung und machen das Verfahren deshalb vielseitig verwendbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,2-Amino-alcohols, enantiomerically pure ; N-Alkylation ; Clorprenaline ; Propranolol ; Midodrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A synthesis of N-substituted β-aminoalcohols is described starting from enantiomerically pure O-MBF- or O-MBE-protected β-aminoalcohols which can be preparedvia LiAlH4 reduction of O-protected cyanohydrines.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Clorprenalin und Propranolol können mit dem vorgestellten Verfahren in sehr guter Ausbeute aus den O-MBF-geschützten Aminoalkoholen durch reduktive Alkylierung in enantiomerenreiner Form hergestellt werden. Bei der Synthese von enantiomerenreinem Midodrin, bei der in der letzten Stufe gemeinsam mit der O- auch die N-Schutzgruppe (BOC) abgespalten wird, müssen bestimmte Reaktionsparameter (Zeit, Temperatur) präzise eingehalten werden, um eine entsprechende Enantiomerenreinheit der Endprodukte (〉95% ee) zu gewährleisten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 125 (1994), S. 355-361 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: (5H)-10,13-Iminoethano-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan ; (5H) 3,6-Dimethoxy-N-methyl-14,13-iminoethano-phenanthro[4,5-bcd] (8H)-8-chloracetate ; (5H)-3,6,8-Trimethoxy-(8H)14,13-iminoethanophenaophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In continuation of our recent papers [2, 3] a successful approach to N,C-10-bridged morphine derivatives by rearrangement of the chloroacetate of the previously described indolinocodeinone dimethylacetal is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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