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  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (1,651)
  • 1967  (1,651)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,642)
  • Cricetulus griseus  (9)
Source
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969  (1,651)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of crystalline polyethers (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 1 (1967), S. 119-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.230010105
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneous anionic polymerization of unsaturated monomers (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Macromolecular Reviews 2 (1967), S. 71-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0076-2083
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.230020103
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR spectra of poly-2-vinylpyridine (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1320-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050630
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On polymorphism in polypentene-1 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1323-1325 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050631
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering study of the molecular weight distribution of polypropylene (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1329-1329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050633
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies of polyethers. IV. Structure analysis of the polyoxymethylene molecule by three-dimensional fourier syntheses (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 63-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Detailed structure analysis of the polyoxymethylene molecule was carried out by the method of three-dimensional Fourier synthesis. The diffraction data were measured on a highly ordered polyoxymethylene sample prepared from a single crystal of tetraoxane by solid-state radiation polymerization. By assuming the anisotropic thermal factors for the oxygen and carbon atoms and taking into account the contribution of the hydrogen atoms, good agreement between the observed and calculated structure factors was obtained; the R factor is 8.8%. The distance between the oxygen atom and the helix axis r(O) = 0.671 A. is slightly shorter than r(C) = 0.691 A. The bond distance C—O = 1.421 A., the angle ∠COC = 112°24′, and ∠OCO = 110°49′. All the internal rotation angles of the skeletal bonds are 78°13′. It is deduced from the experimental results that each crystallite of polyoxymethylene is composed of only one type of helix, right-handed or left-handed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050106
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency dependence of intrinsic viscosity of macromolecules with finite internal viscosity (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 179-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to explain the observed nonvanishing limiting value of dynamic intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions at ω = ∞ one has considered the necklace model with finite resistance to the rate of coil deformation introduced long ago by Cerf for the study of gradient dependence of intrinsic viscosity and streaming birefringence. The calculation need not take into account change of hydrodynamic interaction as a consequence of coil deformation because the experimental data are always either obtained at very low gradient or extrapolated to zero gradient so that in the experiment the macromolecule has the same conformation as in the solution at rest. The model indeed yields a finite [η]′ω = ∞ in good agreement with experiments on polystyrene in Aroclor. According to the theory [η]′ω = ∞/[η]0 decreases with increasing molecular weight as M-1 and M-1/2 for the free-draining and impermeable coil, respectively. The absolute limiting value [η]∞′, therefore turns out to be nearly independent of M, at least for small values of internal viscosity. From the observed value [η]∞′/[η0] one can obtain the coefficient of internal viscosity of the macromolecule. The value for polystyrene in Aroclor calculated from dynamic experiments on rather concentrated solutions is close to that derived by Cerf from streaming birefringence observations of polystyrene in a series of solvents of widely differing viscosity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050115
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A concise polymer crystal genealogy (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050118
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced catalytic polymerization. I. Theory (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of radiation polymerization on a solid catalyst is discussed, under the condition that only linear termination of the chain takes place. All the kinetic equations are balance equations of particles of each type adsorbed by unit mass of the catalyst, and this makes it possible to account for the effect on the kinetics of the time dependence of the magnitude of the part of its surface on which the reactions we are considering may take place. Integro-differential equations are used for calculating the molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymer; this ensures higher accuracy of the formulas obtained than when differential equations are used and makes it possible to eliminate a number of limitations generally involved in the transition to differential equations. An expression has been found for the molecular weight distribution of the polymer product which allows for the possibility of radiation-induced catalytic polymerization on the resulting adsorbed polymer. Expressions have been derived for the average molecular weight and yield (weight and molecular) of the polymer formed. Asymptotic formulas have been obtained (for large irradiation times) for all the above values. The conclusions that can be drawn concerning the mechanism of the process based on a comparison of the formulas obtained with kinetic curves plotted from experimental data are given. It is shown how such a comparison can be utilized for calculating the rate constants for polymerization and chain termination reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050117
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical properties of a gel of cellulose nitrate in diethyl phthalate: Reduced variable analysis in terms of amorphous and crystalline phases (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 195-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A phenomenological theory is presented to extend the method of reduced variables for the effects of both temperature and changing degree of crystallinity on the linear viscoelastic properties of solutions of crystalline polymers. The vertical and the horizontal shift factors, which are both obtainable in the course of analysis of the experimental data, are correlated with the concentration of the solution and the volume fraction of the crystalline phase, and the fractional free volume of the system, respectively. Dynamic mechanical properties of a gel of cellulose nitrate (nitrogen content, 12.6%) in diethyl phthalate with a nominal concentration of 18% by weight were obtained in the transition region from glasslike to rubberlike consistency and also in the rubbery plateau region by employing the Fitzgerald apparatus and a freely oscillating torsion pendulum over the temperature range from -49 to 65°C. Application of the new reduction method to the experimental data was found to be quite successful, and it was shown that in general the degree of crystallinity in the system (and hence also the concentration of polymer in the amorphous phase) can depend on both temperature and thermal history. The dynamic mechanical data of a gel of different nominal concentration (23% by weight) previously obtained by Plazek were reanalyzed in terms of the method herein given.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050116
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic viscosity of homopolymers and graft copolymers in solvent mixtures (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050119
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macromolecules in solution (high polymers, volume XXI). HERBERT MORAWETZ. Interscience, New York, 1965. xvi + 495. $16.50 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 235-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050120
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recording microdilatometer for the measurement of polymer crystallization rates (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 391-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050213
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configuration and hydrodynamic properties of fully acetylated salep glucomannan (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 361-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polysaccharide of salep orchid tuber was shown to be a glucomannan with a glucose/mannose ratio of 2.6 and an acetyl content of 2.1%. After extraction from the powdered root with water, the triacetate derivative was prepared and its configurational and hydrodynamic properties examined. The polymer yielded a series of fractions from 615 to 4170 in weight-average degree of polymerization. Light-scattering, viscosity, and osmometry experiments were conducted. Intrinsic viscosity results were interpreted according to the hydrodynamic theory of Eizner and Ptitsyn resulting in a value of ζ/η0 = 20 ± 6 A. for the ratio of monomeric friction coefficient to solvent viscosity and a corresponding value of a = 55 ± 4 A. for the persistence length, closely similar to those reported for other β-1,4-linked polysaccharides. The theoretical Flory coefficient increased with increasing molecular weight but was less than the limiting value of Φ0 = 2.86 × 1023 mole-1. The dependence of the light-scattering radius of gyration of the glucomannan polymer on the contour length showed that the configuration of the heteropolymer was similar to that of other β-1,4-linked polysaccharides which have only glucose or mannose in the main chain. Calculated radii of gyration based on the Porod-Kratky persistence length were found to be smaller than radii found by light scattering on the fractions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050211
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some optical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 583-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The optical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) film were examined by observing both the stress and birefringence during stretching at constant rate, during relaxation at constant length and during a dynamic birefringence experiment. Experiments were also done by varying the temperature at constant length. The changes in birefringence are interpreted in terms of changes in negative distortional birefringence, changes in positive orientation birefringence, and possible reversible changes in birefringence with temperature arising from conformational changes in the polymer chain and changes in the contribution of birefringent crystals.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050315
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of polypropylene crystals. I. Dilute solution-grown lamellar crystals (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 597-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of crystalline morphology of isotactic polypropylene crystallized from dilute solutions on its molecular weight and growing conditions and the mechanism of crystal growth were studied by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Lathshaped lamellar crystals 150-300 A. in thickness are obtained from fractionated polypropylene powders of Mw (average molecular weight) = 600,000 and 240,000, but not from the samples of Mw = 82,000 and 44,000, by means of isothermal crystallization at 130°C. for 20 hr. in dilute α-chloronaphthalene solution (0.005 wt.-%). Precipitation of the fractionated polypropylene sample of Mw = 82,000 from a dilute solution of carbitol gives typical dendritic crystals under the same isothermal crystallizing conditions as mentioned above. The mode of chain folding in these crystals based on the orientation and the crystal structure of the lamellar crystals agrees with that proposed by Sauer, Morrow, and Richardson. From the morphological observations, the mechanism of growth pertinent to polypropylene lamellar crystals is presumed to be as follows: fibrils at first aggregate, then the molecular chains are folded to form small lamellae, and then these small lamellae accumulate compactly to grow to large, lath-shaped, lamellar crystals.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050316
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective polymeric effects on solvent NMR relaxations (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 697-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of solvent protons have been performed on systems containing mixed solvents with and without polymer. It has been found that the motion of solvent is selectively affected by polymers present in the system. Polyisobutylene (10%) in mixed solvents of carbon tetrachloride (or cyclohexane) and dichloromethane at various proportions produces little effect on T1 values of dichloromethane, but it affects significantly the T1 values of cyclohexane; whereas poly(methyl methacrylate) (10%) in carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane (or acetone) selectively associates with dichloromethane (or acetone), resulting in an approximate 50% reduction of the T1 values for dichloromethane (or acetone). In systems of poly(methyl methacrylate) and three mixed solvents of carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, and cyclohexane, the polymer (10%) has a negligible effect on the T1 values of cyclohexane, but brings about a 50% reduction of the T1 values of dichloromethane. These phenomena are discussed in terms of local selective interactions between the solvent molecules and the polymeric chain segments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050406
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configurational enthalpy of polystyrene (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent precision measurements of the heats of combustion of atactic and isotactic polystyrene permit an unequivocal calculation of the enthalpy difference in the bulk amorphous forms of the two isomers of this polymer. Contributions to this quantity arise mainly from the differences in nonbonded interactions in the two configurations but may also contain terms relating to higher energy conformations and to intermolecular interactions. The thermochemical and NMR data of specific polymers and of simple molecules are discussed in a comparison with model compound calculations. The thermochemical method has potentially important applications in studying molecular interactions in stereoregular polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050407
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy contents of amorphous polystyrene with different thermal historiesSome of these results were presented at the International Congress on Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, 1965. (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 743-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter has been used to measure the heat of solution of atactic polystyrene in toluene at 30°C. By using a special technique for polymer sample preparation, it has been possible to measure directly the difference in conformational energy of the polystyrene chain at different temperatures, from 30 to 100°C. and to calculate its contribution to the specific heat.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050409
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  • 120
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    Models of spherulite deformation taking into account changes in volumePaper presented in part at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of Rheology, Cleveland, Ohio, October 1965. (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 711-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A general method is presented for taking into account changes in volume in several types of calculations concerned with spherulite deformation in semicrystalline polymers. The method is applicable at large strains for which the low-strain limiting form of the equation defining Poisson's ratio is no longer valid. Applications are made to calculations of the three crystal orientation functions for models of spherulite deformation based on those proposed by Wilchinsky, Stein et al., and Oda et al. The effects of changes in volume are considered in detail and are compared with previous results in which the volume change was neglected. Calculations of spherulite birefringence are considered in a similar manner, as are the equations for determining spherulite deformation by means of low-angle light-scattering measurements. Results indicate that in several cases details of deformation mechanisms previously proposed should be revised in light of the effect of the change in volume on the calculated orientation functions. The equations in each case are presented in terms of a parameter β, the square root of the third strain invariant of the deformation tensor. Results are presented in numerical form for many of the basic parameters. Equations for all such results are expressed in explicit form and, in most cases, are displayed graphically together with available experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050408
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  • 121
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    Dynamic mechanical properties of aromatic, aliphatic, and partially fluorinated epoxy resins (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 761-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The α, β, and γ transitions at temperatures between -200 and +100°C. of crosslinked aromatic and aliphatic epoxy polymers were determined from damping and shear modulus data, and compared with their fluorine containing analogs. Loci of segmental relaxation are suggested at various temperatures, and similarities between aliphatic and fluorocarbon segments, and polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene are discussed. Two systems of structurally similar monomers 2,2,3,3,4,4-hexafluoropentane diglycidyl ether-1,5 and 1,4-butane diglycidyl ether, and 2,2-bis(4-glycidyl phenyl ether)hexafluoropropane and 2,2-bis(4-glycidyl phenyl ether) propane were polymerized with the aid of two diamine curing agents, namely, ethylenediamine and m-xylylenediamine. Polymers of the aromatic diepoxides showed transitions with peaks at -56°C. and above +70°C. Three main peaks were registered for the aliphatic and fluorocarbon diepoxides: at -125 and at -100°C., at -56°C., and at 0°C. It is suggested that the Tg is affected by an interdependence of relaxation of all components of the polymer main chain.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050411
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  • 122
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    Apparatus for the measurement of the flow birefringence of polymer melts (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 781-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A description is given of a modified cone-and-plate apparatus suitable for the measurement of the streaming birefringence of molten polymers. Some results are given of measurements on a polystyrene and a poly(dimethyl siloxane). Those on polystyrene are compared with solution measurements of the same material by use of the well-known Bueche-Harding parameter. Measurements on the silicone oil have been compared with measurements of the dynamic moduli on the same material, after ascertaining the validity of the stress-optical law for this system as well.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050413
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  • 123
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    Thermodynamic properties of polybutene-1 and butene-1 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 791-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050414
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  • 124
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    Strain birefringence of poly(vinyl alcohol) gels (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 795-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050415
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  • 125
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    Measurement of concentration gradients in swelling crosslinked polymer beads (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 799-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The concentration of solvent in the gel phase of a swelling polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer bead has been measured as a function of the radius by optical interference techniques. It is found that an appreciable gradient exists even shortly after the core disappears. Results are presented for two cases: a very lightly crosslinked bead that exhibits negligible birefringence while swelling, and a more tightly crosslinked network in which the birefringence must be considered. It is also found that the refractive index of the unswollen bead is considerably less than that found by extrapolation from the swollen state; this effect is reasonable when the “free volume” in the bulk polymer is considered.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050501
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  • 126
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    Birefringence dispersion in oriented polystyrene (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 817-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dispersion of birefringence in oriented amorphous polymers is discussed. It is shown that for polystyrene, the birefringence can be considered as the product of an orientation function and a function of the wavelength of the light. This leads to a method for expressing the birefringence dispersion as a function that is characteristic of the polymer. This function is determined for polystyrene, and from it the birefringence at infinite wavelength is found to be 11% lower than that measured with the mercury green line (5461 A.).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050502
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  • 127
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    Molecular dimensions of polydipropylsiloxamer (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 829-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The molecular dimensions of polydipropylsiloxamer were studied by intrinsic viscosity measurements in toluene and in 2-pentanone. The relationships between the molecualr weight and the intrinsic viscosity were found to be: [η]25°C., toluene = 4.35 × 10-4 M0.58; [η]θ(10°C.), toluene = 1.09 × 10-3 M0.5; [η]θ(76°C.), 2-pentanone = 8.71 × 10-4 M0.5. This held reasonably well for molecular weights from 25,000 to 3000,000. The root-mean-square end-to-end length ratio, (r02/M)1/2 as calculated from the constant K, exceeds the free rotation value by approximately 100%. The disparity is greater than that found with polydimethylsiloxamer, indicating a lower degree of flexibility for the polydipropylsiloxamer. This is largely due to the short range steric interaction between near neighboring units of the chain. Gel permeation chromatography was also employed to demonstrate the lower degree of flexibility for polydipropylsiloxamer as compared with polydimethylsiloxamer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050503
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  • 128
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    Corresponding state relations for the Newtonian viscosity of polymer solutions. II. Further systems and concentrated solutions (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 853-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In earlier work we have indicated a superposition principle for moderately concentrated mixtures (c ≲ 2/[η]) in good and poor solvents. By an examination of data on a number of vinyl polymers and cellulose derivatives in good as well as poor solvents, the validity of this principle is extended to concentrated solutions (c ≲ 50%). The characteristic concentration factor γ is proportional to M-a1 over the whole concentration range, with 0.47 ≤ a1 ≤ 1.10 being larger for good than for poor solvents, the result obtained earlier. Significant deviations from this relationship are noted in good solvents for those low molecular weights at which deviations from the usual intrinsic viscosity relationship occur. This may be related to the expansion factor of the polymer coil. On the basis of these results, the concentration and molecular weight dependence of the viscosity in the concentrated solution can be related to each other in terms of the parameter a1 and thus to thermodynamic characteristics. In this manner a bridge between the relatively dilute and concentrated regions is established. Currently used semiempirical expressions are analyzed in terms of these results. For the polystyrene-cyclohexane systems and θ - 9 ≦ T ≦ θ + 3, γ can be identified with the critical concentration for phase separation. Provided an “entanglement” concentration ce exists, in the neighbourhood of which the concentration dependence of the viscosity changes reapidly, γ can alternatively be shown to be proportional to ce, or ce ∝ M-a1. The temperature reduction scheme suggested earlier remains to be investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050505
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  • 129
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    Dependence of viscosity of concentrated polymer solutions upon molecular weight and concentrationPresented at the International Symposium on Macromolecular Chemistry, Tokyo and Kyoto, October 4, 1966. (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 899-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular weight M and concentration c dependencies of the zero-shear viscosity (η) were measured over wide ranges of M and c for concentrated solutions of linear and branched poly(vinyl acetate) as well as of polystyrene under θ conditions. The log η versus log M and log η versus log c curves for a given system can be superposed by the horizontal shift along the abscissa, giving smooth master curves. From the shift factors the ratio of two exponents β and α, which appear in the following equation, can be evaluated: η = K′(cρ)αMβ, where ρ is the density of the solution and K′ is a constant at constant temperature. The evaluated values of β/α for the systems under θ conditions are equal to or very close to 0.50 as was anticipated from the previous work. The above superposition method was also applied to available viscosity data, and it was found that β/α had a good correlation with a in [η] = KMa. This indicates that the individual molecules in concentrated solutions maintain the same individuality as in dilute solutions, and might be a positive support to the packed sphere model proposed previously by the authors. The effect of solvent on the molecular weight and the concentration dependencies of viscosity was also discussed.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050508
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  • 130
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    Synthetic thermally reversible gel systems. II (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 915-927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The homopolymer and many of the copolymers of N-acrylylglycinamide yield thermally reversible gels in water. These systems are uniquely suitable for studying synthetic photographic gelatin substitutes and for understanding the mechanism of the gelation process. Polymerization of N-acrylylglycinamide has been studied under a variety of conditions. The homopolymer is aggregated in dilute aqueous solution and probably molecularly dispersed in 2M thiocyanate solution. At concentrations of several per cent, in water, thermally reversible gels are formed whose melting points rise with increasing concentration and increasing molecular weight. The heat of gelation crosslinking has been calculated to be -8.8 kcal./mole of crosslinks. Introduction of small amounts of carboxyl groups into the polymer raises the melting points of the aqueous gels. The effect of various organic and inorganic reagents on gelation is presented. The ability to prepare copolymers which can be flocculated has been demonstrated as well as the usefulness of the monomer in certain types of photoresist systems. Copolymerization with acrylic acid and β-aminoethyl vinyl ether has been studied, and the r1 and r2 values for these systems have been calculated as well as Q and e values for N-acrylylglycinamide.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050509
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  • 131
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    Configurations of the free radicals in irradiated polypropylene and the relation of their decay reactions to the molecular motion (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 929-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Free radicals produced in irradiated polypropylene were studied by the electron spin resonance method. Two temperature regions in which the free radicals decay rapidly were found at around 170°K. and 260°K. The first temperature region corresponds to the γ-dispersion of polypropylene and the second to the β-dispersion. Steric configurations of the free radicals were investigated, and it was concluded that the free radicals trapped in polymer, conformation of which is appreciably twisted from the stable 31-helical structure, decay with small-scale motion of the matrix polymer. The decay of free radicals trapped in polymer of less twisted conformation is associated with the large-scale motion of the matrix polymer. Activation energies of decay were found to be 11 kcal./mole at the lower temperature and 48 kcal./mole at the higher temperature. Time constants of the decay reactions were compared with those for molecular motion of the matrix, with results reflecting the relations of the decay of the polymer radicals to molecular motion in the matrix.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050510
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  • 132
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    Deformation of polybutene-1 spherulites (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 939-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The deformation of fresh and aged polybutene-1 spherulitic samples has been investigated by microscopic observation, interferometry, studying macroscopic and spherulitic birefringence changes, and study of light-scattering patterns. The spherulite deformation is not affine, the microscopic deformation ratio being less than the macroscopic deformation ratio of the sample and greater in the equatorial regions of the spherulite than in the polar regions. The deviation from affine deformation is less for fresh spherulites than for the aged, where void formation occurs in the equatorial part of the spherulite. This gives rise to large scattering by this part of the spherulite and to form birefringence. The spherulite birefringence and its change with elongation is dependent upon the degree of aging of the sample. The spherulite birefringence is more negative for the aged sample. In the polar regions of the spherulite, this negative birefringence decreases and turns positive at higher elongations, characteristic of a reorientation of the crystals with their optic axes turning from being perpendicular to parallel to the spherulite radius. The spherulite birefringence in the equatorial direction becomes somewhat more negative on stretching a fresh sample but less negative on stretching an aged one. Spherulite distortion and orientation changes are apparent from the light-scattering patterns of films possessing small spherulites. The changes in Vv and Hv scattering patterns upon stretch are different for the fresh and aged samples. The Vv patterns of the fresh samples decrease in intensity with time after stretching a fresh sample with the Hv patterns do not.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050511
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  • 133
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    Heat of fusion of polyethylene (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 987-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050514
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  • 134
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    An atomistic approach to the nature and properties of materials. J. A. PASK, Ed. Wiley, New York, 1967. xi + 477. $19.95 (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 989-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050515
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  • 135
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    Polyelectrolyte behavior and conformation of poly-L-methionine S-methylsulfonium salts in aqueous solution (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1013-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence of the species of counterion on the polyelectrolyte behavior and the conformation of poly-L-methionine S-methylsulfonium salts in aqueous solution was studied by viscometric, electrochemical, and optical measurements. The degree of binding of small counterions to charged polyions increases in the sequence: chloride ≲ bromide 〈 iodide 〈 thiocyanate. The conformations of chloride and bromide salts are independent of polymer concentration. On the contrary, iodide and thiocyanate salts indicate a conformational transition, probably from a random-coil conformation to an intermolecularly stabilized β-form, with the increase of polymer concentration. The results suggest the existence of a strong specific interaction between counterion and macroion in iodide and thiocyanate salt solutions at high polymer concentration.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050602
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  • 136
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    Investigation of the fold-surface problem in polyethylene single crystals with the nitric acid oxidation technique (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 991-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Single-crystal preparations of polyethylene were treated with the selective oxidizing agent, fuming nitric acid. The degraded products were examined as regards layer thickness (by low-angle x-ray studies), chemical and weight changes, recrystallization and annealing treatments, and by broadline NMR, as part of a systematic investigation aimed at clarifying the nature of disordered material in single crystals. It emerges that there is a disordered-mobile region along the fold surface of the crystals in agreement with other parallel works along similar lines. In a more detailed analysis we can now decompose the nitric acid attack into components affecting the basal and side surfaces, respectively. Taking into account the recrystallization-annealing observations, we infer that the fold surface is heterogeneous with folds of more than one kind. These results were combined with a preliminary molecular weight distribution study by gel permeation chromatography. Taking into account all the available evidence, we are led to suggest a composite structure where surface looseness, coresponding to long loops and hairs, is superimposed on the more regular folded surface. This model is in the process of being tested. The problems concerning the assignment of a value to the amount of surface looseness are being discussed. In addition, a discontinuity in the thermal behavior of the crystals between 75 and 80°C. has been detected.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050601
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  • 137
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    Caractérisation des polymègres réaticuléas sous tension (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1029-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the determination of the number of intermolecular bonds in a polymer crosslinked according to the following process: (1) crosslinking in the usual isotropic state, (2) additional crosslinking of the strained primary network. The Flory equation for swelling in solvents has been modified in order to take into account the oriented state of the initial network at the time of secondary crosslinking. The combination of this equation with those relating the modulus of elasticity and the dimensions of the relaxed sample to the deformation of the primary network at the time of secondary crosslinking leads to different possible evaluations of the number of intermolecular bonds. Their significance is discussed. The equations thus established are tested with natural rubber samples vulcanized according to the above-mentioned process. The validity of the number of crosslinks thus calculated is discussed; a partial degradation of the primary network occurs during the second crosslinking. Its influence is taken into account by using the approximated equations proposed by Flory. The efficiency of the vulcanizing agent (TMTD) is consequently shown to be practically independent of the deformation of the primary network at the time of secondary crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050603
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  • 138
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    Gel permeation chromatography of polyethylene: Effect of long-chain branching (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 1087-1101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of long-chain branching on the size of low-density polyethylene molecules in solution is demonstrated through solution viscosity and molecular weight measurements on fractionated samples. These well-characterized fractions are analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and it is shown that the separation of the polymer molecules by this technique is sensitive to the presence of long-chain branching. By using fractions of branched polyethylene possessing differing degrees of branching, one observes that a single curve is adequate in relating elution volume to molecular weight. This calibration curve is applied in the GPC analysis of a variety of commercial low-density polyethylene resins and it is shown, by comparison with independent osmometric and gradient elution chromatographic data, that realistic values for molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are obtained. The replacement of molecular weight M by the parameter [η]M as a function of elution volume, leads to a single relationship for both linear and branched polyethylenes. This indicates that GPC separation takes place according to the hydrodynamic volumes of the polymer molecules. The comparison of data for polyethylene and polystyrene fractions suggests that this volume dependence of the separation will be observed for other polymer-solvent systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1967.160050609
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  • 139
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    Polyurethane elastomers from post-grafted polymer-polyol systems (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 133-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Certain homopolymer-polyol mixtures, after treatment with a free-radical generating agent or ionizing radiation, will produce polyurethane elastomers of nearly twice the stiffness and tensile properties compared to control elastomers made with untreated mixtures. Specific examples of these mixtures include the homopolymers of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride with a poly(oxypropyl) triol of about 3000 molecular weight as the polyol in each case. The marked improvement in the stiffness and tensile properties of elastomers made with the treated mixtures over those of the untreated controls indicates a grafting process occurring between the polyol and homopolymer upon the generation of free radicals. In the present work, grafting could occur by a chain-transfer hydrogen-abstraction mechanism, whereby a free-radical site is generated on both the homopolymer and polyol chains. Coupling of these two free-radical sites would thus result in the establishment of a polymer-polyol graft bond.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110111
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  • 140
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    Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers in wool fibers (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 115-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers, mainly methyl methacrylate, in reduced, successively alkylated, or KCN-Treated wool fibers was performed in the redox LiBr-persulfate system without homopolymer. The reduction gives a striking effect in promoting the graft copolymerization. Methylation or ethylene recrosslinking of the reduced wool, especially the former, decreases the graft-on remarkably. By the KCN treatment in which the conversion of disulfide to lanthionine bonds occurs, the grafting is decreased in the bromide-persulfate system but promoted in the system with persulfate alone. Methylation or KCN treatment of wool as well as reduction brings about a great increase in the absorption of persulfate. The grafting of the lanthionine-containing wool in the redox system accompanied by the liberation of bromine might be retarded by the pronounced bromination of monomers over the inhibiting of homopolymerization, because the lanthionine bonds are more stable to bromine than the disulfide bonds. In general, disulfide bonds and the other easily oxidized components of wool may perhaps play an important role in regulating the bromination of monomers and in the graft copolymerization without homopolymer. The molecular weight of graft polymer is decreased distinctly with increasing extent of reduction of wool. From these results, the thiol groups on wool are considered to give predominantly graft centers by the radicalotropy from SO4-·, OH·, and/or Br·.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110109
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  • 141
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    Plastic Materials. J. A. Brydson. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, 1966. x + 576. $18.50 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 153-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110115
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  • 142
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    Some mechanical properties of an epoxy resin system cured with multiple crosslinking agentsProd. No. 1445 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 171-177 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Arbitrary cure times and glass transition temperatures are reported for an epoxy resin cocrosslinked by various weight fractions of hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and m-phenylenediamine (m-PLDA). The glass transition temperatures of the epoxy resin systems studied yielded an excellent fit to an empirical equation developed by Dyvik for copolymers. The cure time parameters were found to be a linear function of the weight fractions of each crosslinking agent present. The mechanical properties of the epoxy resins were measured by an in situ dynamic modulus technique which employed the use of a resin-coated metallic substrate.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110202
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  • 143
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    Antiplasticization. III. Characteristics and properties of antiplasticizable polymersPaper presented at the 152nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1966.Prod. No. 1451 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 227-244 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Antiplasticization is applicable to polymers which contain rigid, polar groups and stiff chains, such as many bisphenol polycarbonates and polyesters, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol polycarbonates and polyesters, cellulose triacetate, and a commercial poly(sulfone ether). The stiffness, hardness, and tensile strength of these polymers are increased by antiplasticizers, and the elongation, impact strength, and heat-distortion temperature are decreased. The stiffness of antiplasticized polymers can be further increased by crystallization. A clear, hard, stiff, tough, self-extinguishing molding plastic with good electrical properties and improved resistance to stress cracking is obtained by antiplasticizing bisphenol A polycarbonate with 20% Aroclor 5460.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110206
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  • 144
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    Resistance of Valonia cellulose to mercerizationProd. No. 1456 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mercerization behavior at 20°C. of Valonia macrophysa cellulose of Japanese origin was investigated by x-ray, moisture regain, and infrared spectrographic methods. The NaOH concentration range necessary for mercerization was 16-20%, which is higher than those required for wood pulp (8-11%), ramie or cotton (11-14%), and even the animal cellulose, Tunicin (14-16%). Treatment with the alkaline solution of the ordinary concentration (17.5%) for 4 days could not mercerize it, and even mercerization with a 19% solution brought about the presence of the reflection from (101)II along with those from (101)I and (101)I after regeneration. Such a high resistance to mercerization of the Valonia cellulose may be due to its larger crystallite size rather than the crystalline content.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110209
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  • 145
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    Elastomer processing and application of rheological fundamentalsProd. No. 1452 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 321-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Elastomer processing operations are discussed and classified as unit operations. The theory of nonlinear viscoelasticity is applied to processing unvulcanized amorphous rubber and the significance of the maximum relaxation time τm is emphasized.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110301
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  • 146
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    Polymer degradation. V. Changes in molecular weight distributions during sonic irradiation of polyisobuteneProd. No. 1470 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel permeation chromatography was used to follow changes in the molecular weight distribution of a polyisobutene, initial Mv = 466,000, during degradation induced by sonic irradiation. Seven samples taken at times of 200-163,500 sec. were studied. In general, a steady decrease in molecular weight was observed, although a bimodal distribution was present after 20,000 sec. irradiation. Various measures of inhomogeneity, Mw/Mn, U, etc., were examined. The function, σn/Mw, where σn is the standard deviation of the number distribution, is considered as a measure of the relative distribution. It is shown to be almost constant throughout the degradation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110302
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  • 147
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    Effects of interfaces on the thermal degradation of polymer-metal compositesProd. No. 1458 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Previous studies by Black and Blomquist on the degradative failure of polymer-metal adhesive bonds have shown that composite failure depends largely on the type of metal substrate employed. In the work reported herein, metal powders of high surface area have been employed to maximize the metal-polymer interface. The composite systems studied consisted for aluminum and iron with polycondensates of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, phenol-formaldehyde and poly-2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenimidazole. The composites were prepared in the absence of air and thermally degraded in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer while the degradation products were continuously monitored from mass 1 to 200. In the polymer and polymer-metal systems investigated, iron accelerated the decomposition of all polymers studied. This was determined by plotting m/e against degradation temperature for the more common mass peaks such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide for the carbon-hydrogen-oxygen-containing polymer and hydrogen cyanide and ammonia for the carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-containing polymer. This technique offers promise in determining the nature of the interface as well as the effect of the interface on polymer degradation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110304
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  • 148
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    Graft copolymers of starch. III. Copolymerization of gelatinized wheat starch with acrylonitrile. Influence of chain modifiers on copolymer compositionProd. No. 1476 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the influence of selected chain modifiers on both the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile and the grafting frequency of the starch-polyacrylo-nitrile graft copolymer. Gelatinized wheat starch was used with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The organic chain modifiers investigated were ethyl mercaptan, 1-dodecanethiol, methyl ethyl ketone, acetaldehyde, and chloroform. Sodium chromate, cupric bromide, cupric nitrate, cupric acetate, and cupric chloride were also tested as chain modifiers. In the presence of cupric chloride, there was a tenfold reduction in the molecular weight of grafted polyacrylonitrile; however, fewer chains were grafted to the starch backbone than were observed without cupric chloride.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110312
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  • 149
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    Third annual polymer conference series wayne state university (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110315
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  • 150
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    Investigation of conditions of spherulite formation in mixtures of crystalline and amorphous polymersProd. No. 1454 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 499-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The supermolecular structure of mixtures of crystalline polymers (low pressure and high pressure polyethylene, isotactic polypropylene) with an amorphous polymer (atactic polypropylene) from the point of view of the influence of the amorphous component on the morphology of the crystalline component has been investigated. The criterion of changes in the morphological state of larger supermolecular formations was the microscopic image of the samples obtained with an optical microscope, both between crossed nicols and in phase contrast. It has been established that the formation of typical spherulites depends on the amount of admixture of the amorphous polymer and also on the treatment of the samples. Upon crystallization in presence of a small amount of solvent (p-xylene), formation of typical spherulites of the crystalline component of the mixture can be observed while the same mixture in case of evaporation of the solvent presents a granulated refractive structure without typical spherulites, regardless of the rate of cooling. The probable role of the solvent is to facilitate mutual segregation of the microphases of both polymers in consequence of decrease in viscosity of the mixture. It has been further shown that even after briefly heating the mixture to a temperature of 220°C., before crystallization, spherulites do not form; on the contrary, spherulites originally present disappear and a structure consisting of smaller refractive formations of crystalline polymer is obtained. The formation of this structure, emerging after destruction of spherulites, might be attributed to an increase of interpenetration of both polymers and to an increase of the contact surfaces between components of the mixture.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110402
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  • 151
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    Effect of environmental hydrogen pressure on the hydrogen yield from x-irradiated polyethylenesPaper presented at the meeting of the American Physical Society, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 28-30, 1963.Prod. No. 1474 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 515-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An experimental assembly incorporating a capacitance-type, differential pressure transducer, which provides resolutions of 3 × 10-4 torr at pressures extending to 30 torr, has been employed to monitor the effect of hydrogen environmental pressure on the hydrogen yield from x-irradiated polyethylenes. Contrary to the observations of previous investigators, the hydrogen yield is found to be independent of hydrogen environmental pressures extending over the critical range up to at least 30 torr. It is demonstrated that neglecting the temperature and density gradients inherent in closed-volume irradiation assemblies employing cryogenic traps to separate liberated gases into condensable and noncondensable fractions may lead to erroneous conclusions with respect to gas yields arising from the irradiation of materials. A homogeneous, variable-plate separation ion chamber consisting of a polyethylene body and utilizing flowing ethylene as the cavity gas was employed to obtain total volatile G values of 3.6 ± 0.4, 3.8 ± 0.4, and 4.0 ± 0.4 molecules/100 e.v., for Marlex 6002, Dow Ziegler (Q 917.5), and DuPont A-1410 polyethylenes, respectively. A hydrogen contribution of approximately 98 mole-% was obtained with this experimental method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110403
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  • 152
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    Optical evaluation of films by means of moiré (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 601-602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110409
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  • 153
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    Elastomers from castor oil (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 629-638 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Castor oil has been used to prepare millable elastomers by using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, respectively. These elastomers are vulcanized with sulfur and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate separately by using the standard methods of rubber technology, and the properties of these vulcanizates are reported.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110502
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  • 154
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    Heterogeneous nucleating agents for polypropylene crystallization (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 673-685 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A model nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization is described. A series of compounds consisting mainly of organocarboxylic acid salts is evaluated as heterogeneous nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization by measuring their effect upon the polymer supercooling. Sodium benzoate and basic aluminium dibenzoate were among the best nucleating agents found. The nucleating abilities of the various compounds are discussed in terms of their structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110505
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  • 155
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    Molecular weight changes in irradiated polypropylene (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 705-718 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: We have shown by two separate measurements that polypropylene when melted after irradiation undergoes crosslinking from the inception of irradiation. The first proof was an immediate increase in the solution viscosity of a narrow molecular weight fraction of polypropylene. The second proof was the marked change in melt-flow properties on irradiation of a broad molecular weight distribution polypropylene. These findings tend to support one of the two currently held views on the action of radiation on polypropylene. In addition we have confirmed previous reports that melting after irradiation contributes to the overall crosslinking reaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110508
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  • 156
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    Fibre sintetice; Chimie si technologie. Lupu Alexandru and Sorin Bosica. Bucuresti, 1966 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 751-751 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110513
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  • 157
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    Effect of water on the mechanism of deformation of nylon 6 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1483-1494 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Lattice spacings perpendicular to the molecular chain axes and crystallite orientation of dried and moist (boiled in water) bulk nylon 6 were determined by x-ray diffraction under tension of 30-300 kg./cm.2. The deformation of the specimen was also measured. The lattice spacings are changed reversibly by the presence of water in nylon 6, but the elastic moduli of the lattice are not affected. The lattice elastic modulus in the direction of the hydrogen bonds is approximately double its value in the direction normal to the hydrogen bonds. The elastic modulus of the dried nylon 6 approaches the value of the lattice elastic modulus in the direction normal to the molecular axes, while the modulus of the moist nylon 6 is several times lower. From these facts, and especially from the relations between the lattice deformation, crystallite orientation, and specimen deformation, the principal differences in the deformation mechanism of dried and moist nylon 6 were deduced. The results obtained have also made possible some general conclusions about the crystalline structure of nylon 6 and the deformation mechanism of linear polymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110811
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  • 158
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    Graft copolymerization onto protein by the ceric ion method. Studies on grafting site (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1529-1538 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and acrylamide onto ovalbumin was carried out with redox system with ceric ion. Initiation of grafting occurred very rapidly, and the number of grafting sites reached a maximum after about 2 min. regardless of initial ceric ion concentration. The grafted polymer chains were separated by selective hydrolysis of the protein backbone with hydrochloric acid or protease in order to characterize the graft copolymers. The grafted polyacrylamide separated by the proteolytic digestion contained a carbohydrate residue at the end of the polymer molecule. The problem of grafting sites on ovalbumin is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110814
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  • 159
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    Bonding polyethylene to metals (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1553-1562 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A process for adhering polyethylene to aluminum was developed which involves treating the aluminium substrate successively with chromic acid and then a selected organic acid. Certain organic acids utilized in this process appeared to produce a synergistic effect on the adhesion. This process, which required no modification or treatment of the polymer, resulted in peel strengths forty times greater than that obtained on untreated aluminum. Tensile shear values for the polyethylene-aluminum bond were greater than 2800 psi. The materials used for treating the metal in this system produced a maximum in the obtainable peel strength. Furthermore, minor changes in the etching acids resulted in drastic changes in the adhesion values.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110816
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  • 160
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    A modified balance-type stress relaxation apparatus for chemical relaxation under liquid phase (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1613-1615 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A relatively simple and inexpensive automatic apparatus for chemical relaxation giving good accuracy has been developed for measurement of chemical relaxation in the gaseous phase in high polymers. The apparatus is based on a previously described balance-type stress relaxation apparatus intended for automatic operation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110822
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  • 161
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    Properties of random and block copolymers of butadiene and styrene. I. Dynamic properties and glassy transition temperatures (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1581-1591 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effect of monomer sequence on physical properties was investigated for butadienestyrene solution copolymers made by organolithium initiation. The polymers varied from random copolymers of uniform composition along the polymer chain to ideal block polymers of specific block sequence arrangement and included rubbers of intermediate degrees of randomness. Uniform composition random copolymers exhibit a single glass transition temperature and a very narrow dynamic loss peak corresponding to this transition. The glass transition can be predicted from the styrene content and the microstructure of the butadiene portion of the rubber. Random copolymers in which composition varies along the polymer chain, and to some extent between molecules, exhibit a single glass transition, but the dynamic loss peak is broadened. The extent of this broadening is shown to be compatible with the sequence distribution, polymer segments of various compositions losing mobility at different temperatures. This indicates a tendency for association between segments of different temperatures. This indicates a tendency for association between segments of different chains which are similar in composition. Block copolymers display two transitions, corresponding to Tg for each type of block. The position and width of the dynamic loss peaks are related to block length and compositional purity of the blocks.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110819
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  • 162
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    Dynamic behavior of natural rubber during large extensionsProd. No. 1576 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1835-1850 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The stresses and energy losses during simple extension cycles up to a maximum elongation of 530% have been determined for an unfilled vulcanizate of natural rubber as a function of the temperature and extension rate. At sufficiently short elongation times and low temperatures, the rate and temperature dependence of the ascending stresses are connected by the Ferry transform, and the superposition principle can be applied to them. Outside this experimental range, the stresses are increased by crystallization. The validity of the Ferry transform for the energy losses and the energy loss ratio is more restricted than for the stresses, and the losses are always higher than can be expected from a purely viscoelastic mechanism. The additional losses are tentatively ascribed to incipient crystallization and stress-softening effects. At short elongation times and low temperatures, the losses approach the values predicted by viscoelasticity, and the loss ratio becomes independent of the maximum extension of the strain cycle.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111002
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  • 163
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    Regulation of molecular weight of styrene - butadiene rubber. I. Choice of regulator from the homologous series of xanthogen disulfidesProd. No. 1584 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1881-1892 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The regulating efficiency of 14 dialkyl xanthogen disulfides in emulsion copolymerization of butadiene with styrene at +5°C. with the use of a diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide-complexed ferrous iron-sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate redox system in the presence of sodium soap of disproportionated rosin as an emulsifier, was evaluated. The apparent chain transfer constants of n-alkyl and isoalkyl derivatives decreased logarithmically with increasing length of the alkyl group, which seems to be related to the analogous dependency of their solubilities in water. The dialkyl xanthogen disulfides, especially the lower homologs, acted as retarders of polymerization. The retardation did not affect their regulation efficiency. On the basis of values of the apparent chain transfer constants it is possible to predict the molecular weight of polymers, except for the region where the regulation is poor and where the deteriorative influence of termination and crosslinking reactions takes place. The diisopropyl xanthogen disulfide has been selected as the most convenient of the compounds studied for molecular weight regulation of emulsion copolymerization of butadiene with styrene in the system mentioned.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111006
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  • 164
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    Reaction of α-cellulose with SbCl3-KOH-AsCl3Prod. No. 1637 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2467-2471 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: α-Cellulose dissolves in a mixture of SbCl3, KOH, and AsCl3. The resulting product as identified by PMR and infrared spectroscopy is α-D-glucose. This product is unexpected, and an explanation for its formation is suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111206
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  • 165
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    Diffusion of dissolved gases in molten condensation polymers (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2587-2589 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111218
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  • 166
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    Kinetics of the formation of dibenzyl ether linkage during curing of resole-type phenol-formaldehyde resin by DTA and infrared spectroscopy (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 95-102 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of formation of dibenzyl ether linkages during cure of resole-type phenol-formaldehyde resins was studied by the use of differential thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The activation energy was 21.6 kcal./mole by the Borchard and Daniels method gives and 18.6 kcal./mole by the Kissinger method. For the same process, infrared, which shows a rather good agreement between the two different methods. The heat of reaction, determined from the area under the DTA curve for the corresponding reaction, was found to be 20.2 cal./g.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110107
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  • 167
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    Ionic graft copolymerization. I. Homopolymerization of β-propiolactone by sodium acetate catalyst (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 753-771 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of β-propiolactone (βPL) by sodium acetate catalyst has been investigated. The polymerization behavior with monomer purified with calcium chloride was found to be a little different from that previously reported for this monomer. That is, poly-β-propiolactone (PβPL) obtained from βPL dried with CaCl2 has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained from conventionally treated βPL, and its infrared spectrum shows type II configuration, which differs from that reported in previous papers. Some chain transfer reaction is observed even for the polymerization of the CaCl2-dried βPL; however, this is less important in toluene. The electronegativity of the anion or cation in catalyst greatly influences the rate of polymerization.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110601
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    Membrane potentials of thin nitrocellulose membranes (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 829-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The membrane potentials of thin (300-1300 A.) nitrocellulose (Parlodion) membranes have been investigated. Measurements were made in a Lucite cell by use of calomel electrodes with 0.05N KCl and 0.1N KCl. Variables having an influence on membrane structure, such as solvent polarity, temperature, and thickness, have been studied in relation to membrane potential. The range of potentials observed for Parlodion (2.1-9.2 mv.) is believed to be the result of differences in the orientation of the nitrocellulose molecules (and their accompanying electrochemically active carboxyl groups) in the membrane structure.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110606
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  • 169
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    Simple microtome for sectioning cellular foam (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 921-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive microtome was developed for sectioning polystyrene foam prepuff. The cell structure is well defined and wall thicknesses can be measured easily from photomicrographs prepared with the microtome.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110612
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  • 170
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    Fatigue under complicated load histories. Law of cumulative damage (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 925-947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The applicability of Miner's law of cumulative damage to predict lifetimes in experiments involving complex load histories is examined. Lifetimes estimated by Σ ti/(tb)i = 1 are compared with those calculated by the expression for the time to rupture derived by Prevorsek and Lyons assuming that the time to rupture can be approximated by the time to form an unstable crack. For experiments in which the loading conditions became increasingly severe with time, lifetimes predicted by Miner's law are longer than those calculated from the rate of crack propagation, the opposite being found for experiments in which the loading conditions become decreasingly severe with time. Experimental data on hand are in agreement with these findings. Effects of changes in the structural parameters ρ, E, and ΔF* and of variations in the experimental conditions on the accuracy of the lifetime estimates are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110613
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  • 171
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    Further aspects of the thermal degradation of epoxide resins (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1009-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper describes an investigation into the degradation of a purified epoxide based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A hardened with p,p′-diaminodiphenylmethane. The method used was that of hot-wire pyrolysis followed by gas chromatography. Special attention was given to the problem of solid residues formed on the pyrolyzer tube, and evidence was found that these probably contain oligomers. Resonance-stabilized free radicals also appear to be formed, and evidence is found to support the idea of dehydration during degradation, originally put forward by Lee. An attempt, based on first principles, is made to explain the degradation of epoxides, using evidence from previous work as well as that described in this paper.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110701
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  • 172
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    Effect of carbon black on time dependence of the melt flow indexPaper presented at 22nd ANTEC Meeting, Society of Plastics Engineers, Montreal, Canada, March 1966. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1043-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Time dependence in the melt indexing of polyolefins stabilized against thermally induced changes is well known, the prevalent effect being an increase in melt index toward a steady-state value. The melt index of polyethylenes compounded with carbon black has been found to decrease, in some cases radically, although oxygen uptake data show no evidence of thermal instability. The melt index-time plot can be restored to its normal shape by adding excess quantities of a standard thioether antioxidant. Data are rationalized by assuming that polyethylene adsorbs on the available pigment surface, forming a crosslink network. The thioether antioxidant, however, may adsorb preferentially, thereby restoring the normal response of the polymer to forces resulting in its capillary extrusion. The results emphasize the contribution of chain orientation effects to the time dependence of melt index.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110704
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  • 173
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    Free-radical concentration in polymerizations (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1079-1086 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A method is described for deriving by digital computer a temperature program which, when applied to batch polymerization, will keep the supply of new free radicals constant throughout the main part of the reaction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110707
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  • 174
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    Diethylaminoethyl cellulose-epoxide reactionsPresented before the Division of Cellulose, Wood, & Fiber Chemistry at the 152nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1966. (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1155-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Reactions of various monoepoxides and diepoxides with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose in the absence and presence of external catalysts have been studied. In the absence of additional catalysts, many epoxides which did not react with the unmodified cotton reacted with DEAE-cotton. Others, which reacted with unmodified cotton in the presence of external bases, imparted different properties when catalyzed by the builtin tertiary amino groups of DEAE-cotton. For example, epichlorohydrin reacted with DEAE-cotton to produce a fabric with excellent conditioned recovery, good wet recovery, and strong-base anion exchange properties. The same epoxide imparted only wet crease recovery to cotton when the reaction was catalyzed by external bases. Phenyl glycidyl ether and styrene oxide reacted with DEAE-cotton to produce a fabric with twentyfold improvement in resistance to flex abrasion. With 8% aqueous NaOH as an external catalyst, the DEAE-cotton displayed greater reactivity with all epoxides than did the unmodified fabric. DEAE-cotton-diepoxide reactions with added base catalyst generally resulted in a decrease in the conditioned recovery angle and an increase in the wet recovery angle. When Zn(BF4)2 was used as an additional catalyst, again the DEAE fabrics displayed the greater reactivity toward the monoepoxides; but the unmodified cotton was more reactive toward the diepoxides than was the DEAE-cotton. The Zn (BF4)2-monoepoxide-treated DEAE fabrics had higher wet recovery angles but lower dry recovery angles than the corresponding epoxide-finished control cottons. Butadiene diepoxide was the only diepoxide investigated which imparted higher dry recovery angles to the DEAE-cotton than to the unmodified cotton control in the presence of Zn(BF4)2. Tertiary amino groups in DEAE-cottons act as an internal catalyst for the opening of the oxirane rings, direct the site for reaction in the absence of additional catalysts, and react with some epoxides to form quaternary nitrogen groups.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110713
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  • 175
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    Radiation-induced reactions with cellulose. II. The Trommsdorff effect: Dose and dose rate studies involving copolymerization with monomers in methanol (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 839-858 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The radiation-induced grafting to cellulose of styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, 2-vinylpyridine, and 4-vinylpyridine in methanol has been studied. All monomers exhibit appreciable grafting at room temperature in either vacuum or air for total doses up to 10 Mrad and at dose rates as high as 1.4 Mrad/hr. in a spent fuel or 60Co facility. The magnitude of the grafting depends upon both the total dose and dose rate. Under certain experimental conditions, the grafting experiences a maximum which has been attributed to the Trommsdorff effect. A novel mechanism involving charge-transfer bond formation is proposed to account for the observed data in the grafting reactions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110607
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  • 176
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    Radiation-induced reactions with cellulose. III. Kinetics of styrene copolymerization in methanol (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 859-870 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The kinetics of the radiation-induced grafting of styrene to cellulose in methanol have been studied in air at dose rates of 0.007, 0.014, and 0.078 Mrad/hr. in 60Co and spent fuel element facilities. The variables affecting rate of grafting include monomer concentration, radiation dose rate, and total dose. Grafting reaches a maximum at 60-70% by volume methanol in styrene. The results have been interpreted in terms of possible grafting mechanisms, including charge-transfer intermediates; however, a complete mathematical treatment of the data is not possible at present because of the absence of appropriate swelling data for cellulose in mixtures of styrene and methanol. Poor grafting observed in solutions of up to 10% monomer is attributed to radical scavenging (predominantly from the solvent) by the monomer leading to the formation of scavenged products including homopolymer. Rate of grafting falls off for solutions above 80-90% monomer concentration and radical scavenging by monomer radicals is again postulated to account for the observed behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110608
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  • 177
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    Investigation by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction of the microstructure of permselective membranes made from polyethylene (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 909-919 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ion-permselective membranes containing polyethylene in their base material have been examined by direct transmission electron micrography and x-ray diffraction. All of the electron micrographs showed white lines of about 100 A. thickness between somewhat thinner black lines composed of granules. These lines often occur as black-white-black triplets. We tentatively explain these structural elements by assuming that they are cross sections of the crystallite platelets, characteristic for polyethylene, reacted on both of their faces during sulfochlorination. It is known, that these platelets are about 100 A. thick, X-ray diffraction experiments also showed the characteristic lines of polyethylene crystallites, their intensity decreasing after sulfonation. The velocity of heterogeneous sulfochlorination of polyethylene sheets decreases abruptly when the film contains 6% S and 7% Cl (after hydrolysis). This m̰eans six substituted sites on a chain element across the platelet for a 100% crystalline film and accordingly less for a partially amorphous material. It is known that five CH2 groups of each chain element are exposed at the surface of the platelets, in good agreement with our findings.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110611
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  • 178
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    Aliphatic heterocyclic polymers (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1325-1331 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Aliphatic polybenzoxazoles, polybenzothiazoles, and polybenzimidazoles have been prepared by three methods: in poly(phosphoric acid), by the polyamide precursor, and by melt polymerization. The melt polymerization method was found to be the most satisfactory. All of the aliphatic heterocyclic polymers had excellent thermal stability, resistance to alkaline hydrolysis, high glass transition temperatures, and a high degree of flexibility. The only class of polymer found having any degree of solubility, however, was the polybenzimidazoles. Aliphatic polybenzimidazole films were prepared by solution casting. These films were found to be extremely flexible at ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The films were unaffected by alkaline hydrolysis, even in an oxidizing medium. A molding prepared from the aliphatic polybenzimidazole had excellent physical properties at both cryogenic and room temperature.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110728
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  • 179
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    Basic gel-permeation chromatography studies. I. Polymer degradation (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1419-1430 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymer degradation has been studied by using gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) to measure the product distribution. The method is rapid and has a good accuracy that permits one to see most of the degradation products, as they elute at a point different from the starting material. In the cases studied, polystyrene cleavage has the result of random cleavage, as judged by the product distribution. A GPC curve to be expected from random cleavage has been put together to aid in the evaluation. Both wide and narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrenes have been studied after degradation. The narrow distribution products were degraded by peroxides, irradiation, and weathering. With the latter, the combination of simple fragments to form the starting portions of cromslinking were measured in small amounts. In none of the cases studied did degradation in solution produce crosslinked products. Kinetic rate studies were made that concerned the action of peroxides and inhibitors.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110805
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  • 180
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    Environment-influenced surface layer in polymers (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1495-1507 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Several epoxy polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), a highly plasticized polyethylene, and a polyethylene of molecular weight 2500 were found to be influenced to a considerable depth from the surface by the mold material or the atmospheric environment. The results presented are interpreted in terms of a diffuse double layer induced by the mold in the polymer surface region. These environmental effects appear to be greatest for the epoxy systems and are evident to a lesser extent, progressively, as the molded polymer is changed to materials of higher purity or narrower molecular weight range.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110812
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  • 181
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    Large-scale fractionation of poly(vinyl chloride) and characterization of the fractions (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1539-1552 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A large-scale fractionation of poly(vinyl chloride) (3000 g.) has been carried out by a fractional precipitation method. The molecular weight distribution of some fractions has been controlled by refractionation. The fractions have been also characterized by viscometry, osmometry, light-scattering, and glass transition temperature measurements. The data available in literature concerning the molecular weight characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) fractions have been critically reviewed. It has been shown that most of the viscometric and osmometric data are in good agreement when the molecular weights are below 105. Above 105 the literature discrepancies can be attributed to aggregation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110815
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  • 182
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    The effect of thermal pretreatment on the strength of polycarbonate (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1571-1579 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effect of preheat treatment at temperatures below the glass transition for various periods of time on selected properties of molded polycarbonate has been studied. Changes in tensile and flexural strength as functions of time and preheat temperature (80-140°C.) were determined and these are discussed in relation to changes in the nature of the β-transition region and the influence of the glass transition region. It is suggested that the preheat treatment produces a greater degree of order within the amorphous region of the polymer, resulting in an increase in strength at temperatures up to 132°C. The strength of the polycarbonate before and after heat treatment appears to be independent of the presence of the equilibrium water content.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110818
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  • 183
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    A modified capillary dilatometer for polymerizationProd. No. 1554 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1627-1629 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A relatively simple and inexpensive instrument giving good accuracy and easy operation has been developed for the measurement of volume change in monomer polymerizations. The instrument is based on a previously described capillary dilatometer intended for automatic operation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110902
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  • 184
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    Environmental stability of ABS plasticsProd. No. 1582 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1731-1735 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Experiments with different ABS resins indicate that thermal stability in this class of polymers is dependent upon the ratio of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer to polybutadiene rubber in the graft phase; resins containing more highly grafted rubber are more resistant to thermal oxidation. It is also found that in outdoor aging there is a minimum carbon black loading for these resins below which light screening is not effective.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110912
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  • 185
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    Alkali solubility of carboxylated polymer emulsionsProd. No. 1598 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1963-1978 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The solubility of carboxylated polymer emulsions in an aqueous alkaline solution was studied. The alkali solubility was shown to depend on the degree of carboxylation, the hydrophilic nature of the noncarboxylic main components, the degree of polymerization, the glass transition temperature, the chain configuration, and the dissolution temperature. Emulsions of the copolymer containing acrylic acid units showed considerably different dissolution behavior from those containing methacrylic acid units, possibly owing to the difference in the distribution state of carboxylic units inside the particle. It is deduced that methacrylic acid units are distributed more homogeneously inside the particle than acrylic acid units.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111013
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  • 186
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    Nitric acid digestion and crystallinity of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymersProd. No. 1606 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2001-2006 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Nitric acid digestion studies of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers indicated that copolymers containing identical amounts of vinyl acetate but varying in melt index differed in crystallinity. These results were confirmed by x-ray analysis. The differences in crystallinity were interpreted as showing a variation in the degree of short-chain branching in the polyethylene segments of the copolymer chain. This variation was correlated with the conditions of synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111016
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  • 187
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    Treatment of propellant mechanical property data by reaction rate analysis (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2067-2069 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111022
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  • 188
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    Stress softening in natural rubber vulcanizates. Part V. The anomalous tensile behavior of natural rubberProd. No. 1565 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1825-1834 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Stress-strain cycling of natural rubber to high strains produces greater softening than amorphous rubbers, but only if the force on the sample is relaxed below a certain value during the cycle. This phenomenon, attributed to crystallization shows why nonrelaxing tests give a longer fatigue life than relaxing tests.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111001
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  • 189
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    Delayed yielding of epoxy resin. II. Behavior under constant stressProd. No. 1578 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1863-1880 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep tests were carried out on epoxy resin specimens at room temperature and at different high stress levels under tension, compression, and flexure. Compared with the behavior at constant strain rate (CSR) reported in Part I of this work, creep strain-time curves revealed a distinct delayed yielding region of constant minimum rate (secondary creep) followed by a post-yielding region of increasing slope (tertiary creep). In all cases, results indicate linearity between creep stress and log secondary creep rate, which is almost coincident with the corresponding relationship between yield stress and strain rate obtained in subsequent CSR loading cycles with the same specimens. The similarity in behavior under both the creep and CSR modes conforms to Eyring's theory of non-Newtonian viscous flow at high stress levels and low temperature. Theoretical analysis yields reasonable values of the activation volume, which is unaffected by the loading and test modes or by loading history, and could thus be regarded as an intrinsic parameter of the microstructure, inherently related to the viscoplastic process involved. The above considerations indicate a deviatoric stress-biased diffusional mechanism as the predominant factor in the yielding of an amorphous glassy epoxy system.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111005
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  • 190
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    Regulation of molecular weight of styrene-butadiene rubber. III. Choice of regulator from the homologous series of aliphatic mercaptansProd. No. 1586 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1903-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The regulating efficiency of four aliphatic mercaptans was studied in emulsion copolymerization of butadiene with styrene, at +5°C. with the use of the redox system, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide-complexed ferrous iron-sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate as an initiator and the sodium soap of disproportionated rosin as an emulsifier. The apparent transfer constants C of tertiary mercaptans decreased logarithmically with increasing length of molecule. This tendency is connected with the analogous dependency of solubilities of these compounds in water. The mercaptans did not affect the rate of polymerization. The value of C is independent of the amount of regulator used. With the value of C, the amount of regulator, and the conversion known, it is possible to predict the molecular weight of the polymers, except for the region of poor regulation, where the deteriorative influence of termination and crosslinking reactions takes place. The apparent transfer constant of tertiary dodecyl mercaptan decreased with increasing rate of polymerization. After elimination of diffuse processes, the value of the actual relative transfer constant was calculated. The tertiary dodecyl mercaptan has been selected as the most convenient molecular weight regulator for emulsion copolymerization of butadiene with styrene of all compounds studied for the system mentioned.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111008
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  • 191
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    Thermal behavior of dimethyl-m-carboranyl-dimethylsiloxane copolymersPaper presented at the American Chemical Society Regional Meeting, Louisville, Kentucky, October 27-29, 1966.Prod. No. 1599 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1979-1990 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The manner in which a series of silcarboranylene-siloxane polymers behave in air at elevated temperatures was investigated by thermogravimetric, isothermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses techniques. Results indicate that methyl pendant groups on the polymers undergo thermal and oxidative degradations at temperatures under 600°C. Final weight losses of the polymers, however, are significantly lower than that shown by dimethylsiloxanes. The reduced volatility is attributed to the inhibition of thermooxidation by the m-carboranylene group in the polymer molecules. This protective influence decreases apparently as the distance between the carborane nucleus and the methyl groups increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111014
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  • 192
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    Bis[4(1-methyl-1,2-epoxyethyl)] derivatives of phenyl ether, 1,4-diphenoxybenzene, and bis(4-phenoxyphenyl) etherProd. No. 1615 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2029-2036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The syntheses of three new α-methyl-substituted bis(epoxyethyl) derivatives of phenyl ether, 1,4-diphenoxybenzene, and bis(4-phenoxyphenyl) ether are reported. Improved procedures for preparing 1,4-diphenoxybenzene and bis(4-phenoxyphenyl) ether by the Ullmann method are described. Infrared spectral data for the bisepoxides and their precursors are given, as are some reactions of the bisepoxides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111019
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  • 193
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    Selection of proper mounting media for examining heterogeneous copolymers with the phase microscopeProd. No. 1617 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A technique for examining heterogeneous copolymers with the phase microscope is described. This method is based on the use of a mounting medium that displays selective solubility toward the constituent materials, thereby masking one or more phases in order to provide suitable phase contrast and isolation of the constituent to be examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111020
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  • 194
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    Density-dose behavior of irradiated polytetrafluoroethyleneProd. No. 1472 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 341-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The nature of the room temperature density-dose relationships in polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) have been studied over the dose range of 104 to 109 rads. Under various conditions, samples of PTFE were irradiated in combinations of neutron and gamma (reactor and 60Co) radiation fields resulting in density increases up to approximately 5%. For the dose range 105 to 108 rads, the increase in density measured at 0°C. is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the radiation dose. For doses less than about 105 rads, the increase in density appears to be directly proportional to the dose, while above 108 rads the density reaches a maximum and then begins to decrease. By examining the changes in slope and displacement of the curves which occur under various conditions, several effects are discernible. Compared to the effects of γ-rays alone, the density increase per dose in the 105 to 108 rad region is lower for cases where both neutrons and γ-rays are present in the radiation field. This may suggest that competing processes are involved in producing density changes. The discernible difference between effects of γ-radiation and reactor radiation appears to be unique in polymers. The ambient temperature during irradiation and the post-irradiation heat treatment of the specimens affect the changes in density. For dose rates over the range 0.1 × 106 to 13 × 106 rads/hr., no dose rate effects have thus far been observed. The feasibility of using PTFE for some types of radiation dosimetry has been demonstrated, and its possible usefulness is being investigated.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110303
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  • 195
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    Programmed polymer light-scattering data (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2159-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An ALGOL computer program has been devised to manipulate light-scattering data from the Brice-Phoenix photometer. The input consist of experimental values of the galvanometer deflections and filter factors used for each concentration c and angle of measurement θ. These are transformed to the appropriate variables in the fundamental equation including the particle scattering factor, viz: c/Qθ = (W/K*)M̄w-1[1 + (16/3) × π2n12λ〈S2〉 sin2 (θ/2)] + (W/K*)2A2c + (W/K*)3A3c2 in which Qθ is a corrected from of the Rayleigh ratio and (W/K*) is a composite constant term for the instrument and polymer-solvent system. By writing X̄ij for the variable c/Qθ at θi and cj, a function X is found by least squares to fit X̄ij, thus X = l + m sin (θ/2) + ncj + bcj2. The equations arising from minimizing ΣiK=1 ΣjL=1 (Xij - X̄ij)2 are solved by the computer to yield the best-fitting coefficients l, m, n, and b. These can then be related simply to the molecular weight, root-mean-square radius of gyration, second and third virial coefficients, respectively. The final portion of the program is designed to check the fit of these coefficients. It yields a table of the differences between all experimental c/Qθ values and the coressponding ones obtained by inserting the derived l, m, n, and b into the fundamental equation. The procedure has been tested satisfactorily by using a well-standardized sample of polystyrene in toluene at 30°C. and a wavelength of 436 mμ.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111107
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  • 196
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    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part V. Determination of degree of chemical crosslinking of natural rubber gum vulcanizate networks (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2215-2226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A general treatment is given of the methods to be used in other parts of this series for calculating the degree of chemical crosslinking in natural rubber vulcanizates from stress-strain measurements in extension and from equilibrium volume swelling measurements. Corrections are required for the presence in the vulcanizate of appreciable quantities of particulate solids or soluble diluents and for the introduction of foreign atoms into the rubber network. For this purpose distinction is made between the rubber vulcanizate, the rubber matrix, the rubber network, and the rubber hydrocarbon component of the network. Expressions are derived, in terms of these concepts, for the Money-Rivlin parameter, C1, measured on vulcanizates which have undergone various treatments.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111111
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  • 197
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    Effect of temperature on the permeation of water through propylene glycol monoacrylate hydrogelProd. No. 1467 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 407-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transparent propylene glycol monoacrylate (PGMA) hydrogels become reversibly opaque when the temperature is rapidly increased to above 30°C. Water permeation, driven by a hydrostatic pressure difference through three PGMA membranes differing in water content and thickness was determined at several temperatures. At room temperature, the permeability to water is relatively low (less than 10 × 10-16 cm.2) and is dominated by a diffusion mechanism. When the temperature is suddenly increased, the water permeation rises quickly (up to fifteen times or more depending on the temperature), and viscous flow predominates over diffusive flow. The rapid flow slows down after some time at the same temperature, or on lowering the temperature, and may be interpreted as caused mainly by the reversible transformation of the membrane from the heterogeneous to the homogeneous form. When the temperature is increased gradually, the permeability of the membrane is in the same order of magnitude as that found at room temperature, because no phase separation occurs. The permeation of water decreased in successive measurements made under the same pressure gradient. An increase of the pressure difference also resulted in decreased permeation, indicating that water was pressed out of the gel. Dehydration of the gel caused by increases in temperature (exothermic swelling) and in pressure and changes in the viscosity of water with temperature are some of the factors which are considered in the interpretation of the results.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110308
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  • 198
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    Effect of molecular weight distribution on viscosity of polymeric fluidsProd. No. 1468 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 417-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bueche's theory is modified to account for the effect of polydispersity on viscosity of polymeric fluids. Results indicate that the ratio of weight-average to number-average molecular weight, 〈Mw/Mn〉, though a common measure of polydispersity, is insufficient to account completely for the effect of polydispersity on viscosity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110309
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  • 199
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    Practical evaluation of the [η]-M relationship (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 473-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110314
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  • 200
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    Colloidal macromolecular phenomena. Part II. Novel microcrystals of polymersProd. No. 1482 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 481-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Colloidal microcrystalline cellulose, introduced in 1961, now is a successful commercial product with growing world-wide markets. This paper describes some major findings of our continuing research to convert fibrous or fiber-forming polymer systems into new colloidal microcrystalline physical states without going through a homogeneous molecular solution phase. Several novel microcrystalline colloidal products from the following natural and/or synthetic polymeric raw materials are described and compared for the first time: cellulose, amylose, collagen, nylon, and chrysotile mineral silicates. Many previously unpublished electron micrographs are presented. These products demonstrate a new and growing field of colloidal microcrystalline polymer science. They open up increasing opportunities for new polymer products based on the original concept, namely, the unhinging of polymer microcrystals from their natural or synthetic network and then by appropriate mechanical energy, releasing them as discrete, submicron colloidal polymer microcrystals dispersed in various liquid media to form unique gel systems, or reaggregated in the dry state to form porous colloidal particles.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110401
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