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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (400)
  • 1970  (400)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (346)
  • Engineering  (54)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989
  • 1970-1974  (400)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 383-393 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass spectrometric examination of five homoannularly chlorinated ferrocenes of the general formula (C5H(5-n))Fe(C5H5) where n = 1 to 5 (Series 1), and five heteroannularly chlorinated ferrocenes of the general formula (C5H(5-n)Cln)2Fe where n = 1 to 5 (Series 2) has been made. This study affords the first look at the mass spectral results of incremental additions of the same substituent up to the ultimate replacement of all hydrogens in the ferrocene molecule. The molecular ion is the most intense peak in both series. The primary fragmentation processes are, for Series 1: [M - FeCl2], [M - C5H(5-n)Cln], [M - C5H5] and [M - HCl]; and for series 2: [M - FeCl2] and [M - C5H(5-n)Cln]. The [M - FeCl2]+. peak is speculatively attributed to a fulvalene derivative. A heteroannular pathway is proposed for HCl elimination. Significant [Fe]+. and [FeCl]+ peaks occur in all compounds. In all compounds having three or more hydrogens on one ring, a peak due to [C3H3]+ is seen. Metastable studies, precise mass measurements and isotopic abundance ratios of chlorine were used to confirm many of the fragmentation processes.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 441-451 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (I) and its nickel complex (III) and of N,N′-bis(salicylidene)isobutylenediamine (II) and its nickel, cobalt, copper and palladium complexes (IV to VII) have been investigated. The metal chelates' spectra are marked by intense molecular ions and a general paucity of metal-free ions, though chelates of the more readily reducible metals (Cu, Pd) show more ligand ions. In general, the principal fragmentations are the same for both chelates and ligands, but some specific fragmentations are found for individual chelates.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 453-460 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A computer-searchable library of mass spectrometric literature references based on the information compiled in the Mass Spectrometry BulletinPublished by the Mass Spectrometry Data Centre, AWRE, Adlermaston, Berkshire, England. has been developed in this laboratory. The algorithms in use allow searching of the available mass spectrometric literature by two different methods. The first method enables search for specific literature references by subject classification, author and elements or any combination of these. The second method allows search for compounds described in the literature by compound type, elemental composition and molecular weight. Any combination of these parameters in specified ranges can be implemented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The computer program DENDRAL has been modified so as to include cyclic structures for the first time. As a result a list of all the possible isomers (linear and cyclic) of selected compositions can now be generated. The number of cyclic structures exceeds that of the linear molecules for a given composition. A method, based on their physical properties (i.r., n.m.r. and mass spectra), for the identification of each of the 27 possible ketones (exclusive of 5 cyclopropanones) of composition C6H10O is described.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 555-561 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation patterns were obtained by electron-impact on 6-acetamido-, 6-amino-, 6-bromo-, 6-chloro-, 6-methoxy-, 6-methyl-, 6-nitro-, 5-carboxy-, 5-iodo-, 5-methoxy- and 5-nitro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acids, as well as 2- and 3-pyridinecarboxylic acids. Most of these acids lost CO2 [M - 44] as their first major fragmentation. This is in direct contrast to the substituted benzoic acids which show loss of OH [M - 17] or CO2H [M - 45] in their first major fragmentation. Our work suggests that the ring nitrogen may determine which pathway predominates. Figures are presented to illustrate the patterns and metastable ions are indicated when found for the transitions discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionization (IP) and appearance potentials (AP) have been secured for apparently competing [M — NO2] cleavage and [M — NO] rearrangement reactions in a series of m-and p-X substituted nitrobenzene molecular ions. Approximate activation energies AP-IP were within the experimental reproducibility for most substituents for the [M — NO2] reaction of m-and p-X isomer pairs of compounds, but outside it for the [M — NO] process. This is interpreted as either effective substituent randomization in the reacting molecular ions or as fortuitously similar activation energies for the [M — NO2] cleavage. Assuming the latter, AP-IP for both reactions gave acceptably linear correlations of negative slope when plotted against σ or σ+, which has been interpreted mechanistically in terms of a degree of positive charge dissipation in the rate limiting transition states. These findings are in direct contrast to the energetics of the [M — CH3] and [M — CH2O] reactions recently studied in substituted anisoles, where plots of AP-IP vs. σ+ displayed positive slopes. The advantages of AP-IP over peak relative abundance as a mechanistic probe are discussed, and corresponding plots of logZ/Z0 vs. σ(σ+) and log [A0]/[M0] (1 - f) vs. σ(σ+) for the same reactions are presented and discussed. The disadvantages and limitations of IP and AP measurements are also emphasized.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 107
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1349-1350 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 108
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1489-1498 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of indolizine, the seven monomethylindolizines, the six 2,x-di-methylindolizines and a number of related simple indolizines are reported; the breakdown patterns are compared with those of the corresponding indoles.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 109
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1549-1559 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of ten pyrazole compounds have been determined. Fragmentation schemes have been derived by means of the metastable defocusing method. The predominant process is cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond resulting in expulsion of HCN. The process second in prominence is the loss of a nitrogen molecule after initial removal of a hydrogen radical or a substituent, giving the species [C3H2R]+, probably a cyclopropenyl ion. In general, the fragmentation pattern is strongly influenced by the substituent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 110
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 315-323 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty three pyromellitimides are reported and discussed. Proposed ion structures are, in most cases, substantiated by precise mass measurement. All compounds examined exhibit molecular-ions. Ions formed by the loss of carbon dioxide from the molecular-ions, although intense in some cases, are not common to all the spectra.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
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  • 111
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The m/e 226 peak in the mass spectrum of 1,1-dimethyl-2,2-dibenzoylhydrazine is formed by loss of C2H4N from the molecular ion, a process involving concerted transfer of two hydrogen atoms from the same methyl group as an accompaniment to N—N bond fission.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 112
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced fragmentation of eleven substituted benzimidazoline-2-ones, five indazoline-3-ones, and 3-hydroxyindazoles have been studied by conventional mass spectrometry including high resolution mass spectrometry. Although basic fragmentation patterns of these three series of compounds were similar to each other, the substituents on the nucleus were found to alter the fragmentation patterns somewhat.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relatively minor instrumental modifications necessary to allow the operation of a CEC-21-110B mass spectrometer at pressures as high as 0·5 torr are discussed. The chemical ionization mass spectra of a series of substituted benzophenones have been investigated with several reactant gases: methane, ethane, propane and isobutane. The spectra and behavior of these gases are discussed in general and the specific fragmentation processes of these substituted benzophenones with propane are presented in some detail.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 114
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionization and appearance potentials have been determined for apparently competing [M — CH3] cleavage and [M — CH2O] rearrangement reactions in a series of m- and p-X substituted anisoles. Approximate activation energies AP-IP for most substituents are found not to differ by more than approximately 0.20 eV for m- and p-X compounds with the same substituent. This finding implies either common rearranged molecular ions and/or transition states for the [M — CH3] and [M — CH2O] reactions; or simply rather similar activation energies in unrearranged molecular ions. Assuming no rearrangment, we have found plots of AP-IP against σ+ to give reasonable linear correlations of positive slope for both reactions. To account for this, it is suggested that in the activated complexes for both cleavage and rearrangement, an additional degree of positive charge is developed at the reaction site, and concordant mechanisms are proposed. These conclusions have been compared to those obtained by application of peak relative intensity methods such as Z-values and their modifications.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 563-569 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mass spectrometric study of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of a group of amino-hydroxy, dihydroxy and dicarboxydiphenyls has disclosed that these compounds produce a number of intense doubly-charged ions ([M - 30]/2, 5 to 27%), for which the singly-charged ions are low or absent. The derivative of 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl yields five such doubly-charged ions with relative intensities ⋝ 3%. The fragmentation pathways for this compound have been studied by the formation and mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl-d9 derivative.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 116
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 85-93 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metastable transitions in the mass spectra of six fluoroethylenes are reported. In several cases in which HF is the neutral species lost, 0.4 to 0.7 eV of kinetic energy is liberated. In two fragmentations, it is shown that the kinetic energy release is only about half the minimum energy of activation of the back reaction calculated from thermochemical data. Evidence is presented to support the view that in some cases at least, fragmentation occurs from two or more electronic states of the molecular ion.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 117
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 105-118 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of various benzoxazine and benzothiazine hydroxamic acids and related lactams have been recorded and interpreted. Proposed fragmentations have been substantiated by means of deuterium-labeling and accurate mass measurements. Abundant molecular ions were observed in all spectra. The benzoxazine hydroxamic acids fragmented initially by expelling an oxygen atom and a COOH radical from the molecular ion. The corresponding benzothiazine hydroxamic acids lost an oxygen atom and an OH radical, whereas their 1,1-dioxides decomposed by losing an oxygen atom and a ketene or substituted ketene molecule. The expulsion of CO, HCN, CS and SO2 molecules, as well as alkyl and NO radicals were common subsequent fragmentations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 141-143 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of the styrene type methines of tetrahydroberberrubine, tetrahydrothalifendine, tetrahydroberberine and 1-methoxycanadine exhibit structurally characteristic fragmentation patterns.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 120
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectra of ten symmetrical ∊-diketones are reported and a number of fragmentation patterns are documented by deuterium labelling experiments. The McLafferty rearrangement involving one of the carbonyl groups is not an important fragmentation pathway although such a double rearrangement is observed for long-chained ∊-diketones. Special attention has been given to the ions resulting from the loss of either a molecule of water or the neutral species C2H4 which may involve an electron-impact induced formation of cyclobutanol-type ions analogous to the photochemical Yang's reaction.
    Notes: La dégradation induite par bombardement électronique de dix dicétones-∊ symétriques a été investiguée; une rationalisation des mécanismes de fragmentation, confirmée par deutération, a pu étre proposée pour expliquer les dégradations observées. La transposition de McLafferty ne représente pas, ici, l'une des principales fragmentations bien qu'une double transposition de ce type soit présente pour les composés à chaíne longue. Une attention particuliére a été prétée aux ions résultant de la perte d'eau et de la perte d'dne molécule d'ethyléne à partir de l'ion moléculaire, pertes qui font intervenir un intermédiaire du type cyclobutanol comme dans le cas des photoisomérisations de ces composés.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 817-820 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 123
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. i 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 124
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation behavior of N-phenyliminotriphenylphosphorane has been studied by examining the mass spectra of the title compound and eight of its substituent-labeled derivatives. These compounds were found to be quite stable to electron-impact, exhibiting strong molecular ions (base peak) and little fragmentation. The majority of the cleavage products are analogous to those observed with triphenylphosphonium ylids, the [M - H] fragment ion being usually very intense.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 97-107 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of benzoic acid and its carboxyl-deuterated derivative have been studied in detail. Molecular and fragment ion structures are proposed and the role of ortho hydrogen atoms in rearrangements is discussed. The behaviour under electron-impact of phthalaldehydic acid and its carboxyl deuterated derivative provides evidence in support of ion structures in the benzoic acid fragmentation. From these results the fragmentation mechanism for phthalic acid is further elucidated. The mass spectrum and fragmentation mechanism of thiobenzoic acid is described and compared with that of benzoic acid.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 126
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Geometric and positional isomers of the Δ2-oxazoline ring system have been characterized by their mass spectral fragmentation patterns. The composition of the major ions in the spectra have been determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. A fragmentation pathway for the formation of these ions is presented.
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  • 127
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 175-180 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the destruxins, insecticidal cyclodepsipeptides, were examined. The major ion peaks at [M - 57], [M - 85], [M - 142] and [M - 170] observed in the spectra were proved to be characteristic of the presence of the N-methylvalyl-N-methylalanyl moiety in the ring structure. The amino acid sequence in the destruxins was confirmed through the analyses of the mass spectra of their open-chain derivatives.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of some alkyl, aryl and acyl benzotriazoles are reported and discussed on the basis of their thermolytic and photolytic fragmentation products. All benzotriazoles so far studied lose a molecule of nitrogen to give the intermediate radical cations upon electron-impact. Subsequently cyclization and a hydrogen migration lead them to the molecular ions of thermolytic and photolytic fragmentation products. A general rule for predicting the possibility of 1-3 hydrogen migration, based on a knowledge of the electronic state of the radical cation is proposed.
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There has been much interest recently in both electron-impact induced remote functional group interaction and migration of the trimethylsilyl moiety. The title compound illustrates these phenomena, showing an important (at 12 eV) peak at mass 179 which incorporates both functionalities. Moreover, the cis and trans stereoisomers show a marked difference in the relative intensity (Rel. int.) of this peak, indicating that stereochemical integrity is maintained after initial ionization. The origin of all characteristic peaks has been demonstrated using specifically labeled isotopic analogs, high resolution measurements and metastable defocusing.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 130
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 343-352 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A series of 6-β substituted derivatives of α and β 3-fluoro 17β-hydroxy (or acetoxy)-5(10) estrene were studied by mass spectrography. The influence of the substitution as also the stereochemistry of fluorine were discussed.
    Notes: Une série de dérivés substitués en 6β des fluoro-3α et β hydroxy ou acétoxy-17β estrénes-5(10) a été étudiée par spéctrographie de masse. L'influence de la substitution ainsi que la stéréochimie du fluor ont été discutées.
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  • 131
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 365-372 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of nitraminopyridines can be obtained by careful introduction of the sample direct to the ion source. Electron-impact fragmentation of the molecular ion is largely by expulsion of nitrogen dioxide. Introduction of samples through a heated glass inlet results in extensive pyrolysis with formation of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and ions corresponding to an aminopyridine. In addition, the 2-nitraminopyridines give strong ions for the corresponding pyridones and ions at high mass resulting from an undefined bimolecular reaction.Similarly in the direct inlet spectrum of N-methyl-2-nitriminopyridine loss of nitrogen dioxide is the only significant reaction of the parent ion but the heated inlet causes extensive pyrolysis. This is largely restricted to expulsion of nitrous oxide with formation of N-methylpyridone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 132
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 425-439 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: More than 1700 metastable transitions observed in the mass spectra of 70n-Paraffins, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-methylparaffins are discussed. The alkanes had up to 24C-atoms. The fragmentation mechanism resulting from the metastable transitions is described.
    Notes: In den Massenspektren von 70n-Paraffinen, 2-, 3-, 4- und 5-Methylparaffinen wurden mehr als 1700 metastabile Übergänge beobachtet. Die Alkane hatten bis zu 24 C-Atome. Die metastabilen Übergänge werden diskutiert und der daraus folgende Zerfallsmechanismus wird beschrieben.
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  • 133
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 461-474 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Twelve substituted cyclic polyfluorinated alkenyl alcohols are synthesized and studied by mass spectrometry. Their characteristic fragmentation modes are discussed. The consecutive eliminations of HF and CO are dominant features in these spectra.
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  • 134
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 503-512 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Five phenarsazine derivatives with arsenic in the trivalent state and the pentavalent state are studied by mass spectrometry. Their characteristic fragmentation modes and the fragment ions with common structures are discussed. Experimental results show that the pyrolytic decompositions of the phenarsazine derivatives are closely parallel to the unimolecular ion fragmentation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 135
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoionization of a series of tricyclic geometric isomers has been studied at 1216 Å and 584 Å in a high resolution mass spectrometer. The fragmentations are discussed in terms of the molecular geometry and non-bonded steric interactions. Ionization potentials of all isomers are determined by electron-impact.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 136
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 607-614 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of some new alkaloids extracted from Cissampelos ovalifolia are discussed. The compounds are shown to be tertiary bis-benzyl isoquinoline bases of an unusual type possessing a p-xylyl moiety. Some information about the relative positions of hydroxyl and methoxyl substituents in the macrocyclic ring system is also obtained.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 137
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation of 4-deoxy-α-L-threo-4-enohexopyranosyluronic acid (1 → 3)2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-hexoses was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. The half-chair (H12) conformation was found in the unsaturated uronide moiety and the chair (Cl) conformation in the hexosamine moiety.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 561-568 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Mixtures of the stereoisomeric 2.5- and 2.6- dimethylpiperidines have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding lutidines and the isomers separated by fractional distillation. The two isomeric 3.5-dimethylpiperidines were obtained by a special synthetic procedure. Configurational assignments are made on the basis of 220 MHz NMR spectra (in one case 100 MHz). Almost complete assignments for all ring protons are possible. In addition the 13C spectra of the two isomeric 3.5-dimethylpiperidines are reported. The proton spectra of all 12 dimethylpiperidines are discussed in detail, especially with respect to the shielding effects of methyl groups on adjacent ring protons.
    Notes: Die Gemische der stereoisomeren 2.5- und 2.6- Dimethylpiperidine wurden durch katalytische Hydrierung der entsprechenden Lutidine hergestellt und die einzelnen Isomeren durch fraktionierte Destillation getrennt; die beiden isomeren 3.5-Dimethylpiperidine wurden nach einem speziellen Verfahren hergestellt. Die Konfigurationszuordnung erfolgt durch Analyse der 220 MHz (in einem Fall 100 MHz) Spektren. Alle Protonen des Piperidinringes können weitgehend zugeordnet werden. Ausserdem wird über die 13C-Spektren der beiden isomeren 3.5-Dimethylpiperidine berichtet. Die Protonenspektren aller 12 möglichen Dimethylpiperidine werden eingehend, speziell im Hinblick auf die abschirmende Wirkung der Methylgruppen auf benachbarte Ringprotonen, diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 139
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The conformational equilibria and conversions of 4.5.6-trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptene-(1) (1) and the 3′.6′-dimethoxy-, 3′.6′-dimethyl- and 3′.6′-diphenyl- derivatives (2, 3 and 4) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Solutions of these substances are equilibrium mixtures of two conformers, one presumably having a chair form and the other a boat form. The free enthalpy of the boat conformer ΔGB is dependent on the size of the substituents (R) in the 3′ and 6′ positions. The ΔGB values for R = H, OCH3, C6H5 and CH3 are 1,03, 0,82, 0,50 and -0,19 kcal/moles, respectively. By slow crystallization one conformer of the substituted trithiabenzocycloheptenes may be obtained in a pure crystalline form. The dimethoxy derivative crystallizes in the chair form, whereas the dimethyl and the diphenyl derivatives crystallize in the boat form. After dissolving the crystals, the conformational equilibrium is restored; at 0°C the half-lifes range from 2 to 15 minutes. By means of the temperature dependence of the NMR spectra two different types of conformational changes may be distinguished experimentally: the slower one is assigned to the inversion of the seven membered ring and the faster one to its pseudorotation. The free enthalpy of activation ΔGv≠ of the inversion was determined for 4.5.6-trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptene-(1) by the ‘line-shape’ method and for the diphenyl derivative by the ‘equilibration’ method. Both methods were applied to the other derivatives. The ΔGv≠ values obtained by the two different methods agree well with one another. The free enthalpy of activation of the inversion ΔGv≠ and of the pseudorotation ΔGp≠ both depend on the nature of the substituents. The ΔGv≠ values range from 17,9 to 20,5 kcal/mole and the ΔGp≠ values are equal to or lower than 11,4 kcal/mole.
    Notes: Die Konformerengleichgewichte und die konformativen Umwandlungsprozesse des 4.5.6-Trithia-1,2-benzocycloheptens-(1) (1) sowie seiner 3′.6′-Dimethoxy-, 3′.6′-Dimethyl- und 3′.6′-Diphenyl- derivate (2, 3 und 4) wurden PR-spektroskopisch untersucht. Die Lösungen dieser Substanzen sind Gleichgewichtsgemische zweier Konformerer, von denen das eine vermutlich Sesselform, das andere Wannenform hat. Der Wert der freien Konformationsenthalpie ΔGw des Wannenkonformeren ist abhängig von der Größe der Substituenten R in 3′- und 6′-Stellung. ΔGw beträgt für R = H 1,03 kcal/Mol, R = OCH3 0,82 kcal/Mol, R = C6H5 0,50 kcal/Mol und R = CH3 -0,19 kcal/Mol. Durch Kristallisation bei +60° kann im Falle der substituierten Trithiabenzocycloheptene jeweils ein reines Konformeres in kristalliner Form erhalten werden. Beim Dimethoxyderivat kristallisiert das Sesselkonformere, beim Dimethyl- und dem Diphenylderivat das Wannenkonformere aus. Nach Auflösen der Kristalle erfolgt Einstellung des Konformerengleichgewichts; bei 0°C betragen die Halbwertszeiten 2 bis 15 Minuten. Anhand der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Protonenresonanzen kann experimentell zwischen zwei verschiedenen konformativen Umwandlungsprozessen unterschieden werden: Der langsamere Prozess wird der Version, der schnellere der Pseudorotation des Siebenringes zugeordnet. Die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔGv≠ der Version wurde im Falle des 4.5.6-Trithia-1.2-benzocycloheptens-(1) nach der ‘line-shape’-Methode, im Falle des Diphenylderivates nach der ‘Äquilibrierungs’-Methode bestimmt. Die beiden anderen Verbindungen wurden mit beiden Methoden untersucht. Die mit den verschiedenen Methoden bestimmten ΔGv≠-Werte stimmen gut überein. Die freie Aktivierungsenthalpie der Version ΔGv≠ unmd diejenige der Pseudorotation ΔGP≠-Werte ≤ 11,4 kcal/Mol.
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  • 140
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 613-618 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectrum of naphthalene has been completely analyzed as an eight-spin system for the first time. It was found that inter-ring long-range couplings exist between all combinations of the α and β protons on adjacent rings. The signs and magnitudes of the coupling values have been determined and compared to couplings reported in the literature for other polynuclear compounds.
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  • 141
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 142
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NMR spectroscopy has been used to investigate the ring inversions of the unsaturated seven membered ring system in a total of 20 benzocycloheptene derivatives with 1, 2 and 3 pairs of geminal substituents. For all compounds the inversion of the ring at - 80°C is ‘frozen’ and at this temperature only one conformation is present in detectable quantity, presumably that of the chair form.The free activation enthalpies ΔG≠ for the chair inversions lie between 9·9 and 13·7 kcal/mole. For disubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzocycloheptenes the ΔG≠ values vary according to the positions of the ligands: for disubstituted derivatives ΔG≠ is largest for the 5-position and smallest for the 3-position. For the tetrasubstituted derivatives the inversion of the ring - compared to that in the comparable dimethyl derivatives - is made more difficult when the ligands are in the 3,6- or 3,7- positions, but is facilitated when in the 3,5- or 4,6- positions. The effect observed in the 3,5- and 4,6- substituted rings is due to transanular repulsion of synaxial substituents, which leads to a flattening of the ring. Such a repulsion does not occur when the ligands are in the 3,6- positions. On the other hand, when the ligands are in 3,7- positions the transanular repulsion leads to a stronger puckering of the chair; the inversion could be hindered by this.For benzocycloheptene the activation energies for the inversions between chair, boat and twist (S, W, T) conformations were determined from model calculations. The best route for the inversion of the chair is the version way S → W via the transitional conformation V45 and V56. The calculated activation energy for this (14·6 kcal/mole) agrees well with the experimentally determined value (13 ± 1·5 kcal/mole). For the pseudorotation W → T a slightly lower calculated value of 11·1 kcal/mole was found.
    Notes: Bei insgesamt 20 Benzocycloheptenderivaten mit 1, 2 und 3 Paaren geminaler Substituenten wurden die konformativen Umwandlungen des ungesättigten Siebenringes PR-spektroskopisch untersucht.Bei allen Verbindungen ist das Umklappen des Ringes bei - 80°C ‘eingefroren.’ In nachweisbarer Menge liegt bei dieser Temperatur in allen Fällen nur ein Konformeres vor, vermutlich dasjenige mit der Sesselform des Siebenringes.Die Werte der freien Aktivierungsenthalpie ΔG≠ der Sesselinversion liegen zwischen 9,9 und 13,7 kcal/Mol. Bei di- und tetrasubstituierten Benzocycloheptenen hängt der ΔG≠-Wert von der Stellung der Liganden ab: Bei den disubstituierten Derivaten ist ΔG≠ am größten bei 5- Stellung und am kleinsten bei 3- Stellung der Substituenten. Bei den tetrasubstituierten Derivaten ist das Umklappen des Ringes im Verhältnis zu den vergleichbaren Dimethylverbindungen erschwert, wenn die Ligandenpaare in 3,6- oder 3,7- Stellung stehen, jedoch erleichtert, wenn sie in 3,5- oder 4,6- Stellung angeordnet sind. Der bei 3,5- bzw. 4,6- Stellung der Ligandenpaare beobachtete Effekt wird auf die transanulare Abstoßung synaxialer Substituenten zurückgeführt, durch die der Cycloheptensessel abgeflacht wird. Eine solche Abstoßung fehlt bei 3,6-Stellung der Liganden. Bei den Verbindungen mit 3,7-ständigen Liganden führt die trans-anulare Abstoßung hingegen zu stärkerer Wellung (puckering) des Sessels; das Umklappen könnte dadurch erschwert sein.Für Benzocyclohepten wurden die für die gegenseitige Umwandlung von Sessel-, Wannen- und Twist-Konformeren (S, W und T) erforderlichen Werte der Aktivierungsenergie durch Modellrechnungen ermittelt. Günstigster Weg für das Umklappen des Sessels ist der Versionsweg S→W über die Übeergangskonformationen V56. Die hierfür berechnete Aktivierungsenergie (14,6 kcal/Mol) stimmt mit der experimentell ermittelten (13 ± 1,5 kcal/Mol) gut überein. Für die Aktivierungsenergie der Pseudorotation W → T wurde mit 11,1 kcal/Mol ein nur wenig neidrigerer Wert berechnet.
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  • 143
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 49-53 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic non-equivalence of methylenic protons in compounds of the type HO2CCH2SR′ and RO2CCH2SR′ were studies and the influence of substitution discussed. Furthermore, it was found that the methylene geminal coupling constant, JAB, is almost independent of the constitution of the compounds and the solvents used. A variation of the magnetic non-equivalence, Δv, of the methylenic protons with the constitution of the compounds and the solvents used is, however, observed.
    Notes: Die magnetische Nichtäquivalenz der Methylenprotonen in den Verbindungen HO2CCH2SR′ und RO2CCH2SR′ wurde untersucht und die Einwirkung der Substituenten auf die geminalen Kopplungskonstanten JAB diskitiert. Es zeigte sich, dass die geminalen Kopplungskonstanten der Methylenprotonen fast unabhängig von der Konstitution der Verbindugen und den verwendeten Lösungsmitteln waren. Die magnetische Nichtäquivalenz der Methylenprotonen war sowohl von der Konstitution wie vom Lösungsmittel abhängig.
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  • 144
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 63-69 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An approximate procedure for the calculation of diamagnetic shielding in molecules is presented. The method proposed is based on the ‘complete neglect of differential overlap’ (CNDO) molecular wave functions and is formulated according to the zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation. The results obtained with several CNDO-type wave functions for diatomic and polyatomic molecules are in very good agreement with non-empirical SCF calculations. The 14N diamagnetic shielding constants in several molecules were computed and some approximations usually adopted in the interpretation of 14N chemical shifts are critically discussed. It was shown that in some cases the observed 14N chemical shifts cannot be interpreted solely in terms of the paramagnetic contribution to the shielding constant.
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  • 145
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 79-79 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 147
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 227-228 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 148
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 229-230 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970) 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 150
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 231-231 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 151
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Some 5-alkylidene 2-alkyl 1,3-dioxans have been studied by NMR. Analysis of the spectra leads to the conclusion that these derivatives are predominantly in the chair form, the alkyl substituent on carbon 2 being in the equatorial position. In the case of 5-alkylidene 1,3 dioxans unsubstituted at carbon 2, there is a rapid ring inversion with a very low energy barrier.
    Notes: Un certain nombre d'alcoylidène-5 alcoyl-2 dioxannes-1,3 ont été étudiés par RMN. L'analyse des spectres permet de conclure à une conformation chaise prédominante de ces dérivés, le substituant alcoyle sur carbone 2 se plaçant en position équatorial. Pour les alcoylidène-5 dioxannes-1,3 non substitués sur carbone 2 il y a inversion rapide du cycle avec une barrière énergétique extrěmement faible.
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  • 152
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 233-244 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 19F NMR spectra of the cis- (1) and the trans-isomer (2) of the 1,2-dichlorotetrafluorocyclopropane and that of the 1,1-dichlorotetrafluorocyclopropane (3) have been investigated at different temperatures and in several solvents. From chemical shift calculations the two geminal fluorines in the cis-isomer (1) could be assigned and on this basis the two vicinal coupling constants of 1, Jtrans (ca. 140°) and Jcis (ca. 0°), were unequivocally distinguished. By frequency sweep double resonance Jtrans has been shown to be of opposite sign to Jgem, whereas for Jcis the situation has been found to be reversed. Therefore Jtrans is presumably negative and Jcis positive. Only the N(Jcis + Jtrans) value could be extracted from the vicinal coupling constant in the fragment —CFCl—CFCl— could be evaluated. It has been noted that Jcis is more sensitive to changes in temperature than is Jtrans. The variations of Jcis and Jtrans induced by solvents are, on the contrary, small and irregular and no correlation with the dielectric constant of the medium has been noted. The different temperature dependence of Jcis and Jtrans can be useful for assigning the vicinal F—F coupling constants in cyclopropane derivatives and also for defining their signs. This method was applied to the coupling constants extracted from the 13C satellite spectrum of isomer 3. The coupling constants results were compared with some literature data already known, and some rationalisation and correlations from the trends was attempted.
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  • 153
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    Organic Magnetic Resonance 2 (1970), S. 251-257 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A useful method for the assignment of hydroxyl groups in steroids is described in which hydroxy-steroids are reacted with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The δ-values of the CF3 signals from the resulting trifluoroacetates characterize the positions of the trifluoroacetylated hydroxyl groups.
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  • 154
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 31-43 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of eleven diazoketones have been obtained. High resolution mass measurements of selected ions have shown initial loss of nitrogen followed by loss of carbon monoxide. In many of the spectra, flat-topped metastables were observed.
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  • 155
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 144-144 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 156
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 163-169 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the dimethyl and diethyl esters of phosphonic, phosphorochloridic and phosphorochloridothioic acid have been obtained, and the main paths of decomposition of their positiveions have been compared. Losses of formaldehyde occur from positive ions of all the methyl esters. Losses of C2H3· radicals occur consistently from the positive ions of the ethyl esters, but diethyl phosphorochloridothioate differs in showing a principal decomposition path involving initial loss of acetaldehyde. Other details are discussed.
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  • 157
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 241-242 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Migration of the ethynyl group, from sulfur to oxygen in acetylenic sulfoxides and sulfones leads to several documented examples of carbon-oxygen bond forming rearrangement reactions.
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  • 158
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of m/e 165 in the spectrum of benzyl phenyl ketoxime involves the intermediacy of a rearranged 2,3-diphenyl-2-H-azirine radical ion. 2H and 13C labelling of the ketoxime together with 2H labelling of the azirine has allowed certain proposals to be made concerning the complex processes producing m/e 165 in both spectra. The mode of formation of m/e 167 in the spectrum of benzyl phenyl ketoxime has also been studied.
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  • 159
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 963-965 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 161
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In view of the current interest in the electron-impact induced rearrangements of both trimethylsilyl derivatives and bifunctionalized cyclohexanes, the mass spectral properties of several alkoxycyclohexanol trimethylsilyl ethers and alkoxycyclohexyl trimethylsilanes have been investigated. Using deuterium labeling, the basic fragmentation modes incurred upon electron-impact of ethanol trimethylsilyl ether were elucidated. The major peaks in the spectrum of this simple ether occur also in those of the title compounds, the latter fragments having been formed by interaction of the two functional groups. Thus the initial rearrangement ion of mass 103 (e) from electron bombardment of 4-ethoxycyclohexanol trimethylsilyl ether and 2-ethoxycyclohexyl trimethylsilane corresponds to the [M — CH3] ion from ethanol trimethylsilyl ether. Its further fragmentation has been studied using high resolution and metastable ion measurements, and the scope of the interaction between the alkoxy and trimethylsilyl groups, when silicon is attached both to oxygen and to carbon, has been determined. In addition, the origin of every ‘characteristic’ fragment ion has been elucidated on the basis of each corresponding peak in the spectra of several derivatives labeled specifically with deuterium. Peaks derived from initial ionization of both functionalities in each compound have been observed, although the majority of ions in the spectra of both series seem to be directed by fragmentations associated with the trimethylsilyl ether moiety.
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  • 162
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 661-668 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transition, [C12H10]+3→[C11H7]+2 + [CH3]+, has been detected both in the ion kinetic energy spectrum and in the mass spectrum of biphenyl. The width of a resulting ‘metastable peak’ has been measured by setting the magnetic field to accept [C11H7]+2 ions and scanning the high voltage at fixed electric sector voltage. The kinetic energy released in the decomposition, calculated from the peak width, amounted to 4.5 eV. With the assumption that this energy release is due entirely to charge separation, the charge distribution in [C12H10]+3 is discussed. The derivation of the equations used to calculate the energy released is given in the Appendix.
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  • 163
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1095-1096 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron-impact induced retro-Diels-Alder reaction of 5- and 6-substituted tetralins has been examined. Most electron-donating groups at C-5 retard the fragmentation relative to tetralin; whereas, electron-withdrawing groups slightly increase the fragmentation.
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  • 164
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1099-1116 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of methyl 3-, 4- and 5-phenyl pentanoates, and all the straight-chain methyl phenylnonanoates have been recorded. The major fragmentation patterns have been discussed; when the phenyl group is non-terminal, cleavage was observed at the branching position. It is shown that a mixture of methyl 3-, 4- and 5-phenylpentanoates may be analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively by mass spectrometry; in a methyl phenylnonanoate mixture a similar analysis is possible with the exception of the 8- and 9-phenyl isomers.
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  • 165
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Apparently competing cleavage and rearrangement reactions in a series of molecular ions have been studied by ionization and appearance potential methods, and by determination of the electron energy dependence of both normal and metastable daughter ion peak intensities. The processes investigated were (i) [M — CH3] vs. [M — CH2O] in anisole; (ii) [M — OC6H5] vs. [M — CO] in phenyl ether; (iii) [M — NO2] vs. [M — NO] in nitrobenzene; (iv) [M — C3H7] vs. [M — C2H4] in butyrophenone: (v) [M — C3H7] vs. [M — C3H6] in n-butylbenzene; (vi) [M — CH2OH] vs. [M — CH2O] in 2-phenylethanol; (vii) [M — CH3CO2] vs. [M — CH2CO] in benzyl acetate; and (viii) [M — C4H9O] vs. [M — C4H7] in n-butylbenzoate. The results are interpreted in terms of k vs. E curves with very different frequency factors for the two reaction types. Appearance potentials of metastable ions for the rearrangement reactions have also been measured.
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  • 166
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  • 167
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  • 168
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 875-877 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent publications1,2 concerning the mechanism for the electron-impact induced loss of carbon monoxide from the molecular ion of thionylaniline have led to an examination of thionylaniline-1-13C. The results show that the C-1 carbon atom is not lost in this process, but only suggest the loss of the C-2 carbon atom.
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  • 169
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 969-969 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 170
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  • 171
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1519-1522 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several 3,5-diarylisoxazoles are reported. The fragmentation patterns of 3-aryl-5-phenyl- and 5-aryl-3-phenylisoxazoles are very significantly different.
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  • 172
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1359-1364 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular ion of the phenothiaphosphine derivatives is fairly stable. Under electronimpact, the phenothiaphosphines (I) and phenothiaphosphinic acids (IV, R = H) undergo a one-step elimination of the phosphorus atom together with the groups attached to it. Substitutents in the aromatic rings, as well as on the phosphorus, influence the fragmentation pattern; ring methyl, e.g. leads to tropylium structures. Phosphine oxides of type V lose RO·, probably after a rearrangement, when R = aryl, but R· if it is methyl.
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  • 173
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of nine compounds belonging to the group of (-)-kauran-16-ols are reported. These compounds differ either by stereochemistry at C16 (I, II) or by the nature of the substituent at C4 (III to VIII). In all cases the most characteristic ions correspond to a process in which ring D is split off and lost as a C3H6O fragment. The nature of the substituent R1 at C4 can be deduced from such typical ions as [M — R1]+ or [M — R1 — H2O]+. Kauranols epimeric at C16 show little difference in their mass spectra; the assignment of configuration at this centre may be reliable only when the spectra of both epimers are compared.
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  • 174
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of several fluorenylidene-triphenylphosphoranes have been studied and the fragmentation reactions have been interpreted. An intramolecular rearrangement leading to the 9-phenylfluorenium ion has been discovered.
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  • 175
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1463-1465 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An improved method of molecular formula determination without any standard sample is proposed. 2-Aminopyridine was examined as an example and unambiguous molecular formula determination was made.
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  • 176
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
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  • 177
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1505-1518 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of the homologous series of acids HOOC(CH2)nCOOH from n = 0 to 12 have been studied together with certain deuterium labeled members. The fragmentation mechanisms of the lower homologues are discussed in some detail. The loss of one or two molecules of water from the molecular ions was shown to proceed most favorably via a 6-centred intermediate involving the methylene group β- to a carboxyl function. It was observed that the ease of carboxyl-carboxyl interaction promoting CO2 elimination from the molecular ion could be simply correlated with n and thus serves as a structure-identifying feature.
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  • 178
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1499-1503 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Differences in the appearance potentials of normal fragment ions and of metastable transitions leading to the formation of the same fragment ions have been measured in the mass spectra of a number of compounds. The differences varied from 0.1 to 1.0 eV and were attributed to the measurable part of the kinetic shift. An approximate correlation was found between the intensity of a ‘metastable peak’ and the observed difference in appearance potentials, and it is suggested that the full kinetic shift for processes giving rise to intense ‘metastable peaks’ is substantially larger than the measurable part. The implications of this in thermochemical calculations are discussed.
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  • 179
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1535-1537 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1-Phenylflavazole derivatives of monosaccharides show structurally characteristic and easily interpretable mass spectral fragmentation processes. The position of the deoxy or methoxy grouping may be conveniently localized.
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  • 180
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Characteristic fragmentation processes of aliphatic sulphoxides and sulphones such as loss of hydroxyl, ‘alkene’ and/or ‘alkenyl’ are associated with hydrogen migrations to oxygen. A study of the mass spectra of di-n-butyl sulphoxide and sulphone, the saturated five-, six- and seven-membered ring sulphoxides and sulphones and their site-specifically deuterated analogues shows that these hydrogen migrations are nonspecific.Apparently steric factors play an important role in determining the relative contributions of initial hydrogen transfer from the various positions. The sites of abstraction probably determine the extent of competition between consecutive or concerted loss of hydroxyl, carbon-sulphur fission or other processes (e.g. McLafferty rearrangement).Apart from the McLafferty rearrangement only the loss of hydroxyl from sulphones shows a strong dependence on the site of initial hydrogen abstraction: γ-hydrogen is lost preferentially, yielding a cyclized [M — OH] ion.
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  • 181
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1600-1600 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 182
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 229-235 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study has been made of the spectra of a series of compounds containing both a styryl and a benzoyl π-electron system separated by one to four methylene groups. Of particular interest is a fragmentation process which involves both functional groups, yet only proceeds when they are separated by at least four methylene units.
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  • 183
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 249-256 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of nine pyrrolizidine alkaloids retronecine, heliotridine, 7-angeloylretronecine, 7-angeloylheliotridine, echimidine, heliosupine, lasiocarpine, heliotrine and echinatine -  were studied. Particularly the structures of the ions m/e 214, 197 and 156 in the spectrum of heliotrine are discussed. The ionization and appearance potentials for selected ions were measured for the first six alkaloids, which are pairs of epimers.
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  • 184
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 299-313 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of impurities have been extracted from yellow phenolphthalein by thin layer chromatography and characterized on the basis of their mass spectra. One of these by-products appears to be fluoran while the structure proposed for a second accounts for the properties ascribed to it by previous investigations. The bulk of the impurity appears to consist of condensation products of three molecules of phenol with two of phthalic anhydride.
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  • 185
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 109-119 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of 1-, 2- and 3-hydroxyquinolizidine have been determined. In all cases the elimination of an hydroxyl radical is a more favoured process than the elimination of water. This has been substantiated by specific deuterium labelling. The fragmentation patterns of the three isomers allow for each compound to be identified specifically.
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  • 186
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 147-155 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of cis- and trans-decahydroquinoline, their N-methyl and their N-benzoyl derivatives have been examined. Several deuterated derivatives of the N-methyl compounds and one C-methyl derivative have been prepared and a study of their spectra has aided in the interpretation of the mechanism of fragmentation. The major fragment ions are formed by loss of two, three and four carbon fragments from the homocyclic ring.
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  • 187
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the mass spectra of a series of O-alkyl-N-p-toluenesulfonyl carbamates with the following alkyl substituents: methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, neopentyl, β-phenethyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, cyclohexyl, α-phenethyl, tert-butyl and tert-amyl. The fragmentation of the primary and secondary alkyl substituents involves a rearrangement accompanied by the loss of SO2 followed by fragmentation of the [M - 64] radical-ion to produce cresol as one of the principal fragments. The [M - 64] fragment of branched alkyls also undergoes a McLafferty rearrangement to yield either O-p-tolyl carbamate or N-p-tolyl carbamic acid and the corresponding olefin. In contrast, O-tert-alkyl-N-arylsulfonyl carbamates yield fragmentation patterns similar to those observed for N-tert-alkyl arylsulfonamides. The spectrum of O-tert-butyl-N-p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl carbamate exhibits strong [M - 44] and [M - 59] peaks which correspond to the loss of CO2 followed by a methyl radical from the molecular ion. Introduction of methyl groups either to the sulfonyl carbamate nitrogen atom or the ortho positions of the aryl substituent of O-tert-butyl derivatives forces the molecular ion to rearrange with a loss of SO2 instead of CO2.
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  • 188
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 195-201 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fragmentation of six and eight membered methyl substituted cyclocarbosiloxanes of general formula (CH3)6Si3O3 — n(CH2)n (n = 1 or 2) and (CH3)8 Si4O4-n(CH2)n (n = 1, 2 or 3) under electron-impact (70 eV) is reported. The behaviour of these compounds under electron-impact is intermediate between that of the corresponding cyclosiloxanes and cyclocarbosilanes. In every case the most intense singly and doubly charged ions correspond to the loss of one and two methyl groups respectively. In going from the cyclosiloxanes to the cyclocarbosilanes the intensity of the primary ions is reduced and the intensity of those fragment ions whose formation involves the rearrangement or breakdown of the cyclic framework of the molecule is increased. These ions are the [M —CH3—(CH3)4Si]+ ions in the eight membered and the [(CH3)3Si]+ ions in both cases. The data on doubly charged and metastable ions in the mass spectra of the cyclocarbosiloxanes are presented and discussed.The fragmentation of six and eight membered methyl substituted cyclocarbosiloxanes of general formula (CH3)6Si3O3 — n(CH2)n (n = 1 or 2) and (CH3)8 Si4O4-n(CH2)n (n = 1, 2 or 3) under electron-impact (70 eV) is reported. The behaviour of these compounds under electron-impact is intermediate between that of the corresponding cyclosiloxanes and cyclocarbosilanes. In every case the most intense singly and doubly charged ions correspond to the loss of one and two methyl groups respectively. In going from the cyclosiloxanes to the cyclocarbosilanes the intensity of the primary ions is reduced and the intensity of those fragment ions whose formation involves the rearrangement or breakdown of the cyclic framework of the molecule is increased. These ions are the [M — CH3—(CH3)4Si]+ ions in the eight membered and the [(CH3)3Si]+ ions in both cases. The data on doubly charged and metastable ions in the mass spectra of the cyclocarbosiloxanes are presented and discussed.
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  • 189
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 241-248 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass spectra of cyclopenin (I), viridicatin (III), 3-benzylidene-3,4-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-dione (VI) and derivatives of these systems were measured. Fragmentation schemes are proposed based on high resolution data, metastable peaks and, where appropriate, on deuterium labeling. The decomposition of I is found to follow pathways different in several respects from those proposed by Luckner et al. on the basis of low resolution spectra.
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  • 190
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In contrast to the numerous studies of the mass spectrometric fragmentation behavior of saturated aliphatic ketones, that of unsaturated ketones has received only scant attention. The present article is concerned with high resolution measurements and deuterium labeling studies of 17 α, β-unsaturated ketones in order to define their fragmentation modes after electron-impact. Several hitherto undescribed cleavage processes were thus uncovered. For instance α, β-unsaturated methyl ketones (type A) eliminate acetone from their molecular ions through a double hydrogen transfer process. Such a reaction is suppressed in the presence of an α-alkyl group (type B) where it is superseded by the loss of this alkyl substituent through an a prioriunfavorable rupture of a vinylic bond. In those α,β-unsaturated ketones (type C) which can undergo the McLafferty rearrangement, evidence is presented for the occurrence of subsequent methyl loss - a process which seems to be associated with the presence of the conjugated double bond. Whether this is due to prior ketonization of the enol, contrary to the behavior of saturated alicyclic ketones, remains to be determined.
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  • 191
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 353-359 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of 19-substituted derivatives of α and β3-fluoro 17β acetoxy 5-androstene shows important differences in the fragmentation pattern according to the substitution and to the stereochemistry of the fluorine.
    Notes: L'étude de dérivés substitués en 19 des fluoro-3 α et β acétoxy-17β androsténe-5 montre des différences importantes dans la fragmentation selon la substitution et selon la stéréochimie du fluor.
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  • 192
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 373-382 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of twenty-seven C-19 modified cholestane derivatives have been determined, and have been compared with the mass spectra of similar compounds reported1 in the cholesteryl series. In the spectra of 2α,19-dihydroxy-5α-cholestane (la), initial loss of the 10β-hydroxymethyl group was observed followed by loss of water, whereas with the 2α-methoxy and 2α-acetoxy derivatives (Ib, Ic), loss of the 2α-substituent as methanol and acetic acid respectively, preceded the elimination of the 10β-hydroxymethyl group. Loss of the 10β-hydroxymethyl group was also observed in Δ1-, Δ2- and 2-oxo derivatives (VI, Va and VII), whilst loss of both the 1 substituent and the 10β-hydroxymethyl group from the molecular ion was observed with the 1α-ol (IIa) and the 1β-yl-chloride (III).In a series of 19-acetoxy derivatives loss of acetic acid [M - 60] from the 19-acetoxy group, involving abstraction of a sterically favourable hydrogen, always occurred, although this was usually accompanied by loss of the 10β-acetoxymethyl residue [M - 73].The mass spectra of a series of 10β-carboxylic acids and their methyl esters were more complex with three or more fragmentation patterns being observed. 1,3-Diaxial interactions, similar to those observed in chemical reactions, were observed in the mass spectra of three 2β-oxygenated-19-substituted compounds.
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  • 193
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The mass spectrometric fragmentation with 20- and 70 eV electrons of fifteen N,N′-diaryl-ethylenediamines (II-XVI) substituted in one benzene ring has been investigated. The compounds decompose to the ions a and b as shown in the Scheme (p. 408). The log [A]/[B] ratios correlate very well with Taft's σ0-(but not with σ- or σ+-) constants; ρ20 eV = -2·71; ρ70 eV = -2·21. This correlation suggests that the ions a and b possess the open structure indicated and not the phenoniumion structure c and d, and that the course of the fragmentation is largely determined by the relative stabilities of the ions formed by the decomposition of the molecular ion.
    Notes: Es wird die massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung mit 20- und 70 eV Elektronen von fünfzehn in einem Benzolkern substituierten N,N′-Diaryl-äthylendiaminen (II-XVI) untersucht. Diese Verbindungen zerfallen gemäss Schema S. 408 in die Ionen a und b. Die log [A]/[B]-Verhältnisse korrelieren sehr gut mit den Taftschen σ0-(aber nicht mit σ- oder σ+-) Werten; ρ20 ev = -2,71; ρ70 ev = -2,21. Diese Korrelation weist darauf hin, dass den Ionen a und b die angegebene offene Konstitution und nicht die Phenoniumionenstruktur cund dzukommt und dass die relative Stabilität der aus dem Molekular-Ion entstehenden Ionen in erster Linie die Fragmentierung bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 475-479 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isomeric 3,4-diethylmuconic acid dimethyl esters behave differently under electronimpact. Methanol elimination from the molecular ion is one of the most important processes in the trans, trans diester. In the cis, cis and cis, trans isomers, however, the loss of a methoxyl radical from the molecular ion occurs to a much greater extent than elimination of methanol. This distinctive behaviour is interpreted in terms of different distances between the methoxy groups and the allylic hydrogen atoms in the geometrical isomers. Other differences in the mass spectra of the isomers are reported and discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 513-517 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The negative-ion mass spectra of some pyridines, pyrazines and their N-oxides are reported. All of the compounds examined fragment by generation of CN- ions. The alkylated derivatives readily form [M - 1] anions. Most of the N-oxides yield O- and OH- ions. Polar substituents control the fragmentation processes involving the heterocyclic ring to which they are bonded.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 196
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 545-553 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The substituent effect on the fragmentation of substituted N,N-diphenyl acetamides which proceed via an aryl transfer from the amide nitrogen to the carbonyl oxygen was investigated. With monosubstituted compounds (I)both the migration of the unsubstituted and the substituted aryl ring, with subsequent elimination of the corresponding phenoxy radical, and formation of the nitrilium ions c and d, respectively, are possible. With increasing electron releasing properties of the substituent, migration of the substituted aryl moiety is preferred (d). In the presence of an o- or p-diphenylamino group the migration of the unsubstituted phenyl ring is completely suppressed. Besides d, these compounds furnish substituted phenol ions (f)formed by a similar rearrangement and subsequent specific hydrogen transfer. Reaction mechanisms based on the different charge stabilization in the molecular ions are discussed. In o-diphenylamino substituted compounds (and other derivatives of o-diphenylamino aniline) further characteristic fragmentations occur which were assumed to proceed via a dihydrophenazine intermediate(l).
    Notes: Der Substituenteneffekt auf die unter Arylverschiebung vom Amidstickstoff zum Carbonylsauerstoff verlaufenden fragmentierungen kernsubstituierter N.N-diphenyl-acetamide wurde untersucht. bei monosubstituierten verbindungen (I), bei denen Wanderung des unsubstituieren und des substituierten Phenylrests mit anschließender Abspaltung als (substituiertes) Phenoxyradikal zu den Nitrilium-Ionen c bzw. d eintreten kann, erfolgt mit zunehmendem elektronenspendenden Charakter des Substituten eine bevorzugte Verschiebung des substituierten Arylrests (d). Liegt eine ortho- oder para-ständinge Diphenylaminogruppe vor, so wird die Verschiebung des unsubstituierten phenylrests sogar vollständing unterdrückt. Neben d liefern diese Verbindungen aber substituierte Phenol-Ionen (f), die durch eine ähnliche Umlagerung mit einer nachfolgenden, spezifischen Wasserstoffverschiebung entstehen. reaktionsmechanismen, die auf der unterschiedlichen Ladungsstabilisierung in den molekül-Ionen basieren, werden diskutiert. Die o-Diphenylamino-substituierten Verbindungen (sowie andere Derivate des o-Diphenylamino-anilins) zeichnen sich durch weitere charakteristicshe Fragmentierungen aus, für die als Zwischenstufe eine Cyclisierung zu einem Dihydrophenazin (l) angenommen wird.Unserem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Professor Dr. R. Tschesche, zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 4 (1970), S. 599-605 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low resolution mass spectrometric studies were carried out on biphenyl, the 2-, 3- and 4-methyl substituted biphenyls, the 2,2′-, 2,3′-, 2,4′-, 3,3′-, 3,4′- and 4,4′- dimethyl substituted biphenyls, in addition to diduryl. Number and position of the methyl substituent have a marked effect on the observed fragmentation. In biphenyl and the monomethyl series [M - 1] is a major fragment whereas in the dimethyl series and diduryl the [M - 15] represents a significant ion species. A methyl located in the ortho position results in the greatest influence on the cracking pattern. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1085-1088 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of bisulfite derivatives of liquid aldehydes and cyclic ketones is reported to facilitate sample handling in mass spectral analysis of these compounds. The carbonyl compounds can be regenerated from their sulfinate derivatives in the direct probe. Precautions must be taken to avoid back exchange of enolizable deuterium atoms in labeled carbonyl compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1351-1353 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The CH3OH elimination from one of the α-cleavage ions produced by fragmentation of the methyl esters of long-chain amino-acids is triggered by the interaction of both functional groups, even when these are located far apart. It involves, in part, one of the hydrogen atoms from the amino group and in part, one of the hydrogen atoms of the methylene group α to the NH2-bearing carbon. Mechanisms for these eliminations are proposed and a comparison is made with the fragmentations of the ω-amino esters, previously studied.
    Notes: L'élimination de CH3OH à partir d'un des ions de coupure α produits par la fragmentation des esters des aminoacides à longue chaîne est induite par l'interation des deux fonctions même lorsque celles-ci sont éloignées l'une de l'autre dans la molécule. Elle met en cause en partie un atome d'hydrogène du groupe NH2, en partie un atome d'hydrogène du CH2 en α du carbone qui porte le groupe NH2. Des mécanismes sont proposés et une comparaison est faite avec les fragmentations des ω-aminoesters, déjà étudiés.
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  • 200
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    Biological Mass Spectrometry 3 (1970), S. 1371-1377 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metastable ion decompositions involving the loss of hydrogen and deuterium from partially deuterated toluene ions were studied using a double focusing mass spectrometer. The electric sector voltage was adjusted so that the only ions transmitted were those which lost a particular fraction of their kinetic energy in decompositions taking place in front of the electric sector. Transitions involving loss of mass 1 or mass 2 from the molecular ions of toluene-α-d3 and toluene-2,3,4,5,6-d5 were studied. The results showed that in these slow reactions, the ‘preference factor’ defined as the ratio of the probability of loss of a hydrogen atom from a side-chain position to loss of a hydrogen atom from a ring position was 1.00. The ‘isotope factor,’ defined as the ratio of the probability of loss of a hydrogen atom from any position to that for the loss of a deuterium atom from the same position was found to be 3·50.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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