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  • 1990-1994
  • 1985-1989  (39)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1820-1829
  • 1986  (39)
  • Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 20-25 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Starting from Wheeler's composite theory, which takes both the multilayer adsorption and the capillary condensation into consideration, and assuming the equivalent cylindrical model, we have deduced a strict and relatively simpler formula for the calculation of pore size distribution by solving the integral equation directly. The formula is more convenient for application because of its recursion form. Following the same line of reasoning and using the mean value theorem of definite integrals under different conditions, we have unified the equations of Barrett-Joyner-Halenda, Dubinin, Cranston-Inkley, Dollimore-Heal and Roberts. A table of parameters which is required in the calculation is given. Besides the adsorption of nitrogen, the adsorption with water vapor as the adsorbate is investigated and the corresponding empirical equation of adsorption thickness is given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 26-31 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle size enlargement operations often involve the use of a liquid to improve powder cohesiveness. Capillary suction and surface tension forces acting through liquid menisci between particles are the primary source of the cohesive bonding. The strength of these forces, and consequently the strength of the wet agglomerate, is dependent upon the total liquid content, its distribution within the agglomerate, and the powder wettability (characterized by the liquid surface tension and powder/liquid contact angle).The tensile strength of powder compacts containing submicron carbon black particles has been measured as a function of saturation level for several liquids. It is found that the compact strength increases with increasing surface tension for liquids that exhibit a zero contact angle. Above the critical surface tension for wetting a more complicated situation exists where both the surface tension and contact angle are important.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 122-128 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical treatments used in the evaluation of particle size distribution from pipet-withdrawal centrifuge data are reviewed. An error in the published procedure for multiple-sample withdrawal systems is pointed out and a corrected formulation is presented. An alternative treatment, based on a piece-wise linearization of the size distribution is described. Computer simulations of the analytical and data evaluation procedures indicate that the errors in the original formulation are not generally serious and that the corrected and alternative procedures lead to very similar estimates. Except for some cases involving very narrow size distributions, the alternative approach appears to give slightly closer estimates of the size distribution. Comparisons based on actual experimental data are also described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 104-110 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A procedure for estimating the effectiveness of algorithms which retrieve size distribution parameters from cumulative fractions or moments is described. The principle of the algorithm is to select moments, or cumulative fractions, which minimize the condition number. Extensive tests of the algorithm for a distribution consisting of the sum of two log normal distributions were carried out. This procedure can be easily extended to use different numbers and types of constituent functions. The simulations indicated that moment methods which include positive and negative moments give the best result. When the means of the constituent distribution are close, the large condition numbers indicate that no algorithm will give unambiguous values for the parameters.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Knowledge of the granulometric behaviour of dispersed systems is vital for a full and complete characterisation. Despite the variety of methods and devices which have been developed for this purpose, difficulties frequently arise in the practical determination of particle size distribution. In this paper it is shown, by means of examples, how measurements for surface modified and porous particles can be influenced by the behaviour of the material, and which approaches exist to obtain accurate values by taking this into account.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 32-39 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Within grinding machines the load acting on the particles and the loading rate are widely distributed. According to studies on the breakage mechanism of brittle materials, the mechanical properties which relate to breakage vary with the loading rate. In order to elucidate the grinding mechanism within the grinding machines, it is necessary to obtain the relationships between these properties and loading rate.In this study, the variation of strength, fracture energy, new surface area produced by fracture and fracture energy with the loading rate (ranging from 10-1 to 109 N/s) was investigated by means of compression tests on a large number of spherical specimens. As a result, a singularity of crushing behavior was observed under an impact loading corresponding to a duration of time of loading the same as the natural period of the spherical specimen. The crushing efficiency is especially at its maximum.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 63-67 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Locked particles are defined as those comminuted or particles which contain both gangue and target material. By considering the shape of the comminuted particles and assuming their random distribution in the ore body prior to comminution, it is possible to derive locking profiles which give the frequency of occurrence of particles which have a given fraction of their volume occupied by target material. For most particle shapes (spheres, angular particles, angular plates and rods) the locking profile is a deep U-shaped curve. This suggests that few particles by number contain about 50% target material while a far greater number contain either very little or very much target material. Such a conclusion is important in planning separation processes for locked particles in the mineral industry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 45-55 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The electric resistance pulse or electric sens Xing zone method, primarily invented by W. H. Coulter, is well suited for volume measurements of biological cells and other particles.This review summarizes the methodological investigations at the Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie into the Coulter method, particularly for measuring biological cells.The distribution of the electric field in Coulter orifices was measured in enlarged model orifices and, additionally, calculated by computer programs. It is shown that the local resistance pulse height depends on the square of the local electrical field-strength and that the particle path in the orifice influences the measured pulse heights and the orientation and deformation of particles.A new transducer system is explained which uses hydrodynamic focusing and allows short time kinetic measurements. It is equipped with a calibrator system which serves also as general control unit.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an experimental investigation of the charge acquired by a single polymer particle when striking a plate. The particle was projected from a pneumatic gun with variable velocity and angle of impact. The deflected particle was then captured in a Faraday cup and the net acquired charge so measured. The measurements of charge are related, particularly, to the initial potential of the surfaces and to their work functions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The investigations of single and combined properties of particles or of particulate matter still belongs to the most important areas of present research and practical applications of Particle Characterization. Methods to measure single particle properties, as for instance particle size, shape, composition and velocity, are of much higher sophistication than before and they still aim at improved accuracy and higher resolution. There still is a considerable lack of understanding, and lack of theoretical interpretation and of experimental evidence of the differences seen in the correlation of different equivalent diameters, obtained when analysing the same irregularly shaped particle, or a distribution of particles, using different physical principles. Furthermore, there still is a lack of understanding of the influence of shape on the results obtained with optical methods using diffraction, light scattering etc., thus asking for more information with respect to the transferability of results from one physical principle to another. The measurement of combined particle properties comprises the simultaneous measurement of, for instance, size, velocity and concentration, which is of particular importance in the comprehensive description of multiphase flow systems. Those instruments which are in working order are highly complicated, not easy to use and to handle and they are in most cases special adaptations for a limited range of the variables to be analysed. There is also growing interest in the evaluation of socalled property functions. Particle Characterization will remain for quite a number of years just as exciting as it has been in the past. If industrial demand enforces the use of on-line instrumentation it might even become more interesting.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the field of material science, especially for polydisperse materials, many questions arise which cannot be answered sufficiently and precisely without information which represents the random character of the structure in space. Computer simulation is here an effective tool used to create random arrangements of particles which may be regarded as a realistic representation of the underlying material. Of course, the presumption that the shape of each particle is a sphere is an idealization which is a certain handicap in modeling all the possible system properties. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that, by having an adequate subroutine, many phenomena which are influenced by the local topology of the particles and their interaction forces can be studied in more detail.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 145-150 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Miniaturized sieves (1/2 inch diameter) can be mounted in a spinning riffler system to obtain small representative powder samples which eventually can be sieved in situ without removing the miniature sieves from the riffler system. By mounting several different aperture sieves around the riffler a confederation of miniature sieves could replace nest sieving. The sieving surface for these new sieves is so small compared to that of the traditional eight inch sieve that one could consider using the more expensive electroformed sieving surfaces for all test sieves in the quality control laboratory.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 168-173 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Loosened bulk materials occur, for example, during grinding in a tube mill. Thus, a rheological study of bulk granular materials which are loosened by fluidisation should lead to a better characterization of the flow and conveying properties of the material when ground in the mill.For this measurement of fluidised bulk materials an agitating device and a rotary viscosimeter have been developed, designed and tested.First results are presented and discussed showing the fluidisation behaviour and density of the bulk material as a function of grain size as well as the flow properties as a function of the grain size and degree of fluidisation.Finally, a projection of further research work is given.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 144-144 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The commercial forward light scattering equipment, Malvern analyser was used to determine the size distribution of two crystalline powders in the micron range dispersed in aqueous suspensions. The powders used represent two different forms of a micro-porous crystalline adsorbent, silicalite [1]. Previous work by the authors [2], has established the partially absorbing nature of the silicalite crystals at visible wavelengths of the incident light. The theoretical analysis indicates that it is possible to obtain quite accurate size distributions in the (1-10 μm) size range providing measured values of the relative refractive index and the coefficient of absorptivity of the particles are used in the calculations. The present work illustrates the consistency with which the light scattering equipment can respond to changes in the measured size distributions as a function of a number of process parameters such as the solids loading in suspension, the period of agitation, and the intensity of agitation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a narrow-angle and a wide-angle, forward scattering laser aerosol spectrometer has been studied as a function of particle size and refractive index. The results have been compared with theoretical calculations based on light scattering theory. The results indicate that for the narrow-angle instrument, the scattered-light intensity is not a monotonic function of particle size for transparent particles (a monotonic relationship is required for unambiguous particle size measurement) above 0.7 μm. The instrument is therefore limited in its useful range to size distribution measurement between 0.2 μm - its lower particle size limit - and 0.7 μm for transparent particles. In the case of the wide-angle instrument, the instrument output is a monotonic function of particle size for transparent particles, but the output is severely attenuated for light absorbing particles above 0.3 μm. The instrument, therefore, cannot be used for accurate size measurements above 0.3 μm for light absorbing particles.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 43-43 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 68-73 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An optical particle counting system has been developed for testing industrial pulse-cleaned cartridge dust collectors. The system is applied to measure fractional penetration of a full scale dust collector and to study its short term and long term dynamic behavior. Results show collector efficiencies for dust loadings of 23 g/m3 exceeding 99.999% over the particle size range from 0.5 μm to 10 μm, with a minimum fractional penetration occurring at approximately 2 μm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 14-19 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study deals with measurements of the drop-size distributions of different types of fan spray atomisers using a scattered-light particle size counting analyser. The drop-size distributions were determined at various locations in the spray cone. These local distributions change systematically from the fan's axis to its border. Superimposing these local distributions, adequately weighted, one acquires the entire distribution of all the drops. A comparison of the experimental results is made with those yielded by mathematical equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cascade impactors are still the most suitable devices with which to measure fine droplet mists in gas ducts. This report describes the measurement technique and underlying principles. It is based largely on experience gained with a type of impactor that has been specially developed for droplet measurements, and also on applications of impactors in the chemical industry. Most of the measurement work has been undertaken in connection with environmental protection. The cascade impactor gives the mass-related droplet size distributions and concentrations within a range extending from about 0.2 to 10 microns. Larger droplets are collected quantitatively in the sampling probe, which serves as a precollector.
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  • 26
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 40-42 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two types of asbestos fiber, chrysotile and amosite, form filter cakes of different permeabilities while having a similar degree of dispersion.The filter cake resistance depends on the disperse phase characteristics and the conditions of cake formation. The main reason for the effects mentioned is different particle flexibility influenced by the specific structure of each type of asbestos particle.The flexible chrysotile fibers in the cake form dense and rigid, amosite, porous deposits. An increase in the velocity of the suspended chrysotile particles, caused by pressure difference and agitation, results in significant differences in filter cake resistance.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 74-80 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle penetrations through commercially available, electrically charged fibrous filters have been measured. The particles were monodisperse and in charge equilibrium. Tests were conducted for several particle sizes in the range 0.02 μm ≤ x ≤ 1 μm. The face velocity was varied in the range of 2 cm/s to 30 cm/s. The penetration has a bimodal dependence on particle size. This behaviour is not found for uncharged filters. The reduction in penetration and bimodal dependence is attributed to electrical collection effects. As the face velocity is increased, the electrostatic collection effects are significantly reduced. The results agree quantitatively with a model for particle penetration through charged fibrous filters recently presented in the literature by the authors.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a Po-210 radioactive ionizer for aerosol charge neutralization and bipolar charging has been evaluated. Monodisperse neutral and singly charged aerosols have been passed through the ionizer and their approach to the steady-state Boltzmann charge measured by measuring the fraction of particles that are electrically charged. The result shows that an Nt of approximately 2.5 × 105 cm-3 s is needed for the development of a steady-state charge fraction equal to that given by the Boltzmann' s law where N is the ion concentration and t is the residence time of the aerosol in the neutralizer. In addition, the performance of the ionizer for particle charge neutralization in a vibrating-orifice aerosol generator has been evaluated and the result shows that the source is less effective for this application and the residual charge on the particles is considerably higher than that given by the Boltzmann's law.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Now fifteen years ago, Small and co-workers [1, 2], introduced Hydrodynamic Chromatography (HDC) as a simple method for the sizing of submicron particles. The particles are fractionated when flowing through a packed column of uniform impermeable beads and emerge in order of decreasing diameter. Noel et al. [4] and Mullins and Orr [3] reported a variant of the technique using a long open capillary tube which has been called Capillary Hydrodynamic Chromatography (CHDC).Recently Brough et al. [5] were able to expand the size range of CHDC down to particle diameters of 0.07 μm and showed that the technique is also able to achieve fractionation in organic solvents.In an attempt to obtain the same particle size analysis range with CHDC as with the recently commercialised HDC (Micromeritics), we investigated the CHDC performance in very small capillaries (0.1 and 0.15 mm). The emphasis of the study has been led on the nature and the concentration of the eluent composition. Indeed an effective reduction in capillary diameter can be obtained if one uses a commercial block copolymer as eluent material. Adsorption of the block copolymer both on the capillary wall and the particles gives rise to a sterical barrier which reduces further the effective capillary diameter and enhances the resolution of the column towards smaller particle sizes.In our view CHDC represents more possibilities in analysing real particle systems, i. e. dispersions with relatively high polymer or polyelectrolyte concentrations. For such systems classical HDC results mostly in the clogging of the column. A series of dispersions and emulsions in concentrated gelatine have been analysed and the P. S. are compared with the results obtained by LCS.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 96-98 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 136-141 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With the three-plate-capacitor method, as described previously by the author, reactions and heating processes in freely suspended particles (diameter 5-50 μm) were investigated by using the diffraction pattern of a laser beam. Change of weight can be registered, during operation, by the a. c. and d. c. voltage connected to a capacitor. This device enables information to be obtained, from inside the droplets, on the gradient of density or the precipitation of small particles and on the formation and solution process of a crystal nucleus in anorganic and low molecular organic substances. The behaviour of high polymer materials was studied during heating in the central region ca. 4 μm of the droplet.The diffraction patterns are similar to those of crystals (micells), but they do not show any crystal nucleus in the center. The application of heat, up to the softening point, gradually diffuses this cell arrangement. Such phenomena have not previously been studied within a droplet.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 56-62 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Latices of 2, 4 and 9 μm diameter intended for use a particle standard have been examined under a variety of storage and handling conditions. The effects of light exposure, temperature variation and storage in isotonic saline were studied as well as the handling conditions, such as multiple sampling, dispersion technique and effects of foaming. Particle sizes and particle number densities were remarkably constant, even under the most extreme conditions investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 89-95 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of pulverised fuel ash (PFA) obtained both from power stations and from laboratory combustion experiments have been examined by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry) and XPS (x-ray photo-electron spectroscopy).The elemental analysis is at present semi-quantitative and indicates presence of sulphur mainly as sulphate ion in the outer surface layer (5-10 nm) of some samples. Other elements, notably Mg, Fe, K and Ti appear at higher concentrations, up to ∼ 10% once the outer 10-20 nm surface layers have been removed by ion etching.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modelless (ML) and micropore (MP) methods for the pore structure analysis of porous particles have been studied. Concerning the ML method, it has been shown that the Kiselev equation can only be used to describe condensation and evaporation in capillaries, but cannot be used to describe the increase and decrease of the thickness of the adsorption layer. Strictly speaking, therefore, the ML method is not modelless even for the pore core size distribution. A comparison between the ML method and methods using an equivalent pore model is given. The results of using the ML method in conjunction with a certain pore model are little less accurate than those obtained by adopting the equivalent pore model straightaway. The parameters required for the calculation of both the pore core size and the pore size distribution as well as the conversion between these two calculations are given.Concerning the MP method, it has been shown that the three types of v-t curves, the theoretical foundation of the MP method, are not in one to one correspondance to the three kinds of adsorption mechanism. From the viewpoint of accuracy, the MP method has no advantage over the methods which are based on the condensation mechanism, both have their own merits.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 174-178 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reviews the development of a new annular shear cell for the characterisation of aerated powders. The cell enables the measurement of the transmitted shear stress at degrees of aeration below fluidisation. Results are presented for three powders, Alumina, Phosphate Rock and Sodium Carbonate. These show a large reduction in shear stress for small quantities of air entrainment and a transition from normal coulomb-solid flow to liquid-type flow at high shear rates. This characterisation enables an explanation of the flooding phenomena experienced in powder handling processes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The determination of the particle size distribution of a powder may last up to 14 hours with standard sedimentation techniques such as an Andreasen pipette.If, in a photosedimentometer, not only the one sensor close to the bottom is incorporated but a number of sensors positioned at different heights, the time required for determining the particle size distribution of a powder may be reduced to 15 minutes. For each sensor there is an optimum location, which is determined both by the distance from the surface to the lowest and the highest sensor and by the number of sensors.The instrument, equipped with three measuring sensors and a reference sensor is connected to a personal computer. The measured particle size distributions are reproducable with a standard deviation of less than 2%. Agreement with a Sedigraph or a sedimentation balance is about the same as the agreement of these two instruments with each other.The time required for the determination of a particle size distribution of a quartz powder suspended in water with particle diameters from 1.5 to 60 μ is 15 minutes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 179-186 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle size and aspect ratio are amongst the most important parameters which determine the application properties of pigments, fillers and powders for ceramics. A statistical characterization of the samples is therefore needed. In this paper we discuss the measurement of bivariate size distributions of organic pigments and describe a correction procedure for particles with interchanged crystallographic axes. During the crystallization of a pigment, the larger aspect ratios usually result from faster growth rates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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