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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 408-413 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio molecular orbital calculations are reported on the energetics for torsional motion of N-phenyl phthalimide using 3-21G, 6-31G, and 6-31G** basis sets and incorporating electron correlation effects for selected geometries. With the largest basis set, a minimum energy is found for a torsion angle of 59.2°. Atomic charges are assigned to the molecules on the basis of a least-squares fit to the molecular electrostatic potential. This information is then used in molecular mechanics calculations of the crystal structure, where the calculated unit cell parameters are in good agreement with those observed experimentally.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 443-456 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: We present an analytical method for generating a whole protein backbone structure from the coordinates of the α-carbons. The procedure begins by automatically positioning the β-carbons for every residue, and then the positions of the carbonyl groups and the amide nitrogens are also computed. The method is based upon the simultaneous minimization of a number of geometrical constraints that appear in real proteins and that can be very easily formulated as a set of trigonometric relations between the coordinates of the atoms involved in the backbone reconstruction. The resulting algorithm has been tested for proteins of very different sizes and topologies, and can advantageously compete with other methods proposed for this goal both in accuracy and in computational requirements. Possible ways of further refinement of the resulting structures are discussed.
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  • 103
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 492-504 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A previously published empirical charge scheme has been adapted for use in studies of quantitative structure-property relationships. New parameters have been developed to allow the inclusion of nitrates, nitriles, sulfides, thiols, thiophenes, and sulfoxides. No changes have been made to the original scheme, thus preserving all previous results. A few simple additions to the program have made it possible to calculate atomic charges in a variety of ionic structures containing a formally positive nitrogen or a formally negative oxygen. The results obtained for ions are consistent with a number of concepts surrounding the familiar inductive and resonance effects.
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 105
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 997-1003 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The closely related Cs (1) and C2v (3) structures of CH5+ have been reinvestigated at many ab initio levels using MP2/6-31G** and MP2/6-311 + + G(2df, 2pd) geometries. The largest basis sets employed were 6-311G(3df, 2p), 6-311 + + G(3df, 3pd), and the Dunning “correlation consistent” polarized triple-split valence basis set (cc-pVTZ). Electron correlation was probed at the MP4 level, but the QCISD method was also used with the largest basis sets. While electron correlation favors 3 over 1 by about 2 kcal/mol, the correlated relative energies with all basis sets employed range from 0.36-1.03 kcal/mol in favor of 1. The best estimate of this difference, 0.86 kcal/mol, is essentially identical with the (scaled) zero-point energy difference, 0.84 kcal/mol, favoring 3 over 1. These results indicate that 1 and 3 have almost exactly the same energy at 0 K. Our best value for the dissociation energy of CH5+ is 42.0 kcal/mol [QCISD(T)/6-311 + + G(3df, 3pd)//MP2(fu)/6-311 + + G(2df, 2pd), corrected to 298 K], which agrees very well with the experimental value. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 106
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1151-1169 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were used to study hydrogen bonding interactions and interatomic distances of a number of hydrogen bonded complexes that are germane to biomolecular structure and function. The calculations were carried out at the STO-3G, 3-21G, 6-31G*, and MP2/6-31G* levels (geometries were fully optimized at each level). For anionic species, 6-31 + G* and MP2/6-31 + G* were also used. In some cases, more sophisticated calculations were also carried out. Whenever possible, the corresponding enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of complexation were calculated. The agreement with the limited quantity of experimental data is good. For comparison, we also carried out semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. In general, AM1 and PM3 give lower interaction enthalpies than the best ab initio results. With regard to structural results, AM1 tends to favor bifurcated structures for O—H-O and N—HO types of hydrogen bonds, but not for hydrogen bonds involving O-H—S and S-H—O, where the usual hydrogen bond patterns are observed. Overall, AM1 geometries are in general in poor agreement with ab initio structural results. On the other hand, PM3 gives geometries similar to the ab initio ones. Hence, from the structural point of view PM3 does show some improvement over AM1. Finally, insights into the formation of cyclic or open formate-water hydrogen bonded complexes are presented. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 107
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1210-1215 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Molecular dynamics simulations of pure benzene and a poly(oxyethylene) chain in benzene are performed. The simulation of pure benzene is found to agree excellently with previous simulations despite using a different force field. A comparison is made between the results of simulations of the poly(oxyethylene) chain in benzene and in water and of stochastic simulations with respect to mean torsional angles, trans/gauche fractions, and transition rates. Characteristic deviations are found for the simulation in water and explained by specific atomic interactions, while there is satisfactory agreement with a stochastic simulation based upon the simple Langevin equation using a friction coefficient of 1 ps-1. The characteristic ratio of poly(oxyethylene) in benzene is calculated on the basis of the rotational isomeric state model. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 108
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 851-859 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: In this article we present an extension of our modified MM2(80) force field MM2MOD in which a potential function for hydrogen bonding in alcohols and ethers is included. The results of applying MM2(85), MM2(87), and MM2MOD on ethylene glycol, 2-methoxyethanol and 1,3-propanediol are reported and compared with available experimental data and ab initio results. It is concluded that hydrogen bonding plays an important role in determining the molecular conformations of these systems. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 109
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 883-887 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The quality of several atomic charge models based on different definitions has been analyzed using cumulative atomic multipole moments (CAMM). This formalism can generate higher atomic moments starting from any atomic charges, while preserving the corresponding molecular moments. The atomic-charge contribution to the higher molecular moments, as well as to the electrostatic potentials, has been examined for CO and HCN molecules at several different levels of theory. The results clearly show that the electrostatic potential obtained from CAMM expansion is convergent up to the R-5 term for all atomic charge models used. This illustrates that higher atomic moments can be used to supplement any atomic charge model to obtain more accurate description of electrostatic properties. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 110
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 111
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 990-996 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A rapid method for estimating CNDO charges in large data bases using a reparameterized Del Re method has been described previously. In this article the method is extended to saturated compounds containing B, N, O, F, Si, P, S, and Cl. Good results are obtained by forcing the Del Re δo parameter for each element to be linearly related to its Pauling electronegativity, but with the slopes and intercepts being different for second- and third-row elements. With a test set of 17 compounds and 71 atoms, the CNDO charge was reproduced with an average deviation of ±0.03. The largest deviations, up to ±0.2, were observed for carbons having multiple F or Cl substituents and for sterically hindered atoms. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 112
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1004-1010 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The extended Koopmans' theorem has been implemented using multiconfigurational self-consistent field wave functions calculated with the GAMESS, HONDO, and SIRIUS programs. The results of illustrative calculations are presented for the molecules HF, H2O, NH3, CH4, N2, CO, HNC, HCN, C2H2, H2CO, and B2H6. The lowest extended Koopmans' theorem ionization potentials agree well within the experimental values and the ionization potentials representing excited states of the ions show some improvements over the Koopmans' theorem values in most cases. The extended Koopmans' theorem is easily implemented and the time required to calculate the ionization energies is insignificant compared to the time required to calculate the wave function of the un-ionized molecule. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 113
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 114
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1057-1065 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: In the present work we have carried out a Monte Carlo simulation of a dissociative electron transfer reaction in a polar solvent. In particular, we have chosen as a very simple model the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen fluoride to give a hydrogen atom and a fluoride anion in a dipolar solvent. From a classical point of view, the electron transfer occurs at the intersection region S* of the diabatic potential hypersurfaces Hpp and Hss, corresponding to the precursor and successor complexes, respectively. We have evaluated both diabatic surfaces using potential functions that have been built up with ab initio methods by us. For each of the obtained configurations the parameter ΔE = Hss - Hpp has been calculated. This parameter is then used as the reaction coordinate for obtaining the diabatic free energy curves of the reaction. Because the activation energy is high, a suitable mapping potential along with the statistical perturbation theory is employed to force the system to evolve toward the intersection region S*. A total of 68,340,000 configurations have been generated. The main conclusion of this article is that Marcus' relationship seems to fail for this kind of inner-sphere processes. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 115
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1103-1108 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The problem of the computation of the Centrifugal Distortion Constants (CDC) related to a diatomic potential is considered. The analytical expressions obtained from a reformulation of the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory are used [Kobeissi et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc., 138, 1 (1989)]; these are en+1 = 〈Φ0RΦn〉 - Σm=1n em〈Φ0Φn-m〉 where R = 1/r2, Φ0 = ψv is the vibrational wave function (corresponding to the given energy Ev = e0) and Φ1, Φ2,…, are the “rotational corrections” to Φ0, solutions of the rotational (nonhomogeneous) Schrödinger equations. These equations are integrated by using a recent integrator using a powerful local control allowing (for Φ0) a high accuracy. The integrals are computed by using another powerful technique tailored for matrix elements between numerical wave functions [Kobeissi et al., J. Comp. Chem., 10, 358 (1989)]. This numerical treatment is applied to the model Lennard-Jones potential and to the RKR potential of the I2 ground state. In both applications the CDC are computed up to e6 = Nv and e7 = Ov (these two are published for the first time), and up to the dissociation [up to v = 23 for the Lennard-Jones potential, and to v = 108 for the XΣ - I2 (RKR) potential]. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 116
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1138-1141 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The MM3 molecular mechanics program calculates a fair representation of vibrational frequencies for molecules. To make this information more useful, a qualitative intensity calculation has been added, as is described herein. Because each bond in the molecule is assigned a dipole moment, and the vibrational amplitudes are known from the frequency calculation, the change in dipole moment corresponding to each normal mode is readily calculated. In some cases a charge flux has to be added empirically for bond stretchings. This relatively simple calculation has been applied to a number of different functional groups, and gives band intensities adequate for dividing the bands into very strong, strong, medium, weak, or very weak (forbidden) categories. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 117
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1125-1137 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The MM2 and MM3 force fields have now been parameterized for ketene and its various derivatives. With the addition of the Csp = O bond stretching and Csp2=Csp=O bond bending parameters, calculations were performed on ketene and six substituted ketene compounds. The MM2 results are quite good with only minimal errors in the calculation of Csp2—H bond lengths and H-Csp2-H bond angles. Additionally, Csp2—F bond parameters in MM2 have been re-adjusted to give better results in monofluorinated species, but, unfortunately, resulting in greater error in the polyfluorinated compounds. The results of geometry calculations by MM3 are similar to those obtained by MM2 with the exception of a significant improvement in the geometry of dimethylketene. The MM3 vibrational frequencies calculated in this study are also in good agreement with available experimental and ab initio results with the exception of a few low frequency in-and out-of-plane bending modes. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 118
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 119
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1184-1198 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The geometries and dissociation energies for the Fe—C and C—H bonds of FeCHn and FeCHn+ (n = 1, 2, 3) have been calculated by ab initio quantum mechanical methods using different effective core potential models and Møller-Plesset perturbation theory. The HW3 ECP model, which has a configuration [core] (n-1)s2, (n-1)p6, (n-1)d1, (n)sm for the transition metals, is clearly superior to the larger core LANL1DZ ECP model with the configuration [core] (n-1)d1, (n)sm. The Fe—C bond energies calculated at correlated levels using the HW3 ECP are in much better agreement with experiment than the LANL1DZ results. This effect is mainly due to the higher number of correlated electrons rather than the inclusion of the outermost core electrons in the Hartree-Fock calculation. At the PMP4/HW3TZ/6-31G(d)//MP2/HW3TZ/6-31G(d) level, the theoretically predicted Fe—C bond energies for FeCHn+ are in the range of 80% of the experimental values and have nearly the same accuracy as all-electron calculations using large valence basis sets and the MCPF method for the correlation energy. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 120
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1234-1245 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A detailed analysis of ab initio derived electric field and multipole modeling is presented using formamide as an example. Penetration effects, a problem encountered with most currently used modeling methods, are avoided using the Overlap Multipolar Expansion (OME) technique computed up to the hexadecapole level. This method is shown to be grid insensitive. The OME fields and subsequent atomic charge modeling are found to be more sensitive to correlation effects than to basis sets changes. Three different types of error analysis are applied to test the accuracy of regenerated fields from various multipole descriptions. It is shown that atom centered charge models, those most commonly used in the literature, have significant errors. Considerable improvement can be made by using various combinations of charge, dipole, and quadrupole atom- or bond-centered models. For molecular dynamic programs it is argued that the best compromise between accuracy and efficiency is to use both atom and fictive atom charge models calculated from MP2 level density matrices using at least DZP level basis sets. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 121
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1255-1261 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio computations indicate the existence of several stable and some unstable conformers in isolated α and β glucose molecules. All of the lower-energy conformers exhibit a strikingly regular pattern of internal hydrogen bonding. Five such stable structures have been identified for each of the α and β anomers, differing primarily in the orientation of the CH2OH group. In each conformer, the α anomer is predicted to be lower in energy than the corresponding conformers of β anomer. The difference is about 2 kcal/mol in the 4-31G basis but only 0.4 kcal/mol in the 6-31G* basis. It is found that the electronic contributions to the free energy difference stabilize the α anomer while the nuclear motion contributions stabilize the β anomer. The implications of these predictions and the future investigations required to understand the relative stabilities of the two anomers are pointed out. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 122
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1262-1274 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Linearized embedding is a variant on the usual distance geometry methods for finding atomic Cartesian coordinates given constraints on interatomic distances. Instead of dealing primarily with the matrix of interatomic distances, linearized embedding concentrates on properties of the metric matrix, the matrix of inner products between pairs of vectors defining local coordinate systems within the molecule. We developed a pair of general computer programs that first convert a given arbitrary conformation of any covalent molecule from atomic Cartesian coordinates representation to internal local coordinate systems enforcing rigid valence geometry and then generate a random sampling of conformers in terms of atomic Cartesian coordinates that satisfy the rigid local geometry and a given list of interatomic distance constraints. We studied the sampling properties of this linearized embedding algorithm vs. a standard metric matrix embedding program, DGEOM, on cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and a cyclic pentapeptide. Linearized embedding always produces exactly correct bond lengths, bond angles, planarities, and chiralities; it runs at least two times faster per structure generated, and is successful as much as four times as often at refining these structures to full agreement with the constraints. It samples the full range of allowed conformations broadly, although not perfectly uniformly. Because local geometry is rigid, linearized embedding's sampling in terms of torsion angles is more restricted than that of DGEOM, but it finds in some instances conformations missed by DGEOM. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 123
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Using the crown ether 18-crown-6 as a test system, molecular dynamics has been evaluated as a technique for conformational searching and thermodynamic ensemble generation. By running a series of 200 ps and 2 ns simulations, an “optimum” temperature range for conformational searching, i.e., the temperature at which one finds the largest number of low energy structures, was demonstrated to be dependent on the time interval at which one examines the structure. By considering conformational degeneracy and entropy with the rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation we have been able to demonstrate that the ensemble generated approaches thermodynamic equilibrium in about 6 ns of simulation. To our knowledge this is the first time this has been demonstrated for a complex organic molecule and it highlights the power and usefulness of molecular dynamics as a method for thermodynamic ensemble generation and conformational searching.
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  • 124
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 70-75 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The ability of approximate Density Functional Theory to calculate molecular electron affinities has been probed by a series of calculations on the hydrides CH3, NH2, OH, and HC2 as well as the multibonded species CN, BO, N3, OCN, and NO2. The simple Hartree-Fock Slater scheme lacks dynamic correlations and underestimates on the average the adiabatic electron affinities (EAad) by 0.7 eV. A considerable improvement is obtained by the Local Density Approximation (LDA) in which dynamic correlation is included. Values from LDA calculation underestimate, on the average, the adiabatic electron affinities by 0.4 eV. The best agreement with experiment is obtained by the LDA/NL scheme in which a nonlocal correction recently proposed by Becke is added to the LDA energy expression. The LDA/NL method underestimates EAad by 0.2 eV. It is concluded that the LDA/NL method affords EAad's in as good agreement with experiment as ab initio techniques in which electron correlation is taken into account by extensive configuration interaction. A full geometry optimization has been carried out on the nine neutral sample molecules as well as the corresponding anions.
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  • 125
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 126
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Optimum geometries and harmonic frequencies calculated at the Hartree-Fock and the MP2 level are reported for the fluorohydrocarbon CHF2CH3; basis sets employed range from STO-3G to 6-311G**. The significantly shortened C—C distance of 1.50 Å is reproduced already with the simplest split-valence basis set; the C—F distance of 1.36 Å on the other hand needs MP2 correction at least at the double-ζ or 6-311G* level. Symmetry coordinates defined in terms of internal coordinates are in qualitative agreement with available experimental evidence. Even the best basis set yields frequencies that differ from experimental (anharmonic) values by up to 200 cm-1 indicating the well-known necessity of including higher-order force constants if quantitative agreement with experiment is to be achieved.
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  • 127
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Ab initio calculations using effective core potentials and polarized split-valence basis sets are reported for the title compounds. The calculated geometries, vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, harmonic force fields, dipole moments, relative energies, and barriers to pseudorotation are compared with the available experimental data for the known molecules. Predictions are made for those pentahalides that are still unknown. Trends in the calculated properties are identified and discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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  • 128
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 240-253 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An efficient algorithm for constrained geometry optimization in Cartesian coordinates is presented. It incorporates mode-following techniques within both the classical method of Lagrange multipliers and the penalty function method. Both constrained minima and transition states can be located and, unlike the standard Z-matrix using internal coordinates, the desired constraints do not have to be satisfied in the initial structure. The algorithm is as efficient as a Z-matrix optimization while presenting several additional advantages.
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  • 129
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992) 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 130
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 254-254 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
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  • 131
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 268-274 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Using the natural bond orbital method, one may associate the valence bond configuration and Lewis structure concepts to wave functions consisting of molecular orbitals and thus gain intuitive insight into the molecular potential energy curves. Natural bond orbital analysis of the restricted open shell Hartree-Fock and unrestricted Hartree-Fock wave functions for the BeH ground state provides an intuitive model to help understand the nature of the bonding in this open shell species. The contrasting behavior of the bonding orbitals for different spins can be attributed to differences in the Pauli repulsive interactions with the lonepair orbitals. Such behavior occurs in BeH(2Σ) but does not in CO+(2Π) because the Pauli repulsion depends on the orbital overlap.
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  • 132
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The vibrational Stark effect of a series of small molecules has been calculated by means of the semiempirical AM1 method through addition of the electron-field interaction term in the one-electron Hamiltonian. Optimized geometrical parameters along with harmonic frequencies and line intensities are determined for different strengths of the applied uniform electric field. The perturbed spectra are compared with theoretical studies carried out at the ab initio level and with experimental results. The vibrational Stark effect of the retinal molecule is also computed, showing that this kind of study is feasible in systems of biochemical interest. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 133
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 799-809 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The internal rotation in the HC(=X)YCH2CH3 (X, Y = O or S) series of molecules was studied by the ab initio SCF-MO method using 3-21G and 3-21G + d(ζ = 0.65S) basis sets. Energies and structures of several conformations of these molecules, determined by gradient geometry refinement, are reported and used to assess the effects of oxygen-by-sulphur substitution on molecular properties. The nature and relative importance of intramolecular interactions involving both the —CH2CH3 and the HC(=X)Y (X, Y = O or S) fragments are also discussed. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 860-866 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Application of MNDO, AM1, PM3, MNDO/H, and MNDO/M methods to a set of compounds with intramolecular hydrogen bonds suggested that none of these methods accurately modeled the characteristics of the hydrogen bonds. Since the MNDO/H and MNDO/M methods work well for intermolecular hydrogen bonds, we followed their example and modified MNDO for intramolecular hydrogen bonds by altering the empirical core-core repulsion energy function for all pairs of atoms involved in intramolecular O-H—O bonds. The resulting modified method models the behavior of these bonds quite well, especially as regards their geometry and the barrier to proton transfer. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 135
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 867-873 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The electronic structure of cobalt silicide clusters Co7Si7 and Si7Co7 was studied in comparison to that of Co19 and Si17 clusters under the scope of the MINDO/SR method. Clusters Co7Si7 and Si7Co7 represent the environment of a cobalt atom and that of a silicon atom in the cobalt monosilicide bulk, respectively. It is found that the Co—Si bond is essentially sp in character with an indirect participation (by electrostatic interaction) of the cobalt d orbitals. Our calculations show a charge transfer from silicon to the d orbitals of cobalt via sp-sp interaction with an internal sp-d hybridization. The theoretical density of states for cobalt silicide clusters are reported and compared with experimental results of surface spectroscopies. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 136
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Correlated molecular mulitpole moments and compact correlated cumulative atomic multipole moment (CCAMM) representation of molecular charge distribution in ground as well as in excited states have been derived directly from multiple reference double-excitation configuration interaction (MRD-CI) wave functions for BH and H2CO molecules using several extended basis sets with multiple polarization functions. This approach extends previously introduced uncorrelated and correlated CAMMs, and allows obtaining inexpensive modeling of electrostatic effects involving molecules in excited electronic states. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 137
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 952-962 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An analytical algorithm, called SETTLE, for resetting the positions and velocities to satisfy the holonomic constraints on the rigid water model is presented. This method is still based on the Cartesian coordinate system and can be used in place of SHAKE and RATTLE. We implemented this algorithm in the SPASMS package of molecular mechanics and dynamics. Several series of molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to examine the performance of the new algorithm in comparison with the original RATTLE method. It was found that SETTLE is of higher accuracy and is faster than RATTLE with reasonable tolerances by three to nine times on a scalar machine. Furthermore, the performance improvement ranged from factors of 26 to 98 on a vector machine since the method presented is not iterative. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 138
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1109-1113 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The protein-dipole Langevin-dipole (PDLD) model developed by Warshel and co-workers is an approach to evaluate electrostatic interactions in protein systems from microscopic sights. This model grasped the main physical factors and required little computations. But it might need the tests from every aspect. In the present work, we have chosen the solvation energies of Asp3, Glu7, Glu49, and Asp50 in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) as a calibration to discuss the influences of parameters and conditions on the simulation results in the PDLD model. Some improvements have been proposed. The calculated solvation energies associated with ionizing the four acidic groups in BPTI and aspartic acid in solution are found in good agreement with the corresponding observed results if the improved PDLD approach and computational methods are used. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 139
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 901-911 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The quantum mechanical energy is examined in which groups of one, two, three, and four localized electron pairs found within a molecule are separately computed. From these results, the interaction energies of the electron pairs taken one, two, three, and four at a time form the terms of a convergent molecular mechanics like expansion of the molecular ground state energy. This procedure can be used with any size consistent quantum mechanical method. The computational time for large molecules depends chiefly upon the order needed in the energy expansion to obtain sufficient convergence and not on the particular quantum mechanical method used. Preliminary results within the framework of a semiempirical CNDO/2 model Hamiltonian show at the Hartree-Fock and Møller-Plesset perturbation levels that relative energies converge to within a few tenths of a kcal/mol of the exact values at the four body level for molecules that have little delocalization. In strained ring and aromatic systems, convergence is however not nearly as rapid. Results can be improved somewhat by using larger interacting fragments containing two or more electron pairs over three or more atomic centers. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 140
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 919-934 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The performance of effective core potentials (ECP) and model potentials (MP) has been studied by calculating the geometries and reaction energies of isodesmic reactions for the molecules Ti(CH3)nCl4 - n (n = 0-4) at the Hartree-Fock level of theory. The results are compared with data from all electron calculations and experimental results as far as available. The all electron calculations were performed with a 3-21G basis set from Hehre and a (53321/521/41) basis set from Huzinaga. For the ECP calculations the potentials developed by Hay and Wadt, and for the MP calculations, the model potentials developed by Sakai and Huzinaga, are employed. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 141
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Procedures have been developed to generate molecular electrostatic potentials based on correlated wave function from ab initio or semiempirical electronic structure programs. A new algorithm for point-wise sampling of the potential is described and used to obtain partial atomic charges via a linear, least squares fit between classical and quantum mechanical electrostatic potentials. The proposed sampling algorithm is efficient and promises to introduce less rotational variance in the potential derived partial charges than algorithms applied previously. Electrostatic potentials and fitted atomic charges from ab initio (HF/6-31G* and MP2/6-31G*) and semiempirical (INDO/S; HF, SECI, and SDCI) wave functions are presented for the electronic ground (S0) and excited (1Lb, 1La) states of 3-methylindole. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 142
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 971-978 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Interactions of water with various methyl hydrogens were studied using ab initio quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics. Our goal was to determine the effect of electronegative substituents on the nonbonded interactions of hydrogens. We found that methyl hydrogens are indeed very much affected by substituents and that standard van der Waals parameters used for these hydrogens in molecular mechanics do not reproduce these effects. Adjusted van der Waals parameters are presented that reproduce the ab initio values, and their use is discussed, as well as a general approach to van der Waals parameters on all types of hydrogens. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 143
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 1022-1035 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Dynamics simulations of molecular systems are notoriously computationally intensive. Using parallel computers for these simulations is important for reducing their turnaround time. In this article we describe a parallelization of the simulation program CHARMM for the Intel iPSC/860, a distributed memory multiprocessor. In the parallelization, the computational work is partitioned among the processors for core calculations including the calculation of forces, the integration of equations of motion, the correction of atomic coordinates by constraint, and the generation and update of data structures used to compute nonbonded interactions. Processors coordinate their activity using synchronous communication to exchange data values. Key data structures used are partitioned among the processors in nearly equal pieces, reducing the memory requirement per node and making it possible to simulate larger molecular systems. We examine the effectiveness of the parallelization in the context of a case study of a realistic molecular system. While effective speedup was achieved for many of the dynamics calculations, other calculations fared less well due to growing communication costs for exchanging data among processors. The strategies we used are applicable to parallelization of similar molecular mechanics and dynamics programs for distributed memory multiprocessors. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 144
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 602-613 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: An analytical derivation of multicenter and multiparticle integrals for explicitly correlated Cartesian Gaussian-type cluster functions is demonstrated. The evaluation method is based on the application of raising operators that transform spherical cluster Gaussian functions into Cartesian Gaussian functions.
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  • 145
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The ability of the MNDO, AM1, and PM3 semiempirical methods to reproduce pyramidalization at the nitrogen in 15 aromatic amines has been examined and compared to experimental and other theoretical results. AM1 consistently gives the best agreement. We have therefore reexamined the DNA intercalating compounds m-AMSA and o-AMSA using AM1.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
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  • 146
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 667-673 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: Free energy perturbation calculations were conducted on the mutations of pyrimidine-to-pyrimidine, purine-to-purine, purine-to-pyrimidine, and pyrimidine-to-purine nucleosides. The parameters and technique required for these perturbations is presented. Each of the four nucleosides in DNA were mutated into the other three nucleosides, and the calculated change in free energy for each of the 12 mutations is reported.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 147
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 730-748 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A computational method for exploring the orientational and conformational space of a flexible ligand within a macromolecular receptor site is presented. The approach uses a variant of the DOCK algorithm [Kuntz et al., J. Mol. Biol., 161, 288 (1982)] to determine orientations of a fragment of the ligand within the site. These positions then form the basis for exploring the conformational space of the rest of the ligand, using a systematic search algorithm. The search incorporates a method by which the ligand conformation can be modified in response to interactions with the receptor. The approach is applied to two test cases, in both of which the crystallographically determined structures are obtained. However, alternative models can also be obtained that differ significantly from those observed experimentally. The ability of a variety of measures of the intermolecular interaction to discriminate among these structures is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 148
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 810-820 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: A systematic derivation procedure that greatly facilitates the application of the Taylor method to the integration of kinetic models is developed. In addition, an algorithm that gives the integration step as a function of the required level of accuracy is proposed. Using the Taylor method, application of this algorithm is immediate and largely reduces the integration time. In addition, a new method of integration of kinetic models, whose most important feature is the self-adaptability to the stiffness of the system along the integration process, is developed. This “stiffness-adaptive” Taylor method (SAT method) makes use of several algorithms, combining them to meet the particular requirements of the integration of each species along the integration process. In comparison with the Runge-Kutta-Felhberg, Runge-Kutta-Calahan, Taylor, and Gear methods, the SAT method is the best to integrate non-stiff and stiff kinetic systems, giving the best accuracy and the smallest computing time. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 149
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    Journal of Computational Chemistry 13 (1992), S. 935-943 
    ISSN: 0192-8651
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science
    Notes: The performance of effective core potentials (ECP) for the main group elements of group IV has been studied by calculating the geometries and reaction energies of isodesmic reactions for the molecules M(CH3)nCl4 - n (M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; n = 0-4) at the Hartree-Fock level of theory. The results are compared with data from all electron calculations and experimental results as far as available. The all electron calculations were performed with a 3-21G(d) and a 6-31G(d) basis set for Si, a (43321/4321/41) basis set for Ge, and a (433321/43321/431) basis set for Sn. For the ECP calculations the potentials developed by Hay and Wadt with a configuration (n)sa(n)pb and the valence basis set (21/21), extended by a set of d functions, are employed. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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