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  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (21)
  • 2006  (4)
  • 1993  (21)
  • Canals, Design and construction.
  • Dehalococcoides
  • biodegradation
  • 1
    Unknown
    Hydraulic canals : design, construction, regulation and maintenance (2006)
    London ; New York : Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Keywords: Canals, Design and construction. ; Canals, Maintenance and repair.
    Pages: xx, 389 p.
    ISBN: 0-203-01242-9
    URL: http://www.netLibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=144327
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    E-Book (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic Bioremediation of Groundwater Containing a Mixture of 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane and Chloroethenes (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioremediation ; Dehalococcoides ; dechlorination ; microcosm ; tetrachloroethane ; trichloroethene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the biotransformation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA) in the presence of chloroethenes (i.e. tetrachloroethene, PCE; trichloroethene, TCE) in anaerobic microcosms constructed with subsurface soil and groundwater from a contaminated site. When amended with yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, or H2 and acetate, 1,1,2,2-TeCA was initially dechlorinated via both hydrogenolysis to 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) (major pathway) and dichloroelimination to dichloroethenes (DCEs) (minor pathway), with both reactions occurring under sulfidogenic conditions. In the presence of only H2, the hydrogenolysis of 1,1,2,2-TeCA to 1,1,2-TCA apparently required the presence of acetate to occur. Once formed, 1,1,2-TCA was degraded predominantly via dichloroelimination to vinyl chloride (VC). Ultimately, chloroethanes were converted to chloroethenes (mainly VC and DCEs) which persisted in the microcosms for very long periods along with PCE and TCE originally present in the groundwater. Hydrogenolysis of chloroethenes occurred only after highly reducing methanogenic conditions were established. However, substantial conversion to ethene (ETH) was observed only in microcosms amended with yeast extract (200 mg/l), suggesting that groundwater lacked some nutritional factors which were likely provided to dechlorinating microorganisms by this complex organic substrate. Bioaugmentation with an H2-utilizing PCE-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides spp. -containing culture resulted in the conversion of 1,1,2,2-TeCA, PCE and TCE to ETH and VC. No chloroethanes accumulated during degradation suggesting that 1,1,2,2-TeCA was degraded through initial dichloroelimination into DCEs and then typical hydrogenolysis into ETH and VC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-4218-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of Fenitrothion-degrading Strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 and Cloning of mpd Gene (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 275-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; Burkholderia ; fenitrothion ; mpd gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A short rod shaped, gram-negative bacterium strain Burkholderia sp. FDS-1 was isolated from the sludge of the wastewater treating system of an organophosphorus pesticides manufacturer. The isolate was capable of using fenitrothion as the sole carbon source for its growth. FDS-1 first hydrolyzed fenitrothion to 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, which was further metabolized to nitrite and methylhydroquinone. The addition of other carbon source and omitting phosphorus source had little effect on the hydrolysis of fenitrothion. The gene encoding the organophosphorus hydrolytic enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was similar to mpd, a gene previously shown to encode a parathion-methyl-hydrolyzing enzyme in Plesiomonas sp. M6. The inoculation of strain FDS-1 (106 cells g−1) to soil treated with 100 mg fenitrothion emulsion kg−1 resulted in a higher degradation rate than in noninoculated soils regardless of the soil sterilized or nonsterilized. These results highlight the potential of this bacterium to be used in the cleanup of contaminated pesticide waste in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7130-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Bioaugmentation on Metal Cyanide Degradation and Soil Bacteria Community Structure (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; DGGE ; K2Ni(CN)4 soil bacterial populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Metal cyanides are significant contaminants of many soils found at the site of former industrial activity. In this study we isolated bacteria capable of degrading ferric ferrocyanide and K2Ni(CN)4. One of these bacteria a Rhodococcus spp. was subsequently used to bioaugment a minimal medium broth, spiked with K2Ni(CN)4, containing 1 g of either an uncontaminated topsoil or a former coke works site soil. Degradation of the K2Ni(CN)4 was observed in both soils, however, bioaugmentation did not significantly impact the rate or degree of K2Ni(CN)4 removal. Statistical analysis of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles showed that the topsoil bacterial community had a higher biodiversity, and its structure was not significantly affected by either K2Ni(CN)4 or bioaugmentation. In contrast, profiles from the coke works site indicated significant changes in the bacterial community in response to these additions. Moreover, in both soils although bioaugmentation did not affect rates of biodegradation the Rhodococcus spp. did become established in the communities in broths containing both top and coke works soil. We conclude that bacterial communities from contaminated soils with low biodiversity are much more readily perturbed through interventions such as contamination events or bioaugmentation treatments and discuss the implications of these findings for bioremediation studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-4219-6
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased biodegradation of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix in starch-filled LDPE materials (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Degradation ; biodegradation ; starch-filled ; polyethylene ; prooxidant ; autoxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Preheated14C-labeled LDPE-films with 15% corn starch and a proxidant formulation [masterbatch (MB)] incubated in aqueous solutions with fungi at ambient temperature are about three times more susceptible to biodegradation than the corresponding preheated pure LDPE as observed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The inbuilt induction time before autoxidation commences can be shortened by initial heating. Preheated LDPE-MB materials biodegrade about five times faster than nonheated ones. After 1 year of biodegradation of nonheated LDPE-MB, sporadic increases in the evolution of14CO2 have been noted, showing that the induction time may be running toward and end.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458290
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradable water-soluble polycarboxylic acid design: Biodegradability and builder performance in detergent formulation of partially dicarboxylated polyuronide containing sugar residues in the backbone (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Partially dicarboxylated polyuronide ; biodegradation ; design ; pectic acid ; alginic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Partially dicarboxylated polyuronide having a variable amount of unreacted sugar blocks as an enzymatically cleavable segment was prepared by the controlled oxidation of pectic acid and alginic acid. It was found that partially dicarboxylated polyuronides containing uronide blocks showed better biodegradability than those having no uronide block in the polycarboxylate chain. The rate of biodegradation varies according to the degree of dicarboxylation. It was confirmed that dicarboxy polyuronides containing more than 70% unreacted uronide residues tended to biodegrade quickly. The biodegradability obtained by the BOD test and the enzymatic degradability are well correlated, suggesting that these polymers are first cleaved at the sugar blocks by carbohydrase with subsequent assimilation of the resultant oligomeric fractions. Detergency was dependent on the content of the carboxylate groups in the polymer. The polymers with high carboxylate contents showed better builder performance. The detergency of dicarboxy pectic acid was better than that of dicarboxy alginic acid when compared on the basis of an equal degree of dicarboxylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01457650
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) and polyolefin blends in a municipal wastewater treatment facility (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) ; biodegradation ; activated sludge ; starch-polyolefin blends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Six types of plastics and plastic blends, the latter composed at least partially of biodegradable material, were exposed to aerobically treated wastewater (activated sludge) to ascertain their biodegradability. In one study, duplicate samples of 6% starch in polypropylene, 12% starch in linear low-density polyethylene, 30% polycaprolactone in linear low-density polyethylene, and poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), a microbially produced polyester, were exposed to activated sludge for 5 months, and changes in mass, molecular weight average, and tensile properties were measured. None of the blended material showed any sign of degradation. PHB/V, however, showed a considerable loss of mass and a significant loss of tensile strength. In a second study, PHB/V degraded rapidly, but another type of microbial polymer which forms a thermoplastic elastomer, poly(β-hydroxyoctanoate), did not degrade. These results illustrate the potential for disposal and degradation of PHB/V in municipal wastewater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458293
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of sorbed- and separate-phase chemicals (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 141-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioavailability ; biodegradation ; sorption ; oil ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695116
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the biodegradation of PCBs in anaerobically dechlorinated river sediments (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: aerobic ; anaerobic ; biodegradation ; hydrogen peroxide ; polychlorinated biphenyls ; sequential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The ability to initiate aerobic conditions in dechlorinated anaerobic sediments was tested using hydrogen peroxide as an oxygenation agent. Hydrogen peroxide additions to the sediment induced aerobic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degraders as indicated first, by an increase in bacterial count and second by a decline in PCB concentration from 135 µg/g to 20 µg/g over a 96-day period. Dechlorinated anaerobic sediment seems also to harbor indigenous anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms with high PCB degradation abilities. Those results support the potential ofin situ degradation of PCBs using a sequential anaerobic-aerobic technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695972
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological aspects of the removal of chlorinated hydrocarbons from air (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 261-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: chlorinated hydrocarbons ; biodegradation ; biotransformation ; cometabolism ; gaseous emissions ; waste gas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Chlorinated hydrocarbons are widely used synthetic chemicals that are frequently present in industrial emissions. Bacterial degradation has been demonstrated for several components of this class of compounds. Structural features that affect the degradability include the number of chlorine atoms and the presence of oxygen substituents. Biological removal from waste streams of compounds that serve as a growth substrate can relatively easily be achieved. Substrates with more chlorine substituents can be converted cometabolically by oxidative routes. The microbiological principles that influence the biodegradability of chlorinated hydrocarbons are described. A number of factors that will determine the performance of microorganisms in systems for waste gas treatment is discussed. Pilot plant evaluations, including economics, of a biological trickling filter for the treatment of dichloromethane containing waste gas indicate that at least for this compound biological treatment is cost effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695974
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of 2-sec-butylphenol: 3-sec-butylcatechol,2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylnona-2,4-dienoic acid, and 2-methylbutyric acid as intermediates (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: 2-sec-butylphenol ; 3-sec-butylcatechol ; biodegradation ; meta-cleavage product ; monooxygenase ; metapyrocatechase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas sp. strain HBP1 Prp, a mutant of strain HBP1 that was originally isolated on 2-hydroxybiphenyl, was able to grow on 2-sec-butylphenol as the sole carbon and energy source. During growth on 2-sec-butylphenol, 2-methylbutyric acid transiently accumulated in the culture medium. Its concentration reached a maximum after 20 hours and was below detection limit at the end of the growth experiment. The first three enzymes of the degradation pathway — a NADH-dependent monooxygenase, a metapyrocatechase, and ameta-fission product hydrolase — were partially purified. The product of the the monooxygenase reaction was identified as 3-sec-butylcatechol by mass spectrometry. This compound was a substrate for the metapyrocatechase and was converted to 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylnona-2,4-dienoic acid which was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its trimethylsilyl-derivative. The cofactor independentmeta-cleavage product hydrolase used 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylnona-2,4-dienoic acid as a substrate. All three enzymes showed highest activities for 2-hydroxybiphenyl and its metabolites, respectively, indicating that 2-sec-butylphenol is metabolized via the same pathway as 2-hydroxybiphenyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702324
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A microbial biosensor system for dihalomethanes (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; biosensor ; dechlorination ; dehalogenase ; dichloromethane ; Hyphomicrobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A biosensor system able to measure dichloromethane (DCM) and other dihalomethanes has been developed. The analysis is based on Hyphomicrobium DM2 cells immobilized in alginate. A combination of transducers consisting of a flow-calorimeter followed by a chloride-sensitive electrode has been used. By this design it was possible to monitor different aspects of the cell metabolism from one and the same pulse of substrate. The detection limit for the biosensor was 0.1 µM dichloromethane. The biosensor system can be used for continuous measurements in a sample stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702326
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic interaction between two bacterial isolates in the degradation of carbofuran (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: insecticides ; methylcarbamates ; carbofuran ; carbaryl ; bendiocarb ; carbosulfan ; biodegradation ; bacterial degradation ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dominant bacteriaPseudomonas sp. andArthrobacter sp. were isolated from the standing water of carbofuran-retreatedAzolla plot.Arthrobacter sp. hydrolysed carbofuran added to the mineral salts medium as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen while no degradation occurred withPseudomonas sp. Interestingly, when the medium containing carbofuran was inoculated with bothArthrobacter sp. andPseudomonas sp., a synergistic increase in its hydrolysis and subsequent release of CO2 from the side chain was noticed. This synergistic interaction was better expressed at 25° C than at 35° C. Likewise, related carbamates, carbaryl, bendiocarb and carbosulfan were more rapidly degraded in the combined presence of both bacterial isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702328
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of the insecticide Hydramethylnon byPhanerochaete chrysosporium (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: Hydramethylnon ; insecticide ; lignin peroxidase ; biodegradation ; Phanerochaete chrysosporium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The decomposition of the amidinohydrazone-type insecticide Hydramethylnon (HMN) by soil fungi has been investigated. A simple spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of HMN in soil and fungal culture media. HMN was found to be degraded in soil with a half life of 14 to 25 days. Degradation of HMN by the lignolytic fungus,Phanerochaete chrysosporium yielded two major breakdown products;p-(trifluoromethyl)-cinnamic acid (TFCA) andp-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoic acid (TFBA). TFCA was converted to TFBA which was subsequently metabolised via themeta-fission pathway. Fluoride release from HMN could not be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702330
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic, phenol-induced TCE degradation in completely mixed, continuous-culture reactors (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: trichloroethylene (TCE) ; biodegradation ; phenol ; Pseudomonas ; induction ; cometabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract BothPseudomonas putida F1 and a mixed culture were used to study TCE degradation in continuous culture under aerobic, non-methanotrophic conditions. TCE mass balance studies were performed with continuous culture reactors to determine the total percent removed in the reactors, and to quantify the percent removed by air stripping and biodegradation. Adsorption of TCE to biomass was assumed to be negligible. This research demonstrated the feasibility of treating TCE-contaminated water under aerobic, non-methanotrophic conditions with a mixed-culture, continuous-flow system. Initially glucose and acetate were fed as primary substrates. Pnenol, which has been shown to induce TCE-degrading enzymes, was fed at a much lower concentration (20mg/L). Little degradation of TCE was observed when acetate and glucose were the primary substrates. After omitting glucose and acetate from the feed and increasing the phenol concentration to 50mg/L, TCE biotransformation was observed at a significant level (46%). When the phenol concentration in the feed was increased to 420mg/L, 85% of the incoming TCE was estimated to have been biodegraded. Under the same conditions, phenol utilization by the mixed culture was greater than that ofP. putida F1, and TCE degradation by the mixed culture (85%) exceeded that ofP. putida F1 (55%). The estimated percent-of-TCE biodegraded by the mixed culture was consistently greater than 80% when phenol was fed at 420mg/L. Biodegradation of TCE was also observed in mixed-culture, batch experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701455
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic diversity of aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer (1993)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 4 (1993), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: aromatic hydrocarbons ; biodegradation ; bioremediation ; denitrification ; groundwater ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We characterized bacteria from contaminated aquifers for their ability to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons under hypoxic (oxygen-limiting) conditions (initial dissolved oxygen concentration about 2 mg/l) with nitrate as an alternate electron acceptor. This is relevant to current intense efforts to establish favorable conditions forin situ bioremediation. Using samples of granular activated carbon slurries from an operating groundwater treatment system, we isolated bacteria that are able to use benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, orp-xylene as their sole source of carbon under aerobic or hypoxic-denitrifying conditions. Direct isolation on solid medium incubated aerobically or hypoxically with the substrate supplied as vapor yielded 103 to 105 bacteria ml−1 of slurry supernatant, with numbers varying little with respect to isolation substrate or conditions. More than sixty bacterial isolates that varied in colony morphology were purified and characterized according to substrate utilization profiles and growth condition (i.e., aerobic vs. hypoxic) specificity. Strains with distinct characteristics were obtained using benzene compared with those isolated on toluene or ethylbenzene. In general, isolates obtained from direct selection on benzene minimal medium grew well under aerobic conditions but poorly under hypoxic conditions, whereas many ethylbenzene isolates grew well under both incubation conditions. We conclude that the conditions of isolation, rather than the substrate used, will influence the apparent characteristic substrate utilization range of the isolates obtained. Also, using an enrichment culture technique, we isolated a strain ofPseudomonas fluorescens, designated CFS215, which exhibited nitrate dependent degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons under hypoxic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695973
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of copolymers composed of 2-methylene-1,3,6-trioxocane and vinyl monomers and their enzymatic degradation (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 3159-3163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radical ring-opening polymerization ; ketene acetal ; biodegradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311233
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of nitriles and amides by the immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 483-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Acetonitrile ; amides ; biodegradation ; immobilization ; nitriles ; Pseudomonas putida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas putida, capable of utilizing acetonitrile as a sole source of C and N, was immobilized in calcium alginate and the rates of degradation of nitriles, including acetonitrile, and their respective amides were studied. All the organic nitriles and amides tested were converted into NH3 and CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328038
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biofiltration of methanol vapor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 512-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biofiltration ; biofilter modeling ; methanol ; biodegradation ; VOC emissions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biofiltration of solvent and fuel vapors may offer a costeffective way to comply with increasingly strict air emission standards. An important step in the development of this technology is to derive and validate mathematical models of the biofiltration process for predictive and scaleup calculations. For the study of methanol vapor biofiltration, an 8-membered bacterial consortium was obtained from methanol-exposed soil. The bacteria were immobilized on solid support and packed into a 5-cm-diameter, 60-cm-high column provided with appropriate flowmeters and sampling ports. The solid support was prepared by mixing two volumes of peat with three volumes of perlite particles (i.e., peat-perlite volume ratio 2:3). Two series of experiments were performed. In the first, the inlet methanol concentration was kept constant while the superficial air velocity was varied from run to run. In the second series, the air flow rate (velocity) was kept constant while the inlet methanol concentration was varied. The unit proved effective in removing methanol at rates up to 112.8 g h-1 m-3 packing. A mathematical model has been derived and validated. The model described and predicted experimental results closely. Both experimental data and model predictions suggest that the methanol biofiltration process was limited by oxygen diffusion and methanol degradation kinetics. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410503
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Criteria to assess when biodegradation is kinetically limited by intraparticle diffusion and sorption (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 625-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: bioremediation ; biodegradation ; soil ; sorption/desorption ; intraparticle diffusion ; pollution ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To determine when intraparticle diffusion and sorption can influence the rate of biodegradation, we consider the biodegradation of a pollutant diffusing into or out of porous aggregates suspended in a liquid medium, where the reactant is metabolized by bacteria. The pollutant that diffuses into the aggregates obeys a sorption-desorption equilibrium isotherm at sites on inner pore surfaces. The governing partial differential equations for the transient process describe (a) the local equilibrium sorption-desorption and the diffusion of the pollutant in the porous aggregate, (b) the mass transfer of the pollutant from the external surface of the spherical aggregates to the reaction medium, and (c) the biodegradation of the pollutant in the external medium. Illustrative calculations are presented for a linear sorption calculations are presented for a linear sorption isotherm and first-order biodegradation kinetics. A dimensionless group, comprised of the diffusion coefficient, biodegradation rate coefficient, aggregate characteristics length (radius), and adsorption capacity, serves as a criterion for determining when intraparticle diffusion can be ignored. The model provides a realistic description of experimental data for biodegradation of a pollutant subject to intraparticle diffusion and sorption. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410605
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenol removal from waste gases with a biological filter by Pseudomonas putida (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 693-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phenol ; biodegradation ; biofilter ; Pseudomonas putida ; deodorization ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of biologically removing phenol from waste gases by means of a biofilter using a Pseudomonas putida strain. Two series of both batch and continuous tests have been performed in order to ascertain the microbial degradation of phenol. For the preliminary batch tests, carried out in order to test the effective feasibility of the process and to investigate their kinetic behavior, two different microbial cultures belonging to the Pseudomonas genus have been employed, a heterogeneous culture and a pure strain of P. putida. The results of these comparative investigation showed that the pure culture is more efficient than the mixed one, even when the latter has undergone three successive acclimatization tests. The continuous experiments have been conducted during a period of about 1 year in a laboratory-scale column, packed with a mixture of peat and glass beads, and utilizing the pure culture of P. putida as microflora and varying the inlet phenol concentration from 50 up to 2000 mg m-3. The results obtained show that high degrees of conversion can be obtained (0.93/0.996) operating at a residence time of 54 s. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410703
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between two microbial populations in a sequencing fed-batch reactor: Theory, experimental verification, and implications for waste treatment applications (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 643-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biodegradation ; microbial competition ; sequencing fed-batch reactor ; phenol ; wastewater treatment ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Competition between two microbial populations for a single pollutant (phenol) was studied in a sequencing fed-batch reactor (SFBR). A mathematical model describing this system was developed and tested experimentally. It is based on specific growth rate expressions revealed from pure culture batch experiments. The species employed were Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17514) and Pseudomonas resinovorans (ATCC 14235). It was found that both species biodegrade phenol following inhibitory kinetics which can be described by Andrews' expression. The model predicts that the dynamics of a SFBR, and the kinetics of biodegradation, result in a complex set of operating regimes in which neither species, only one species, or both species can survive at steady cycle. The model also predicts the existence of multiple outcomes, achievable from different start-up conditions, in some domains of the operating parameter space. Experimental results confirmed the model predictions. There was excellent agreement between predicted and measured concentrations of phenol, total biomass, and the biomass of each individual species. This study shows how serious discrepancies can arise in scale-up of biodegradation data if population dynamics are not taken into account. It also further confirms experimentally the theory of microbial competition in periodically forced bioreactors. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420513
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodegradation of an inhibitory nongrowth substrate (nitroglycerin) in batch reactors (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acclimation ; biodegradation ; cometabolism ; ethyl acetate ; explosives ; nitroglycerin ; nongrowth substrate ; primary substrate ; priority pollutants ; sequencing batch reactors ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Biodegradation of nitroglycerin (NG), an inhibitory, nongrowth substrate present in a multicomponent munition wastewater, was investigated in a pilot-scale batch reactor operated with both aerobic and anoxic cycles. A mixed culture was initially acclimated by gradual introduction of NG into influent and subsequently exposed to actual NG-laden production wastewater. System performance revealed that NG was amenable to aerobic biodegradation without adverse impact on removal efficiencies of other pollutants. Temporal NG concentration profiles indicated that an influent concentration of approximately 200 mg/L of NG was reduced to below detection limits in less than 5 h of aeration with no appreciable (〈4%) biosorption. Failure of NG-acclimated cultures to utilize NG as a sole carbon source in bench-scale reactors suggested that NG behaved as a non-growth substrate and its degradation possibly occurred by cometabolism. Ethyl acetate present in the waste stream was an adequate growth substrate in terms of both biological and physicochemical properties. High concentrations of NO3-N, produced as a result of aerobic degradation of NG and other nitrogenous compounds of the waste, were treated in an anoxic phase. Approximately 95 mg/L of NO3-N was denitrified to below detection limits in 5 h of anoxia without the addition of external carbon sources. Two SRB cycle schemes with different static-fill times exhibited significant differences in treatment efficiencies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410111
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TCE degradation in a methanotrophic attached-film bioreactor (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 859-872 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: methanotroph ; trichloroethane ; expanded bed ; attached film ; biodegradation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trichloroethene was degraded in expanded-bed bioreactors operated with mixed-culture methanotrophic attached films. Biomass concentrations of 8 to 75 g volatile solids (VS) per liter static bed (Lsb) were observed. Batch TCE degradation rates at 35°C followed the Michaelis-Menten model, and a maximum TCE degradation rate (qmax) of 10.6 mg TCE/gVS · day and a half velocity coefficient (KS) of 2.8 mg TCE/L were predicted. Continuous-flow kinetics also followed the Michaelis-Menten model, but other parameters may be limiting, such as dissolved copper and dissolved methane - qmax and KS were 2.9 mg TCE/gVS · day and 1.5 mg TCE/L, respectively, at low copper concentrations (0.003 to 0.006 mg Cu/L). The maximum rates decreased substantially with small increases in dissolved copper. Methane consumption during continuous-flow operation varied from 23 to 1200 g CH4/g TCE degraded. Increasing the influent dissolved methane concentration from 0.01 mg/L to 5.4 mg/L reduced the TCE degradation rate by nearly an order of magnitude at 21°C. Exposure of biofilms to 1.4 mg/L tetrachloroethene (PCE) at 35°C resulted in the loss of methane utilization ability. Tests with methanotrophs grown on granular activated carbon indicated that lower effluent TCE concentrations could be obtained. The low efficiencies of TCE removal and low degradation rates obtained at 35°C suggest that additional improvements will be necessary to make methanotrophic TCE treatment attractive. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420711
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confusion between dimethyl selenenyl sulfide and dimethyl selenone released by bacteria (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 7 (1993), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Bioremediation ; biodegradation ; dimethyl selenenyl sulfide ; biomethylation ; pathway ; chemiluminescence ; micro-organism ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dimethyl selenone [(CH3)2SeO2] has been reported in the literature as a metabolite released by bacteria in contact with selenium metal or selenium salts. In this study, mass spectral, chromatographic, and boiling-point data are presented that show that dimethyl selenone has been confused with dimethyl selenenyl sulfide (CH3SeSCH3). In addition, the headspaces above monocultures of selenium-resistant bacteria were examined using gas chromatography followed by fluorine-induced chemiluminescence detection. A number of alkyl sulfur and selenium species were detected, along with dimethyl selenenyl sulfide. A pathway from oxidized selenium salts to reduced methylated selenides and dimethyl selenenyl sulfide is also presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590070507
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