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  • 1995-1999
  • 1965-1969  (4,383)
  • 1880-1889
  • 1966  (4,383)
  • Chemistry  (4,383)
  • Nuclear reactions
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Material
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1965-1969  (4,383)
  • 1880-1889
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanism of thermal degradation of certain polyether-polyurethansThis paper represents one phase of research performed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Contact NAS7-100 (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper is an account of some studies of the mechanism of degradation of an uncrosslinked polyurethan prepared from poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) and 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) at temperatures up to 320°C in a vacuum or inert atmosphere. Fractionation of polymers before and after degradation provides information about the mechanism of degradation since the molecular weight distributions obtained are dependent on the mode and sites of bond scission. A recent publication describes the column elution method of fractionation developed for undergraded and slightly degraded PPG-TDI. PPO-TDI gives essentially most probable molecular weight distributions at an initial intrinsic viscosity [η] of ∼ 0.68 dl/g and also after degradation to [η] ∼ 0.24 dl/g. This invariancy of the distribution strongly suggests a randon scission process. Other types of degradation, e.g., free-radical unzipping initiated at the chain ends, could also give invariant most probable distributions. However, such depolymerizations would be accompanied by much larger extents of volatilization than were observed for these polymers (〈5% volatilization).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of moisture on glycidyl reactions with carboxylic acid anhydrides (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Moisture present in epoxy anhyride composites may hydrolyze the anhydride and cause major changes in the mechanical and chemical properties of the final composite. Heat distortion data and infrared spectroscopy are used to analyze the changes caused by the presence of the moisture. As the concentraton of water is increased, there is a decrease in the heat distortion or gass transition temperature. The decrease is due to a change in the crosslinking network and is caused by the reduction of the functonality of the epoxy group for acid as compared to the anhydride. Where rigid specifications must be met it is essential that the moisture level in the fillers, resins, etc. be kept constant.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060201
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and oxidative effects in polyethylenes above 200°C (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There is considerable literature on the behavior of polyethylene below 200°C and above 400°C. This paper presents results on both high and low density polyethylene between 2000 and 400°C, a range of practical import for various fabrication and processing steps. Practical exposure times may be short and the experimental procedures were designed to give meaningful results for times as low as 1 min. The principal effects are chain-session and oxidation. Session was isolated by applying an atmosphere of pure nitrogen and proved uite shlow at 300°C but rapid at 400°C. The course of scission and produces discoloration, odor, and rising carbonyl content. A brief discussion is given of the role of diffusion in oxidation.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of silane coupling agents in improving the properties of filled or reinforced thermoplastics (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 97-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The application of silane coupling action produces significant improvements in physical properties in various thermpolastic resin systems. Both glass-reinforced thermoplastics and the more conventional filled thermoplastic resin systems were studied. An order of specificity between resin and coupling agent exists for thermoplastic resins similar to that of thermosets. The interaction with thermosets is considered copolymerization, wereas that with thermoplastics is not yet clearly defined. The silanes are incorporated by pre-treatment (best for glass reinforcement) or by addition during normal compounding. Fillers are added for a specific result, often with sacrifice of physical strength. Data presented show that silane addition upgrades filled thermoplastics to the level of clear resins and sometimes above. The effect of silanes on electrical properties of filled thermoplastics are also reported.
    Additional Material: 20 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060203
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photometric method for measuring crazing in transparent plastic materials (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An optical method has been developed to provide quantitative results useful for characterizing the crazing of transparent plastics. The procedure consists of the detection of discontinuities in a beam of light that scans the specimen in a direction perpendicular to the line of crazing. The light is transmitted to a photomultiplier that is connected with an amplifying system and a recorder that provides a diagram of the light energy modulated by the lines of crazing. The specimen is scanner both before and after subjecting it to a treatment that causes crazing, and the crazing index is considered to be the difference between the area below the two curves.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060207
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact behavior of rigid PVC compounds (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many rigid PVC compounds show a sharp transition from tough to brittle fracture with decreasing temperature in impact testing, and this temperature becomes a criterion of compound quality in addition to the impact strength observed at specific temperatures. This BT (brittle fracture) has been investigated individuall in commercial and experimental elastomer modified rigid PVC compounds. Factors affecting the BT include speciman thickness, composition and processing conditions. Apparently the discontinuity in impact behavior is a sudden manifestation of a gradual change, resulting in a near ten-fold decrease in notched impact strength without any obvious change in properties. The BT provides a continuous scale for comparing impact properties of compounds, and is thus more versatile and sensitive than impact tests run at a single temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060214
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamentals of melt rheology, heat generation, and heat transfer as applied to polymer processing (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 158-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The flow of polymer melts is normally laminar, but pseudoplastic in character. That is, flow rate increases in proportion to a power higher then 1, usually between 1.5 and 4, of the applied pressure difference. Viscosities are extremely high - more then a mollion times that of water - so considerable heat is generated in the flowing melt by viscous dissipation of flow energy. This mode of heat generation is put to good practial use in the screw extruder, a device that converts plastic pellets into hot melt for shaping into pipe, sheets, coatings and molded products. Equations are given for computing flow rates and viscous dissipation rates. Heating (except by viscous working) and cooling of polymers are slow processes because all these materials are poor heat conducts nad their extreme viscosities make convection impracticable. The princliples of heat transfer are reviewed, and the solutions are given for some transient-conduction problems frequenlty encountered in processing. Equations are given for judging the operation of extruders.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060213
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 182-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Newtonian tangential flow in cylindrical annuli. IV (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tangential flow of a “power law” model fluid between two concentric cylinders is analyzed. A constant angular pressure gradient is imposed and one of the cylinders is rotating at a constant angular velocity. This type of flow is of interest in screw extrusion theory. The error in the superposition, i.e., linear addition of tangential pressure and drag flows, for a “power law” model fluid, is quantitatively calculated and plotted in the form of a correction factor. Tangential pressure flow is compared to a pressure flow between parallel plates and additional correction factor to account for the curvature is derived and plotted. The applicability of the “power law” model for flow of polymer melts in extruders is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060306
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. III. Development of a mathematical model (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article describes a general mathematical model summarized in the form of a computer program for the plasticating extruder. The model combines features of the metering-zone model previously published, the melting-zone model described in paper No. I of this series, and a feed-zone model based on an extension of known theories. It is based on theoretical models for each zone unified and improved by non-linear estimation to accurately describe the extrusion experiments.The mathematical model predicts temperature, pressure, and melt channel width profiles of the plastic being processed in the plasticating extruder as a function of design and operating variables of the machine. It enables for the first time the design of the whole machine based on temperature and pressure profiles, including new combinations of cylindrical and tapered roots.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060305
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractional crystallization of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of a fractional crystallization technique for characterization of polypropylenes with respect to stereoregularity is described. It is a simple technique which is attractive for routine analysis and under suitable conditions yields quantitative data with good reproducibility. Separation by fractional crystallization from hot xylene solution is shown to take place according to polymer crystallizability and is relatively independent of molecular weight. It thus represents an alternative and in some ways superior approach to the more commonly used fractional extraction method. Preliminary work indicates that the fractional crystallization method may prove of value in establishing correlations between the stereoregular nature of polypropylenes and their physical properties.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060307
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of annealing on the density and tensile properties of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 244-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The density and tensile property changes in polypropylene resulting from various post-crystallization aging procedures are investigated with the aim of (1) establishing standard procedures for the evaluation of these properties and (2) determining which conditioning treatment will provide optimum tensile properties. The morphology and resultant tensile behavior of polypropylene are particularly sensitive to conditioning treatments in the temperature range 145-160°C. A procedure for compression molding plaques, carrying out isothermal annealing treatment in the 100-170°C range and gradual cooling is described. The dependence on annealing temperature of the density, elongation, tensile modulus and yield stress is given.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060312
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal conductivity of high polymers - the influence of molecular weight (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 260-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some earlier observations on the influence of molecular weight, plasticizer, and irradiation on the thermal conductivity of polymers is reviewed. Also some new data on polystyrene and some new calculations based on the theory of Hansen and Ho are presented. These data show almost a two fold increase in the thermal conductivity of polystyrene as the molecular weight goes from 900 to 100,000. Data on the moleculer weight effect on thermal conductivity appear to be consistent with the theoretical calculations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060315
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoxidation of semicrystalline polyethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal oxidation in linear polyethylene is mainly confined to disordered regions in which scission reactions cause crystallization and eventual deterioration of mechanical properties. Gel formation is negligible at 100°C. As degradation proceeds, comparable changes occur in the intrinsic viscosities of melt and solution-crystallized liner polymers, indicating that chain folds are regularly arranged and are resistant to oxidative scission. Breakdown is much more extensive in branched and crosslinked polymers since crosslinking retards oxidative crystallization and branching increases the volume fraction of substrate ultimately accessible to oxygen.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060317
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the thermal degradation of linear polyethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: For a system of equivalent bonds undergoing random bond scission it is reasonable to assume that the rate of bond breaking (hence the rate of creation of new molecules) reported in the literature and data presented here demonstrate that the number of molecules created is not proportional to the time of thermal treatment hence they seem to belie this reasonable hypothesis. Other authors have adduced the presence of some non-equivalent bonds in order to account for the observed cruvature and still retain the hypothesis. Implicit in these arguments is the assumption of a steady-state concentration of reactive fragments. Our analysis explores the consequences of abandoning the steady-state assumption and shows that a quantitative explanation of the observed degradation behavior may be had by this means wihile still retaining the hypothesis of a constant probability of a bond being broken per unit time.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060404
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-line annealing - a new approach to the extrusion of high quality rigid vinyl products (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 248-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Most polymers exhibit a very fluid melt rheology during extrusion and can be distorted, drawn down, and cooled without building excessive residual stresses into the product. In contrast, rigid vinyl is usually extruded as a stiff, almost selfsupporting mass. Care must be taken to prevent the formation ot oriented stresses in the product which will be relieved during long periods of exposure resulting in dimensional instability and related loss of physical properties. A newly developed method of in-line annealing has shown to be an effective means of relieving oriented stresses developed during extrusion. By use of this instrumented technique, rigid vinyl products can be controlled to much tighter shrinkage specifications in a single step process, thereby eliminating post-annealing treatments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060313
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060401
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 282-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060402
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time dependence of molecular weight distributions in continuous polymerizations (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Residence time distribution (RTD) is a spectral property of contiuous chemical reactors. Batch reactors may be viewed as having “monodisperse” residence time distributions. This article discusses molecular weight distributions (MWDs) of polymeic materials formed in continuous and in semicontinuos process and how they are affected by reaction time distributions. All synthetic high polymers, even those Prepared in batch reaction, possess a MWD which may sometimes, for a given monomer, be altered chemically by a proper choice of catalyst and diluent. An interesting concept suggested by the present work is the prospect of “tailoring” the MWD for a given monomer-catalyst-diluent system physically by selecting appropriate reactor conditions. Hence, althought this work involves analysis the results may provide a guide to synthesis.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060405
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer structures and properties of new heat resistant films and fibers (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Commercial films, elastomers, and fibers have valuable in-use properties below 300°C. Astronautic requirements, however, may evaentually call for materials that withstand 500 hrs at 300°C or 100 hrs at 500°C while fully retaining their useful properties. The most significant advances in the synthesis and preparation of heat resistant polymer have been made since 1959 with new synthetic methods such as interfacial polymerization, cyclopolymerization, and intramolecular polymer post-cyclopolymerization, and intramolecular olymer post-cyclization reactions. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the structural relationships among those heat resistant, orgainc polymers that were reported to give strong films and fibers. Those heat resistant polymers, which have not yet been fabricated into films and fibers are not included in this review.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060415
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the rheology of monodisperse and polydisperse polystyrenes to the analysis of injection molding behavior (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Monodisperse and polydisperse polystyrenes of equal weight average molecular weight (Mw) are evaluated for melt flow behavior in an Instron capillary rheometer and for injection molding behavior in a 12 ounce in-line reciprocationg screw injection molding machine. The influence of molecular weight distribution on the shape of the flow curves is deconstrated over a wide range of shear rate and temperature. The influence is also reflected in injection molding behavior as defined by pressure to fill or flash the mold at a given melt temperature. Studies of capillary rheometer data for correlation with injection moling beghavior indicate poor agreement when low shear rate viscosity data are used. Good agrement is foun using high shear rate viscosity data in the range 103 to 104 sec-1 Striking crossover points on melt rheology and injection colding area diagram curvs are found with the monodisperse and polydisperse polystyrenes of the same M These crossovers shift with melt temperature and make possible the determination of a “controlling shear rate” for the injection molding process. This is found to be 3500 sec-1 for short shot and 6200 sec-1 for flash with the ASTM test specimen mold used in this study.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060416
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060101
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of methods for the determinaton of resin advancement in asbestos-phenolic prepregs (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 79-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The determination of the state of resin advancement in asbestos-phenolic prepregs is important to the processor of this material. Many tests have been proposed for measuring this condition. In this article the follwing tests were made on the prepreg and resin extracted from the prepreg to measure advancement: viscosity, Chang Index,-infrared absorption dielectric constant, dissipation, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor, volume resistivity, and tear strength. Infrared absorption, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor correlated best and were the most sensitive indicators of resin advancement.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060115
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 94-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060202
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an impact test for evaluation of weatherability of rigid plastics (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 124-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Color development in outdoor applications has been widely used as an indication of breakdown in plastic materials although this does not always indicate a change in physical properties. Appearance factors are easily and precisely evaluated by measuring color and surface changes. Measurement of physical property changes is more comples and more meaningful. An optimum test method should measure a property with time, environment and sample form. Ideally, the data should determine service life. The test specimen should be adaptable to a variety of samples. Of the many physical tests of weatherability, impact strength appears most interesting. An inexpensive Variable Impact Tester was Modified and Developed for Measuring the effect of aging on rigid PVC. Data are presented showing the relation between impact values and temperature, sample thickness, process conditions and various environmental exposures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060206
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static coefficients of friction for polyethylenes (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The static coefficients of friction of solid polyolefins against metal surfaces has been determined as functions of pressure, temperature, and metal surface finish. The polymers studied were a low debsity (branched) polyethylene, a high density copolymer, and a high density (linear) polyethylene homocopolymer, and a high density (linear) polyethylene homopolymer. Four metal surfaces were used, with surface roughnesses ranging from 1 1/2 to 18 microinches. The pressure and temperature ranges were 0 to 355 psig and 72 to 225°F, respectively. Data were obtained for the polymers in two forms: granules and flat smooth dise, except for the high density homopolymer which was tested in the disc from only. In general, the results indicated that, for all granules, the coefficient was essentially independent of pressure, but decreased with increasing temperature until the melting point was reached; it varied with metal surface roughness which was greatest for the low density polymer. For the smooth surfaced disc samples, the coefficient also decreased with increasing pressure with high values at low pressure indicating strong adhesion between the polymer and metal surfaces.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060209
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of stresses in formed plastics parts (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To determine the optimum conditions for vacuum forming quality parts, a precise method of determining internal stress required development. The approach investigated was based on the shrinkage of a heated stressed part. Small stress should be proportioned to strain. By exposing loaded tensile specimens simultaneously with the formed part, the material modulus is determined. Results indicated creep which was minimized by using the correct modulus to calculate internal stress. Stresses in a normally formed part and in a part formed cool were compared at two temperatures. Values were higher in most areas of the cool-formed part and consistent at the two temperatures. This method probably can be used on other materials and possibly on injection molded parts.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060212
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compressibility of bulk polymers (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 176-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Bulk compressibilities of a series of linear and crosslinked polymers have been measured, in a Matsuoka-Maxwell apparatus, at pressures up to 10,000 atmospheres and at temperatures to 202°C. These polymers exhibited nonlinear compressibility characteristics and a maximium compressibility of about 15% at 10,000 atmospheres. At slow loading rates, data were obtained for the amorphous polymers which could be expressed as glass-rubber phase gisgrams. The nature of the observed compressibilities are discussed and the usefulness of the data is indicated.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060216
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Antioxidants and UV absorbers are vital to the commercialization of polypropylene because of their influence on this polymer's light stability, heat or oxidative stability, processing stability, and gas fading due to nitrogen oxides. The effects of these stabilizers are measured in terms of polypropylene's initial color, color retention, and retention of physical properties when the polymer is exposed to direct weathering and to elevated temperatures. The relative washfastness or resistance to extraction by aqueous systems under various laundering conditions is another important, measurable property of UV absorbers and antioxidants in polypropylene. Such measurements are usually made using stabilized polypropylene molded plaques and monofilaments containing UV absorbers, antioxidants and, often, combinations of the two.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060310
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AI polymer laminates for high temperature stability (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 227-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Amoco AI amide imide polymer is an all aromatic polymer which is currently being used as a high temperature wire enamel. It also looks promising as a high temperature laminating material. It is available in a stable solid form and is readily formulated in its laminating solvents. B-Staged coated glass cloth with excellent shelf stability is easily prepared. AI laminates retain their initial flexural strength after four weeks at 500°F. They retain 50% of their initial flexural strength after one week at 572°F. Other modifications of this type of polymer are being investigated as laminating materials.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060309
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoregulation and stereoregular polymers (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 240-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The discovery of methods for regulating stereoisomerism in polymer synthesis, and thereby controlling polymer properties, is one of the most significant recent developments in polymer science. Polypropylenes and propylene copolymers are the outstanding products resulting already. This review includes both European and American contributions from the beginning of the idea. It emphasizes researches on polymerization of vinyl ethers and of 1-olefms which have been most important in development of the basic concepts of stereoregulation. The review is based in part upon a paper presented at the Canadian Polymer Forum in Ottawa in September 1965.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060311
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time dependent crystallinity of polybutene-1 (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Isotactic Polybutene-1 can exist in 4 different crystalline phases of varying stability of which two are of greatest importance because they are involved in solidification from the melt initially, the melt cools into an unstable crystalline phase which gradually and spontaneously transforms into a stable, stronger, stiffer, more crystalline phase over a period of days. Rate of development of mechanical properties depends on crystallinity which depends on rate of phase change. However, optical properties develop in an unusual and irregualr way that is significantly affected by external factors, suxh as pressure, temperature, fillers nucleation and geometry.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060411
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue mechanisms of thermoplastics (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Failure in fatigue by the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation originationg at flaws and stress concentrations has been fairly well established. It explains the fatigue phenomena in highly elastic materials, namely metals and certain thermosetting plastics such as reinforced polyester and epoxy resins. We have found, however, that a different mechanism dominates the fatigue behavior of thermoplastics. Specifically, the mechanism involves the generationa of heat within the material due to viscous damping or hysteresis. This paper presents fatigue, damping data and temperature measurements during cyclic stress to support this conclusion on three themoplastic resins of widely different mechanical properties, polyetrafluouoethylene (PTFE), Nylon 6, and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA). In addition to the usual S-N fatigue curves, we wil show how surface temperature changes with fatigue life and how this change is affected by stress, Frequency, crystallinity, specimen geometry and other parameters. Alos, the loss compliance of the materials will be presented as afunction of temperature to show the relationship of fatigue to damping properties.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060414
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical applications of polymer solutions (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To chemists and engineers working in industry, the most important applications of polymer solutions are the experiments leading to the measurement of molecular weight, molecular-weight distribution, and other characteristic parameters of random-coil polymers. This article extends earlier reviews by describing such practical aspects of these measurements as preferred techniques;; commercially-available equipment; analysis cost, sample size, and time; limitations of the methods; and pitfalls in the interpretation of the data. For molecular-weight measurement, commonly-used techniques include end-group analysis, cryoscropy, ebulliometry, osmometry, “vapor-pressure osmometry”, light scattering, and ultracentrifugation. Measurement of certain transport properties correlating emprirically with molecular weight, such as the intrinsic viscosity, is useful if the limitations of the techniques are recognized. Currently, the more promising and powerful methods polymer fractopmatopm are cpmsodered to be column elution and gel permeation chromatography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060413
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of epoxy adhesives when stressed to failure in milliseconds (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This investigation showed, as did an earlier investigation, that the adhesives tested exhibit greater resistance to rapidly applied stresses than they do to slower or gradually applied stresses. Also, the adhesives were shown to lose strength with test temperature whether tested rapidly or slowly. Within a region bounded approximately by a high-temperature second-order transition point (the ASTM heat distortion temperature) and a low-temperature second-order transition point, the test data fits an Arrhenius-type exponential equation, S = AeE/RT, where S is the stress in the joint at failure and the other terms have their usual significance. Energies calculated from this expression are lower for dynamic (fast) than for static (slower) rates of testing. Further, it was shown that little change in bond strength occurs until time to failure is below 100 msec. Plots of stress versus 1/T for a series of test times show a decided discontinuity at 1/T = 0.0039 or -16°C.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100210
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure rates of some epoxy systems (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The property changes of Epon 828 crosslinked by either diethylenetriamine or m-phenylenediamine at several temperatures have been studied by two in situ techniques. The mechanical property changes were followed by continuously monitoring the changes in the fundamental frequency of vibration during cure of a resin-coated substrate acting as a cantilever reed. The disappearance of the reactive epoxy group was followed in situ by continuously monitoring the absorbance of the infrared epoxide band at 915 cm.-1. Correlation of the two techniques was accomplished by normalizing both the mechanical property and infrared data. The apparent energy of activation was calculated to be 10.4 and 11.4 kcal. /mole, respectively, for the m-phenylenediamine and diethylenetriamine systems by the mechanical technique, and 11.0 kcal./mole for the m-phenylenediamine crosslinked system by the infrared technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100211
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution in a polymer film degraded by lightProd. No. 1261 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An explicit expression is derived for the weight distribution function of polymer molecules in a photodegraded film. A most probable weight distribution of linear molecules is assumed initially present; normally incident, monochromatic light obeying a single Beer-Lambert absorption relation is the photolyzing radiation. The dependence of the weight distribution upon the film's optical thickness and the integrated incident light flux is illustrated by curves computed according to the derived functions. Predicted gel permeation chromatograms are indicated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100301
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Role of capillary end correction in flow analysis of molten polyethyleneProd. No. 1273 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 361-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The role of the capillary end correction in flow analysis of molten low-density polyethylenes has been analyzed. In spite of limitations of accuracy a quantitative approach has been undertaken. The results are much more complicated than predicted by Bagley in his early reports. The elastic component of the end correction is controlled by shear stress and shear modulus. The latter is affected by the size of the subchain between entangles, Me, and by the degree of long-chain branches. Both are eventually dependent on the length of the chain, i.e., its molecular weight. In addition shear stress and temperature affect the process of disentanglement. Capillary end correction increases with increasing molecular weight and shear stress and with decreasing temperature. The available analysis of branching is still in controversy, and therefore no numerical parameters are yet proposed. A consistent theory of the response of entanglement couplings to shear forces and temperature is evaluated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100302
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    An effect of moisture content on successive changes in the load-elongation curve for paperProd. No. 1315 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Changes in the stress-strain curve for paper undergoing cyclic loading have been studied as a function of moisture content. It has been found that the extensional stiffness of the paper progressively decreases at both low and high moisture levels but progressively increases at intermediate moisture levels. The moisture content at which the transition from decreasing to increasing stiffness occurs (when passing from low to intermediate moisture content) has been determined and for the particular paper used in these experiments has been shown to correspond to a relative humidity of approximately 60%. It is postulated that at low and high moisture levels, conditions are not favorable for interfiber bond re-formation, whereas conditions are favorable for such reformation at intermediate moisture levels.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100308
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  • 41
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    Melt viscosity of polyethylene: Shear dependenceProd. No. 1292 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 481-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Apparent viscosities of linear polyethylene melts may be simply related to molecular weight at various shear stresses. One gets constant slopes on a log-log scale with higher critical M̄w at higher shear stresses. The validity of Ferry's equation and the dependence of its coefficients are extensively analyzed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100312
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  • 42
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    Effect of γ-radiation on the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubbersProd. No. 1317 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 491-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Three different styrene-butadiene, gum rubbers were exposed to γ-radiation doses ranging from 0 to 200 Mrad. The crosslink densities, hardness, and the dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated. All specimens increased in hardness and crosslink density during radiation. This was reflected in an increased storage modulus, broadened loss tangent maximum, and increased relaxation spectrum. The dynamic data are presented in master curves which were developed by using the WLF equation.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100313
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  • 43
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    Effect of crosslinking on flatspotting of nylon 6 tire yarn (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 601-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tires containing nylon tire cord exhibit a temporary deformation upon standing under load. The delayed recovery from this deformation, due to the fact that the yield point of nylon is exceeded under normal inflation pressures, results in the phenomenon of “flatspotting.” Previous attempts to improve the viscoelastic characteristics of nylon by crosslinking have been discouraging on account of the general degradation of properties caused by the treatment. It has now been found that short, vapor-phase treatments with diisocyanates, particularly tolylene diisocyanate, produce nylon 6 of greatly improved flatspotting resistance, without undersirable side effects. The development of this procedure, the evaluation methods employed, and the proposed mechanism are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100406
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Properties and structure of nylon fibers in relation to drawing and aqueous phenol treatmentsPaper presented at the Spring 1965 meeting of The Fiber Society in Atlanta, Georgia, May 21, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 637-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The changes in nylon 66 fiber structure and properties which take place during drawing and aqueous phenol treatments were studied by means of measurements of length, birefringence, density, moisture regain, x-ray diffraction, stress-strain behavior, and sound velocity. Drawing was found to establish molecular orientation along the fiber axis predominantly in the early stages, whereas the development of lateral order occured primarily after a certain level of orientation had been achieved. Treatments in aqueous phenol solutions caused longitudinal contractions which depended on phenol concentration (1-5%), draw ratio (1-6), and the tension on the fiber during the treatment. The treatments resulted in an increase in the lateral order, decrease in orientation and corresponding changes in mechanical properties. Moisture regain was inversely related with density for the untreated fibers of various draw ratios, but the relationship became complex after treatments in phenol. The data are interpreted in terms of changes in the lateral order distributions, which permits an increase in the fibers' sorptive capacity despite an increase in the mean lateral order.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100408
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  • 45
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    Milling behavior of gum elastomers: Experiment and theoryContribution No. 253 from the Research Center of the United States Rubber Company, Wayne, New Jersey. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1011-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When an uncompounded elastomer is processed on a two-roll mill, four different regions of mechanical behavior are observed, depending upon the temperature and the severity of the nip deformation. this behavior is observed on materials with a wide variety in chemical composition, through the severity varies. The flow at high temperatures is typical of melt or polymer solution behavior. At lower temperatures unstable flow and elastic solidike regions are observed. By presuming the elastomer to be an isotropicviscoelastic medium, the stress and velocity fields were computed in the polymer melt region. The unstable regime was found to correspond to a critical value of the ratio of viscoelastic to viscous forces. The mathematical analysis, done interms of the Green-Rivlin-Noll theory of viscoelastic media, extends earlier studies of deformation in this geometry by Gaskell and Bergen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100705
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  • 46
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    Nonlinear least squares: A method for simultaneous thermal property determination in ablating polymeric materialsProd. No. 1367 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1111-1119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method of data interpretation known as nonlinear least squares has recently been applied by several authors to the study of polymeric materials. Nagler has used a modified method proposed by Blizzard and Jirka and has concluded that the method is impractical because it requires excessive computer time. It is shown that the difficulties Nagler encountered are inherent in Blizzard and Jirka's method, but not in the basic method. Three steps are outlined to minimize computer time, and a summary of successful applications is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100803
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  • 47
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    Determination of the thermal stability and trace volatiles content of polymers. A hot-filament thermal analysis techniqueProd. No. 1375 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1171-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability and trace volatiles content of polymers can be determined rapidly and conveniently by using a hot-filament pyrolyzer for heating the sample. The filament unit, of a type employed for pyrolysis-GLC analysis, consists of a platinum coil with an attached platinum/platinum-rhodium thermocouple for measuring the sample temperature. As the sample is heated the volatile products are monitored directly with a flame ionization detector, a dual recorder being used to chart both temperature and volatiles yield. At any stage of heating the products are analyzed, if desired, with a suitable GLC column. Thermal stability measurements of several polymers were generally consistent with results by conventional thermogravimetric analysis. Advantages of the method are high sensitivity for detection of low decomposition rates, speed of the temperature adjustment, simplicity of the apparatus, and small sample requirement.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100808
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  • 48
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    A note on “acid-base properties of fibers. Part II. A polyelectrolyte theory of the combination of fibers with acids and bases” (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1973-1974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101213
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  • 49
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    Behavior of fibers in cumulative extension cycling (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1949-1971 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cumulative extension cycling behavior is a combination of the effects of elastic recovery, viscoelasticity, and fatigue. The purpose of this research was to examine the elastic recovery aspects of the behavior. A model behavior idealized to include only elastic recovery was assumed and a computer program written to simulate cumulative extension cycling behavior based upon this idealized model. Tests were performed with an apparatus which removed the sample's slack after each cycle. A comparison of the experimental and computed results yielded an improved understanding of the elastic recovery aspects of the cumulative extension cycling behavior.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101212
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyvinylcarbazole foams. I. Preparation (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 551-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The polymerization of vinylcarbazole in aqueous dispersion by azobisisobutyronitrile can yield-depending on the protective colloid used-polyvinylcarbazole beads or granules. These require impregnation by a polymer solvent and preferably also by azobisisobutyronitrile before they can be molded to panels or simple shapes.
    Additional Material: 14 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100404
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  • 51
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    Observations on the coefficient of friction of polypropylene film (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 653-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Data are presented relating the time change of the coefficient of friction of cast polypropylene films to changes in film density and concentration of surface lubricant. It is shown that during aging the density of polypropylene increases, thus causing a decrease in the friction coefficient. It is also shown that although the lubricant added to the polymer will diffuse to the surface of copolymer films, no diffusion occurred in polypropylene films.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100409
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  • 52
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    Synthesis and degradation of poly(alkyl-α-cyanoacrylates) (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1214-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100815
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  • 53
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    Peel strength of polyurethanes from oxypropylene polyols II. Effect of additives, isocyanate structure, and other factors (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1247-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The study of factors influencing the adhesion properties of polyurethane coatings to aluminum has been continued. The data indicate that the addition of additives to polyurethanes can affect their peel strengths. The addition of epoxy resins, chlorinated paraffins, or sulfonamide-formaldehyde resins results in increased peel strengths; the use of a mixture of fatty acids resulted in reduced values. The isocyanate structure can also play an important role; those producing more flexible films (such as m-xylylene di-isocyanate) result in higher peel strength values. Other factors found to be of importance included the concentration of aromatic and aliphatic groups, the type of solvent used in casting the films, the crystallinity of the polyether glycols and the presence or absence of certain substituents, such as fluorine, in the polyurethane chain. Tracer studies have indicated that the mechanism of adhesion failure involves the breaking of the polymer-polymer as well as polymer-substrate bonds.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100903
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  • 54
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    A simple theory of filler reinforcement in elastomers subjected to shear (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1315-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of a filler in an elastomer can be described by means of a theory based on a simple model in which the filler particles are assumed to be of uniform size, of cubic shape, and dispersed in such a manner as to occupy the points of a cubic space lattice. For the case of shear deformation, simple relations can be derived for the increase in the storage modulus G' and the loss modulus, G″ of the bulk material with an increase in filler content. Furthermore, the theory predicts the temperature shift of two points which can be easily determined experimentally: the inflection point of G' and the maximum of G″.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100909
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  • 55
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    Effects of nuclear radiations on structure and molecular motions in some crystalline stereoregular polymersPaper presented at the XX IUPAC Congress, Moscow, July 12-18, 1965.Prod. No. 1312 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 399-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Young's modulus and the mechanical damping factor have been determined between -180 and +280°C. (at a frequency of several kilocycles), in samples of isotactic polypropylene, isotactic polystyrene, and trans-1,4-polybutadiene, subjected to pile irradiation (γ-rays and neutrons) at γ-doses from 90 to 4000 Mrad. In isotactic polypropylene no important structural changes are produced by the irradiation, except for a partial destruction of crystallinity. The samples receiving high radiation doses exhibit a low temperature loss region, which is attributed to the formation of a certain number of branches. Isotactic polystyrene shows very slight modifications of the dynamic mechanical properties at room temperature. At low temperature an increase of intensity of the δ relaxation phenomenon (probably due to oscillations of phenyl rings) with increasing radiation dose is observed. Important structural modifications produced by the radiation, destruction of crystallinity accompanied by crosslinking, which transform the material into a crosslinked rubber, are observed in trans-1,4-polybutadiene. Unlike conventional (sulfur) vulcanization, crosslinking by radiation does not cause a marked shift of the glass transition point. A secondary low-temperature relaxation effect, not existing in the unirradiated material, appears in the mechanical loss curves of the irradiated samples; it is attributed to the formation of —CH2—sequences in the main chains through saturation of C=C bonds. The mechanical spectrum of irradiated polybutadiene is very similar to those shown by crosslinked ethylene-butadiene copolymers.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100305
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  • 56
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    Carboxyethylation of cotton by treatment with acrylamidePresented before the Division of Cellulose, Wood, and Fiber Chemistry at the 150th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, N. J., Sept. 12-17, 1965.Prod. No. 1304 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 387-397 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: New methods for the treatment of cotton with acrylamide have been studied which permit the preparation of modified fabrics with relatively high degrees of carboxyethyl substitution. Wet treatment with acrylamide and sodium hydroxide can be used to produce cottons bearing both carboxyethyl and carbamoylethyl ether substituents. Adjustment of reaction conditions controls the amount and ratio of these substituents. The effects of varying the concentrations of the reactants, the time and the temperature of reaction, and the solvent media employed have been determined. Some elucidation of the chemical mechanisms is provided. Previous work has shown that dry heat treatments of cotton impregnated with acrylamide and alkali can be used to produce high carbamoylethyl substitutions with little or no carboxyethyl substitution. The present work provides an extension of the cotton-acrylamide treatment whereby fabrics can be produced with only carboxyethyl or carbamoylethyl groups, or with mixtures of the two.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100304
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  • 57
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    Universality of the temperature-independent viscosity characteristic of polymer melts and some of its consequences (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 767-771 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that some results of recent publications (of Longworth and Piesky and of Bartoš) can be treated as particular consequences of the principle of universality of temperature-independent viscosity characteristics of polymer melts, earlier found by these authors. This concerns the method of determination of molecular weight by means of melt index measuring and supposition that the definite value of apparent viscosity to initial Newtonian viscosity ratio can be considered to be a criterion of elastic turbulent flow emerging.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100509
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  • 58
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    Application of DTA traces to polymer pyrolyses (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 813-823 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various expressions are presented for the estimation of kinetic parameters during pyrolysis from DTA traces. These expressions are applied to polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, isotactic poly(propylene oxide), and poly(methyl methacrylate). The results obtained are compared with reported values, and advantages and disadvantages of the various methods are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100514
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  • 59
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    Monolayer film behavior of polymers and their mixturesProd. No. 1342 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 865-885 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The monomolecular film behavior of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyethyl acrylate (PEA) and mixtures of these ranging in concentration ratio of PEA to PVAc from 0.008 to 11.301 has been studied using a Langmuir-type filmbalance over an aqueous 0.01N HCl substrate. Hysteresis was observed in the compression-expansion cycle for PVAc. A discussion of polymer-polymer interaction in a mixed monomolecular film at an interface is presented. The extent of this interaction for films comprising PVAc and PEA has been determined in terms of deviations of the film area from the ideal behavior. The data on the film areas of PVAc and PEA are discussed in terms of the molecular orientation of these polymers on the surface. A simple equilibrium thermodynamic treatment is applied to the data on mixed monolayer films. The implications resulting from this study are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100604
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  • 60
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    Effect of temperature on viscosity of amyloseProd. No. 1352 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 925-928 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Viscosity parameters were obtained for maize maylose (molecular weight of 107,000) in 1N KOH at 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. Intrinsic viscosity continuously decreased and Huggins' constant k' continuously increased with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of intrinsic viscosity, d[η]/dT, was -2.12 × 10-2/°C.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100609
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  • 61
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    Hyperfiltration studies. III. Effect of certain metal ions on the salt filtration properties of cellophanesPrevious paper see Kraus et al.1 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 969-979 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The salt rejection properties of cellophanes are substantially increased, and permeation rates decreased, by pretreatment with certain metal ions or presence of these ions at low concentration in feed solutions. In a typical case, a cellophane which initially rejected about 20% of salt from a 0.05M NaCl solution rejected over 70% in Presence of 10-3M ThCl4. Permeation rates were decreased, usually be a factior of 2 or 3. Additives found to have a marked effect were Fe(III), Th(IV), U(VI), Cu(II), and hydrolyzed pb(II). Mg(II), Ba(II), La(III), and unhdrolyzed Pb(II) had little effect. The mechanism by which the additives affect the cellophane is not clear.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100702
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  • 62
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    Molecular weight distribution in alkyd resins. Part II. Castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil alkyds (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 993-1009 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Alkyds prepared from castor and hydrogenated castor oils have been prepared direct from the oil and by first subjecting the oil to a glycerolysis reaction. The molecular weight distributions of the alkyds have been measured in solvent systems designed to separate predominantly on polarity and molecular weight. The properties of the alkyds in stoving enamels have been evaluated. The results are discussed in relation to existing theories relating processing conditions to molecular weight distribution in alkyd resins. Previous suggestions regarding the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups in the oil molecules are not consistent with the results obtained in this study.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100704
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  • 63
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    Cold flow in high-impact polystyreneProd. No. 1359 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1099-1110 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Eyring's theory of viscous flow has been applied to some mechanical properties of rubber-modified polystyrenes. Yield strength as a function of orientation, temperature, of transition from ductile to strain have been shown to be consistent with the theory. The temperature of transition from ductile to brittle fracture as a function of orientation has also been measured and found to be consistent with theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100802
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  • 64
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    Kinetics of the addition stage in the melamine-formaldehyde reactionProd. No. 1374 (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1153-1170 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The addition reaction between melamine and formaldehyde has been kinetically separated from the subsequent condensation stage by suitable choice of concentration and temperature conditions. The reaction, which is reversible, has been monitored by estimation of the free formaldehyde content of the system. It has been investigated over the range of mean degree of methylolation 1 〈 R′ 〈 3.7 of the melamine nuclei, the temperature range 25-55°C., and the pH range 5.7-10.2. The rate data thus obtained have been treated according to the random reversible addition scheme for which reasonable, first approximation, agreement was obtained. Average kinetic and thermodynamic constants have been calculated and are discussed in terms of the present model. The factors which are likely to cause deviations from randomness are described. The addition of formaldehyde to melamine proceeds by superposition of an OH--catalyzed step with a minor solvent-catalyzed or uncatalyzed one.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100807
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  • 65
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    Specific refractive index increments of polymer solutions. Part II. Scope and Applications (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1213-1213 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100813
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  • 66
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    Studies of the chemical modifications of wool and their effects on the wool-water relationship. Part I. Chemical modification of wool (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1217-1228 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Wool has been modified to render it more hydrophobic by two methods. The first method involved treating the wool with benzoyl, lauroyl, stearoyl, and dodecenyl chlorides and with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Substantial degrees of reaction with the wool were achieved when the correct solvent media and reaction conditions were used. These varied with the particular reagent employed. Pyridine was particularly effective with the acid chlorides, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide was best with trifluoroacetic anhydride. Pyridine is believed to function both as a swelling agent and as an acid acceptor in these treatments. The second method of treatment was the grafting of vinyl and allyl monomers to wool by the use of high energy radiation. Both 60Co γ-rays at 0.3 Mrad/hr. and Van de Graaff γ-radiation at 3 Mrad/min. were found to be highly effective. The presence of a swelling agent in the monomer solution was found to be essential even in the case of acrylonitrile in dimethyl formamide. Water and methanol in small amounts were found to be highly efficient swelling agents. Substantial quantities of monomer could be grafted in most cases without difficulty when the correct conditions were used.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100901
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  • 67
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    Fractional turbidimetric analysis of the molar substitution of hydroxyethyl cellulose (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1285-1294 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: High quality packaging films from hydroxyethyl cellulose of low degree of substitution (DS) are being produced commercially in this country and abroad. Increasing demand for this and a variety of other applications requires a rapid and simple production control method for determining hydroxyethyl substitution of cellulose. None of the known analytical methods fulfills these requirements. The present paper describes a method which is based on the relationship between the solubility and the molar hydroxyethyl substitution of hydroxyethyl cellulose. A washed and dried sample of hydroxyethyl cellulose is dissolved in 7% aqueous sodium hydroxide. Methyl alcohol, a nonsolvent, is used to precipitate a fraction of the sample. The turbidity of the equilibrium system is determined and optical density readings are related to molar substitution. The method is most useful in low DS ranges of 2-8% EtO but is susceptile to broader application through adjustment of the composition of the solvent-nonsolvent mixture. Relatively large variations in DP can be tolerated. The molar substitution level of an hydroxyethyl cellulose sample can be obtained in 40 min. by this method, making it a practical production control technique.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100906
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    Aging of SBR. IIFor part I see Reference 1. Presented at a meeting of Division of Rubber Chemistry, American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, May 3-6, 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1295-1303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Comparison of aging of a sulfur vulcanizate with a control having stable crosslinks, shows that oxygen affects reactions of the crosslink as well as of the hydrocarbon. Crosslink scission is inhibited. Results are in agreement with an earlier Suggestion that new crosslinking is enhanced by oxygen, although less than observed for natural rubber. This may be an effect of carbon black and amine antioxidants present in the vulcanizates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100907
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  • 69
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    The sward number and mechanical properties of plastics (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1343-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A Sward rocker tester is used to obtain the Sward number for glass, mild steel, copper, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene of various densities, and natural rubber. A relationship between the number and mechnical properties is investigated. It is shown that with metals and glass the number is essentially a frictional factor. With plastics and rubber it is a true hardness factor, involving dynamic Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and damping capacity. The aim of the investigation is to encourage the development of the Sward test as a nondestructive quality test for plastics.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100912
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  • 70
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    Crystallization from the glassy state (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1409-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Isothermal crystallization of poly[3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxacyclobutane] and poly-(ethylene terephthalate) from the quenched glassy state gave small lamellae approximately 1000-2000 A. in lateral dimension with a constant thickness of about 100 A. The maximum primary nuclei density for crystallization slightly above the glass transition temperature, Tg, was 1010 greater than frequently observed during spherulitic growth from the melt. Since the lamellae grow at a linear rate, the crystallization process could be described by the Avrami theory for two-dimensional growth with a constant nuclei density. By assuming that crystallization near Tg is diffusion-controlled, bulk crystallization rate data were analyzed to obtain self-diffusion coefficients whose activation energies were similar to reported values for other polymers.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101003
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  • 71
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    Comparison of tensile stress relaxation behavior of graft copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate) with styrene and mechanical mixture of poly(vinyl acetate) with polystyrenePresented before the 14th Annual Symposium on Rheology, Japan, Tohoku University, Sendai, Oct. 29, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1499-1517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: As one in a series of studies relating the rheological behavior of mechanical mixtures of two polymer components to the degree of mixing, the tensile stress relaxation behavior of a graft copolymer of poly(vinyl acetate) with styrene, obtained by 60Co γ-irradiation of poly(vinyl acetate) in styrene solution and extraction of homopolymers, was investigated as a function of the fraction of styrene component and compared with that of a mechanical mixture of poly(vinyl acetate) with polystyrene, one of the typical combinations of incompatible components. The results obtained may classify the graft copolymer as a sort of mechanical mixture giving stable mixing even for incompatible components.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101009
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  • 72
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    Emulsion polymerization of ethylene. IV. Effect of recipe and polymerization conditions on polymer properties (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1845-1862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some Physical, chemical, and solution properties of polyethylene prepared by emulsion polymerization are described and compared with those of conventional high-pressure polymer. The emulsion polymers contain an unusually large amount of low molecular weight material for the solution viscosities they exhibit. It is this low molecular weight material that contributes to the characteristic low elongation of the emulsion polymer, as well as to its wide distribution of molecular weights. The effect of changes in recipe and in conditions of polymerization on these properties is discussed. It is shown that some of the emulsifier present during polymerization becomes part of the polymer chain.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101205
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  • 73
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    Reflection of soft X-rays by organic fibers (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1929-1935 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An artifact observed in point projection microradiographs of polymeric fiber and filaments obtained with 8-A. x-rays is recorded and described. The phenomenon has been related to fiber-beam geometry and the high reflection efficiency of soft x-rays for these materials.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101210
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  • 74
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    Cooperative unfolding of α-keratin (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1937-1947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The unfolding of the α-helices of the microfibrils in α-keratin fibers such as wool proceeds in a cooperative manner. When a wool fiber is extended in water, the load-extension curve obtained indicates on the basis of relationships derived from rate process theory, that the number of α-helical residues n that unfold simultaneously is at least 50. This is probably an underestimation, as fiber diameter variability severely reduced any estimate of the value of n. Other experimental evidence is also indicated that support the existence of considerable mechanical cooperation between α-helical components.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101211
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  • 75
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    Abstracts of articles in this issue (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 2-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060102
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  • 76
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    Radiation-induced solid state polymerization (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 14-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The literature on radiation-induced solid state polymerization has been increasing exponentially in the last five years. Major advances have been made in retention of crystalline morphology during polymerization, in stereospecific polymerization, in modification of reactivity ratios in copolymerization and in molecular weight control of the product. However, at the present time, no commercial products have resulted from the study of radiation-induced solid state polymerization. Chemically induced polymerization techniques have been keeping abreast of this explosive development in the solid state polymerization field and have up to this time precluded the use in industry of solid state polymerization. The major potential at the present time appears to be in the area of producing fibers without additional processing.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060104
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  • 77
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    Monitoring the curing process of reinforced plastics structures (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The feasibility of monitoring curing processes in large reinforced plastics structures by electrical volume resistivity techniques has been studied. It has been found, by embedding electrodes and thermocouples within a heavy-walled structure during fabricaton and by monitoring the change is resistance during the curing process, that information indicative of the rate and extent of curing can be obtained. The resin system used in this study was Epon 826/MNA/BDMA.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060108
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  • 78
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    The phenomenon of draw resonance in polmeric melts. Part II - correlation to molecular parameters (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 50-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Phenomenon of draw resonance and the cyclic size fluctuation of an extruded shpae are related to basic changes in the “melt strength” (force per average cross-sectional area required to draw the molten fiber down under fixed conditions). Melt strength values are obtained by a modified rheometer which consists of a vertical chamber to melt and hold the polymers at 190-250°C, a piston for extrusion, a take-up system, a strain gauge to measure the drawdown force and a recorder for continuous force-time plots. Melt strength increases with take-off speed but not proportionally. At higher velocities, draw resonance is apparent through a sinusoidal-like variation in fiber diameter. The amplitudes of melt strength and diameter waves are correlated with molecular weight, melt viscosity, swell, melt temperature and take-off speeds.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060110
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  • 79
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    The resistivity of octyl phthalate plasticizers (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The resistivities of commercial octyl phthalatel plasticizers have been measured after treatments of heating, drying, purification by chromatography and addition of salts. The resistivity of pure plasticizer is high but is lowered by water, acid and alcohol. The theory to explain the observations is advanced.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060114
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  • 80
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    Strength of polybenzimidazole and phenolic laminate-to-metal joints (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Stress concentration effects and strengths of bonded and bolted butt joints were investigated for a glass fabric polybenzimidazole lalminate at room temperatuer and 700°F for a gloass fabric phenolic laminate at room temperature and 500°F. Specimen configurations included: (1) standard tensile specimen, (2) stress concentration specimen, (3) bolted double shear butt joint, (4) bolted single shear butt joint, (5) bonded double shear butt joint and (6) bonded single shear butt joint.Both polybenzimidazole and phenolic laminates exhibited high room temperature tensile strengths and little degradation of that strength occured as a result of elevated temperature exposure. However, low joint effencies (22 to 32%) were obtained for bolted butt joint specimens. Although bonded joints exhibited higher efficiencies, they suffered from a thermal expansion mismatch between the plastic laminate and the Inconel butt plates.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060105
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  • 81
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    The phenomenon of draw resonance in polymeric melts. Part I - qualitative view (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 45-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When a thermoplastic shape is extruded and drawn into a quenching medium and the drawing speed increases continuously, the cross-sectional extrudate area decreases. At a critical take-up speed, a cyclic gauge pulsation begins, becoming more pronounced with increasing drawing speed until the extrudate eventually breaks at the air-coolant in terface. This phenomenon, “draw resonance,” originates in the air gap and is independent of any melt fracture phenomena. Correlations show increasing pulsation severity with increases in speed ratio, air gap, viscosity-average molecular weight, and decreasing melt temperatures. Draw resonance occurs with polypropylene and various types of polyethylene and polystyrene. Ribbon-type and round-hole dies give equivalent results. A semi-quantitative theory is advanced is explain these phenomena in terms of thermodynamic relationships and basic molecular properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060109
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  • 82
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    Azelaaldehydic acid ester-acetal derivatives as plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)Presented at the Division of Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry, 145th Meeting, American Chemcial Society, New York, New York. (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 60-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Certain ester-acetal derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid have been evaluated as a new type of plasticizer of PVC. In gerneral, these compouonds have high compatibility and impart excellent low-temperature, mechanical, heat- and light -stability properties to the plasticized PVC. The 2-ethylihexyl ester bis (2-methoxyethyl) acetal, in particular, appeared to have the best combination of properties for a useful plasticizer. The results indicate that a unique and useful type of plasticizer-stabilizer can be obtained from derivatives of azelaaldehydic acid.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060111
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  • 83
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    Polymerization of 2-allyl-1-methylenecyclohexane by the cyclic polymerization mechanism (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2-Ally-1-methylenecyclohexane is a compound which is functionally capable of undergoing polymerization by the alternating intra-intermolecular propagation mechanism to produce poly[1,8-methylene[4.3.0] bicyclononane]. This monomer was synthesized and its polymerization through use of cationic and Ziegler-type initiators was studied. Synthesis of the monomer was accomplished by the following reaction sequence: (1) conversion of cyclohexanone to 2-allycyelohexanone by reaction wtih allyl bromide and sodium amide and (2) conversion of 2-allycyclohexanone to the desired monomer by reaction with the phosphorane derived from methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide. Polymerizaton was accomplished by use of boron trifluoride resulting in 44% conversion to polymer, of which 94% was soluble. Through use of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, the soluble portion of the polymer was shown to contain 54% of bicyclic units and the remainder to be non-cyelized monomer units in which the residual unsaturation was composed predominantly of allyl groups.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060113
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  • 84
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    The significance of slip of polymer melt flow (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Some recent observations of catastrophic yielding or bimodal flow behavior in linear polyethylene melts have indicated certain inadequacies in the commonly accepted flow theories and practices. Examples of some “non-ideal” behavior are presented along with some evidence that slip at or near the polymer-die interface, rather than a flow phenomenon, is the mechanism associated with the discontinuity in the flow curve. The discontinuity shear stress is observed to be independent of hydrostatic pressure. The significance of this bimodal flow behavior is related to polymer processing problems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060116
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  • 85
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    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. II. Experiments (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 191-197 
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    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were performed to develop quantitative information for designing plasticating extruders for low density polyethylene. Screw design variables explored included feed section length, compression section taper, and minimum channel depth. Operating variables included were screw speed, barrel temperature, and back pressure. A moving picture film illustrates temperature action and cross-channel temperature distribution for some typical experiments using a new type of extruder screw for 2.5 inch and 8 inch diameter extrusion. The information gathered was used to obtain relations between performance and screw dimensions and revealed an optimum combination of feed section length and compression taper.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060304
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  • 86
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    Fundamentals of plasticating extrusion. I. A theoretical model for melting (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A steady state model for melting in a screw extruder has been developed based on the assumption that a stable solid bed of polymer granules is melted by heat that is conducted from a hot barrel and heat that is generated by viscous dissipation in the film that separates the solid bed and the surface of the barrel. The solid bed gradually decreases in width, as it proceeds in the channel, until it disappears at which point the melting is terminated. The model predicts the solid bed width profile and the required length of melting in terms of physical properties, operating conditions, and geometry of the screw. The model has been tested based on experimental data.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060303
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  • 87
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    Use of the spectrophotometer to control carbon dispersion quality in polyethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Renewed interest in the development of a quantitative optical technique for assessing the quality of carbon dispersion in weather-resistant polyethylene compositions has given fresh significance to the findings of a study conducted earlier by a task group of ATSM Committee D-20 but not previously reported in the literature. This group evolved and refined a spectrophotometric procedure which was shown to be capable of good interlaboratory reproducibility when the same film was measured by each of the participants in turn. When each laboratory prepared its own film specimen from a standard lot of pellets, however, this reproducibility dropped to a very unsatisfactory level. It was concluded that fine-grained inhomogeneities even in compounds considered to have excellent dispersion quality preclude reproducible test results when sample weights of only a few milligrams are involved. The problem is aggravated by the difficulty of preparing thin, uniform films and complicated by a nonlinear dependence of transmission on film thickness.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060308
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  • 88
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    Properties of a propylene-ethylene block copolymer (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Although polypropylene has a unique combination of properties, its impact strength at low temperatures is sometimes insufficient. This need has been met by polypropylene/polyisobutylene blends. Today, polypropylene type copolymers (block copolymers) are available with low temperature toughness and property and processing advantages over the above blends. Ordinarily, copolymers from addition polymerization are random. In a block copolymer, the monomeric units of propylene are segregated from those of the second monomer. A block copolymer, propylene, low pressure polyethylene, ABS and polypropylene-polyisobutylene blends are compared as to general and mechanical properties, stress relaxation, stress rupture performance, low temperature performance (impact strength), high temperature performance (flexural stiffness) and processability. Not every material was used in each test. Block copolymers find applications in automotive and appliance industries, industrial parts and packages for cosmetics and food.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060314
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  • 89
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    Glass-resin joint strength and their effect on failure mechanisms in reinforced plastics (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 263-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The various methods which have been used to measure the joint strength of a glass-polymer interface have been reviewed and the results compared. Conclusions have been made regarding the strength of polyester and epoxy joints and the role of the coupling agent in enhancing this strength. Bond strength methods discussed include the flat plate test as well as the single filament techniques. The stresses which exist at the interface in an actual comosite are calculated. The relation of the glass-polymer joint strength to the final strength to the final strength of a glass reinforced plastic composite is dissussed. The interaction of the interface with an advancing crack is also considered.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060316
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term hydrostatic strength characteristics of thermoplastics pipe (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 285-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method for developing long-term hydrostatic design stresses, defined as the estimated tensile stress in the wall of the pipe in the circumferential orientation due to internal hydrostatic pressure that can be applied continuously with a high degree of certainty that failure of the pipe will not occur, for thermoplastic pipe materials is described. The background information used to develop this method, data to confirm its validity, and several of its more important peculiarities are presented and discussed. The method treats hydrostatic stress-failure time test results by the method of least squares with time as the dependent variable. The long-trem performance of thermoplastic pipe materials is evaluated by stresses calculated for periods of 100,000 hours (11.43 years) and 50 years.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060403
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Velocity profiles of the exit region of molten polyethylene extrudates (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 353-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of the work described herein is the experimental investigation of the velocity field of polymer melts flowing through a capillary in the regons of flow prior to and after the capillary exit. The fluids studied are branched polyethylene melts in steady laminar isothermal flow. The technique employed for the determination of the Eulerian velocity profiles is one that utilizes phototomicrogroaphy of the reflected light from tracer particles dispersed in the flowing medium.Axial acceleration of the fluid elements just before the capillary exit was observed. It was found that this accelearation is more pronounced in melts of low bulk viscosity. This observation region, non-viscometric.The translation of the velocity profiles of the fluids studied, from one resembling a parabola to that of “plug” flow, involves inflection points with minima in the velocity vector v(r, z). These minima appear near the surface of the extrudates and can not be accounted for by an existing theory.It was also found that the density of the viscoelastic fluids studied is a function of the axial position, in the region of flow investigated. The density decreases before the exit and, before it reaches an equilibuiu value at an axial position downstream equal to one or two diameters, increases beyond that value upon exit. This phenomenon is attributed to an “overshoot” in the process fo elastic recoil of the high polymer melts fron a strained structure to a random one.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060412
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of type and amount of comonomer on the properties of four copolymers of ethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plastics industry is now coming to realize that copolymers are unique thermoplastics which have broad areas of application. It is believed that ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers of 2 melt index may be extrusion coated to paper by a cap-coat process or by use of a chill roll with an adhesive coating. Copolymers of ethylene and vinyl monomers can be made into film by the same methods used for polyethylene. Methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymers may be processed on a wide range of molding equipment. Table VII in the article gives a list of applications for each polymer, along with expected physical properties.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060103
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of polymeric materials under biaxial stress fields (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 30-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The paper reviews the various classical failure theories essentially developed for metals and then seeks to show that the same theories with slight modifications could be used to describe failure of polymeric materials. These modifications consist in the consideration of the effect of rate loading on failure behavior. In addition, the paper reports experimental results on failure of two polymeric materials under uniaxial tension loading and several biaxial stress fields corresponding to pure internal pressure, internal pressure combined with tension and torque loadings and several biaxial stress fields corresponding to pure internal pressure, internal pressure cobined with tension and torque loadings. The failure behavior under various stress fields has been studied for maximum principal rates ranging from 0.05 to 60 psi. sec. The predictions based on various criteria of faliure, which considers the effect of rate of loading, are compared with the experimental results. Finally, it is shown that failure behavior under triaxial stress fields can be reasonably predicted from biaxial stress failure data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060106
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of ABS extruded sheet surface quality by rheometer behavior (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 172-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The behavior and appearance of ABS compounds in rheometers correlate with certain surface characteristics of extruded sheet. Three reometers were studied, each demonstrating the increase of viscosity with time of a destabilized compound over a standard ABS. This behavior shows as low gloss areas on the sheet from the destabilized compound vs uniform gloss for the standard. The Instron Capillary Rheometer proved the useful since extrudates produced can discriminate between compounds at given temperatures on the basis of gloss. The relative gloss of material tested is duplicated on extrusion as measured by a 600 Gardner glossmeter. Dynamic conditions affecting viscosity can also be predicted by the Brabender Plastigraph. Correlations developed, along with the usual physical measurements, permit appaisal of ABS compounds before commercial extrusion.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060215
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of rapid determination of thermal expansion and apparent second-order transition temperature of polymer films (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 112-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An Instron tensile tester has been modified to measure the thermal expansion of polymer films. The method greatly simplifies the experimental procedure necessary for the standard ASTM dilatometric thermal expansion measurement, particularly for thin films. Thermal expansion measurements were made for films of polyester, polycarbonates, vinyls, cellulosies, and polyolefins from room temperature up to 300°F. Second-order transition temperatures were determined by plotting thermal elongation vs temperature; the transition temperature is indicated by a change in slope. Both expansion coeffcients and transition temperatures as determined by this method give excellent agreement with values reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060204
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-volume-temperature behavior of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The pressure-volume-temperature behavior for both solid and molten polypropylene was determined for pressures up to 618 atmospheres. These data were measured with a newly developed compressibility device capable of obtaining precise and accurate data. Compressibilities calculated from the experimental data compared favorably to the limited existing literature data. Constants were determined for the Spencer-Gilmore polymer equation of state for both the solid and molten material.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060208
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal pressure measurements of diisooctylphthalate and dioctylsebacate (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Internal pressure measurments have been made on two common plasticizers, di-isoöctylphalate and dioctylsebacate, as a function of temperature. The ratios of internal pressure to cohesive energy density (as calculated by the method of Small) were 1.22 for dioctylsebacate and 1.17 for di-isoöctylphthalate. As in the case of simpler molecules the product of internal pressure and the square of the specific volume was constant for each plasticizer over the temperature renge studied. This implies that even in the absence of any other effects both an upper and lower critical solution temperature would be expected in mixed systems if the coefficients of thermal expansion of the components of the mixed system are sufficiently different.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060210
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress rupture of polypropylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile stress rupture is an important engineering property of plastics required in desiging parts subject to continuous or intermittent stress over long periods of time, especially in corrosive environments. This paper presents tensile stress rupture results on polypropylene and some of their applications in a program conducted over the past several years. Among the structural and compositonal paramaters studied in this work are the effects of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, isotactic content, polyblends, and fillers on the shape and slope of the stress rupture-time curve. Data are presented showing the interrelationships between these variables, and the agreement with current stress rupture theories is discussed.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060211
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060301
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory evaluation of plastic pipe from a gas service field-test installation (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 324-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This article presents the background and results of the first two-year interval test of a projected 10 or more years field gas service test of various types of plastic pipes. The study is part of a program to establish the suitability of plastic pipes for gas distribution uses. A number of short-term laboratory tests were used to characterize the condition of the pipe after the first two-year exposure period some, like the cursh test, are recognized and accepted methods; others, like the ring-tensile, tensile-impact, and the tear-propagation tests were developed or modified for this stdy. The results show that comparatively little change had taken place in this test period; the possible exception being in the ductility of two kinds of pipe subsequent evaluation should confirm or deny this behavior.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060408
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