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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal effect and embryonic gene expression for lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and peptidase (PEP-1) during the development of Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian) (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 1177-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: amphibian development ; allelic isozyme variants ; gene expression ; maternal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The polymorphism of three enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, (G6PDH), and peptidase-1 (PEP-1)] in Pleurodeles waltl has allowed the expression of the corresponding loci to be followed during the development of spawnings arising from various crosses. A maternal effect lasting up to the late tail-bud stage (approx. stage 28) was shown for PEP-1. A similar situation was observed for LDH-B and G6PDH. The embryonic alleles present retarded expression: from about stage 28 for PEP-1 and G6PDH and from about stages 22 to 24 (the young tail-bud stage) for LDH-B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499641
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of cat hemoglobins: Translation of poly(A)-RNA from animals of various HbA/HbB phenotypes (1984)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 22 (1984), S. 901-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: cat hemoglobins ; cell-free translation ; polymorphism ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The molecular basis for the genetic control of variable proportions of the two hemoglobins in domestic cat blood was investigated. Both major hemoglobins of cat blood, HbA (α2β 2 A ) and HbB (α2β 2 B ), were synthesized in an mRNA-dependent rabbit reticulocyte system using poly(A)-RNA from cat reticulocyte polysomes as the source of the message. The relative amounts of HbA and HbB synthesized in the system were a function of the HbA/HbB phenotype of the cat from which the reticulocytes and poly(A)-RNA were obtained. Higher ratios of HbA/HbB synthesis were found when the source of poly(A)-RNA was the polysomes from a 90/10 (HbA/HbB) phenotype than when it was from a 50/50 (HbA/HbB) phenotype. These results indicate that the variable proportions of HbA and HbB found in the blood of different members of the cat population result from the genetic control of the relative amounts of functional βA and βB mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499481
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light regulation of photosynthetic membrane structure, organization, and function (1984)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 24 (1984), S. 271-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: photosystem development ; chloroplast structure ; chloroplast function ; photosynthetic unit ; gene expression ; regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The light environment during plant growth determines the structural and functional properties of higher plant chloroplasts, thus revealing a dynamically regulated developmental system. Pisum sativum plants growing under intermittent illumination showed chloroplasts with fully functional photosystem (PS) II and PSI reaction centers that lacked the peripheral chlorophyll (Chi) a/b and Chl a light-harvesting complexes (LHC), respectively. The results suggest a light flux differential threshold regulation in the biosynthesis of the photosystem core and peripheral antenna complexes. Sun-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-depleted illumination showed grana stacks composed of few (3-5) thylakoids connected with long intergrana (stroma) thylakoids. They had a PSII/PSI reaction center ratio in the range 1.3-1.9. Shade-adapted species and plants growing under far-red-enrichcd illumination showed large grana stacks composed of several thylakoids, often extending across the entire chloroplast body, and short intergrana stroma thylakoids. They had a higher PSII/PSI reaction center ratio, in the range of 2.2-4.0. Thus, the relative extent of grana and stroma thylakoid formation corresponds with the relative amounts of PSII and PSI in the chloroplast, respectively. The structural and functional adaptation of the photosynthetic membrane system in response to the quality of illumination involves mainly a control on the rate of PSII and PSI complex biosynthesis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240240308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during development: Tooth and lung organogenesis (1984)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 26 (1984), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: gene expression ; amelogenins ; cDNA ; type II cells ; pulmonary surfactant ; ameloblasts ; epithelial differentiation ; regional mesenchymal specificity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: One of the major problems in developmental biology concerns how differential gene activity is regionally controlled. One approach to this problem is the use of mesenchyme specification of epithelial-specific gene expression, such as, during tooth morphogenesis or lung morphogenesis. In the example of tooth morphogenesis, dental papilla ectomcsenchyme induces de novo gene expression as assayed by detection of amelogenin transcripts, or immunodetection of amelogenin poly-peptidcs within ameloblast cells. This process does not require serum supplementation or exogenous factors during epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in vitro. In contrast, lung morphogenesis requires hormones to mediate mesenchyme-derived influences upon type II epithelial cell differentiation and the production of pulmonary surfactant (eg, neutral and phospholipids, surfactant proteins). Glucocorticoids are required to stimulate the release of fetal pneumonocyte factor (FPF) from fibroblasts which, in turn, enhance the production of pulmonary surfactant. Thy-roxin appears to regulate the relative responsiveness of progenitor type II cells to steroid-stimulated release of FPF. This review will highlight key concepts associated with these developing organ systems and emphasize the problem of regional controls which regulate epithelial cell-specific gene activity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240260207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression during gonadal differentiation in the rat: A two-dimensional gel electrophoresis investigation (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 5 (1984), S. 27-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: gonad differentiation ; gene expression ; two-dimensional micro gel electrophoresis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Gonadal protein patterns were studied during development in the rat by two-dimensional micro-gel electrophoresis. Specific proteins were detected in both the male and the female sex at the morphologically indifferent state (two female- and one male-specific) and during differentiation. At the onset of gonadal differentiation (day 14) two additional sex-specific proteins were discovered in the male and two in the female. These proteins remained expressed during further development. One testicular protein was restricted to the cytosol of the tunica albuginea. The other one was absent from the tunica. In the female gonad, the two proteins were membrane-specific, one present in germ cells, the other in somatic cells. In the testis, one additional protein was discovered at postnatal day 1. Thus according to biochemical criteria there is no indifferent state of gonadal development. The testis and ovary express sex-specific genes both before and after the onset of gonadal differentiation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020050103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hidden breaks in ribosomal RNA of phylogenetically tetraploid fish and their possible role in the diploidization process (1983)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 21 (1983), S. 819-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: evolution ; polyploidy ; ribosomal RNA ; protein synthesis ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hidden breaks occur in the ribosomal RNA of tetraploid Cyprinid fish such that the large ribosomal RNA (28 S) yields upon denaturation two RNA fragments of 8.7×105 and 5.0×105 daltons, whereas the small rRNA (18 S) yields fragments of 3.2×105 to 5.0×104 daltons. In tetraploid Cyprinids hidden breaks occur only in the rRNA of somatic tissue and not in oocytes and sperm cells. Hidden breaks can be detected only slightly in diploid Cyprinid species. Ribosomes purified from somatic tissue of tetraploid Cyprinids show a reduced efficiency in protein synthesis in vitro. The ribosomal proteins from diploid and tetraploid Cyprinid fish show considerable electrophoretic differences. This is discussed in light of a possible functional role of hidden breaks in rRNA in the process of diploidization of gene expression in tetraploid Cyprinid species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498929
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in anin vitro partially definedE. coli system (1983)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 2 (1983), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: spinach chloroplast DNA ; gene expression ; initiation of transcription
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thein vitro DNA- or RNA-directed synthesis of the large subunit (LS) of spinach chloroplast ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuP2C) has been examined in a highly definedE. coli transcription-translation system. Spinach chloroplast DNA, RNA and recombinant plasmids containing the spinach chloroplast LS gene (rbcL) have been used as templates in thein vitro system and a quantitative assay has been developed to measure LS formation. Thein vitro formed product contains formylmethionine at the N-terminal position and sediments primarily as a monomer. There is no detectable enzymatic activity associated with thein vitro product. To determine where theE. coli RNA polymerase used in these systems initiates, we have examined the transcripts produced by this enzymein vitro. Measurements of run-off transcripts indicate thatE. coli RNA polymerase initiates at the same position on the gene as is seenin vivo. In addition, the complete nucleotide sequence of therbcL gene including previously unsequenced 3′ and 5′ flanking regions has been determined. The sequence agrees, except at two nucleotide positions, with previously published sequencing data for this gene (Zurawski, G, Perrot, B, Bottomley, W, Whitfeld, PR, 1981. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:3251–3270).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01578646
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of poly(A)-containing mRNA in rat cardiac biopsies (1983)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 78 (1983), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: mRNA ; rat ; heart muscle ; biopsies ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Kombination konventioneller mRNS-Isolierungsverfahren mit neueren mRNS-Hybridisierungstechniken wurde eine Methode entwickelt, die die Quantifizierung myokardialer, Poly(A)-enthaltender mRNS in Myokardbiopsien ermöglicht. Dadurch wird es möglich, Veränderungen der myokardialen Genexpression direkt in Myokardbiopsien zu untersuchen. Die beschriebene Methode kann daher besonders nutzvoll sein, wenn Veränderungen der myokardialen Genexpression bei menschlichen oder tierischen Herzmuskelerkrankungen erwartet werden und wenn andererseits aber nur Herzmuskelbiopsien für die Untersuchungen zur Verfügung stehen.
    Notes: Summary Using a combination of conventional mRNA-extraction methods and newer hybridization techniques, a method was developed which allows the quantitation of cardiac Poly(A)-containing mRNA in cardiac biopsies. This provides a new tool to directly assess changes in cardiac gene expression in cardiac biopsies. It is proposed that the method described may be valuable in investigations dealing with various human or animal heart diseases where changes in cardiac gene expression are expected and where only biopsy material is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01906673
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An esterase duplication in Drosophila: Differences in expression of duplicate loci within and among related species (1982)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 20 (1982), S. 929-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: esterase ; duplication ; gene expression ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An esterase duplication is described in the sibling species pair Drosophila mojavensis and Drosophila arizonensis. We present evidence for two separate structural loci mapping at a distance of less than 0.16 recombination units from each other. Alleles at the two loci have the same substrate specificities and form small amounts of interlocus heterodimers. One locus (Est-5) is functioning throughout the insect's life cycle and appears at high concentrations in the hemolymph and the fat body. Its duplicate (Est-4) functions only during the late larval stage and is concentrated mainly in the carcass. No null alleles at either locus were observed in population surveys. An examination of 12 other species from the repleta group, to which D. mojavensis and D. arizonesis belong, suggests that Est-5 is universally present, but the activity levels of Est-4 vary among species and may be totally absent in some species. Variation in the level of Est-4 activity does not closely follow the phylogenetic relationship.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484070
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial gene expression and cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum (1982)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 1 (1982), S. 89-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: sorghum ; mitochondria ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; plasmids ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in sorghum mitochondrial translation products has enabled fertile (Kafir) cytoplasm to be distinguished from Milo cytoplasmic male sterile cytoplasm and from three alternative sources of cytoplasmic male sterile cytoplasm. Mitochondria from Milo cytoplasm synthesised a 65 000 mol. wt. polypeptide which was not synthesised by those from Kafir cytoplasm. In the cytoplasmic male sterile combination of Kafir nucleus in Milo cytoplasm synthesis of this polypeptide was dramatically increased. Mitochondria from two cytoplasmic male sterile lines (Kafir nucleus in IS1112 cytoplasm and Yellow Feterita nucleus in M35-1 cytoplasm) did not synthesise the 65 000 mol. wt. polypeptide but synthesised additional high molecular weight polypeptides (from 54 000 to 82 000 mol. wt.), the major one being 82 000. Mitochondria from cytoplasm IS1112 were also distinguished by synthesis of an additional 12 000 mol. wt. polypeptide. Mitochondria from the cytoplasmic male sterile line Martin nucleus in 9E cytoplasm synthesised an additional 42 000 mol. wt. polypeptide but did not synthesise a 38 000 mol. wt. polypeptide detected in all other cytoplasms. Immunoprecipitation of mitochondrial translation products with antiserum raised against subunit I of yeast cytochrome oxidase tentatively identified the 38 000 mol. wt. polypeptide as subunit I of sorghum cytochrome oxidase. The 42 000 mol. wt. polypeptide was also immuno-precipitated by this antiserum and thus is probably an altered form of cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Analysis of native mitochondrial DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two ‘plasmid-like’ DNA species of molecular weight 5.3 and 5.7 kb in the cytoplasmic male sterile lines Kafir nucleus in cytoplasm IS1112 and Yellow Feterita nucleus in M35-1 cytoplasm. Thus there is a positive correlation between the synthesis of the 82 000 mol. wt. polypeptide and the presence of the additional DNA species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024973
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of genetically distinct superoxide dismutases in the maize seedling during development (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 7-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: gene expression ; superoxide dismutase ; Zea mays ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Immunoassays for the cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases (SOD) of maize were developed and used to study the expression of these proteins in the maize seedling. The genetically distinct proteins, SOD-3 and SOD-4, are preferentially expressed in the scutellum, comprising approximately 1% of the total water-soluble protein of that tissue. SOD-2, SOD-3, and SOD-4 are synthesized in the scutellum during early sporophytic development, probably on cytosolic ribosomes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of crude scutellar extracts indicates that significant changes occur in the protein composition of the maize scutellum following seed imbibition. Using the immunoassays, a maize line exhibiting a significant reduction in cyanide-sensitive SOD protein was identified.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020030103
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between gene dosage, gene expression, and sex in Drosophila (1982)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 3 (1982), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; sex chromosomes ; gene dosage ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Drosophila, the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to sets of other chromosomes initiates a series of events which result in sexual differentiation. In addition, this ratio establishes dosage compensation, a mechanism which equalizes the products of X-linked genes in males and females. The present review discusses possible genetic entities responsible for the interpretation of chromosomal sex and subsequent sex-mediated regulation during development.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020030402
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carboxylesterase-2 in the development of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis L.) (1980)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 18 (1980), S. 353-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: carboxylesterase ; electrophoretic variants ; fish development ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two esterases splitting α-naphthylacetate have been found in the tissues of adult loaches and in embryos. These were identified as arylesterase (E-1) (arylester hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.2) and carboxylesterase (E-2) (carboxylic ester hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.1.). In unfertilized loach eggs E-1 and E-2 synthesized during oogenesis were found. Active E-2 synthesized under the control of E-2 genes of the embryo appeared in embryos from the stage of 40–50 h of development. Maternal E-2 molecules synthesized in oogenesis or on the stored templates in embryogenesis persisted in larvae up to days 5–6 of development. Two genes controlling the synthesis of two forms of E-2 differing in electric mobility were found in the loach population from the delta of the Danube. The genes for fast and slow E-2 were shown to segregate in meiosis and to be allelic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484248
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