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  • Electronic Resource  (6,215)
  • 1960-1964  (6,215)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (6,215)
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  • Electronic Resource  (6,215)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of thermal denaturation on the electrophoretic mobility of calf thymus DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of electrophoresis experiments on aqueous solutions of native and thermally denatured DNA are reported. A significant decrease of the electrophoretic mobility has been observed following thermal denaturation, which under suitable conditions gives rise to a resolution into two peaks of 1 : 1 mixtures in the electrophoretic pattern. This result is entirely consistent with the previously reported increase of the activity coefficient of sodium counterions following thermal denaturation. The hypothesis that thermal denaturation of calf thymus DNA induces a large decrease of charge density on the macroion which has been ascribed to the population of more extended conformations of the chains in the disordered region of the molecule is therefore further confirmed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dextran and dextran derivatives. II. Acid hydrolysis of native dextranSupported by a grant (FG.IT-113) from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the depolymerization of native dextran in dilute hydrochloric acid at different temperatures has been followed by measurements of M̄w, M̄n, [η], 〈ρ2〉1/2, and S. The data allow the correlation of the various parameters of the total hydrolyzate at various degrees of depolymerization. At a first approximation the results conform to a random splitting of a statistical, branched polymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of γ-ethyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride initiated by di-n-butyl and di-isopropyl amine (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 69-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The γ-ethyl-L-glutamate NCA polymerization initiated by di-n-butyl and di-isopropyl amine was studied. The experimental kinetic curves show an autocatalytic portion with 25-30% conversion, followed by a pseudo first-order region which extends up to at least 85-90%. In this linear region, the reaction order appears to be 0.5 in initiator with both amines. High degrees of polymerization and high reaction rates were observed. These results are similar to those obtained in the γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA polymerization initiated by sodium methoxide.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020110
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooptical and dielectric investigations on the conformation and the electrical properties of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate in mixed solvents (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dielectric constant and the electric birefringence of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate in ethylene dichloride-dichloroacetic acid mixtures have been measured as functions of the solvent composition. These properties undergo a marked decrease with the addition of a small amount of dichloroacetic acid, as well as an abrupt change accompanying the helix-coil transition in the vicinity of 75 vol.-% dichloroacetic acid. The former is attributed to the apparent diminution of the dipole moment of helical poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate molecule, which may be due to the protonation of terminal amide groups.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxy anhydrides in N,N-dimethylformamideThis work was supported in part by the public Health Service Research Grant GM-08409. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of γ-benzyl-L-glutamate NCA initiated by n-hexylamine in DMF proceeds with two successive propagation rates whose ratio is about 1.5. The onset of the increase in rate of propagation occurred at a DPn of 7-14, which was independent of initiator to anhydride ratio and anhydride concentration and not a result of anhydride impurities. The increase in rate is likely a result of a conformational change in the polymer at a DPn of 7-14.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides of N-benzyl-β-amino acids (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NCAs of the N-benzyl derivatives of β-alanine, β-DL-aminobutyric acid, and β-DL-aminoisobutyric acid (nonplanar six-membered rings) were prepared by reacting the corresponding N-chloroformyl derivatives, obtained on reaction of the N-benzyl amino acids with phosgene, with triethylamine. Contrary to the others, the NCA of N-benzyl-β-alanine polymerized readily on heating in vacuo or in solution, using n-hexylamine or methanolic sodium methoxide as initiators. With n-hexylamine the molecular weights of the polymers obtained in benzene, dioxan, and dimethylsulfoxide, were in accordance with DP = [NCA]/[Initiator], as was found with conventional five-membered ring NCAs of α-amino acids. With sodium methoxide initiation, DPs of the polymers obtained were smaller than the (NCA)/[Initiator] ratio, contrary to what was found previously with α-amino acid NCAs. The possibility that stereochemical factors are responsible for the differences in polymerization activity of various. N-alkyl β as well as α amino acid NCAs is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence studies on poly-α-amino acids. II. Conformation-dependent excimer emission band in poly-L-tyrosine and poly-L-tryptophanThis investigation was supported in part by research grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Disease (AM-05852) and from the National Science Foundation (GB-428). It is publication No. 291 from the Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University.For the previous paper in this series, see Fasman, G.D., K. Norland, and A. Pesce, Biopolymers Symposia, 1, 325 (1964). (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis of DNA. III. The effect of several univalent electrolytes on the mobility of DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electrophoretic mobility of DNA in the presence of tetramethylammonium and alkali metal ion chlorides has been studied as a function of ionic strength. Each cation exhibits a characteristic behavior in accord with the idea that the order of inter-action with DNA is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ 〉 TMA+. The application of theories of the electrophoresis of polyelectrolytes is discussed, leading to an attempt to calculate the fractional charge per DNA phosphorus from the mobility data. Over the range 0.05-0.4M a constant and unique value of the DNA charge is obtained in the presence of each cation. Values of the zeta potential and of the friction factor per monomer unit are also calculated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of inactivation and reactivation of transforming DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple quantitative theory of inactivation of transforming DNA has been formulated. It is based on the idea that genetic recombination of the molecule of transforming DNA with the bacterial genome is possible only, from the point mutation of the gene up to the nearest hit or point of damage on the corresponding DNA molecule. Our data and the data of other authors on the kinetics of inactivation by HNO2 or U.V. light or both are consistent with these theoretical predictions. Theoretical predictions were made concerning the extent of reactivation by fusion mid annealing of damaged DNA with a diluting genetically inactive DNA. These estimates have been reasonably confirmed by our experimental results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020206
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of glucosylation on sedimentation velocity of DNA from T2 and T6 coliphages (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to study the effect of glucose substitution on the sedimentation velocities of the T-even phage DNA's, T2 and T2*, and T6 and T6* bacteriophages were grown with H3and P32 labeling. Zone sedimentation of the DNA's isolated from these phagea showed that the glucosylated DNA's from both T2 and T6 sediment faster than the nonglucosylated molecules. Nonglucosylated DNA from TG and T2 phages sedimented with the same velocity, suggesting that the molecules of these phages are of the same length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020104
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial specific volumes of synthetic polypeptides in dilute solution (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report a simple method for measuring partial specific volumes, of polymers in dilute solutions with an accuracy of 3 parts per thousand. This method has been applied to 7 polypeptides in 4 organic solvents. The residue volumes deduced from these data are compared to those calculated by a differential method. The discrepancy is generally of the order of 1.5%.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020107
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposed nomenclature for synthetic polypeptides (polyamino acids) (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020310
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020401
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The conversion of two-stranded poly (A + U) to, three-strand poly (A + 2U) and poly A by heatA Preliminary report of this work was presented before the Biophysical Society at its Eighth Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, February, 1964. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 293-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the formation of the three-strand poly (A + 2U) complex is accompanied by a decrease in optical absorbance at 280 mμ, while the format ion of poly (A + U) is not. This difference makes it possible to demonstrate that in dilute solutions (∼10-4 monomolar), a 1 : 1 mixture of poly A and poly U always forms poly (A + U) at room temperature. At higher temperatures in solutions containing more than about 0.2M sodium ion, poly (A + U) is converted to poly (A + 2U) and free poly A. These results are consistent with the observations reported by Miles and Frazier, using infrared absorption spectra, at much higher polymer concentrations. It is concluded that most of the physicochemical studies of 1 : 1 mixtures of poly A and poly U in dilute aqueous solution refer to the two-stranded species.A simple thermodynamic analysis is developed to explain the two- to three-strand conversion, and with the use of a “phase diagram” showing conditions of stability of the various poly A-poly U structures as a function of salt and temperature, it is possible to estimate the value of the enthalpy of formation of poly (A + 2U).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020402
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The adsorption of polyribonucleotides (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 337-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a chromatographic technique, the adsorption of the polyribonucleotides s-RNA and poly-A provided with tri-n-butylammonium ions from an aqueous solution on to the surface of polymeric hydrocarbon granules has been demonstrated. The aqueous solution from which adsorption takes place is the aqueous phase which results on agitating together n-butanol (100), water (130), tri-n-butylamine (10), n-butyl ether (10), and glacial acetic acid (2.5) (parts by volume). Microporous polyethylene granules, microporous fluorinated polyethylene granules, and solid grains of polyethylene powder have been employed as adsorbents. The adsorbed polyribonucleotides could be eluted by aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, urea, or triethylammonium acetate. s-RXA with tri-n-butylammonium counterions could also be adsorbed on polymethacrylic acid in tri-n-butylammonium form and eluted therefrom with aqueous urea solutions. It is considered that the adsorption from aqueous solution of polyribonucleotides with tri-n-butylammonium counterions on polymeric hydrocarbon surfaces is mediated by hydrophobic bond formation. Van der Waals forces may also contribute to the bonding. It is suggested that studies on the adsorption of polynucleotides provided with counterions: possessing nonpolar groups at an aqueous solution-polymeric hydrocarbon interlace may permit the elaboration of experimental systems to serve as models for the evaluation of the role of hydrophobic and van der Waals bonding forces in the interaction of polynucleotides with cell membrane surfaces.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020405
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramoleculary crosslinked synthetic polypeptides (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 395-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020409
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chain regularity and flow dichroism of deoxyribonucleic acids in solution (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 361-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA's) extracted from several biological sources have been studied by means of the flow dichroism method, using the transparent coaxial cylinder apparatus. This study has two purposes: (1) to make clear the hydrodynamic behavior of the DNA chain, and the regularity in the orientation of purine and phrimidine bases about the molecular axis; and (2) to develop this particular flow dichroism method as an established device for the study of chain regularity of DNA and other chain polymers. The velocity gradient dependence of dichroism agrees well, to a first approximation, with the behavior of a model of a hydrodynamically equivalent ellipsoid in revolution. Differences between theoretical and empirical curves have been tentatively ascribed to the flexibility of the chain under consideration. Two kinds of data, 1 lie rotary diffusion coefficient and internal dichroism, have been evaluated by a graphical device in which the double logarithmic plots of reduced dichroism and velocity gradient of flow are compared with the theoretical curve. The data obtained have shown good reproducibility for DNA samples prepared by the same method from the same biological source. However, a remarkable difference in internal dichroism and rotary diffusion constant has been observed between DNA groups of different biological origin. The difference may be caused by fragmentation of DNA during the deproteinization procedure, bill the possibility that some of these differences originate in the biological source of the DNA cannot be denied. Orientation of purine and phrimidine bases in aqueous solution is found to be quite regular in direction, as predicted by the Watson-Crick model. Dichroic spectra have shown that the direction of the oscillator dipole corresponding to the 260 mμ absorption band has a different angular relationship to the helical axis than the oscillator dipole for the 220 mμ band.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020407
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic observations on the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptide (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 381-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A study of the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptides, such as poly-γ-benzyl-D (or L)-glutamate (PBDG or PBLG) was carried out. The PEG was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF). The solution was either allowed to remain at room temperature for a long time or poured into some fatty acid, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or caprylic acid. Whether the polymer precipitated slowly or rapidly depended upon the aging of the solution or the nature of the acid used. The precipitated gels revealed the coiled coil fibrils, but the feature and degree of coiling varied, depending upon the length of aging or the nature of the acid used for precipitation. After a short aging of the solution, there was no helical structure in the gels. After long aging, very fine-coiled coil macrofibrils or small spindle-like fibrils were obtained. The macrofibrils consisted of the spindle-like fibrils which in turn consisted of microfibrils (diam. 60-70A.). When using the fatty acid precipitation very fine to medium fine super helices were obtained. Extremely fine super helices were obtained in propionic acid. In these gels the PBG chains have an α-helical conformation. When PMLG-DCA solution was stored for a long time, another type of precipitation was obtained, one giving evidence of so-called cross-β crystallization and no coiled coil fibrils. The precipitation of cross-β fibrils was obtained when the concentration of the solution was above 8%.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020408
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020501
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A polynucleotide helix containing polinosinic acid and protoated polycytidylic acid (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 399-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Titration studies of the 1 : 1 helical polynucleotide complex of polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid reveal that these two polymers form a complex when the polycytidylic acid is protonated near pH 3. Sedimentation studies show that the protonated complex also has a 1 : 1 stoichiometry. However, the protonated complex is more stable than the unprotonated neutral complex as judged by its thermal stability. The molecular structure of the protonated complex is not the same as the neutral form. Study of the kinetics of the reaction of the protonated complex with formaldehyde suggests that the amino group of cytosine is involved in hydrogen bonds which hold the polynucleotide strands together.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020502
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of protein and nucleic acid sequences. I. Systematics and computer program (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 415-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The protein sequences now known have been reconstructed as a kind of intriguing logical-mathematical puzzle using information about fragments of the molecules. We wish to show that the reconstruction can be done systematically by repeating a series of elementary operations on these same data governed by a set of well-defined rules. The completely automatic reconstruction of polymer sequences by a high speed digital computer using these operations and rules is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020503
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The renaturation of deoxyribonucleic acids. I. Rates of bimolecular reactions of complementary and noncomplementary Gaussian chains (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 445-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of the renaturation of DNA molecules is examined on the basis of the bimolecular interaction of Gaussian chain polymers. In the nucleus formation by hydrogen bonding in segment-segment interaction, two types of interchain interaction, that is, one between complementary chains and one between noncomplementary chains, and one noncomplementary intrachain interaction are considered to be, in competition. Several previously observed characteristics of the renaturation process are displayed by this simple model. In particular it accounts for the dependence of the extent of renaturation on the heterogeneity, molecular weight, and radius of gyration of DNA, and of the ratios of the reaction rates between complementary and noncomplementary segments. Among these variables the ratio of reaction rates has shown to have a quite specific value, as high as the order of 104, which favors the complementary-strand interaction. This very great bias in favor of complementary strand interaction emphasizes that the renaturation phenomena displays the same character of biological specificity that is associated with enzyme-substrate interaction or antigen-antibody interaction. Moreover, since DNA is a good example of a one-dimensional system, it seems to provide a suitable clue for pursuing the analysis of pattern recognition at the macromolecular level.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020504
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of DL-β-phenylalanine N-carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 463-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of DL-β-Phenylalanine N-carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide has been studied further. This unusual reaction, which is analogous kinetically to reactions catalyzed by enzymes, was called the “chain-effect.” For polymerization of N-carboxy anhydrides by this mechanism it is necessary that the initiating polymer should possess an adsorption site and a terminal base group. The effect is shown to occur with simple compounds such as amino acid dimethylamides but not with poly-L-proline due to the inability of this polymer to adsorb the anhydride. From a study of the reaction of block copolymers of L-proline and sarcosine with DL-β-phenylalanine it is concluded that the relative positions of the adsorption site and terminal base group do not greatly influence the reaction rate, but the accessibility of the adsorption sites is an important factor determining the reactivity of polysarcosine dimethylamides of various degrees of polymerization (n). At high values of n the polymer exists in a coiled form and only those sites close to the terminal base group participate in the reaction. Initial rate studies give a detailed description of the early stage of the chain-effect polymerization. With these data and by use of analog computer techniques the complete reaction has been studied. It is concluded that the poly-DL-β-phenylalanine block produced is not permanently attached to the polysarcosine chain by hydrogen bonds during its formation but that an equilibrium exists between the polysarcosine and the poly-DL-phenylalanine blocks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020505
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the σ-framework in the properties of the biological purines and pyrimidines: dipole moments and tautomeric equilibria (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 483-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Del Re's method for the study of saturated compounds has been adapted so as to deal with the σ-framework of conjugated molecules. This modified procedure is used in evaluating the σ-contribution to the dipole moments of the nucleic bases and of the A-T and G-C base pairs and also to the free energy change in the tautomeric, equilibria of the bases. Associated with an appropriate Hückel method for evaluating the π-contribution, the results obtained predict a small resultant moment for A-T versus a large moment for G-C. The energy calculations predict the keto and amino forms of the bases to be the most stable forms and cytosine to be the most easily involved in tautomeric shift to the rare form.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020506
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360020601
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamics of the helix-coil transition in poly-α, L-glutamic acidAn account of this work formed part of a paper delivered at the Fifth International Congress of Biochemistry, Moscow, 1961. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Temperature jump measurements employing optical rotation to follow transients show an upper limit of 10μsec. on the half time of the helix-random coil relaxation in poly-α, L-glutamic acid. No relaxations are observed under conditions where the polymer exists in completely helical or completely random coil form. Assuming that the helix-coil transition can be described kinetically as a pure growth process, expressions for the relaxation time are derived for three special cases. A comparison is made between the rate of the helix-coil transition and the rate of imide proton exchange.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020507
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proposed nomeneclature for synthetic polypeptides (polyamino acids) (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 501-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020508
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy levels of almost-periodic polymers (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 561-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Numerical calculations have been done on the exciton spectrum of a schematic model of a linear polymer. The model consists of a random sequence of two kinds of subunit whose energy levels and transition moments are almost, but not quite, the same. The orders of magnitude of parameters are taken from DNA, but the full helical geometry has not been considered. Results are given for the density of energy levels, the dipole transition strength per unit energy, and the distribution of excitation energy along the polymer in individual states. A number of localized exciton states were found.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360020605
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020101
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis of DNA. I. On a relationship between electrophoresis and donnan equilibrium experiments on DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A calculation based upon Gorin's equation for the electrophoresis of a rigid cylinder is used to compare the available results of electrophoresis and membrane equilibrium experiments on DNA. The distribution of chloride ions across a membrane impermeable to DXA is considered. For a reasonable choice of parameters, agreement within about 2% is obtained between the values calculated from electrophoresis and the results of membrane equilibrium studies over a twenty-fold range of NaCl concentration.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020103
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Studies on dextran and dextran derivatives. I. Properties of native dextran in different solventsSupported by a grant (FG.IT-113) from the U. S. Department of Agriculture. (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Light-scattering, sedimentation, viscosity, and reducing power measurements have been carried out on a sample of native dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteriodes B-512. The results are discussed in relation to the structure, polydispersity, and branching of the polysaccharide. The effect of different solvents on the behavior of native dextran has been studied. The molecular weight of the dextran remains unchanged in all the solvents used, while the radius of gyration shows a significant increase in some of them (concentrated salts, urea, and glucose solutions); in water-methanol solutions the radius of gyration slightly decreases.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020105
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory of order-disorder transition and copolymer structure of DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The statistical mechanical theory of the helix-coil transition of DNA has been recently discussed by one of the authors, who considered an assembly of DNA molecules with a Markoff distribution of nucleotide sequences. The present communication improves upon the above mentioned theory by introducing approximate normalization factors for the unnormalized statistical weights of finding a given molecule of the assembly in a given microscopic state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020109
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biopolymer news (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 103-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020113
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis of DNA. II. Specific interactions of univalent and divalent cations with DNA (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of small quantities of metal ions on the electrophoretic mobility of calf thymus DNA in solutions maintained at 0.2 ionic strength with weakly interacting (CH3)4N+ ions yields information about interactions occurring in a region very close to the polymer chain. By means of this technique, it is demonstrated that the binding order to DNA is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ for the alkali metal ions and Mn++ 〉 Mg ++ 〉 Ca++ for the divalent ions studied. The quantitative details are compared to earlier work on the long-chain polyphosphates. Close agreement between the two systems is obtained indicating that an intrinsic property of individual phosphate groups is being observed and that minor discrepancies probably arise from secondary factors. Three types of stability constants representing the binding of alkali metal ions to DNA are calculated and although differing in absolute magnitude, they all satisfactorily represent the result that the order of interaction is Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+ with respective relative strengths of 1.5 : 1 : 0.8.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020111
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The method for estimation of chain macromolecule rigidity (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 2 (1964), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Birefringence relaxation times on removing the electric field characterize the rigidity of a flexible linear macromolecule structure. Electrical birefringence investigation of DNA solutions supports this view. This principal regularities displayed by relaxation times of electric birefringence decay curves in solutions of chain macromolecules are considered.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1964.360020203
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting vinyl and acrylic copolymers (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1919-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080437
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Rate of crosslinking of gelatin in aqueous solutionPresented at the 11th Canadian High Polymer Forum, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, September 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1903-1918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The rate of crosslinking of concentrated gelatin solutions in water has been measured by means of a gelation timer. Some effects of temperature, pH, crosslinking agent, and gelatin concentration have been measured. The crosslinking agents have varied from fast-acting chrome alum, glutaraldehyde, and a carbodiimide to slow-acting mucobromic acid and dialdehyde starches. Detailed crosslinking mechanisms are discussed for dimethylol urea, mucobromic acid, and several dialdehyde crosslinking agents. Some effects of urea and other additives on the dimethylol urea crosslinking rate are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080436
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenolic-formal resins (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1921-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method of curing phenolic novolac resins by means of cyclic formals under the catalytic influence of strong acids is given. It was proved that the formals react with the novolac molecules to form a highly crosslinked resite structure. As a practical consequence of this novel curing process it is possible to use the new resins at low or contact pressures in molding operations. The physical properties of the end products in general resemble those of the standard phenolic casting resins.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080501
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surface tension in the measurement of the average normal stress at the exit of a capillary tube through an analysis of the capillary jet (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1941-1947 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The analysis of a stationary, rotationally symmetric liquid jet which leads to an expression for the average normal stress at the exit of a capillary tube is reexamined with particular attention to the effect of surface tension. The limiting case of a nearly cylindrical jet is compared with the analysis presented by Gavis and Middleman.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080502
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of morphology on biaxial stress rupture of polyethylene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1889-1901 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between biaxial stress-rupture behavior and polymer morphology has been investigated for a series of compression-molded disks of linear polyethylene. Rupture data were obtained over a range of temperatures on polymers of several melt indices that had been solidified at two rates. Two failure mechanisms were observed: one at high stress levels, which was ductile; the other at low stress levels, which was brittle. The stress level at which the mechanism changed from ductile to brittle decreased as the measurement temperature increased, as the melt index of the polymer increased, and as the rate or solidification decreased. It was shown that initial pressurization of the disks causes the formation of microscopic surface fissures along spherulite boundaries as well as within individual spherulites. The extensive growth of these fissures at high stress levels sufficiently raises the stress on the sound portions of the polymer to cause large-scale macroscopic drawing of the spherulites. At low stress levels the initially formed fissures grow by a localized drawing process at their ends. A macroscopic crack forms by a chance coalescence of a number of individually growing fissures. This process is more rapid in disks of polymer that form large spherulites when cooled slowly from the melt. The spherulite size in disks of polymer of low melt index is much smaller under the same conditions of cooling and is less sensitive to the cooling rate than in disks of polymer of high melt index. Annealing of rapidly cooled disks whose microstructure contains relatively small spherulites reduces the stress at which the failure mechanism changes without appreciably altering the spherulite size. Oxidation of the polymer also reduces the transition stress.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080435
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of ultraviolet stabilization of polymers by aromatic salicylatesPresented in part to the Division of Polymer Chemistry, 143rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, January 1963. (See Newland and Tamblyn.1) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1949-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many derivatives of phenyl salicylate turn yellow when they are exposed, in solution, to ultraviolet light. This limits their usefulness as ultraviolet stabilizers for plastics. Evidence is presented to support the postulation that the yellowing is due to the formation, by a photochemical ortho rearrangement, of a derivative of 2,2′-dihydroxybenzo-phenone. Aromatic salicylates, such as 2,6-dialkylphenyl salicylate, in which the ortho rearrangement is blocked, are found to be nonyellowing stabilizers, although less effective than the better yellowing varieties, such as p-octylphenyl salicylate. Loss of stabilizer by volatilization, either in compounding or during subsequent exposure, is shown to be an important factor in limiting the effective performance of the stabilizer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080503
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of hydroxyl number of polyoxyalkylene ethers by reaction with toluene diisocyanate (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1985-1989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new method for hydroxyl analysis is described in which excess toluene diisocyanate is reacted with a hydroxy compound, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, and the unreacted isocyanate is determined with dibutylamine reagent. The method is particularly applicable to polyethers intended for urethane foam preparation. It is rapid, is accurate, and has the added advantage of including such impurities as would be expected to consume isocyanate during a foam preparation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080505
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part IV. Use of triphenylphosphine and sodium di-n-butyl phosphite to determine the structures of sulfur linkages in natural rubber, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and ethylene-propylene rubber vulcanizate networks (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1957-1983 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Determinations of the degree of chemical crosslinking and crosslinking efficiency values E (i.e., the number of sulfur atoms combined in the network per chemical crosslink present) have been used in conjunction with the chemical probes triphenylphosphine and sodium di-n-butyl phosphite to establish the structural features of sulfur links in vulcanizate networks derived from a variety of accelerated natural rubber-sulfur systems, from a cis-1,4-polyisoprene-TMTD-zinc oxide system, and from natural rubber and ethylene-propylene rubber crosslinked with a dicumyl peroxide-sulfur system. The triphenylphosphine converts polysulfide links into monosulfide and, to a lesser extent, disulfide links. The values of E′, i.e., the number of sulfur atoms combined in the network per chemical crosslink present after triphenylphosphine treatment are, therefore, a measure of the extent of main-chain modification in the network by cyclic monosulfide groups and/or pendant groups of the type: —Sx—Accel. (where x ≥ 1 and Accel. is an accelerator fragment). Sodium di-n-butyl phosphite cleaves di- and polysulfide crosslinks but leaves monosulfide and carbon-carbon crosslinks intact, and thus determination of the degree of chemical crosslinking before and after treatment with this reagent yields estimates of these two different classes of crosslinks. The combined results indicate that the efficiency of utilizing sulfur for crosslinking and, therefore, the structural complexity of the derived networks are very sensitive to the nature of the vulcanizing system (type and relative concentrations of crosslinking agent, accelerator, and activator) and vulcanizing conditions (time and temperature of cure). In general, the proportion of crosslinks which are di- and/or polysulfidic decreases with increasing cure time, and for the accelerated sulfur systems the structural complexity of the network increases with cure time, especially at higher vulcanizing temperatures and with low concentrations of fatty acid activator.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080504
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the promoted aggregation and coalescence of synthetic rubber particles (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2049-2065 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Small particles (ca. 700 A.) in an SB-R latex can be agglomerated (aggregation and coalescence) to the large size and heterogeneous distribution required for fluid high solids latex. This agglomeration is promoted by high molecular weight materials such as polyvinyl methyl ether (PVM). The mechanism of this agglomeration has been investigated. The effects of controlled variations in the amounts of PVM, electrolyte, soap and latex solids content were determined using statistically designed experiments. The agglomeration was found to differ from Smoluchowski kinetics in that it could best be described by the relationship: (1/n) = (1/n0) + at - bt2 where n = particle number, t = time and a and b are constants. The agglomeration rates were about 1011 to 1012 times slower than the theoretical Smoluchowski rapid coagulation rate. Increases in PVM, soap, and latex solids increased the agglomeration rate. The agglomerations were self-limiting and reached equilibria the level of which increased with increases in PVM and decreased with increases in soap. Regression equations relating the effects of the controlled variables on the agglomeration rate and the equilibria states are derived and presented graphically. The particle size distribution of the final latex was significantly correlated, with that expected from theoretical collision theory.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080509
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid-base properties of fibers. Part II. A polyelectrolyte theory of the combination of fibers with acids and bases (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2029-2048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A. new theory for the acid-base properties of fibers is presented, resembling those for polyelectrolytes, and based on the normal titration of the charged groups of the fibers and the energy needed to remove the protons from the fiber to the solution, against the electrostatic, osmotic, and affinity differences. The acid titration equation for a poly-ampholyte fiber is: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\rm pH} = {\rm p}K_0 ^\prime - \log [{{\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left( {1 - \alpha } \right)} \alpha }} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \alpha }] - \left( {{{0.4343} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{0.4343} {RT}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {RT}}} \right)[\chi F + \tau \bar V_{\rm H} + \Delta \mu _{\rm H}^{\rm o} ] $\end{document} where pK0′ is the intrinsic dissociation constant of the titration groups in the fiber, α is the degree of dissociation, χ is the electrostatic potential of the fiber, τ the osmotic pressure, V̄H the partial molar volume of the hydrogen ion, and ΔμHo the difference of standard chemical potential in the fiber and the solution. In all cases examined, the osmotic term proved to be negligible. The electrostatic potential was calculated as suming it to be uniform over the fiber. For wool, pK0′ is independent of salt concentration but varies linearly with degree of dissociation, indicating that two pK's are operating, pKq = 3.585 for paired groups and pKp = 4.855 for nonpaired groups at 0°C., present in equal proportions. Titrations of wool with sulfuric acid and a wide range of strong monobasic acids also obey the theory, and values of the anion affinities in general agreement with those given by Gilbert and Rideal are found. The acid titration of native ox-hide collagen gave a constant value of pK0′ = 4.0. For nylon, the value of pK0′ is, to a first approximation, independent of degree of dissociation and salt concentration, in agreement with the theory.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080508
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  • 47
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    Electronic Resource
    Wet oxidation of undrawn nylon 66 and model amides (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2067-2093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Undrawn nylon was found to be susceptible within a few days to degradation in wet or humid conditions at temperatures between 50 and 90°C. Model N-substituted amides, although not affected by these conditions, were attacked by hydrogen peroxide solutions. The degradation proceeded principally by rupture of the bond between the nitrogen of the amide and the carbon of its α-methylene group, consequent upon oxidation at this carbon. Unsubstituted primary amide, carboxyl, and aldehyde endgroups were formed, together with ammonia by hydrolysis of the oxidized amide. The bond between the α and β carbons of an N-methylene chain also suffered breakage, giving formic acid and carbon dioxide. The former could also arise by rupture of any initially produced N-formyl or N-formoyl amides. The appearance of lactic acid from butylacetamide showed that oxidation could proceed along the N-alkyl chain. Fragments of suitable size broken from the main chain of nylon became water-soluble and relatively stable to further attack by air or oxygen. These pieces essentially retained the nylon structure, but possessed two carboxylic ends and an average molecular weight of less than 600. A maximum oxygen uptake of about 30 moles per mole of original amide was calculated, corresponding to complete conversion into these soluble fragments. Significant degradation did not occur for many months at 60°C. in dry conditions or in solutions of 8-hydroxyquinoline, a process which has been patented. The latter was considered to function by chelating heavy metals into an inactive form and inhibiting peroxide formation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080510
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and interpretation of nonlinear mechanical energy losses in high polymer fibers (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2095-2115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical loss measurements were made on fibers at large tensile strains which caused nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. Measurements on fibers from polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon 66, nylon 4 and an experimental polymer led to seven energy loss peaks for each sample in the temperature range of 120-350°K. The peaks were evenly spaced in temperature at intervals of 30-35°K. rather than at unequal temperature intervals of approximately 100-150°K. normally observed under conditions of linear viscoelastic behavior. In every case, the array of evenly spaced peaks occurred only at temperatures below the glass transition temperature. The temperatures at the energy loss peaks were virtually independent of crystallinity and molecular orientation and were interpreted in terms of polymer molecular structure. The data could be explained only by a single mechanism, common to all polymers, which could operate in a quantized manner, e. g., diffusional motion of molecular chain segments. To account for the constant temperature spacing between peaks of a given sample, it was necessary to assume that the rate controlling step in the energy loss process is the return of a displaced segment to equilibrium. Calculations from the experimental data indicated that peaks at higher temperatures stem from displaced molecular segments which experience high potential energy barriers and which have to be excited to higher skeletal vibrational energies to overcome the barrier. Precedence for this interpretation is provided by Tanaka and Ishida, who have associated molecular vibrations with the well-known β loss peaks in polymers.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080511
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Kunststoffe als Schutz gegen Korrosion, BRUNO WAESER, Dr. Alfred Huthig Verlag G.m.b.H., Heidelberg, 1963, 116 pp. 11.80 DM (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2461-2461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080533
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rate and temperature on the tensile properties of double-base propellant (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 3-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile properties of two cast and two extruded solid rocket propellants were studied at 25°C. and 50% R.H. over a range of failure times from 0.005 to 2500 sec. The effects of temperature were also investigated at the highest rate and at 0.1 in./in./min. over a range of -60 to 80°C. The results indicate that both temperature and rate of loading greatly affect the tensile properties of double-base propellants.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080101
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  • 51
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    N-chloro and N-nitroso compounds as synergists for the self-extinguishing action of bromine compounds in polystyrenePresented before the Symposium on Self-Extinguishing Plastics in the Organic Coatings and Plastics Chemistry Division at the 144th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Los Angeles, March 31-April 5, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2485-2495 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Compounds other than peroxides may be used to enhance the self-extinguishing action of organic bromine compounds on polystyrene. The addition of certain chloramides or nitrosoamines converts some bromide-containing polystyrene compositions from flammable to instantly self-extinguishing. Two effective chloramides were N,N-dichlorotoluene sulfonamide or N,N′-dichloro-N,N′-diphenyl urea but they were of limited value because of hydrolysis by atmospheric moisture. The more effective nitrosoamines were N-nitroso-N-methylaniline, N-nitrosocarbazole and N-nitroso-diphenylamine. An undesirable characteristic of the three compounds is their inhibition of polymerization of styrene. The interaction of a nitrosoamine and an aliphatic bromine compound is apparent from the evolution of nitrogen, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. If the minimum temperature for gas evolution falls in the range of about 145-180°C. in a prescribed simple test, the nitrosoamine and bromine compound may be used for rendering polystyrene self-extinguishing.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080603
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of cellulosePresented at the Polymer and Polymerization Symposium, 19th Southwest Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Houston, Texas, December 5-7, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2813-2824 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation of radiation-induced graft polymers of cotton cellulose, while retaining the fibrous nature and high molecular weight of the cellulose, depended primarily on the radiochemical yields of cellulose reactions and of graft polymerization reactions. Yields of the initial major molecular changes in cellulosic polymer indicated that, in the case of scission of the molecule and carboxyl group formation, chain reactions were not initiated by radiation; however, in the case of carbonyl group formation chain reactions were initiated but quickly terminated. Generally, experimental procedures, used in graft polymerization reactions, were: (1) simultaneous irradiation reactions, that is, application of monomers or solutions of monomers to cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then irradiation; and (2) post-irradiation reactions, that is, irradiation of cellulose or chemically modified celluloses, then after removal from the field of radiation, contacting the irradiated cellulose with monomer. Some of the most important factors influencing the radiochemical yields of graft polymerization reactions of styrene and acrylonitrile onto cellulose were: concentration of monomer in treating solution; solvent; ratio of monomer solution to cellulose; prior chemical modification of cellulose; and absence of oxygen, particularly in post-irradiation reactions. Experimental data were presented, and the direct and indirect effects of Co60 γ-radiation on these reactions were discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080626
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  • 53
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    Electronic Resource
    Stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizates before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 723-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The aerobic and anaerobic stress relaxation of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks has been examined before and after treatment with triphenylphosphine, a reagent which converts polysulfidic crosslinks into di- and monosulfide crosslinks. This treatment reduces the rate of anaerobic stress relaxation and makes the network more susceptible to protection by zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate against aerobic stress relaxation. Aerobic stress relaxation of the network after treatment with triphenylphosphine remains nonautocatalytic, indicating that it still contains the precursor of an antioxidant, and crosslinking continues to occur during aging, showing that the presence of polysulfide groups is not a sole prerequisite for such network formation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080213
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cut growth and fatigue of rubbers. II. Experiments on a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 707-721 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile fatigue failure of a gum vulcanizate of noncrystallizing SBR can be accounted for by the growth of small flaws initially present in the rubber. Fatigue of crystallizing natural rubber was shown in Part I to be attributable to the same cause. Cut growth results are interpreted in terms of the tearing energy theory of Rivlin and Thomas. SBR exhibits cut growth under both static and dynamic conditions; in each case the rate is approximately proportional to the fourth power of the tearing energy. Variation of the dynamic cut growth rate with frequency can be explained by the summation of a timedependent static component of growth and a cyclic component not dissimilar to that occurring in natural rubber. Fatigue failure, under both static and dynamic conditions, is predicted from the cut growth results. These predictions are found to account quantitatively for experimentally observed fatigue lives when a suitable value is assumed for the initial flaw size. Fatigue lives at different temperatures correlate well with cut growth results obtained by Greensmith and Thomas over the same temperature range. The results are compared to those obtained previously for natural rubber, and possible reasons for the differences in fatigue behavior of crystallizing and noncrystallizing rubbers are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080212
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Investigations on thermal dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 747-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal dehydrochlorination of PVC has been examined on some samples prepared by fractionation of a commercial PVC, and some other samples obtained by polymerization at different temperatures. The results disagree with the concept of a continuous dehydrochlorination from one side to the other of the chain, that necessitates initiating structural anomalies in the macromolecule itself.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080215
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  • 56
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    Anomalous flow of cellulose solutions during spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 735-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus is described for measuring the flow rate of cellulose xanthate solutions at known pressure gradients across spinning jets. It is shown that the jet hole behaves more like a capillary than an orifice in its effect on flow and that similar relationships exist for flow through spinning jet holes and a narrow pipe characterized by an equation of the form Q = Apb, where b has a value of approximately 1.5 for the high rates of shear strain found in spinning jets and 1.4 for the lower rates found in the pipe. A fundamental approach shows a similar discontinuity when comparing the relation between apparent viscosity coefficient and rate of shear strain, between low and high rates of shear. Experimental results are given for the effect of certain chemical factors in viscose solutions and the effect of spinning jet hole size, on the flow rate/pressure gradient curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080214
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    Rapid bursting of tubular specimens (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 141-149 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Burst tests on thin wall circular cylinders of aluminum, brass and magnesium alloys, mild steel and polymethylmethacrylate plastic are described in which stress and strain are measured at impact velocities of 14-31 ft./sec. The apparatus consists of an hydraulic cylinder and piston assembly attached to the inside of the specimen, with a falling weight producing a pressure pulse. Measurement problems inherent in the technique are analyzed: e.g., local instability leading to blister formation. An increasing amount of uniform deformation occurs in the specimen as strain rate is increased.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080110
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    Techniques for studying strain rate effects in brittle materialsThis study was sponsored by the Ceramics and Craphite Branch, Metals and Ceramics Laboratory, Materials Central, Aeronautical Systems Division of the Air Force Systems Command under Contract No. AF 33(616)-7465. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 151-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Techniques for studying brittle fracture over a strain rate range of 10-7-101 in./in./sec. and at temperatures from 75 to 1800°F are discussed. Techniques for achieving a uniaxial tensile stress in prismatic bars via a reflected stress wave method at strain rates up to 103 in./in./sec. at room and elevated temperatures are presented. Results of the aforementioned effects in flexure, and experimental verification of the stress-time-position history for the stress wave loading technique are presented along with applicable theoretical explanations. Applications of the above techniques to a broader spectrum of brittle and semi-brittle materials are described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080111
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  • 59
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    Factors influencing izod impact properties of thermoplastics measured with the autographic impact test (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 119-140 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The standardization of notched Izod impact test data to normalized values of foot pounds per inch of notch is based on the assumption of a 1:1 increase in breaking strength with increasing notch width. This assumed relation is not supported by experimental tests on commercial thermoplastics. As notch width was increased from 1/8 to 1/4 to 3/8 to 1/2 in., nine of ten thermoplastics tested showed a decrease in normalized impact strength. Each material appears to show a characteristic loss in breaking strengths as the notch width increases. A technique developed for calibration of pendulum impact testers has been used to examine the variation of impact breaking strength in relation to the total kinetic energy of the hammer. Experimental tests show practically no change in impact strengths up to values that take 2/3 of the available hammer energy. Experimental work on the comparison of the impulse transferred by the hammer during breaking with impulse curves photographed by the Autographic Impact test show very good agreement for catastrophic breaks and fair agreement for plastic type breaks. The reduction in recorded impulse is attributed to the degrading of the sample during the plastic portion of the breaking cycle. The peak force of thermoplastics as measured by the Autographic Impact test increases as the temperature decreases from 100°C. or above to 0°C. Over the same temperature range flexural tests on small cantilever samples of these thermoplastics show the same thermal dependence for the flexural yield or permanent distortion stress. Plots of the impact peak forces and flexural yield stress at corresponding temperatures give a linear correlation. Each thermoplastic material exhibits a unique relation for this correlation between impact yielding and flexural yielding. This correlation between the impact and flexural tests over the range of temperatures is the first known experimental indication of a direct relation between impact properties and standard physical tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080109
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  • 60
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    Ion exchange separations in analytical chemistry. O. SAMUELSON. Wiley, New York-London-Sidney, and Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1963, 474 pp. $9.50 (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1497-1497 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080340
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  • 61
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    Kinetic studies on the vulcanization reaction accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1667-1676 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Kinetic data for vulcanization of rubber with sulfur, accelerated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are presented. The decrease in concentration of sulfur and MBT during vulcanization under various conditions of temperatures have been determined with a precise amperometric method developed by the authors. The order of reaction for disapperance of sulfur was found to be unity. The energy of activation and frequency factor were 28.8 kcal./mole and 4.0 × 1013, respectively. The kinetics of disapperance of MBT was also first-order, and the rate of reaction, energy of activation, as well as frequency factor were much lower than those for the disapperance of sulfur. The consumption of sulfur proceeded as long as any free sulfur was present in the sample, indicating that the consumption of MBT is closely tied up with the disapperance of sulfur. It was found that about 133 atoms of sulfur were consumed for the disappearance of one molecule of MBT. The mechanism of ring opening involving an attack by the accelerator radical as proposed by Gordon is supported by the present investigation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080417
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  • 62
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    Temperature dependence of tensile properties of polycarbonate films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1677-1689 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The tensile properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate films were measured as a function of temperature from +25 to -180°C. The tensile properties at a given temperature were determined from the measured true stress-true strain behavior of the polycarbonate films by means of a photographic strain recording technique. The temperature dependence of the following tensile properties is presented: the yield stress, the fracture stress, the strain to yield, the cold-drawing strain, the fracture strain, and the strain-hardening rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080418
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  • 63
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    Slip deformation in drawn polyethylene films (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 971-983 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: When well oriented and crystallized high density polyethylene film was redrawn, slip deformation and twin deformation, the mode of which depends upon the redrawing angle to the original drawn structure, could be observed. When the redrawing angle is very small, single slips, the direction of which is [001] to the original drawn structure, and homogeneous deformation bands attached to them are usually observed. The [001] directions of slipped and unslipped regions are slightly at an angle to each other. As the redrawing angle approaches a right angle, kink bands can be observed. From these results we may conclude that the structure of this drawn polyethylene film is very similar to that of a single crystal or metal.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080233
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  • 64
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    Oxyluminescence of polymers. I. General behavior of polymersThis paper was presented in part before the Polymer Division of the American Chemical Society at the 142nd meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 12, 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 985-995 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The faint emission of light by various classes and types of polymers when heated in the presence of oxygen, oxyluminescence, was studied by means of a photomultiplier tube and sensitive microammeter. Among the polymers with a carbon-carbon backbone, the polymers having the greater number of tertiary carbon atoms generally showed greater intensities of luminosity. Polystyrene was a notable exception to this generalization. The shape of the luminosity versus time curves varied with the type of polymer. It was also found that the emission of light did not stop instantly when the oxygen atmosphere was replaced by an inert gas, but rather followed an exponential type of decay. The rate of decay appeared to be different with different types of polymers. The intensities of luminescence and the times required to reach maximum or steady state luminescence were compared with oxygen uptake data for various polymers. In general there was a qualitative, but not necessarily quantitative correlation between the luminous intensities and polymer stabilities in the presence of oxygen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080234
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  • 65
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    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of polyethylene oxidation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1691-1698 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acetic and formic acids and acetone are products of the oxidation of propylene and ethylene polymers and copolymers. The two- and three-carbon products can be accounted for as the result of intramolecular attack by radicals, leading to β-oxidation. A high proportion of scissions in polypropylene involves multiple intramolecular attack.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080419
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    Light-sensitized crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol by chromium compounds (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1763-1776 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The insolubilization of polyvinyl alcohol by potassium dichromate on exposure to light has been investigated. Ultraviolet spectrometry shows that secondary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to ketone groups but insolubilization is attributed to crosslinking of polymer chains by co-ordination of alcohol groups to “nascent” chromic ions formed by reduction of the dichromate. Exposure to air saturated with water vapor eliminates the carbonyl absorption maxima from the ultraviolet spectrum of polyvinyl alcohol film but the spectrum can be restored by heating: this phenomenon is independent of the crosslinking reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080426
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  • 67
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    Effects of morphology and molecular structure on tensile impact behavior of linear polyethylene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1751-1762 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An instrumented tensile impact test which allows a load time curve to be obtained coincident with the energy to rupture values has been applied to the examination of a series of linear polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers of varying molecular weight and thermal history. The effect of test specimen geometry was also investigated. A morphological examination of these resins indicated a strong dependence of spherulite size on molecular weight, and to a much lesser degree on molding conditions; it appeared to be independent of comonomer. The overall crystallinity, as determined by both x-ray and density methods, and crystallite perfection was increased by a slower crystallization rate, but was independent of molecular weight. The tensile impact strength (energy to rupture) was found to increase with molecular weight, and decrease on the introduction of comonomer. But the effect of thermal history gave rise to results which bore no clear-cut relation to molecular and morphological parameters. The value of the instrumented tensile impact test is shown by the fact that these apparent anomalies can now be resolved by separating the elastic and plastic portions of the deformation. An increased level and perfection of crystallinity results in higher load bearing properties accompanied by a reduction in duration of impact. It is primarily the duration, rather than the peak load, which is affected by molecular weight. The main effect produced by changing from a type L (long) tensile impact specimen to a type S (short) was to reduce considerably the duration of the plastic region while simultaneously raising the maximum elastic load; this is thought to be associated with a more localized deformation and therefore a higher rate of strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080425
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  • 68
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    Polymerizations of nitroalkyl acrylates (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1787-1799 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have prepared some nitroalkyl acrylates and methacrylates by a method involving alcoholysis, and investigated their polymerizability. 2-Nitrobutyl acrylate (NBA) was extensively studied. The especially purified NBA monomer has good polymerizability without inhibiting radical polymerization and gives a thermally stable polymer. From copolymerization experiments with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile, the Q and e values of NBA were estimated to be 0.47 and 0.85, respectively. The copolymerization behavior of NBA with some polyglycol dimethacrylates and unsaturated polyesters are comparable to those of n-butyl acrylate. This monomer has little tendency to polymerize with organometallic initiators, but some polymers obtained are found to be crystalline. The polar and steric effects of the nitro group situated on the ester side chain are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080428
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  • 69
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    High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonatePresented at the First Canadian Wood Chemistry Symposium, Toronto, September 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1801-1812 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: High resolution electron microscopy of sodium lignin sulfonates revealed a granular microstructure of spherical particles of diameters ranging from 30 to 90 A. The weight average particle weight, Pw was computed from the dimensions measured on the electron micrographs and the density of lignin. For a fraction of intermediate molecular weight, the particle diameter derived from Pw was 64 A., in fair agreement with a value of 49 A. computed from the sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight. A high molecular weight fraction contained, in addition to the granular moiety, larger structures which appeared to be aggregates of the granules. The particle weight distribution for the high molecular weight fraction was similar to the distribution of sedimentation constants previously found for alkali lignins. The spherical shapes for both the granules and the aggregates was in accord with the compact spherical configuration previously proposed for lignin sulfonates in aqueous solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080429
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  • 70
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    Hydration and density of collagen and gelatinSupported by a contribution from the Old Dominion Foundation. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1813-1824 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The water sorption by adult and embryonic native and insoluble collagen was investigated, along with that of calfskin gelatin. Greater sorption was obtainable with the collagen fractions than with gelatin, but the technique could not distinguish the fractions themselves. The suggestion is made that the greater sorption by collagen over gelatin and differences in apparent wettability between the adult and embryonic insoluble collagen might be explained by the formation of helical grooves with aging. Density measurements of the collagen fractions indicate that collagen becomes more crystalline with aging. This also applied to the insoluble collagen. These results are consistent with the view that differences in collagen solubility are due to differences in molecular ordering. The density of the insoluble collagens and gelatin passes through a maximum at 3-4% sorbed water. The phenomenon is explained on the basis of water bridges comprised of a single water molecule double hydrogen bonded to closely aligned chains. A discussion is presented in this connection. A calculation based on the density yields a molecular volume of 4.32 × 10-19 cm.3 For tropocollagen. This is in agreement with the molecular dimensions and consistent with the idea that collagen is formed from an aggregation of the monomer.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080430
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  • 71
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    Stress relaxation of raw natural rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1077-1087 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The effects of mastication on stress relaxation of raw rubber was studied in the range of 20-120°C. The stress relaxation time became shorter with increasing mastication, and the modulus also decreased. The modulus decreased with increasing temperature of measurement. Moreover, it is found that mastication caused the solution viscosity of rubber to decrease, and on heating an intermolecular reaction and cleavage of molecules by oxidation appeared to occur at the same time.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080305
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  • 72
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    Stabilization of polyurethane to thermal degradationAbstracted from the Ph. D. dissertation of C. P. Ngoc Son, University of Delaware, June 1962. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1089-1096 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The labile hydrogen of the carbamate group is primarily responsible for color development in the thermal degradation of polyurethane. Replacement of this hydrogen by an alkyl group prevents back-dissociation. Accordingly, a number of N-substituted polyurethanes were prepared, including the methyl, benzyl, benzoyl, acetyl, and the (N-phenylamido) derivatives. Comparative studies at 150-155°C. showed that the N-methyl and N-benzyl polymers possess outstanding stability under the condition of our testing.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080306
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  • 73
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    A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic deformation with application to polymer processing (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1129-1146 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A continuum theory of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior has been developed which is applicable to the quantitative description of the rheological properties of high polymeric materials. Particular classes of deformations have been investigated. Special emphasis has been placed upon nonlinear effects in viscoelastic fluids such as normal stresses and variable viscosity. Two new classes of flows are defined: sufficiently smooth flow and isoelastic flow.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080309
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  • 74
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    Some problems in melt spinning processes. II. Molecular orientation in the course of melt spinning (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1097-1111 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The approximate solutions of the three-dimensional, fundamental equation for the molecular orientation of a spun fiber are obtained, a rigid ellipsoid model for the molecular segments or the paracrystalline structure being assumed. A rate of strain G (sec.-1) of a molten fiber and a rotational diffusion constant D (sec.-1) of the segment are approximated as a function of time t (sec.) as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {G = G_0 + G_1 t + G_2 t^2 + \ldots } \\++ {D = D_0 + T_1 t + \ldots } \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} Under the conditions, 1〉〉G0t〉〉G1G2〉〉G2t3〉〉 … and 1〉〉D0t〉〉D1t2〉〉… a coefficient of the molecular orientation f of spun fiber is found to be: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {f = \frac{2}{5}\int_0^t {Gdt} } \hfill & { - \frac{6}{5}G_0 \left( {\left. {D_0 - \frac{1}{{21}}G_0 } \right)} \right.t^2 } \hfill \\ {} \hfill & { - \frac{2}{5}\left( {\left. {\frac{2}{{21}}G_0 3 + \frac{4}{7}G_0 2D_0 - 6G_0 D_0 2 - \frac{1}{7}G_0 G_1 + 2G_0 D_1 + G_1 D_0 } \right)} \right.t^3 + \ldots } \hfill \\ \end{array}} $$\end{document} The applicability of these approximate, theoretical results is extremely limited in the neighborhood of the spinneret under practical melt spinning conditions. However, the theory should be useful in the case where the polymer temperature is near its melting temperature and the extension rate of spinning fiber is small.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080307
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    Rupture of rubber. XI. Tensile rupture and crack growth in a noncrystallizing rubber (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1113-1128 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory of tensile rupture in a noncrystallizing rubber, a particular instance of a more general theory of rupture in simple extension, is outlined. The theory assumes that failure takes place by growth of a crack from some imperfection in the material where the stress is high locally. The imperfections are considered as being equivalent, in terms of stress concentration effects, to small cracks initially present in the material, and the conditions for crack growth to occur are then treated on the basis of the tearing energy criterion of Part I. It is assumed, by analogy with tearing on a macroscopic scale, that the crack grows continuously with time at a rate, dc/dt, given by: dc/dt = ATn, where A and n are constants and T is the energy expended per unit increase in crack length, per unit thickness of specimen. The predicted relationships of the breaking time to the stored energy density and initial crack length for specimens tested by stretching at uniform rates and by holding at fixed extensions are first compared with the results of model experiments on test pieces containing small tears and cuts. Values of A and n derived from tear test data are used in the theoretical relationships, and it is shown that there is fair agreement with experiment. Results of tests on tensile test pieces containing no deliberately introduced tears or cuts are then shown to be consistent with a failure mechanism of the above type. It appears, however, that the tearing energies in tensile rupture are lower than those observed in tear tests, and reasons for this difference are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080308
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  • 76
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    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part I. Kinetics and gelation studies (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1185-1204 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present investigation the kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac has been studied. A linear relationship between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and the time of polymerization has been observed up to a certain extent of reaction followed by a sharp rise in value of [η] near the gel point. After gelation the intrinsic viscosity of the sol fraction again falls abruptly. Besides, an attempt has also been made to understand the nature of gelation from the weight fractions of gel formed after prolonged curing at different temperatures.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080312
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  • 77
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    Synthesis and properties of some alkyds of more complex carboxyl functionality (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1147-1168 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Syntheses are described where dimer fatty acid (C36), or anhydrides of trimellitic, or pyromellitic, or dodecenylsuccinic acids are substituted in part for components of a model polymer derived from 1 mole each phthalic anhydride and glycerol, and 0.4 mole of linoleic acid. These polymers are compared at several degrees of polyesterification with respect to endgroup analysis, melt and intrinsic viscosity, and fractionation and emulsification behavior in water-solvent mixtures. The data suggest that predictions of the gel point in terms of functionality concepts are of general value only for defining the reaction degrees where insoluble molecules can first appear. The experimental event of gelatification can be delayed to varying degrees by different types and concentrations of inert solvent. The extent of reaction where molecular complexity can give a gellable polymer in the absence of solvency retardation occurs near the theoretical gel point and can be located by inspection of functions relating either melt or intrinsic viscosity to molecular weight. Significant differences in polymer structure have a very small effect on this parameter, nor is there much evidence to show preferential reactivity of similar functional groups associated with different structures. Other data here cited demonstrate some practically useful facts regarding how composition and molecular weight affect solvency behavior; however, no general correlations were found which relate solubility behavior to quantities here miasured.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080310
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  • 78
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    Kinetics of thermal polymerization of shellac. Part II. Effect of catalysts (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1205-1211 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: In the present communication the effect of p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst on thermal polymerization of shellac has been investigated. The difference in activation energy for uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction, has been computed to be 7.4 kcal. when c = 0.1%. The activation energy for uncatalyzed reaction, calculated on this basis comes to 12.5 keal.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080313
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  • 79
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    Antioxidant properties of carbon black in unsaturated elastomers. Studies with cis-polybutadiene (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1169-1183 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The thermal antioxidant behavior of carbon black was studied in vulcanized cis-polybutadiene and related to the surface chemistry of the black. Continuous and intermittent stress-relaxation and oxygen absorption measurements were employed to determine the antioxidant ability of the carbon blacks. The blacks were characterized by the surface concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups, using methods described in the literature. Antioxidant activity was found to be highest in carbons containing relatively large amounts of bound oxygen. These carbons are also acidic and decompose peroxides by the ionic mechanism. This was demonstrated with dicumyl peroxide. However, even though the acidity and ability to decompose dicumyl peroxide to phenol and acetone could be destroyed by methylation, this treatment did not seriously impair the antioxidant activity, so that the role of acidic groups appears to be minor. Evidence is presented which suggests strongly that the antioxidant behavior of carbon blacks is due to surface quinones, possibly hydrogen-bonded with adjacent hydroxyl groups. Measurements made on samples vulcanized in peroxide and sulfur curing systems indicate that the antioxidant behavior of carbon black is independent of the method of vulcanization in the absence of other antioxidants. A characteristic feature of the antioxidant action of carbon blacks is their tendency to repress the oxidative crosslinking reactions, the relative amount of compensation of chain scission by crosslinking being smaller than in gum vulcanizates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080311
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  • 80
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    The amorphous fraction of cellulose and its relation to moisture sorption (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1213-1220 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: The OH → OD exchange reaction between deuterium oxide vapor and cellulose has been studied for thirteen different types of cellulose; the extent of exchange in a cellulose was determined by measuring the increase in the dry weight of the sample. With each cellulose the deuteration reaction was in two stages, a rapid stage followed by a slow stage; the material that exchanges during the rapid stage is the infrared-amorphous fraction of the cellulose, and therefore values for the amorphous fractions of the thirteen samples could be obtained. These amorphous fractions were found to be linearly related to the moisture regains of the samples. There is tentative evidence that the cellulose II samples absorb slightly more water into a unit amount of amorphous material than cellulose I samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080314
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  • 81
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    Quelques remarques concernant le mécanisme de polymérisation en bloc du chlorure de vinyle (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1275-1279 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Samples of PVC, obtained by bulk polymerization were tested. Molecular weight distribution by nephelometric titration, number of branching by viscosity measurement, and density of the powders and films using a density gradient column were assessed. Microphotographs of the powders were taken. It was found that the average number of branching in 1000 monomer units is approximately proportional to the contact surface of the liquid and solid phase.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080317
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    Dryblending behavior of commercial polyvinyl chloride (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1221-1255 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Ease of processing suspension-polymerized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is related to its ability to accept sufficient plasticizer, while remaining a dry, free-flowing powder. The successful incorporation of plasticizer, termed cold preblending or hot dryblending, depends upon basic physicochemical factors. Cold preblending corresponds to a purely geometrical filling of intraparticle pores and fissures, while hot dryblending depends additionally upon a time-dependent absorption. Quantitative laboratory tests for these two effects were developed and standardized. When applied to experimental and commercial lots of PVC and their fractions, the tests gave results which showed slight correlation with gross properties of the particles. However, intercorrelation between tests for cold preblending and hot dryblending was strong, indicating that the same factors may be responsible for both. The tests also provided good ratings of polymers for actual processing behavior. It is possible to control particle geometry via the process variables of suspension polymerization, and thence to regulate cold preblending behavior; the effects on hot dryblending are not as clear. Post-polymerization grinding markedly alters the PVC particle surfaces and can substantially improve hot dryblending capacity. Severe grinding is needed to change particle geometry enough for any large improvement of cold preblending.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080315
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  • 83
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    Determination of intrinsic viscosity from one point measurement (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1281-1286 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The method of calculation of the intrinsic viscosity [η] from one viscosity measurement according to the Solomon and Ciutǎ's equation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{l} [\eta ]c = \sqrt 2 \sqrt {\eta _{sp} - \ln \eta _r } \\ \\ \end{array} $$\end{document} has been analysed. The difference between [η] extrapolated from the measurement of viscosity at several concentrations and [η] calculated has been defined in dependence on the product [η]c and the value of Huggins' constant k'. It has been demonstrated that the proposed equation is often useful but not generally valid; the range of its applicability has been defined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080318
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  • 84
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    Interaction of nylon polymers with epoxy resins in adhesive blends (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1287-1295 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blends of nylon-epoxy resins are used as adhesives. It is found by swelling tests that the epoxy resin crosslinks the nylon. By the failure of poly-N,N'-diisobutylhexamethyleneadipamide to cure and by the failure of prereactions of the nylon with phenyl glycidyl ether, it is shown that the epoxy resin reacts with the nylon through the amide hydrogen. The effect of the epoxy cure on increasing the brittle strength and on decreasing the yield strength of the nylon is discussed in terms of stresses in the adhesive joint.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080319
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  • 85
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    Rheological properties of SBR polymers by capillary extrusion (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 1257-1273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A modification of the piston head of the Instron rheometer has enabled its use in studying rheological properties of SBR elastomers over a shear rate range of 30-2500 sec.-1. In place of the usual piston head, a Teflon plug with a cavitated bottom was used. This eliminates leakage between the piston and barrel and results in uniform force traces that can be extrapolated to zero barrel length to yield the total force of extrusion. Hence, it gives a practical means to study, on sound theoretical basis, the rheological properties which are all important in the prediction of factory processing behavior and factors which influence it. Extrusions of SBR 1712 and 1712-HAF compound were made through capillaries having 180° entrance angles, diameters of 0.033, 0.043, 0.052, and 0.070 in. and length/diameter ratios near 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 at temperatures of 80, 90, 110, and 130°C. and crosshead speeds of 1/2, 1, 2, and 5 in./min. Linear fits were found between length/diameter (L/D) ratio and the force of extrusion (at zero barrel length). The slopes of these lines give values of true shear stress which fit one relationship to Newtonian shear rates at each of the four temperatures independent of die dimensions. Plots of log true shear stress versus log true shear rate show curvilinear behavior for clear SBR 1712 elastomer over the entire shear rate range of 45-3900 sec.-1 at all four temperatures. The same plots for the HAF compound of SBR 1712 showed curvilinear behavior below shear rates of 100 sec.-1 and linear behavior above with a power law exponent of 6.1. There is a great difference in slopes between lower and higher shear rates at all four temperatures. This indicates that extrapolation from low shear rate instruments cannot be made to predict behavior at higher rates common to factory equipment. This observation holds for both clear SBR 1712 elastomer and its HAF compound. True shear stresses at corresponding true shear rates (and therefore viscosities) were considerably higher for the compound than for the clear elastomer, as was expected. However, the addition of black reduces the extent of deviation from Newtonian behavior. Even though uncorrected for recoverable shear strain, viscosities were calculated and used to calculate activation energies according to the Arrhenius equation. Straight lines were obtained covering temperatures at 90, 110, and 130°C. at all shear rates with activation energies of 1.5 kcal./mole of both the clear elastomer and its compound. Log viscosity at 80°C. in all cases was above the straight lines through the log viscosities at the other three temperatures. This indicates a higher activation energy at temperatures below 90°C. Addition of black apparently does not affect substantially the identity of the rheological unit. Extrusion die swell was found to decrease with increasing temperature and increasing L/D ratio at all rates of shear. At a given temperature it increases rate of shear. Swell was anisotropic for the clear elastomer but not for the compound.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1964.070080316
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  • 86
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    Wasseranalyse. Von R. K. Freier. Verlag Walter de Gruyter u. Co., Berlin 1964. 128 S. mit 10 Abb., geb. 24, -  DM (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 972-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151120
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  • 87
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    Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen im Apparatebau (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 977-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copper-nickel alloys for apparatusBecause of their corrosion-chemical and mechanical properties, the alloys of the copper-nickel system are suitable for applications in the sphere of equipment construction. The binary alloys, both on a copper basis and on a nickel basis, can be improved by further alloying metals in respect of strength, workability and corrosion resistance. The different applications are illustrated by typical examples.
    Notes: Die korrosionschemischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierungen des Systems Kupfer-Nickel machen diese für vielseitige Verwendungen im Apparatebau geeignet. Die binären Legierungen sowohl auf Kupfer- als auch auf Nickel-Basis können durch weitere Zusätze hinsichtlich Festigkeit, Verarbeitung und Korrosions- beständigkeit verbessert werden. Für die Anwendungsgebiete werden typische Beispiele gegeben.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151202
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  • 88
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    Personalnachrichten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 976-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151124
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  • 89
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    Masthead (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151201
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  • 90
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    Homogen verbleiter Stahl als Konstruktionswerkstoff. Teil III. Mechanisierte Verfahren der homogenen Verbleiung (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 991-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Homogeneously lead coated steel as a material of construction III. Mechanised processes for homogeneous lead coatingsDeparting from the classical German lead-coating method, an extensive synopsis is given of the mechanisation of homogeneous lead coating, making use of the oxy-acetylene burner. The report covers some of the author's own works as well as, on the basis of patent literature, the works carried out by the Broken Hill Assoc. Smelters Proprietary Ltd. and the Consolidated Mining & Smelters Company of Canada.
    Notes: Ausgehend von den klassischen deutschen Verbleiungsverfahren wird ein ausführlicher Überblick über die Mechanisierung der Homogen-Verbleiung unter Verwendung des Acetylen-Sauerstoff-Brenners gegeben. Berichtet wird über eigene einschlägige Arbeiten sowie an Hand der Patentliteratur über die der Broken Hill Assoc. Smelters Proprietary Ltd. und der Consolitated Mining & Smelters Comp. of Canada.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151204
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  • 91
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    Eisenmetalle (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 1010-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640151208
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  • 92
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    Staub und Ruß als KorrosionsursachenVorgetragen auf der Diskussionstagung „Atmosphärische Korrosion der Metalle“, 7. u. 8. 11. 63 in Frankfurt/M. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion caused by dust and sootSoot and dust present in the atmosphere and in waste gases show great differences in quantity and composition. The corrosion damage, caused by them (and briefly discussed in the present paper) has correspondingly different characteristics which depend on the physical properties and chemical composition of these media.
    Notes: Ruß und Staub, die in der atmosphärischen Luft und in Abgasen in unterschiedlichen Mengen wie Beschaffenheit vorhanden sind, führen zu ebenso unterschiedlichen, von den physikalischen Eigenschaften und der chemischen Zusammensetzung dieser Medien abhängigen, kurz gekennzeichneten Korrosionsschäden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150404
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  • 93
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    Nichtrostende Stähle für die Automobilindustrie (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stainless steels for the motor car industryThe author reports on the use of stainless steels for ornamental parts of motor vehicles, on the basis of experience abroad, especially in America. Stainless chromium steels with 17 pC chromium or less are apt to fail under critical conditions, and should only be used for parts subjected to relatively low stresses. In contrast, much use can be made of chromium steels alloyed with molybdenum and chromenickel steels. German specifications have also led to the development of a chromemolybdenum steel (Material No. 1.4113) of a composition similar to that of the American steel AISI 434. The author discusses the composition and mechanical properties of the steels used in Germany for ornamental parts of motor cars.In a second part of the paper, a description is given of corrosion tests normally applied in Germany and in USA. The different tests also have certain drawbacks, which are indicated. A detailed comparison of the different testing methods, accompanied by test results, is intended to be the subject of a later communication.
    Notes: Es wird über die Verwendung nichtrostender Stähle für Kraftfahrzeugzierteile berichtet. Dabei wird von den Entwicklungen im Ausland und besonders den amerikanischen Erfahrungen ausgegangen. Nichtrostende Chromstähle mit 17% Cr oder weniger können unter kritischen Bedingungen versagen und sollten nur für geringer beanspruchte Teile gebraucht werden. Chromstähle mit Molybdänzusatz und Chrom-Nickel-Stähle sind dagegen weitgehend verwendbar. Die Abnahmebedingungen in Deutschland führten gleichfalls zur Entwicklung eines Chromstahls mit Molybdänzusatz (Werkstoff Nr. 1.4113), der in seiner Zusammensetzung dem amerikanischen Stahl AISI 434 gleicht. Es werden die Zusammensetzungen und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der in Deutschland für Zierteile gebräuchlichen Stähle genannt.In einem zweiten Teil werden Korrosionsprüfungen, wie sie in Deutschland und in USA üblich sind, beschrieben. Die verschiedenen Prüfungen weisen auch Nachteile auf, die angedeutet werden. Eine ausführliche Gegenüberstellung der einzelnen Prüfverfahren zusammen mit Versuchsergebnissen soll in einer späteren Mitteilung erfolgen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150402
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    Die atmosphärische Korrosion des durch Anstrich geschützten StahlesVortrag, gehalten auf der Diskussionstagung „Atmosphärische Korrosion der Metalle“ am 8. 11. 63 in Frankfurt/M. (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 300-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric corrosion of coated steelIn the first section reactions between steel and base-coat are interpreted as starting the corrosion. On the metal surface it is a matter of electrolytic reactions between anodic and cathodic parts, as well as chemical reactions caused by foreign substances on and in the surface. In the coating-film the decisive role is played by the permeability of atmospheric substances.The second section deals with fundamental corrosion reactions beneath the coating. Three stages of corrosion process are distinguished, beginning with the formation of ferro-ions and ending with the precipitation of ferric oxides. The water permeability of the primers is responsible for initiating the first stage.In the third section the most important means of inhibiting the corrosion process are discussed; among them are the choice of the optimal film-forming matter, the correct pigmentation (qualitatively and quantitatively), and, finally, the incorporation of effective inhibitors in the film.
    Notes: Im ersten Teil werden Reaktionen in der Grenzfläche zwischen Stahl und Anstrichfilm dargelegt, die den Rostprozeß in Gang setzen. Auf der Metallseite handelt es sich um elektrolytische Vorgänge zwischen anodischen und kathodischen Bereichen sowie chemische Reaktionen an verunreinigenden Fremdkörpern auf und in der Eisenoberfläche. Auf der Filmseite spielt die Durchlässigkeit für atmosphärische Bestandteile die entscheidende Rolle.Der zweite Teil beschäftigt sich mit den grundlegenden Unterrostungsreaktionen beim gestrichenen Stahl. Drei Stufen des Rostprozesses werden unterstrichen, die mit der Bildung von Ferro-Ionen beginnen und mit der Ausfällung von Eisenoxyden enden. Die Permeabilität der Grundierungen für Wasser setzt die erste Stufe in Gang.Im dritten Teil sind die wichtigsten Eingriffsmöglichkeiten für die Hemmung des Rostvorganges zur Diskussion gestellt. Hierzu gehören die Wahl des optimalen Filmbildners für den gegebenen Fall, die korrekte Pigmentierung (qualitativ wie quantitativ) und der Einbau wirksamer Hemmstoffe in den Film.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150403
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  • 95
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    Technologie der kontinuierlichen Anodisierung von Aluminiumbändern und -drähten (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Technology of the continuous anodisation of aluminium tapes and wiresFollowing an introductory synopsis, dealing in particular with the insulating Properties of anodised semi-finished products and their applications in the electrical industry, a detailed description given of the systematic anodisation tests carried out by the Institute for Metallurgical Research in Budapest. A special installation designed for the anodic oxidation of semi-finished products and an oxidation method already tried out on an industrial scale (pre-treatment, baths, working methods, post-treatment) are described and illustrated. In conclusion, the German, British, French and Hungarian testing methods for anodised semi-finished products are surveyed.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an einen einführenden Überblick, insbesondere über das lsolationsverhalten von anodisiertem Halbzeug und dessen Einsatz in der Elektrotechnik, wird ausführlich über die vom Institut für Metallforschung, Budapest, durchgeführten systematischen Anodisierungsversuche berichtet. In Wort und Bild beschrieben wird die für die anodische Halbzeugoxydation entwickelte Spezialanlage und das bereits großtechnisch erprobte Oxydationsverfahren, (Vorbehandlung, Bäder, Arbeitstechnik, Nachbehandlung). Abschließend wird ein Überblick über die deutschen, englischen, französischen und ungarischen Prüfverfahren für anodisiertes Halbzeug gegeben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150405
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  • 96
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    Werkstoffverhalten und Werkstoffeigenschaften (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150407
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  • 97
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    Nichteisenmetalle (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 321-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150409
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  • 98
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    Fasermetallurgie (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 313-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fibre metallurgyThrough producing a metallic fibre felt (fibre thickness 0.025 to 0.5 mm; fibre length 0.75 to 25 mm), one obtains compounds of high porosity (up to 97 pC) which, after sintering in a reducing atmosphere, can be processed by all conventional methods. In contrast to metal powder sinter products, the pores extend right across so that the material combines high permeability with a high surface/volume ratio. Virtually all metals and alloys can be converted into fibre substances. The only difficulties are encountered, during sintering, with metals with stable oxide films on the surface (Al). Among present applications are filters of high permeability, catalyst carriers, supporting grids for lead batteries, sound insulation, reinforcement of plastics, metals (Mg, Pb) and refractory ceramic compounds.
    Notes: Durch Herstellen eines metallischen Faserfilzes (Faserdicke 0,025 bis 0,5 mm, Faserlänge 0,75 bis 25 mm) erhält man Massen hoher Porosität (bis 97%), die nach Sintern in reduzierender Atmosphäre nach allen üblichen Verfahren bearbeitet werden können. Im Gegensatz zu Metallpulver-Sinterkörpern sind die Poren hier durchgehend, so daß das Material hohe Durchlässigkeit mit großem Verhältnis Oberfläche/Volumen vereinigt. Praktisch alle Metalle und Legierungen lassen sich in Faserkörper überführen, lediglich Metalle mit stabilen Oxydschichten auf der Oberfläche (Al) bieten Schwierigkeiten beim Sintern. Zu den bisherigen Anwendungen gehören Filter hoher Durchlässigkeit, Katalysatorträger, Stützgitter für Bleiakkumulatoren, Schallisolierung, Verstärkung von Kunststoffen, Metalle (Mg, Pb) und keramische hitzebeständige Massen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150406
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  • 99
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    Werkstoffprüfverfahren und -einrichtungen (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 319-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150408
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  • 100
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    Nichtmetallische anorganische Werkstoffe (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 324-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150410
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