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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramolecular transitions and intermolecular interactions of polypeptides by fluorescence techniques (1972)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 11 (1972), S. 2644-2653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00764a015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene order in the major histocompatibility complex of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 13 (1981), S. 371-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The loci in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat which code for class I and class II antigens—RT1.A and RT1.B, respectively — have previously been separated by laboratory-derived recombinants and by observations in inbred and wild rats. Closely linked to the MHC is the growth and reproduction complex (Grc) which contains genes influencing body size (dw-3) and fertility (ft). These phenotypic markers were used in this study to orient the A and B loci of the MHC. Two recombinants were used for mapping. The BIL(R1) animal is a recombinant between the MHC and Grc, and it carries the haplotype RT1.A lBlGrc+. The r10 animal is an intra-MHC recombinant, and it has the haplotype RT1.A nB1 Grc. These recombinants were characterized serologically, by mixed lymphocyte reactivity, by immune responsiveness to poly (Glu52Lys33Tyr15) and by the presence of the dw-3 gene. The data demonstrate that the gene order of the loci is: dw-3-RT1.B-RT1.A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheRT1.G locus in the rat encodes a Qa/TL-like antigen (1989)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 30 (1989), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A new antigenic system in the rat homologous to theQa/TL antigen system in the mouse has been characterized. It was detected by antibodies raised in donor-recipient combinations that were matched for theRT1. A, B, D, E loci in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC): (R11×BN)F1 anti-BN.1L(LEW), (R18×BN)F1 anti-BN.1L, and BN.1LV1(F344) anti-BN.1L. Absorption analyses using these antisera and a variety of inbred, congenic and recombinant strains identified three alleles,RT1.G a ,G b ,G c , of whichG c is a null allele. The strain distribution of these alleles was determined, using 37 strains of rats representative of all of the prototypic haplotypes and a number of congenic and recombinant strains. The use of the congenic and recombinant strains showed that theRT1.G locus was linked to the MHC and that the most probable gene order wasA-E-G. Testcross analysis showed that the map distance betweenA andG was 1.4 cM(4/285 recombinants). The RT1.G antigen has a heavy chain ofM r 46 000 and is present on both T and B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping of the E/C and grc regions of the rat major histocompatibility complex (1996)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 44 (1996), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Alignment of class I-hybridizing cosmids from an R21 (A l B l D l E u grc + ) genomic DNA library gave two contigs: one [150 kilobases (kb)] encompassed the E/C region, or a large part thereof, and the other (110 kb) contained the grc region which has genes influencing resistance to chemical carcinogens (rcc), fertility (ft), and growth (dw-3). Amplification of gene sequences in the four cosmids in the E/C region using E u -specific and LW2 (RT1.C)-specific primers showed that each cosmid contained both E u -like and C-like genes. They are clearly different but closely associated, and they show some variation from the prototypic E (E u ) and C (LW2) genes, respectively. Comparison of DNA from grc + and grc – strains of rats showed that the deletion in the grc – strains was approximately 50 kb, and that it was located on two of the three cosmids in the grc-region contig. The use of specific class I probes showed that the grc region contained tandemly duplicated RT1.O-RT1.N genes and that the RT.BM1 loci lay outside of the grc region. Neither contig reacted with probes specific for class II, TNFA, Hsp70, or RT1.M genes. The data presented here and the previous data in the literature (summarized in Gill et al. 1995) suggest that the gene order in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC-linked region of the rat is: A-E/C-grc-M.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050084
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage of the locus encoding the A chain of α-crystallin (Acry-1) to the major histocompatibility complex in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 22 (1985), S. 291-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404489
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of rat MHC class I antigens by peptide mapping (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 25 (1987), S. 35-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies specific for the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens RT1.An, RT1.Au, and RT1.Eu were used for immunoprecipitation of antigens biosynthetically radiolabeled with14C- or3H-labeled arginine, lysine, and tyrosine; with arginine or tyrosine alone; and with or without tunicamycin in the culture medium. Heavy chains of the glycosylated and unglycosylated antigens were purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their tryptic and chymotryptic peptides were compared by high performance liquid chromatography. The antigens coded by the same locus in two different haplotypes (An and Au) differed by 30%, whereas the products of two different loci in the same haplotype (Au and Eu) differed only by 1–3%. Comparative analysis of the data for samples labeled with single amino acids indicated that two amino acids in Au have been substituted by an arginine and probably by a tyrosine residue, respectively, in Eu. The high degree of homology between the products of theA andE loci in the same haplotype accounts for the difficulty in detecting recombinational events within the MHC of the rat by classical serological approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00768831
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate moieties of rat MHC class I antigens (1987)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 26 (1987), S. 204-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rat major histocompatibility complex class I antigens RT1.Au and RT1.Eu from the u haplotype and RT1.An from the n haplotype were labeled with 14C-asparagine or with 3H-fucose, mannose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed complete removal of radioactivity from the sugar-labeled antigen heavy chains by digestion with glycopeptidase F, an enzyme that removes N-linked glycans completely. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the tryptic digests of the mixed sugar-labeled and asparagine-labeled antigens demonstrated that all the sugar-labeled peptides were coincident with asparagine-labeled peptides. The An antigen showed three glycopeptides, each of which had different amounts of sugar radioactivity. The antigens Au and Eu showed two glycopeptides with different amounts of radioactivity but at identical positions in the two antigens. Antigen Eu had an additional glycopeptide with a lower amount of radioactivity. The positions of the glycopeptides from the Au and Eu antigens were different from those of the An antigen. The peptide profiles of the 14C-asparagine-labeled Au and Eu antigens demonstrated distinct differences between the molecules. The results of this study show that: (a) all the glycans on rat class I antigens are N-linked, as they are on H-2 and HLA class I antigens; (b) there are compositional differences among the glycans in each of the three antigens; (c) the glycosylation pattern of the rat class I antigens is similar to that of the mouse class I antigens, which contain two or three glycans, in contrast to that of the human class I antigens, which contain only one glycan; and (d) the antigens Au and Eu from the same haplotype are more closely related to each other than they are to the An antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346513
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical mapping of the MHC and grc by the pulse field electrophoresis (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 35 (1992), S. 166-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of the physical map of the major histocompatibility complex of the rat was undertaken using pulse field gel electrophoresis of fragments of genomic DNA from the BIL/2 (grc +) and BIL/1 (grc −) strains obtained primarily from single and double digests with the enzymes Mlu I, Not I, and Sfi I and hybridized with a variety of mouse, rat, and human probes. Both strains are maintained by inbreeding the BIL heterozygote (forced heterozygosity; F31); hence, their differences lie almost entirely in the MHC-grc regions. The MHC-grc region was contained in five fragments of DNA comprising 3000–3200 kilobases (kb); thus, its size appears to be closer to that of the human MHC than to that of the mouse MHC. This didstance may be an underestimate of the size of the entire region, however, because the cluster of class I loci in the RT1.A region could not be defined in detail in this study. The most striking difference between the BIL/2 strain, which has normal growth and reproductive characteristics, and the BIL/1 strain, which has growth and reproductive defects and an enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, is a deletion of approximately 70 kb in the latter strain. The studies og grc + and grc − strain suggest that the phenotypic defects of the grc − stains may be due to the loss of genes that are normally present in this deleted region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic DNA sequence and organization of a TL-like gene in the grc-G/C region of the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 35 (1992), S. 365-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genes in the grc-G/C region, which is linked to the rat major histocompatibility complex, influence the control of growth, development, and susceptibility to chemical carcinogens. As an initial approach to analyzing the structure and organization of these genes, a class I hybridizing fragment designated RT(5.8) was isolated from an R21 genomic DNA library and sequenced from overlapping restriction enzyme fragments. The RT(5.8) clone has 5788 base pairs and contains the eight exons characteristic of a class I gene. There are CAAT and TATA boxes upstream of the signal peptide, and the recognition sequence that precedes the site of polyadenylation is located downstream from the third cytoplasmic domain. Comparison of the RT(5.8) gene with respect class I genes from the rat and other species shows that the nucleotide sequences of RT(5.8) have a high level of similarity to those of TL region genes of several strains of mice. The peptide sequence deduced from the RT(5.8) clone is distinct from all previously published class I gene sequences, and at many positions there are amino acid residues that are unique to the RT(5.8) sequence. Probes have been isolated from the third exon and from the 5′ and 3′ flanking regions of the RT(5.8) clone, and Southern blot analysis with genomic DNA of various rat strains shows that these probes are specific for the RT(5.8) fragment. Northern blot analysis shows that the gene is transcribed in the thymus but not in the liver or spleen. The RT(5.8) sequence is more similar to some mouse TL genes (especially in the α2 and cytoplasmic domains and in the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions) than it is to other rat class I genes. Hence, TL-like genes are not restricted to the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00179792
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism of the major histocompatibility locus in the wild Norway rat (1976)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 3 (1976), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Specific alloantisera against the eight Ag-B groups found in inbred strains of rats were capable of reacting with all wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) tested. Absorption studies, antisera production, and progeny testing involving wild rats showed that the antigenic specificities detected in the wild rat population were similar, if not identical, to the Ag-B antigens present in inbred strains. Xenoantisera prepared in rabbits against rat erythrocyte antigens (Ag-C1 and/or C2) reacted with erythrocytes from each wild rat tested. Progeny testing involving these erythrocyte antigens was identical to that observed in inbred strains. The restricted genetic polymorphism of theAg-B alleles in the wild rat population suggests that the functional and evolutionary significance of the major histocompatibility complex in the rat may not depend upon a high degree of genetic variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01576951
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