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  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949  (148)
  • 1948  (148)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (148)
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  • 2000-2004
  • 1985-1989
  • 1945-1949  (148)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of styrene in soap solutions (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 22-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A turbidimetric method has been developed for determining the styrene content in water and soap solution. The solubility of styrene in distilled water was 0.022% while in 2.0% potassium oleate solution it was 0.65 to 0.88%. The course of the polymerization of a saturated solution of styrene in 2% potassium oleate was followed by a colorimetric analysis based on reaction with dilute potassium permanganate. The rate of polymerization decreased rapidly after 50% conversion. The activation energy was estimated to be 17,000 kcal., somewhat less than in solution. The molecular weight of the polymer produced was 200,000. Occasional erratic results were ascribed to possible influence of various amounts of air sealed in the polymerization mixtures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercaptan derivatives as modifiers in the copolymerization of butadiene and styreneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 50-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It has been demonstrated that the homogeneity in respect to molecular weight of emulsion copolymers of butadiene and styrene can be increased by the use of certain derivatives of n-dodecyl mercaptan rather than the mercaptan itself. These derivatives decompose and relase n-dodecyl mercaptan at an even rate during the polymerization reaction. Several new derivatives of n-dodecyl mercaptan are described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of unsaturation of synthetic and natural rubbers by means of iodine monochlorideThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the U. S. Government synthetic rubber program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 66-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Precise analytical methods are developed using iodine monochloride for the determination of unsaturation in polybutadiene and polyisoprene and their copolymers with styrene. The complicating side reactions, splitting out and substitution, as well as the influence of the solvent employed are investigated in detail. It is concluded that GR-S at various conversions has the theoretical unsaturation. Emulsion polybutadiene exhibits 97 to 98% of the theoretical unsaturation, emulsion polyisoprene 97% sodium polybutadiene 92%, and sodium polyisoprene 85%. The amount of unsaturation in these last two polymers as well as in the sodium copolymer of butadiene and styrene (75:25) is considerable less than theoretically expected.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photochemistry of proteins. III. Quantum yield for inactivation of soybean trypsin inhibitor by ultraviolet lightFrom a thesis to be submitted by B. Katchman to the Graduate School of Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn for the Ph.D. dgree. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 138-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor has been inactivated by ultraviolet light (λ2537 Å.) with a quantum yield of 0.0088 based upton loss of ability to inhibit the action of trypsin on casein. Inactivation involves a “one-hit” process.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction activation of emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and styrene: The benzoyl peroxide-ferrous pyrophosphate systemThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 128-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The German redox system of emulsion polymerization of butadiene and styrene has been found to be very sensitive to exact details of experimental procedure. Soap may be substituted for the alkanesulfonate used by the Germans; it is then unnecessary to add ferric laurate to the system.Careful investigation of the soap-emulsified mixture leads to the conclusion that 0.25 parts of benzoyl peroxide, 0.50 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 3.0 parts of sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate were the optimum concentrations of the essential ingredients for polymerization of an emulsion of 75 parts of butadiene and 25 parts of styrene in 200 parts of water and 5 parts of Procter and Gamble soap Flakes (S.F.) at 30°. At very low iron concentration the addition of a reducing agent as “booster” was beneficial; for this purpose sorbose can be replaced by fructose or, less satisfactorily, by a number of other reducing agents.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beitrage zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. I. Thermische polymerisation von inden (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 325-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The rate constants for thermal polymerization of indene at 150° and 175° in the absence of oxygen have been found to be 6.0 × 10-6 and 3.16 × 10-5 min.-1, respectively. The average degree of polymerization at each temperature was slightly less than four.
    Notes: Die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der thermischen Polymerisation von Inden bei 150° und 175° in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff wird zu 6.0 × 10-6 und 3.16 × 10-5 min.-1 resp., bestimmt. Der durchschnittliche mittlere Polymerisationsgrad war etwas geringer als 4 bei beiden Versuchstemperaturen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030303
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of allyl compounds. IV. Emulsion polymerization of allyl acetate (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The emulsion polymerization of allyl acetate yields a polymer of the same average molecular weight as is obtained in bulk polymerization. The decomposition of potassimn persulfate is of the first order but is greatly accelerated by the presence of allyl acetate or of ethyl acetate. Three independent methods of analysis agree in indicating the presence of sulfate groups in 75% of the polymer molecules. It is concluded that the mechanisms of chain initiation and termination are analogous to those in the peroxide-induced bulk polymerization of allyl acetate. These facts do not serve to distinguish between different postulated loci reaction in emulsion polymerization.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. IV. Über polyindenperoxyde (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 518-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymeric indene prepared in the presence of oxygen can be separated into two fractions by precipitation with methanol. Polyindene is insoluble while the methanol-soluble portion can be precipitated from benzene by petroleum ether as a white powdery “polyindene peroxide.” Fractionation yielded samples with molecular weights from 300 to 3000. Bromine titration indicated that the lower molecular samples contained about one double bond per polymer molecule. The polymer gave qualitative tests for peroxide, but iodimetric titration of one sample gave only some 42.5% of the calculated active oxygen content.
    Notes: Polymeres Indol, das in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff dargestellt wurde, kann durch Fällen mit Methylalkohol in 2 Fraktionen getrennt werden. Polyindol ist unlöslich. Die methylalkohollösliche Fraktion kann aus Benzol mit Petroläther als ein weisses, pulveriges “Polyindolperoxyd” ausgefällt werden. Fraktionierung führte zu Substanzen mit Molekulargewichten zwischen 300 und 3000. Bromtitration deutete darauf hin, dass die niedrigmolekularen Proben ungefähr eine Doppelbindung pro Polymermolekül enthielten. Die qualitative Prüfung für Peroxyd war positiv, aber die jodometrische Titration einer Probe ergab nur 42.5% des berechneten aktiven Sauerstoffgehaltes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. V. Reaktionskinetik der indenvulkanisation (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 525-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The reaction of indene with sulfur has been shown to give a polymer containing one atom of sulfur per indene unit. The refraction and absorption characteristics of the polymer have been reported. The kinetics of the reaction of sulfur, with and without added accelerators, have been investigated with the view to establishing the influence of the accelerators on the rate and the temperature coefficient.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, dass die Reaktion von Indol mit Schwefel zu einem Polymer führt, das ein Schwefelatom pro Indoleinheit enthält. Der Brechungsindex und das Absorptionsspektrum des Polymers werden mitgeteilt. Die Kinetik der Schwefelreaktion, mit und ohne Zusatz von Beschleunigern, wird untersucht um den Einfluss der Beschleuniger auf die Reaktiongeschwindigkeit und die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Reaktion festzustellen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030407
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and equilibrium phenomena in gas-elastomer systems. I. Kinetic phenomena (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 549-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The influence has been studied of systematic alterations in the amount of cross linking in elastomers upon diffusion coefficients and permeability constants in elastomers of homologous paraffin hydrocarbons. In a number of such media the influence of chain length of the paraffins upon the transport phenomena has also been investigated, using CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H8, and n-C4H10.Apparent activation energies for permeation (Ep) and for diffusion (ED) for degrees of vulcanization up to 11.3% combined sulfur are in the decreasing order: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm butane } 〉 {\rm propane } 〉 {\rm }_{{\rm ethylene}}^{{\rm ethane}} {\rm } 〉 {\rm methane } 〉 {\rm nitrogen}$$\end{document} For low vulcanizates, EP is not very sensitive to the per cent sulfur. However for higher percentages of sulfur, EP tends to rise, especially when the migrating molecule is a large one. ED is rather more sensitive both to molecular size and to per cent combined sulfur.Both EP and ED for natural rubber vulcanizates show definite temperature coefficients, manifested as curvature when log10 D or log 10 P is plotted against 1/T. Such curvature was absent, however, in butyl rubber.The results have been interpreted in terms of the molecular nature of elastic networks and in terms of the kinetic-statistical (zone) theory and the transitionstate theory. All treatments indicate the need for a considerable zone of activation for each unit diffusion process, confirming an earlier investigation. When, in the Arrhenius equation, D = D0e-ED/RT, one plots log10D0 against ED/T, the clear functional relationship: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\log _{10} {\rm }D_0 {\rm } = {\rm } - 3.6{\rm } + {\rm }0.14{\rm }{{E_D } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_D } T}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} T}$$\end{document} emerges. A simple interpretation of this and of similar functional relationships for other “activated” physical and chemical rate processes has been given.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030410
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and equilibrium phenomena in gas-elastomer systems. II. Equilibrium phenomena (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 564-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The solubility of nitrogen, ethylene, and the n-paraffins from methane to pentane has been measured in a series of natural rubber vulcanizates in relation to chain length of paraffin, temperature, and degree of cross linking of vulcanizates which contained between 1.7 to 21.9% combined sulfur.For smaller, less soluble paraffins the degree of vulcanization had little influence upon the solubility but for higher molecular paraffins such as pentane this influence became significant. A qualitative interpretation of the effects observed was given. The solubility data are in all cases represented by a statistical theory of one of the authors for a mean frequency of vibration of the solute in the medium corresponding to the infrared (0.5 to 1.0 × 1012 sec.-1). The solubility constants, σ, and critical temperature, Tc, are also empirically related by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\log _{10} {\rm }\sigma {\rm } = {\rm }a{\rm } + {\rm }bT_c {\rm }\left( {a{\rm and }b{\rm are constants}} \right)$$\end{document} Heats and standard free energies of solution for the earlier homologous paraffins show steady trends as the chain length increases. The heats are exothermal and are adequately interpreted as the sum of the heats of liquefaction together with a small heat-of-mixing term for liquid and rubber which was usually close to that given by Hildebrand's cohesive energy density equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$q{\rm } = \;\left[ {\left( {{{E_1 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_1 } {V_1 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {V_1 }}} \right)^{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}} {\rm } - {\rm }\left( {{{E_2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{E_2 } {^2 V_2 }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {^2 V_2 }}} \right)^{{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}}\right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$2$}}} } \right]^2 V_1 v_2^2$$\end{document} As anticipated from statistical theory, entropies were usually several entropy units more negative than those for solutions of gases in monomeric solvents.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030411
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of molecular weight distributions (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 606-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030416
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of polymerizable ring compounds in constant volume polymerizationsContribution from The Plastics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 604-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030415
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration dependence of sedimentation constant for nitrocellulose (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An empirical method of correcting the sedimentation constant of high polymers for its concentration dependence is proposed. It should be possible to determine the sedimentation constant at infinite dilution with reasonable accuracy from experiments at concentrations where reliable measurements can be made.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030502
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denaturation of plant proteins. I (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 635-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By denaturation of potato albumin by pyridine or by heat the viscosity increases; simultaneously the capability of the denatured protein t o reduce iodine increases, which, according to Anson, is due to the liberation of SH groups. A similar increase of viscosity was observed by the conversion of legumin into a water-soluble modification, and further by heating the solution of this protein; the volume of iodine required for oxidation of the denatured protein is greater than that of the native legumin. This denatured protein can be reconverted into its native state, whereupon the reducing capacity again decreases. Several fractions of green pen and horse bean legumin were denatured by urea and it was found that the viscosity and the reducing capacity thereby increase. In the case of legumelin the viscosity is low but the reducing power high; this indicates that legumelin is a degradation product having globular molecules.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030503
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer constitution and fiber propertiesSome of the unpublished work mentioned in this article is the subject of patent applications due for publication shortly. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 609-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The chemical structure of a large number of linear condensation polymers is correlated with their ability to assume a polycrystalline form possessing the right degree of thermal stability, and with the possession of fiber-forming properties. Certain structures lead to the absence of crystallinity and of fiber-forming properties, while, under certain conditions, a low degree of crystallinity or its complete absence leads to polymers possessing rubberlike properties, which may form highly elastic threads. Some properties of fibers such as solubility, sensitivity to mositure, and certain dyeing characteristics, can be correlated to some extent with chemical structure. These effects are considered on the basis of the introduction of various polar links and ring structures, according to regular patterns, into the polymethylene chain (polythee). The ehter (R—O—) and ester (—CO·O—) links lower the crystallite melting point to such an extent that some polymers containing them are completely noncrystalline at normal room temperatures. Urethan (—O·CO—NH—), amide (—CO·NH—) and urea (—NH·CO·NH—) links raise the crystallite melting point to an extent which increases in the order named. Most other polar links raise the melting point. The introduction into the aliphatic chain of ring structures, particularly aromatic rings directly attached to polar groups, raises the crystallite melting point, but in this case symmetry exerts an over-ruling effect. A low degree of symmetry may lower the melting point and even eliminate crystallinity entirely to the detriment of fiber-forming properties. Inert side chains lower the melting point considerably, and in some cases render the polymer completely noncrystalline at normal room temperatures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030501
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of high polymers to cellulose. Influence of structure, polarity, and tack temperature (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 652-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It has been demonstrated that the adhesion of high polymers to cellulose is a function of tack temperatures and dielectric constants, ∊, of the polymers and of dipole moments, μ, of polar groups. A plot of tack temperature versus mirror image force, μ1μ2/,of copolymers gives an area of adhesion bounded by a tack temperature of 100% and mirror image forces of 0.7 and 1.3 and opening toward lower tack temperatures. Outside of the area polymers do not adhere well to cellulose. By coating polymers on cellulose pretreated with Werner chromium complexes of acids bearing polar groups, it has been found that adhesion is a specific function of the polar groups within the polymer and on the modilied cellulose. Adhesion is strongest with approximately equal dipole moment substituents on the modified cellulose and in the copolymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030507
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. VII. Die beschleunigung der indenpolymerisation durch die oxypolymeren des indens (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 642-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Polymeric oxidation products of indole act like typical peroxides in polymerization reactions. Due to their relatively high stability the increases of the reaction is small, while fragments of the degraded peroxide enter the polymer molecule.
    Notes: Polymere Oxydationsprodukte des Indens verhalten sich in Bezug auf Polymerisationsreaktionen wie typische Peroxyde. Ihre verhältnismässig hohe Stabilität bedingt eine relative geringe Reaktionsbeschleunigung, wobei Bruchstücke des zerfallenden Peroxyds in die polymere Molekel eintreten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030504
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. VIII. Bemerkung zur polymerisationsbeschleunigung durch sauerstoff (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 646-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030505
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refractometric determination of second-order transition temperatures in polymers. III. Acrylates and methacrylatesSupport of this work by a contract with the Office of Naval Research, U. S. Navy Department, is gratefully acknowledged by the authors and the University. Contribution from the Venable Chemical Laboratory of the University of North Carolina. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 647-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A refractometric technique for determination of second-order transition temperatures (Tm) of polymers has been extended to include a series of alkyl acrylate and methacrylate polymers with transitions at temperatures down to -50°C. A convenient technique for determining refractive index down to -75°C. is described. Certain long-chain alkyl polymers are birefringent below Tm. Correlations of brittle point with Tm and relations between viscosity and Tm are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030506
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chemistry of acetylene and related compounds. Ernst David Bergmann. Interscience, New York, 1948. 108 pp. Price $3.00 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 795-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030524
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    Nucleic acids and nucleoproteins. (cold spring harbor symposia on quantitative biology, volume XII). M. Demerec, editor. Long Island Biological Association, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, 1947. xii + 279 pp. Price $7.00 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 798-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030528
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  • 23
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    Cross linking of nitrocellulose studied with the ultracentrifuge and consistometer (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 804-811 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments with cross linking of nitrocellulose in butyl acetate solution by means of titanium tetrachloride are described. The gels have been examined by means of sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge and measurements with a consistometer. The yield value of the flow curves and the extent of cross linking were studied as functions of nitrocellulose concentration, amount of cross-linking substance, and time of reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030602
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  • 24
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    X-ray diffraction patterns of stretched low-temperature polybutadiene using molybdenum, copper, and chromium radiationsReport No. 700-48R, Research Department, Phillips Petroleum Company. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 801-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction patterns of stretched crystallized polybutadiene polymerized at -20°C were obtained using molybdenum, copper, and chromium characteristic x-radiations on the same sample. The pattern obtained using molybdenum radiation showed diffraction effects in the 0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th orders. The lack of detail in this pattern is partly due to the relatively intense background. By using the longer wavelength copper and chromium radiations the diffraction effects of the zero- and first-order layer lines were brought out in considerable detail. The diffraction data obtainable from these layer line patterns may be useful in carrying out a structural analysis of crystalline polybutadiene.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030601
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  • 25
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    Relation of intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions to degree of polymerization and temperatureTranslated from the French. The author regrets not having given sufficiently complete references in his previous publications - especially to the work of Kuhn. This is due to the fact that our work was begun during the war and occupation, a period in which it was very difficult to prepare a complete bibliography. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 812-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The fundamental basis of our work is the application of statistics involving both the energy of interaction between solute and solvent molecules and the effect of steric hindrances: the statistics of freely rotating chains (sometimes called the statistics of Kuhn) are a special limiting case. Using this we can show that in the law [η] = KNα the coefficient is a function of N having a value close to 2 for small values of N, and approaching on first approximation a value of 0.5 when N increases infinitely. This statistical method has the advantage of permitting an approach to the important problem of the variation of the intrinsic viscosity as a function of the temperature T. The behavior of intrinsic viscosity with degree of polymerization and temperature as predicted by the theory check with experiment, and, in the case of the hemipolystyrenes, it has been possible to obtain very satisfactory quantitative verification. In view of numerous experiments which show that, at a given temperature, the limiting value of α for very large N is greater than 0.5, we have altered the theory of the equivalent particle accordingly. As a basis for the change the concept of porosity is examined with several other concepts, and it is shown that it is likely to apply only with reservations when the molecular structure of the solvent is taken into account.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030603
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  • 26
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    Thermal degradation of polystyrene. Part I (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 850-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The decrease of the limiting viscosities of unfractionated and fractionated polystyrene with time has been studied over a range of temperatures from 248 to 340°C. in vacuo. Distribution curves of several degraded samples have been determined. It has been established that the theory of random breaking of links is not applicable in the case of polystyrene. Three major deviations from the random theory have been found. The experimental results have been evaluated employing the weak link theory. The mechanisms proposed account satisfactorily for the deviations from the random theory, and give a fair representation of the experimental results, only the experimental distribution curves still showing deviations from those predicted by theory. The elementary steps for the degradation in vacuo have been discussed and the role of oxygen during polymerization has been indicated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030606
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  • 27
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    A note on the “alternating effect” in copolymerization (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 895-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030610
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  • 28
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    The chemistry of high polymers. C. E. H. Bawn. Butterworth, London, 1948. American agent: Interscience, New York, 1948. 248 pp. Price $4.50 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 900-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030613
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  • 29
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    Preparation and properties of rubberlike high polymers. V. Influence of nitrile groups on the properties of copolymersCommunication No. 71 from the Rubber Foundation. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 32-38 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Physical and mechanical properties of copolymers from dienes and acrylic nitrile have been studied. The gradual increase of density is an indication of the strong intermolecular forces exerted by nitrile groups. The mutual interaction of nitrile groups and methyl groups leads to a reduction of the mobility of flow units. This can be deduced from a relative comparison of hardness, elastic recovery, stress-strain properties, and brittle point of the three polymer-homologous series.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030105
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  • 30
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    A suggested new method of determining molecular weight distribution (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030115
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  • 31
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    Die makromolekulare chemie, volume 1, No. 1-2 (September, 1947). H. Staudinger, editor, Freiburg im Breisgau. Price, $7.50 per volume - 3 issues (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 143-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030116
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  • 32
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    Resines vinyliques. Henrt Gibello. Preface by J. Duclaux. Dunod, Paris, 1947. 314 pp. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 143-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030117
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  • 33
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    Initial rate of polymerization of styreneThis paper contains some of the experimental work done by K. E. Lauberbach in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the School of Arts and Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 145-156 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The initial rate of polymerization of highly purified styrene in bulk has been measured dilatometrically at 38.4, 56.4 and 70.1°C. For conversions up to one per cent a well-reproducible rate was observed for samples handled in complete absence of atmospheric gases. For samples saturated with air an equally reproducible, though higher rate, was observed initially. The duration of this higher rate decreases with increasing length of storage between saturation and measurement. After polymerization at higher rate, the sample continues to polymerize at the rate observed for the air-free samples.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030201
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  • 34
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    Photochemistry of proteins. IV. Action of ultraviolet light on crystalline chymotrypsin (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Crystalline chymotrypsin has been inactivated by ultraviolet light (2537 Å.) with a quantum yield of 0.0032 based upon loss of ability to act upon casein as a substrate. The possible significance of this datum in terms of the duo-specificity of chymotrypsin, the integrity of the molecule as a whole and the quantum efficiency of cleavage of —CONH— linkages is discussed. The ultraviolet light absorption spectrum of the pure enzyme has been determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030208
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    Plasticizers for rubbers and resinsBased upon papers presented under the same title at the One-Day Technical Conference, Chicago Section, American Chemical Society, January 24, 1947, and the Polymer Symposium, Columbus Section, American Chemical Society, May 3, 1947. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 231-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of plasticizer action has been discussed for linear, slightly and highly crosslinked polymers. The important factors considered are the flexibility of the polymer chain, the polar interaction of groups along the chain, the masking of these interactions by plasticizer molecules, and the importance of the relative shape of polymer unit and plasticizer in the effectiveness of separating the chains. For nonpolar polymers, without secondary valence cross links, the plasticization is largely an entropy effect since no secondary valence bonds are broken or formed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030210
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  • 36
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    Polyelectrolytes. II. Poly-4-vinylpyridonium chloride and poly-4-vinyl-N-n-butylpyridonium bromideSome of the apparatus and materials used in this work were made available by a contract with the Office of Naval Research. Grateful acknowledgment is made by the authors. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 246-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Poly-4-vinylpyridine was precipitated from a toluene solution of the monomer after addition of benzoyl Peroxide. The sample used in these experiments had a molecular weight of 77,000, (DP 730) as determined by osmotic pressure in alcohol solution, and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.36 in this solvent. The hydrochloride is water soluble and behaves like the salt of an extremely weak base with an over-all average base dissociation constant of 0.011 × 10-9, about one thousandth that of 4-ethylpyridine. The decrease in apparent base strength is ascribed to the chain structure which produces high local concentrations of pyridine groups, independent of the total concentration. By addition of butyl bromide to the polymer in nitromethane, a long chain quaternary ammonium salt is formed which is also water soluble. Its conductance is not sensitive to concentration down to about 0.003 N, after which the conductance rises sharply with further dilution. Dissociation, calculated by the classical Arrhenius method, indicates that a minimum of about 20% of the bromide ions are free, the remainder being associated by Coulomb attraction to the chainlike positive ion. As the dielectric constant of the solvent is decreased by addition of ethanol, the relative amount of free bromide ions decreases. The viscosity of the polyelectrolyte in aqueous or alcoholic solution, when plotted in the conventional way (ηsp/c versus c), approaches infinity at zero concentration instead of approaching a limiting constant linearly. A plot of $ {{\eta _{sp} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\eta _{sp} } {\sqrt c }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt c }} $ versus $ \sqrt c $ is, however, linear; this behavior is characteristic of strong electrolytes. The coefficient of the square root term in concentration for the polymer is larger, by orders of magnitude, than that for ordinary electrolytes. The coefficient of the linear term in the square root function is about equal to the intrinsic viscosity of the parent polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030211
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    Synthetic resin chemistry for students. S. R. W. Martin. Chapman & Hall, London, 1942. 160 pp. Price 15s. net (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 302-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030216
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  • 38
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    Note on volume effect in coiling molecules (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 227-230 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An estimate of the magnitude of the interference effect in a coil-like molecule is made by calculating the nearest neighbor density w around a given link as a function of the total number of contributing chain units. It is shown, for instance, that in a chain consisting of several hundred units, the first fifteen contribute about 75 % of the total nearest neighbor density at distances below the length of a link. The plots presented indicate that after about the first twenty links, the rate of increase of nearest neighbor density begins to flatten off. It is also possible to derive the modification of the distribution function of chain ends in real chains for a given form of w.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030209
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  • 39
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    Experimental study of copolymerization. III. Copolymerization behavior of polychloroethylenes (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 297-301 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Experimental results are reported for the copolymerization of cis- and trans-dichloroethylenes and trichloroethylene with vinyl acetate and styrene. Unsymmetrical as well as symmetrical 1,2 polysubstituted ethylenes exhibit extremely small rate constants for self-propagation, but are easily attacked by vinyl-type radicals such as that formed by vinyl acetate. The attack of such monomers by vinyl “growing chain” radicals is retarded by substitution on the attacked carbon atom, but is favored by substitution on the other carbon atom of the double bond.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030214
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  • 40
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    The water-soluble gums. C. L. Mantell. Reinhold, New York, 1947. 279 pp. Price $6.00 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 302-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030215
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  • 41
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    Polymer news (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 304-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030219
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  • 42
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    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. II. Die verteilungsfunktion der thermischen polymeren des indens (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 327-335 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A sample of polyindene has been fractionated by precipitation from benzene by butyl alcohol or from ether by methanol into fractions varying from 200 to 1200 in molecular weight. These data have been used to estimate the distribution function for polymer of this low molecular weight range.
    Notes: Polyindenpräparate werden durch Ausfällung mit Butylalkohol aus Benzol oder mit Methylalkohol aus Äther in Fraktionen von Molekulargewichten von 200-1200 zerlegt. Diese Werte werden benutzt um die Verteilungsfunktion dieser Polymeren mit extrem niedrigen Molekulargewichten zu berechnen.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030304
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  • 43
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    Surface tension of polyoxyethylene glycol solutions (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 345-349 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The surface tension of polyoxyethylene glycol in water leads to a value for the area per molecule which shows that the polymer molecules lie approximately flat in the surface. Molecular weight determinations by end-group analysis and freezing-point depression are compared with values of the intrinsic viscosity and limiting area per molecule.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030306
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  • 44
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    Nitrostyrenes. I. Polymerization of m-nitrostyreneContribution from the Venable Chemical Laboratory of the University of North Carolina. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 444-447 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: m-Nitrostyrene, prepared from m-nitrocinnamic acid in 60% yields, has been converted to polymers of low molecular weight in bulk and in solution with benzoyl peroxide, boron fluoride, and aluminum chloride initiators, and in aqueous emulsion with persulfate initiator.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030319
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  • 45
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    Inhibiting effects of certain phenols on GR-S polymerizationThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 448-454 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The inhibiting action of several phenols on the GR-S 10 (rosin soap) recipe for synthetic 2,5-Di-t-butylhydroquinone is shown to be a particularly powerful inhibitor rubber is reportor in this recipe.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030320
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  • 46
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    Viruses. M. A. Lauffer. From the Twentieth Annual Priestley Lectures. Pennsylvania State College, State College (Pa.), 1946. Lithoprinted by Edwards Bros. 62 pp., 42 figs. Price $2.00 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 464-464 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030324
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  • 47
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    Influence of structure on polymer-liquid interaction. III. Swelling and mechanical properties of some partly crystallized polymersCommunication No. 81 from the Rubber Foundation. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 776-785 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Swelling and rate of crystallization from solution and gels of raw and vulcanized guttapercha have been studied. Sulfur vulcanization of gutta-percha causes a reduction in the amount of crystalline phase that becomes evident from typical changes in mechanical and swelling properties. Liquid-polymer interaction of the crystalline phase in gutta-percha, raw rubber, and “racked” rubber lead to different equilibria, which are probably due to differences in the free energy contents of the crystalline phases. A series of vulcanized rubber hydrochlorides with gradually increasing chlorine content show analogous changes in rate of elastic recovery and swelling equilibria that are also due to the gradual formation of a crystalline phase. Correlations between molecular structure and rate of crystallization in plastics and elastomers are discussed. Symmetry of the shape, as well as of inter molecular forces in the molecular units, size of substituents, and regularity of the polymer chain all have an essential influence on the rate and ease of crystallization.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030518
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  • 48
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    Sorption of water vapor by proteins and polymers. III (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 792-794 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030521
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    Fractionation of polycyclohexyl methacrylate (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 790-791 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030520
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  • 50
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    Rubber to metal bonding. S. Buchan. Crosby Lockwood & Son, London, 1948. 239 pp. Price $4.20 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 794-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030522
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  • 51
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    Modern, colloids. Robert B. Dean. Van Nostrand, New York, 1948. 320 pp. Price $3.15 (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 794-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030523
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  • 52
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    Magnetic rotatory power of liquid polymers (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Verdet constants of nine polyethylene glycols, three polypropylene glycols, and nine silicone polymers have been measured at 25°C. It was found that the Verdet constant increases with increase in molecular weight in each of the series, and approaches a constant value. A similar increase in the molecular magnetic rotation was noted. The results are in contrast with those on polystyrene, and the effect of end groups on the measurements is discussed in explanation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030508
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  • 53
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    La vitesse de propagation des ultra-sons dans les macromolecules (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 829-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: It is shown that the ratio of the ultrasonic velocity to the density of various polymers (u/p) is related to the form of the molecules. In particular, it is shown that: (1) in compounds with a rigid, straight paraffin chain, u/p increases with increasing molecular weight from 1.69 at 20° for low-molecular hydrocarbons to 1.92 for high-molecular polythenes; (2) in cross-linked compounds with ethyl and methyl groups, u/p is practically a constant for all compounds up to a molecular weight of 15,000; (3) in compounds containing large radicals in the side chain (as phenyl or hydroxyisobutyl), u/p is much smaller for high polymers than for low-molecular compounds; (4) in general, the compressibility is higher for polymers with frequent and large cross linkages than for compounds with little or no cross linking.
    Notes: Il est montré que le rapport entre la vitesse de propagation des ultra-sons et la densité (u/p) des polymères est fonction de la forme des molécules. En particulier on trouve: (1) dans les composés à chaîne rigide paraffinique non ramifiée, ce rapport à la température de 20° s'accroît sensiblement avec le poids moléculaire de 1.67 pour les hydrocarbures du poids moléculaire bas à 1.92 pour le polythène à poids moléculaire élevé; (2) dans les composés ramifiés ayant des groupes méthyliques ou éthyliques, ce rapport est pratiquement constant pour tous les composés examinés jusqu'au poids moléculaire 15.000; (3) dans les composés linéaires contenants des groupes latéraux de dimensions plus grandes (p.e., phényliques ou oxybutyliques), ce rapport est plus petit pour les hauts polymères que pour les composés à poids moléculaire bas; (4) en général la compressibilité est plus élevé pour les polymères avec des ramifications fréquentes et longues que pour les polymères peu ou pas du tout ramifiés.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030604
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  • 54
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    Factors influencing the activation energies of reactions involving double bonds and radicals (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 866-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By using the methods which have been developed to describe the activation energy of chemical reactions in terms of bond energies and the repulsing energies between reacting centers, the factors influencing the activation energies of reactions between radicals and monomers are discussed. Calculations are reported on a number of simple prototype reactions involving radicals and atoms and ethylenic bonds. It is found that the heat of reactions is a most important factor in determining the activation energies of such reactions and this result is extended to a wide variety of substituted radicals and monomers. The variation in the heat of reaction is expressed in terms of the resonance energies of the reacting radicals and molecules. Another important factor is the energy of repulsion between the reacting centers, and this energy is affected by (a) the charge distribution on the reacting centers and (b) the steric effect of substituent groups. The effect of substituents on the charge distribution is discussed in terms of the molecular orbital method, an attempt being made to distinguish between the influence on the π electrons of the inductive and mesomeric effect of substituents.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030607
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  • 55
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    Occurrence of head-to-head arrangements of structural units in polyvinyl alcoholPresented at the High Polymer Forum, 112th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September, 1947. Contribution No. 155 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. Research Laboratory. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 880-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polyvinyl alcohol prepared by hydrolyzing polymerized vinyl acetate is partially degraded within a few minutes by reagents known to attack 1,2-glycol structures. The degree of degradation is limited, however, the final molecular weights of the degraded products being in the range of 3700 to 6500 (viscosity averages). The extent of degradation seems to depend solely on the temperature at which the vinyl acetate was polymerized. Mole percentages (based on the structural unit —CH2—CHOH—) of 1,2-glycol structures, corresponding to head-to-head unit arrangements, have been computed from the degree of degradation with periodic acid. They increase from about 1.23% for polymerization at 25°C. to 1.95% at 110°C. The occurrence of head-to-head structures is attributed to occasional “abnormal” addition of monomer in the chain-growth phase of the polymerization. The activation energy for the abnormal addition reaction is 1250 calories higher than for the normal (preferred) addition; the steric factor for the abnormal addition is about one-tenth that for the normal addition.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030608
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  • 56
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    Copolymerization. VI. Mechanism of emulsion polymerization (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 891-894 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Additional data relating to the mechanism of the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile are presented. These results show the influence of varying the emulsifier and of varying the water-monomer ratio upon the relationship between monomer composition and the composition of the initial copolymer molecules formed. The composition of the initial copolymer produced in emulsion is the same as that which would be predicted if polymerization occurred in the oil droplet.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030609
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  • 57
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    Concentration dependence of the viscosity of sodium pectinate in solutions NaCl (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 897-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030611
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  • 58
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    Isolation and purification of polyvinyl acetate (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 899-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030612
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  • 59
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    Über den einfluß des molekularen sauerstoffes auf die polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1948), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molekularer Sauerstoff spielt bei der Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen eine eigenartige Doppelrolle. Er bildet mit diesen ungesättigten Verbindungen Peroxyde, die wie andere Peroxyde polymerisationsbeschleunigend wirken. Er lagert sich aber auch an radikalartige Polymerisationskeime oder an wachsende Ketten an und wirkt dadurch polymerisationshemmend. Die Autoxydation der ungesättigten Verbindungen und die Hemmungsreaktion konkurrieren miteinander und bestimmen das Reaktionsgeschehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020010302
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    Die katalyse der polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen mit hilfe von redoxsystemen1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1948), S. 209-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen mit Hilfe von Peroxyden wird durch Zusatz von Reduktionsmitteln, die die Polymerisation nicht hemmen, beschleunigt. Polymerisationen werden durch Redoxreaktionen ausgelöst. Es werden einige wirksame Redoxsysteme für die Polymerisation in Emulsion, in Substanz und in Lösung behandelt. Zur Deutung der Redoxbeschleunigung wird die Bildung freier Radikale bei der Redoxreaktion angenommen. Diese Radikale sind die Reaktionskeime des Kettenwachstums.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020010303
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  • 61
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    Über den primärakt der mit hilfe von peroxyden ausgelösten polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1948), S. 229-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Der Primärakt der peroxydischen Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen besteht wahrscheinlich in der Bildung freier Radikale, die bei der Umsetzung des Peroxydes mit der ungesättigten Verbindung oder einem anderen H-Donator entstehen. Diese Anschauung steht in übereinstimmung mit derjenigen über die Polymerisation mit Hilfe von Redoxsystemen; sie kann ferner den Einbau der Peroxyde in die Polymerisatketten erklären. Es werden die Hypothese der Bildung „aktiven“ Sauerstoffes, der Peroxydzerfall nach Gelissen, Böeseken und Hermans, Wieland, Hey und Waters, ferner die Anschauungen von Breitenbach über die peroxydische Polymerisation diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020010304
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  • 62
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    Zur polymerisation des methacrylsäuremethylesters1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1948), S. 169-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Polymerisation des Methacrylsäuremethylesters mit Benzoylperoxyd erfolgt nach einer Periode stationärer Geschwindigkeit, beginnend bei etwa 20 bis 25% Umsatz mit starker Beschleunigung (explosionsartiger Polymerisationsverlauf nach G. V. Schulz und Blaschke). Ursache für diese Erscheinungen ist das im Monomeren gelöste Polymerisat, das die Diffusion der wachsenden Molekülketten hemmt und dadurch den Abbruch der Kettenreaktion durch gegenseitige Absättigung zweiér wachsender Molekülketten verhindert, während die Diffusion des Monomeren nicht gestört wird. Infolgedessen nimmt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und gleichzeitig der Polymerisationsgrad der entstehenden Makromoleküle zu. Hemmung der Diffusion und damit beschleunigte Polymerisation wird auch durch andere im Monomeren gelöste, hochmolekulare Substanzen oder durch Festlegung der Lage der wachsenden Makromoleküle durch Vernetzung mit Verbindungen mit zwei polymerisationsfähigen Doppelbindungen erreicht. Nach diesem Schema laufen Block-und Perlpolymerisation ab.Bei der Polymerisation im guten Lösungsmittel für das Polymerisat wird die Diffusion für die wachsenden Molekülketten durch die Anwesenheit des Lösungsmittels aufrechterhalten, es erfolgt keine explosionsartige Polymerisation. In schlechten Lösungsmitteln bzw. Fällungsmitteln für das Polymerisat wird die Diffusion besonders stark behindert, da schon die wachsenden Molekülketten ausflocken. Infolgedessen ist die Explosion heftiger und der Polymerisationsgrad höher als bei Polymerisation des unverdünnten Monomeren. Während Block- und Perlpolymerisate, die in zwei unterscheidbaren Phasen, also mit explosionsartigem Verlauf, entstanden sind, zwei Maxima der Massenverteilung zeigen, wird bei vor der Explosion abgetrenntem Polymerisat und bei Lösungspolymerisaten in guten Lösungsmitteln nur ein Maximum gefunden.Die Emulsionspolymerisation erfolgt in zwei Phasen, zuerst über die wässrige Lösung, wobei rasche Polymerisation erfolgt, weil Wasser ein Fällungsmittel für das Polymerisat ist, dann auch in den in Wasser suspendierten Polymerisatteilchen, in denen sich Monomeres löst. Diese beiden Phasen und die Unterschiede zur Perlpolymerisation lassen sich durch Versuche mit verschiedenen wasser - bzw. organisch löslichen Stabilisatoren und Beschleunigern nachweisen. Wesentlich ist der Einfluß des Rührens bei der Emulsionspolymerisation, veranlaßt durch Sauerstoffhemmung.Der gefundene Reaktionsmechanismus hat auch für andere Polymerisationen mehr oder weniger Bedeutung, eine Verallgemeinerung ist jedoch unmöglich.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020010301
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    Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen an polystyrolen mit hilfe der geschwindigkeits-ultrazentrifuge und des osmotischen drucks1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 5-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Durch Vergleich osmotischer Messungen mit Bestimmungen der Sedimentationskonstante in der Ultrazentrifuge s und der Diffusionskonstante D wird versucht, die Molekulargewichtsbestimmung mit der Ultrazentrifuge so zu leiten, daß man bei polymolekularen Stoffen mit möglichst guter Näherung das mittlere Molekulargewicht (Zahlendurchschnitt) erhält. Es werden die Methoden diskutiert, in welcher Weise die Durchschnittswertbildung für s und D zweckmäßig ausgeführt wird, und wie aus den bei endlichen Konzentrationen erhaltenen s- und D-Werten deren Grenzwert für die Konzentration 0 erhalten wird. Verwendet man für s den Wert des Massenmaximums und berechnet D nach der Halbwertsbreitenmethode, so bekommt man Molekulargewichte, welche bei nicht zu uneinheitlichen Polystyrolen nahe am osmotisch bestimmten wahren Mittelwert liegen.Die so bestimmten Molekulargewichte werden mit den nach der Staudingerschen Methode erhaltenen verglichen. Ferner wird die Abhängigkeit des Fikentscherschen k-Wertes vom Polymerisationsgrad untersucht. Annähernde Molekulargewichte lassen sich für Polystyrole nach beiden viskosimetrischen Methoden ermitteln, da die Staudingersche Viskositätszahl dem Molekulargewicht und der Fikentschersche k-Wert der Wurzel aus dem Molekulargewicht annähernd proportional sind. Die bei Polystyrolen auftretenden Ungenauigkeiten sind teils durch die Verzweigung, teils durch die wechselnde Polymolekularität der verschiedenen Präparate bedingt.Es wird versucht, aus den gemessenen Reibungsgrößen Aufschluß über die physikalische Gestalt der Moleküle zu erhalten. Für die Abhängigkeit der Diffusionskonstante, der Sedimentationskonstante und der Viskositätszahl vom Molekulargewicht ergeben sich in Methyl-Isopropylketon als Lösungsmittel dieGesetzmäßigkeiten, welche W. Kuhn für undurchspülte Knäuel voraussagt. In Toluol geßen die Gesetzmäßigkeiten durchspülter Knäuel. Dem Versuch, aus diesen Daten den Knäuelungsgrad bzw. das Volumen der Knäuel zu berechnen, stehen noch große Schwierigkeiten entgegen. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß zur Ermittelung der Gestalt der Moleküle noch andere makroskopische Eigenschaften herangezogen werden müssen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020101
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    Die metallredoxkatalyse der polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 1 (1948), S. 249-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen in Substanz, Lösung und Emulsion mit Hilfe von Oxydationsmitteln (Peroxyden) und Reduktionsmitteln (Redoxsystemen) wird durch Zusatz von kationischem 2- oder 3-wertigem Eisen stark beschleunigt. Die Erklärung wird in einer übertragungskatalyse der Redoxreaktion durch das reversible Fe-Fe-Redoxsystem gesehen, wobei Fe monovalent oxydiert wird und Peracylradikale gebildet werden; Fe wird durch das Reduktionsmittel reduziert. Die Polymerisation in Substanz und in Lösung mit Hilfe von Redoxsystemen wird außer durch Eisenverbindungen auch durch andere lösliche Metallverbindungen, insbesondere solchen der Schwermetalle, beschleunigt. Es können „Wirksamkeitsreihen“ aufgestellt werden. Die Deutung der Metallredoxkatalyse ist schwieriger als diejenige der Eisenredoxkatalyse, da die Annahme eines Wertigkeitswechsels der Metalle nicht in allen Fällen möglich ist.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020010305
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    Das scheiben- und das lamellenstadium der kollagenquerstreifungHerrn Professor Dr. R. Siebeck, Heidelberg zum 65. Geburstag gewidmet. (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 37-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Wie das Elektronenmikroskop zeigt, gliedert sich die 640 Å große Strukturperiode des Kollagens in einen schattendichten D-Teil und einen durchstrahlbaren H-Teil. Der D-Teil ist nicht gleichmäßig gebaut, sondern läßt stets eine Aufteilung erkennen, die nach Einwirkung von Schwermetallen deutlicher sichtbar wird. Im D-Teil findet man entweder zwei schattendichte δ-Scheiben und ein helles Zwischenstück oder vier schattendichte δ-Lamellen und drei helle Zwischenstücke. Das Scheibenstadium ist der Normalzustand. Das Lamellenstadium fand sich physiologischerweise in untrainierten Kollagenfibrillen jugendlicher Individuen und unter pathologischen Bedingungen bei der trockenen Gewebsnekrose und bei der Myxomviruserkrankung des Kaninchens. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen kann das Scheibenstadium künstlich in das Lamellenstadium übergeführt werden, indem sich bei geringer Schrumpfung der Kollagenfibrille die δ-Scheiben in je zwei δ-Lamellen spalten. Es wird die Vermutung ausgesprochen, daß im Bereich der δ-Scheiben andere Bindungsformen der Kollagenmoleküle vorliegen als im Bereich der übrigen Abschnitte der Strukturperiode. Das Lamellenstadium wird als Symptom der Strukturschwäche aufgefaßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020102
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    Die autox- und metallautox-katalyse der polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungenDie Arbeiten, über die hier berichtet wird, wurden in Laboratorien der ehemaligen I. G.-Farbenindustrie A. G., Werk Höchst, Leverkusen und Ludwigshafen ausgeführt und im Jahre 1944 abgeschlossen. Sie bilden den Gegenstand folgender Patentanmeldungen: H. Hopff (Lu) J 52 903; J. Monheim (Hö) J 68 944; H. Logemann und V. Garten (Le) J 75 683, J 76 484; W. Kern, F. Heim und A. Krieger (Hö) J 76 257, J 77 659; V. Garten, H. Logemann und H. Murke (Le) J 76 485. Der Anteil der einzelnen Arbeitskreise geht aus den Anmerkungen hervor. (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 48-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molekularer Sauerstoff kann unter geeigneten Bedingungen in Redox- und Metallredoxsystemen, welche die Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen auslösen, die Rolle des Oxydationsmittels übernehmen. Die Autoxydation des Reduktionsmittels löst also die Polymerisation aus (Autoxkatalyse). Durch Zusatz von kationischem 2- oder 3-wertigem Eisen tritt eine starke Beschleunigung der Polymerisation ein (Eisenautoxkatalyse). Zur Deutung wird angenommen, daß bei der Autoxydation der H-Donatoren Radikale entstehen, die polymerisationsauslösend wirken. In kleinen Konzentrationen wirkt molekularer Sauerstoff in Verbindung mit autoxydabeln Reduktionsmitteln stark polymerisationsbeschleunigend, in hohen Konzentrationen aber polymerisationshemmend, da er dann die wachsenden Ketten abbricht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020103
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    Elektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an muskelproteinen1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 66-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Es wird die Mikromorphologie der Proteine des kontraktilen Systems der Kaninchen-Muskelfibrillen untersucht. Das Sphärokolloid G-Actin und das Linearkolloid F-Actin sowie der Übergang des einen in das andere werden dargestellt, weiter die Aggregate des Myosins sowie der Habitus des Actomyosins. Endlich wird die Struktur der Filamente der frischen Muskelfibrille sowie die einer getrockneten gezeigt, aus der das Myosin extrahiert ist.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020105
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    Über die polymerisation ungesättigter verbindungen unter biologischen bedingungen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mit Hilfe von molekularem Sauerstoff oder Peroxyden und reduzierend wirkenden Zuckern (z. B. Dioxyaceton) in Verbindung mit kationischem, 2- oder 3-wertigem Eisen oder anderen Übertragungskatalysatoren können Polymerisationen in sehr kurzen Zeiten durchgeführt werden. Es wird die Möglichkeit der Polymerisation von Isopren zu Kautschuk unter biologischen Bedingungen in der Pflanze diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020104
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  • 69
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    Über den essigsäuregehalt des pektins der zuckerrübe (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Essigsäure wurde aus Rübenpektin isoliert und als Acetanilid nachgewiesen. Durch Verseifung von Pektin mit Alkali und Säuren bei verschiedenen Temperaturen wurde gezeigt, daß die Entstehung von Essigsäure  -  im Gegensatz zu der auch bei der Verseifung gebildeten Ameisensäure  -  nicht auf einen oxydativen Abbau zurückzuführen ist; wie kinetische Messungen der Verseifungsreaktion erwiesen, muß das Vorliegen einer Acetylgruppe angenommen werden. Die Frage, ob die Acetylgruppe der Galakturonsäure oder den Begleistoffen Araban-Galaktan des Pektins zugehört, wurde dahin entschieden, daß sowohl die Pektinmoleküle wie die Begleitstoffe Essigsäure enthalten, da der Essigsäuregehalt bei steigendem Galakturonsäuregehalt eines Präparates weder zu- noch abnimmt. Zur Bestimmung der Essigsäure in Pektin wurde eine einfache und rasch ausführbare Methode angegeben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020106
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  • 70
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    Über natürliche glykogene1(Direktor: Prof. Dr. F. Büchner) (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 88-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Glykogene verschiedener Herkunft zeichnen sich durch folgende konstitutionellen Eigentümlichkeiten aus:Das Muskelglykogen verschiedener Tierarten besitzt ein durchschnittliches Molekulargewicht von etwa 1,5 Millionen. Es ist einheitlich. Es enthält chemisch gebundene Phosphorsäure.Das Molekulargewicht des Leberglykogens verschiedener Tierarten ist um so größer, je glykogenreicher die Leber ist. Das Leberglykogen ist uneinheitlich. Die im Leberglykogen gefundenen Moleküle mit einem Molekulargewicht von etwa 23 Millionen sind die größten bisher bekannten chemisch definierten Moleküle. Das Leberglykogen enthält keine chemisch gebundene Phosphorsäure.Das Herzglykogen vom Meerschweinchen und von der Katze hat ein Molekulargewicht von etwa 2, beziehungsweise 1 Million. Es ist nicht einheitlich.Die spezifischen Drehungen aller untersuchten Glykogene stimmen innerhalb der Fehlergrenze der Messungen miteinander überein. Der bisher anerkannte Wert von 196,5° konnte bestätigt werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020107
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  • 71
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    Über die kohlehydratkomponente der nukleinsäuren einiger pflanzlicher virusproteine (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Mit der von Sörensen und Haugaard zuerst angewandten Methode der Orzin-Reaktion wurde die Identifizierung der Kohlehydrate im normalen Tabakmosaikvirusprotein. in dessen Strahlenmutationsstämmen TM21, TM44, Ra88 sowie TM96 und im Aucubamosaikvirusprotein mit der Ribose der Hefenukleinsäure durchgeführt. Es liegt in allen Fällen das gleiche Kohlehydrat vor. Dieses Resultat wird in der Diskussion in Einklang gebracht mit den Annahmen von Kausche und Stubbe über die Entstehung der Strahlenmutanten sowie mit der Auffassung Casperssons über die Rolle der Nukleinsäure bei der Eiweißvermehrung.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020201
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  • 72
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    Bausteinanalyse des clupeins und salmins (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 120-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Eine quantitative Aufteilung der Aminosäuren in gereinigtem Clupein und Salmine wurde mit Methoden der chromatographischen Adsorption erreicht. Es ergab sich ein molekulares Verhältnis von 10 Arginin : 2 Serin : 1 Valin : 1 Alanin : 1 Prolin für das Clupein und von 12 Arginin : 3 Serin : 1 Valin : 2 Prolin für das Salmin.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020202
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  • 73
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    Über den einbau peroxydischer katalysatoren in die makromoleküle von polymerisaten bei der polymerisation von methacrylsäuremethylester, vinylacetat und methacrylnitril (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 127-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Es werden die Reaktionsmöglichkeiten peroxydischer Katalysatoren bei der Polymerisation ungesättigter Verbindungen erörtert. Der Einbau kann prinzipiell beim Primärakt, bei der Wachstumsreaktion, beim Kettenabbruch oder bei einer Sekundärreaktion erfolgen. Beim Styrol erfolgt der Einbau von p-Brombenzoylperoxyd beim Primärakt. Die Bromatomzahl (Anzahl der eingebauten Bromatome pro Makromolekül) ist in geringem Umfange von der Peroxydkonzentration bei der Polymerisation abhängig. so daß man mit einer Nebenreaktion rechnen muß. Während Polystyrolmakromoleküle im Durchschnitt 4 Bromatome enthalten, ergeben sich bei der Polymerisation des Methacrylsäuremethylesters bei 50°C mit p-Brombenzoylperoxyd im Durchschnitt nur etwa 2 gekennzeichnete Endgruppen. Auch Vinylacetat zeigt bei der Polymerisation einen Einbau des peroxydischen Katalysators: doch ist die Bromatomzahl von der angewandten Peroxydkonzentration stark abhängig. Sie steigt mit wachsender Katalysatorkonzentration an; dieser Anstieg wird durch eine Sekundärreaktion oder eine Übertragungsreaktion verursacht.Der Einbau von p-Brombenzoylperoxyd konnte auch bei Polymethacrylnitril wahrscheinlich gemacht werden. m-Nitrobenzoylperoxyd ist als gekennzeichneter Katalysator für die Polymerisation des Vinylchlorids ungeeignet, da die Nitrogruppe die katalytische Wirkung des Peroxydes aufhebt.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020203
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    Über die titrimetrische bestimmung der carboxylendgruppe bei polyaminocapronsäuren329. Mitteilung1 über makromolekulare Verbindungen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 172-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Zur chemischen Molekulargewichtsbestimmung an Polyaminocapronsäuren ergab sich die Aufgabe, den Carboxylgehalt dieser hochmolekularen ω Aminocarbosäuren durch Titration mit großer Genauigkeit zu bestimmen. Diese Ziel wur nach Auffinden eines geeigneten Indikators durch Anwendung der photometrisch Titration erreicht. Das Verfahren erscheint geeignet, ganz allgemein die Titratioschwacher Säuren in Alkohol-Wassergemischen mit größerer Genauigkeit za ermöglichen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020205
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    Elektronenoptische untersuchungen über den feinbau von gelen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 143-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1. Vanadinpentoxyd-GelAn Hand der elektronenoptischen Aufnahmen können wir uns ein anschauliches Bild vom Aufbau retikular disperser Kolloide machen. Es zeigt sich, daß die Gele durch ein zusammenhängendes Micellargerüst charakterisiert sind, dessen Maschen offen miteinander kommunizieren. Die Verzweigungen und Verschmelzungen auseinanderweichender und zusammenlaufender Stränge sind deutlich sichtbar.2. SchleimIm Epidermisschleim der Quittensamen werden feine Stränge von ca. 100 Ä Dicke nachgewiesen. Aus Analogie zu andern Samenschleimen, die Cellulosefäden von mikroskopischen Dimensionen enthalten (z. B. Cobaea scandens) darf geschlossen werden, daß diese Stränge die chemisch nachgewiesene Cellulose des Quittenschleims vorstellen.3. BakteriencelluloseMit Hilfe Cellulose aufbauender Bakterien konnte gezeigt werden, daß frisch gebildete Cellulose nicht sogleich in kristallisierter Form auftritt. Bei B. xylinoides erscheint sie zuerst in Form eines im El.-Mikr. strukturlosen Häutchens auf der Oberfläche der Kulturflüssigkeit. Dieser Film ist jedoch nicht stabil, sondern beginnt in dünnste Fäden auszukristallisieren.4. CellulosefasernEs wird über eine neue, von Heuberger (Eidg. Materialprüfungsanstalt St. Gallen) entwickelte Methodik zur schonenden Zerfaserung von Cellulosefasern mittels Ultraschallwellen berichtet. Die longitudinalen Schwingungen, die durch einen geeigneten Schallgeber in einer Flüssigkeit erzeugt werden, spalten die Faser ohne irgendwelche Querbrüche in allerfeinste Stränge bis 60 Å Dicke auf, die mit den Micellarsträngen von Frey-Wyßling identifiziert werden.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020204
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    Changes of viscosity associated with denaturation of some spheroproteins (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 201-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020208
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    Die bestimmung des molekulargewichts und der räumlichen ausdehnung von fadenmolekülen nach der streulichtmethode1. (vorläufige mitteilung) (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 187-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Streuintensität gelöster Teilchen, die nicht mehr vernachlässigbar klein gegen die Wellenlänge sind, zeigt Abweichungen von der Rayleighschen Gleichung. Auf Grund von Gleichungen, die Neugebauer kürzlich aufgestellt hat, kann man aus der Abhängigkeit der Streuintensität von der Wellenlänge die räumliche Größe der Teilchen berechnen. Ferner gewinnt man aus solchen Messungen einen Korrekturfaktor für die Rayleighsche Gleichung, so daß auch das Molekulargewicht der Teilchen berechnet werden kann.An einer Fraktion von Polymethacrylsäureester wird die Streuintensität bei 3 Wellenlängen gemessen. Hieraus ergibt sich ein Molekulargewicht von 1,7 · 106, welches mit dem viskosimetrisch (auf Grund osmometrischer Vergleichsmessungen) bestimmten Molekulargewicht annähernd übereinstimmt. Die Länge des ausgestreckten Moleküls wäre ca. 40 000 Å, während die Streulichtmessung 1 700 Å ergibt. Hieraus ist zu schließen. daß die Moleküle des Polymethacrylsäureesters ziemlich stark geknäuelt sind.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020207
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    Der einfluß der kettenübertragung auf die geschwindigkeit von polymerisationsreaktionen (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 176-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Reine Kettenübertragung hat nur dann einen meßbaren Einfluß auf die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, wenn der mittlere Polymerisationsgrad des gebildeten Polymeren klein ist (Größenordnung 10). Dies gilt auch dann, wenn die Bildung neuer Polymerisationskeime durch Radikale der übertragenden Substanz verhältnismäßig langsam erfolgt. Die starke Abnahme der Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit bei Vinylacetat mit zunehmender Verdünnung durch Benzol. Toluol und Chlorbenzol kann gedeutet werden durch eine Kettenübertragung, bei der gleichzeitig eine Vermehrung des Kettenabbruchs durch die aus dem Lösungsmittel gebildeten Radikale erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020206
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    Zusammensetzung des cellulose- und holzpolyosen-anteils verschiedener laub- und nadelhölzer1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Skelettsubstanzen von 15 Laub- und 5 Nadelhölzern wurden fraktionierl. Es ergaben sich folgende Gruppen von Fraktionen: niedermolekulare Anteile mit DP (Durchsehnittspolymerisationsgrad) bis 150, die 13% - 30% der Hölzer umfaßten. hochmolekulare Anteile mit DP über 1 000 in einer Menge von 40% - 55% des betreffenden Holzes und in einigen Fällen auch Zwischenfraktionen mit DP 150 - 1 000, die höchstens 14% der Holzsubstanz ausmachten. Wie Untersuchungen von Proben der gleichen Holzart aber verschiedener Herkunft zeigten, sind die gefundenen Unterschiede als Art-Merkmale des betreffenden Holzes anzusehen.Die niedermolekularen Fraktionen bestehen aus den Holzpolyosen, d. h. nieder-polymeren Xylanen, Mannanen und Polyglucuronsäuren. Doch enthalten sie auch Glucane, die als solche oder als Mischketten aus Glucose- und Glucuronsäure-gruppen vorliegen.Die Holzcellulosen (Fraktionen mit DP über 1 000) enthielten 1,5% - 3% Fremdgruppen in Form von Xylose- und Glucuronsäureresten. Der Einbau dieser Gruppen in die Cellulose-Moleküle ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, daß sie weder durch alkalische Behandlung noch durch Teilhydrolyse des Holzes - unter Bedingungen, die für die Hydrolyse der Holzpolyosen genügen - aus dem Cellulosemolekül herausgelöst werden können. Mannan-Anteile, die bei der Fraktionierung zunächst in den hochmolekularen Fraktionen der Nadelholzskelettsubstanzen verblieben, sind gegen Hydrolyse nicht beständig. Die Holzcellulose-Anteile sind nicht einheitlich sondern bestehen aus mehreren Fraktionen. Mit steigendem DP werden die Fremdgruppengehalte der Fraktionen geringer.Die Höhe des Cellulose-Anteils der Hölzer bestimmt die Ausbeute und ihr Fremdgruppengehalt die Reinheit der aus den Hölzern zu gewinnenden Zellstoffe.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020301
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    Über grundlagen und ergebnisse der statistischen theorie makromolekularer lösungenZur Theorie der Lösungen hochpolymerer Substanzen VI. (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 227-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Die Grundlagen der statistischen Theorie makromolekularer Lösungen werden entwickelt. Das Problem der athermischen Lösung wird mittels der Methode der virtuellen Moleküle behandelt und insbesondere der Störungseffekt eingehend erörtert. Die allgemeinen Formeln werden auf die Spezialfälle der Kugelmoleküle, der starren gestreckten und der beweglichen Fadenmoleküle angewandt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Die statistische Theorie der Solvatation wird in ihren Grundzügen skizziert, und es werden einige Ergebnisse besprochen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020302
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    Die potentiometrische titration eine neue methode zur bestimmung der molekülgröße von polyamidenVgl. Dissert. W. Broser, Techn. Univ. Berlin-Charlottenburg 1947. (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 248-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Es wird eine elektrochemische Methode  -  die potentiometrische Titration  -  zur Molekülgrößenbestimmung der Polyamide theoretisch begründet und experimentell ausgearbeitet. Das beschriebene Verfahren ist bis zum Polymerisationsgrad 50 anwendbar, jedoch dürfte durch Verfeinerung der Arbeitsweise diese Grenze bis an den Polymerisationsgrad 80 heraufgeschoben werden können. Neben der Molekülgröße läßt sich auch die Dissoziationskonstante der Amidgruppe ermitteln, deren Kenntnis für das Verständnis der Kolloidstruktur der Polyamide von Wichtigkeit ist.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020303
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    Die bestimmung der polydispersität von nitrozellulosen aus der strömungsdoppelbrechung (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020304
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  • 83
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    Über die beziehung von molekulargewicht und viskosität bei polyvinylacetaten (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Messungen an Polyvinylacetaten verschiedener Herstellungsart (Block-, Band- und Perlpolymerisate von verschiedener Polymerisationstemperatur) und verschiedener Molekulargewichtsverteilung ergeben gleiche Makromolekülgestalt in Lösung. Die Bezichung zwischen osmotischem Molekulargewicht und Viskositätszahl wird für fraktionierte Produkte in Aceton durch die Gleichung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Z}_\eta = 1,0 \cdot 10^{ - 5} M^{0,75} {\rm\ wiedergegeben} $$\end{document}
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020305
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  • 84
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    Die aktivität der natriumionen in wäßrigen lösungen der salze mit polyvalenten säuren1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 279-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Osmotische und kryoskopische Messungen an wäßrigen Lösungen polyacrylsaurer Salze haben ergeben, daß polyvalente Anionen eine starke Inaktivierung ihrer Gegenionen bewirken. Elektrometrische Messungen mit Hilfe der Natriumamalgamelektrode bestätigen dieses Ergebnis; weniger als 1/3 der Natriumionen erweist sich als potentiometrisch wirksam. Die Natriumsalze ein- bis vierbasischer, niedermolekularer Carbonsäuren zeigen dagegen ein unter sich ähnliches, normales Verhalten, das von demjenigen des polyacrylsauren Natriums stark abweicht.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020306
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    Über die darstellung der d-galakturonsäure durch enzymatischen pektinabbau (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Es wird ein Verfahren zur Darstellung der d-Galakturonsäure unmittelbar aus Pektin beschrieben. Der Abbau wird mit „Pectinol“, einem im Handel erhältlichen Filtrationsenzym, ohne Verwendung von Säuren oder Basen, beim Eigen-pH des Pektins und bei 40°C durchgeführt. Zur Isolierung der Galakturonsäure wird aus den zum Sirup eingeengten Lösungen die Galakturonsäure mit Äthanol oder mit Methanol herausgelöst, wobei die Enzyme und die nicht vollständig hydrolysierten Pektine ausfallen. Es wurden Ausbeuten bis zu 71% der Theorie erreicht. Durch kinetische Messungen wurden die günstigsten Bedingungen für den Abbau ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020307
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  • 86
    Electronic Resource
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    Über lockerstellen und ihre spaltungsgeschwindigkeit in oxydativ abgebauten baumwoll- und ramiecellulosen. I. Homogener abbau in kupferoxydammoniaklösung durch luftsauerstoff331. Mitteilung über makromolekulare Verbindungen1 (1948)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 2 (1948), S. 298-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Durch Untersuchung der Kettenlängenverteilung in polymerhomologen Reihen von oxydativ in Kupferoxydammoniaklösung mittels Luftsauerstoff abgebauten Baumwoll- und Ramiecellulosen wird gezeigt, daß ebenso wie bei Säureeinwirkung eine erhebliche Vereinheitlichung der Substanzen bei Polymerisationsgraden zwischen 400 und 500 eintritt. Es wird daraus geschlossen, daß im Abstand von ca. 500 Glucoseresten Bindungen vorhanden sein müssen, die ca. 3000 mal schneller gespalten werden als die normalen β-glucosidischen Bindungen. Zum Unterschied von den Ergebnissen bei dem hydrolytischen Abbau ist das Verhältnis der Spaltungsgeschwindigkeiten bei beiden Cellulosearten fast gleich. Es läßt sich noch nicht entscheiden, ob die hydrolytischen und oxydativen Lockerstellen identisch sind, oder ob sich zwei gleich große Periodizitäten überlagern.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1948.020020308
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  • 87
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    Aroyl disulfides as promoter-modifiers for copolymerization of butadiene and styreneThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Benzoyl, anisoyl, veratroyl, p-bromobenzoyl, p-phenylbenzoyl, p-benzoylbenzoyl, p-methylsulfonylbenzoyl, p(N,N-dimethylsulfonamido)-benzoyl and -naphthoyl disulfides are promoters of the emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and styrene, but exhibit little effect on the polymer properties. Furoyl, phenyl, p-chlorophenyl and p-bromophenyl disulfides are neither promoters nor modifiers.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030108
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of copolymerization. II (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In order to study further the effect of structure on monomer reactivities in copolymerization the copolymer composition as a function of initial monomer mixture composition has been determined for the following monomer pairs: vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride, ethyl methacrylate-vinylidene chloride, butyl methacrylate-vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate-tetrachloroethylene, allyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate-vinylidenechloride, methyl methacrylate-vinyl chloride, pentene-1-vinyl chloride, allyl chloride-vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate-2,5-di-chlorostyrene, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride, and vinyl chloride-dioctyl maleate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030202
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of unsaturation of synthetic and natural rubbers by means of iodine monochloride (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030218
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved osmotic balance (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 314-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The construction and operation of the osmotic balance has been described. Because of the damping effect of the cell immersed in the solvent the sensitivity of the balance is diminished. This can be avoided if a suitable weight is placed above the central knife-edge of the beam of the balance. A way to calculate the dimensions of a cell which gives the lowest possible temperature sensibility has been discussed. The disadvantage of a thick cell wall with respect to reference point adjustments has been pointed out. The measurements made with the balance have shown that osmotic pressures of the magnitude 0.011 ± 0.001 g./cm.2 can be measured. An example of the use of the balance has been given for three samples of nitrocellulose.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030302
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
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    Beiträge zur kinetik der indenpolymerisation. III. Über den einfluss molekularen sauerstoffes auf die indenpolymerisation (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 336-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The polymerization of indene catalyzed by oxygen at 30° and 40°C., has been studied. Oxygen is absorbed and a labile “oxypolymer” or “polyindene peroxyde” is formed and can be separated from normal polymer by precipitation.
    Notes: Es wird die Polymerisation von Inden unter Sauerstoffeinfluss bei 30 und 40°C. untersucht. Sauerstoff wird absorbiert unter Bildung eines labilen “Oxydpolymers” oder “Polyindenperoxyds,” das vom normalen Polymer mittels einer Fällungsreaktion getrennt werden kann.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030305
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
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    Influence of structure on polymer-liquid interaction. II. Influence of nitrile groupsCommunication No. 75 from the Rubber Foundation. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 173-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The swelling of vulcanized copolymers from dienes and acrylonitrile is measured in various organic liquids. Equilibria change gradually as a function of nitrile concentration. The occurrence of ideal, regular and irregular systems is discussed, and intermolecular attraction is interpreted in terms of Langmuir's theory of independent surface action.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030204
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of cobalt complexes as activators in emulsion copolymerization of butadiene and styrene (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Cobalt complex compounds exhibited varying degrees of activation and retardation in butadiene-styrene-soap emulsion polymerization systems at 20-50°C. An accompanying effect was the wasting of modifier, particularly by large concentrations of activator. The most active complexes for use with dodecyl mercaptan were those in which the cobalt was coordinated with two or more negative groups other than thiocyanate, and in which the neutral coordinated groups were not ethylenediamine.
    Additional Material: 17 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030205
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-angle scattering in polymers (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 195-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The diffraction of x-rays at small angles occurs in the form of sharp interferences (discontinuous) or as diffuse scattering (continuous). The first effect is observed mostly in crystallized proteins and in protein fibers. New measurements on collagen were obtained by the author in collaboration with Sekora, and independently by Bear. Using these data, an attempt has been made to establish a connection between the orders of the intense reflections belonging to the giant period of 642 Å. along the fiber axis and the frequency of the amino acid residues (frequency is defined as the number of amino acid residues of a particular kind among the total 220 residues which constitute the basic period of 642 Å. along the fiber axis). With the exception of the most abundant amino acids, glycine and proline, it is possible to assign to each frequency a corresponding reflection, and vice versa. This indicates a high degree of regularity in the arrangement of these amino acid residues. But the relationships are apparently more complex than would be expected from the Bergmann-Niemann rule. For example, the frequencies of 11 and 20 (corresponding to an identical residue at each 220/11 or 20th location or at each 220/20 or 11th location, respectively) appear to play a role. Fundamentally, however, we arrive at a picture in accordance with the comprehensive investigations and results of Astbury. It has not yet been possible to arrive at a detailed structure.In the theory of diffuse low-angle scattering, it is necessary to distinguish between densely packed systems and dilute systems. For the latter case, molecular scattering is computed in accordance with Debye's theory of scattering. It is shown how size factor and form factor may be separated. Both of these properties can be approximated without making previous assumptions, though the accuracy of the form factor determination can be improved appreciably if the particle weight is known. Preliminary trial measurements on solutions of edestin, tobacco mosaic virus, and hemocyanin are in agreement for the first two substances mentioned. The measurements on insulin indicate associated particles that deviate strongly from spherical shape (however, these measurements were made at an earlier date and require checking). Those on hemocyanin indicate an association similar to a string of pearls, a result which probably explains the contradiction of the substance appearing as spherical particles under the electron microscope, while exhibiting flow birefringence when in solution. When this method is developed further it will undoubtedly become a valuable tool for the determination of form and size of polymer molecules and other colloidal particles.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030206
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  • 95
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    Vapor phase polymerization of 1,3-butadiene with sodiumThis investigation was carried out under the sponsorship of the Office of Rubber Reserve, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber program. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 283-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Apparatus and technique have been described for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene in the vapor phase with sodium as catalyst. Research grade butadiene or that obtained from alcohol is necessary for production of high molecular weight polymers by this method. Unmodified polymerizations with increased sodium surface go faster and produce polymers of lower gel content and inherent viscosity. Increase in polymerization temperature reduces the rate, gel content, and inherent viscosity. The chemical structure of the modifier seems to be the predominant factor in its efficiency within a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 %. Ethyl chloride is the most powerful modifier of those examined, followed in order by dimethylamine, acetaldehyde, and acetoue. Gelfree polymers with average inherent viscosities of the whole sol between 0.4 and 4.6 were vulcanized and evaluated. The weight distribution was found to be rather narrow for the low viscosity polymers but to become broader as the average inherent viscosity of the polymer increased. Optimum processing and tensile properties were obtained on the polymers of medium viscosity. The dynamic properties of the vulcanizates improve with increase in average inherent viscosity of the raw polymer; the ethyl chloride modified polymer is exceptionally good. The physical properties of the vulcanizate of a blend of equal parts of five polymers of inherent viscosity 1.0 to 4.6 were near those of the lowest molecular weight polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030213
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  • 96
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    Light-induced polymerization of some monomers containing allyl and methacrylate groupsContribution from the Chemical Research Laboratory of Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 264-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In the polymerization of ally1 methacrylate in the presence of benzoyl peroxide at 75°C., gelation occurs after about 6% reaction. By carrying out the polymerization a t 1°C. to 25°C. in the presence of biacetyl or benzoyl peroxide and photoflood or ultraviolet radiation, we have been able to postpone gelation until 19 to 39% reaction. In the presence of biacetyl the extent of reaction a t the gel point is increased as the temperature is lowered and as the light intensity is raised.Biacetyl is activated by radiation in the 400-460 mμ region; benzoyl peroxide is activated by radiation in the 350-380 mμ region.Hydrolysis and bromination of the soluble polymer did not indicate any marked difference in the composition of the samples prepared at 75°C. and 15°C. The soluble polymer which is prepared at 75°C. appears to have an intrinsic viscosity which may be three to twenty times as great as that of the polymer which is prepared at 1-25°C.The polymerization of methyl methacrylate and allyl acetate under the two sets of conditions indicated that the reaction of the methacrylate was affected more than that of the allyl compound by the change in conditions. The copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and allyl chloroacetate indicated that somewhat more allyl monomer was incorporated into the copolymer at the lower temperature than a t the higher temperature.The increased extent of reaction at the gel point at the lower temperatures appears to be due almost entirely to diminished molecular weights. The decrease in molecular weight a t low temperatures is probably due to the decreased rate of chain growth, the rate of initiation remaining high because of irradiation, and the rate of termination being little dected because of its low activation energy. The effects of temperature on the composition of the copolymer, and of molecular weight on the point of gelation, are discussed briefly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030212
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a mechanistic theory of solvent action to plasticizers and plasticization (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030217
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  • 98
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    Spherulite formation in polyhexamethylene adipamideContribution No. 231 from the Chemical Department, Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, Delaware. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 305-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Solid polyhexamethylene adipamide prepared by slow cooling of a melt is opaque as a result of formation of spherulites. Spherulites may also be formed by slow evaporation of a phenol solution of polyhexamethylene adipamide. Transparent, nonspherulitic polymer of a low degree of lateral order can be formed by cooling the polymer rapidly. Heat treatment or aging of this polymer increases the lateral order without the formation of microscopically visible spherulites. Spherulites usually reduce tensile strength, increase opacity, and decrease workability.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030301
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    Polymeric amides from epsilon-caprolactamContribution No. 216 from The Chemical Department, Experimental Station, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company. (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: ε-Caprolactam is converted to ε-aminocaproic acid polymer by heating under pressure with water followed, by distillation of the water and heating at atmospheric pressure. The lactam is also polymerized directly to this polymer by a catalytic method in which sodiocaprolactam is the initiator.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030203
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
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    Density of undrawn, drawn, and annealed nylon filaments (1948)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 3 (1948), S. 358-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The densities of undrawn and drawn nylon filaments (6-6 Nylon) are found to be 1.1339 and 1.1384, respectively, at 25°C. Annealing either the drawn or undrawn forms to the highest temperature possible short of melting increases the room temperature density to 1.1564, the most rapid increase in density with temperatures annealing coming at 210°C. The temperature coefficient of the density as measured at room temperature is greater for the drawn form of the nylon than the undrawn after annealing has taken place. The density of nylon calculated by Bunn and Garner from x-ray diagram data is 1.24, considerably higher than the highest value obtained by us on annealing, namely 1.156.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1948.120030309
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