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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-Organizing Maps with Statistical Phase Synchronization (SOMPS) for Analyzing Cell Cycle-Specific Gene Expression Data (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 7.2008, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Based on previous studies related to the yeast cell cycle, it is well known that the underlying cellular network in yeast consists of many interactions between genes that have periodic expression patterns during the cell division cycle. In this study, it is proposed that cell cycle-specific gene expression can be understood as a phenomenon of collective synchronization or, in other words, an ensemble of non-identical oscillating response signals from different systems. Therefore, we aimed to apply the theory of statistical multivariate phase synchronization to understand the cell's cyclic transcriptome as a phenomenon of collective synchronization. To this end, a novel algorithm called Self-Organizing Maps with statistical Phase Synchronization (SOMPS) is proposed and evaluated using yeast cell cycle-specific gene expression data. From the evaluation experiments, we draw the following conclusions: 1) It is possible to find groups of genes that have biological interactions with each other and significantly share gene ontology slim terms of biological processes using the theory of multivariate phase synchronization with cell cycle-specific gene expression signals; 2) Among all output clusters of SOMPS, a relatively large cluster with high periodicity with respect to its trained mean field can be considered a prominent cluster; 3) For each gene, it is possible to identify the degree of the strength of its biological interactions with other genes using the coupling strength of synchronization with its trained mean field; and 4) It is feasible to understand cell cycle-specific expression patterns as a phenomenon of collective synchronization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/sagmb/vol7/iss1/art1
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exporting Western Law to the Developing World: The Troubling Case of Niger (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In recent years the West has dispatched ``rule doctors" across the developing world to guide poor countries through the process of legal modernization and westernization. Their goal, laid out by the so-called Washington Consensus, has been to reform those countries' legal systems so that they might share in the economic bounty of globalization. But things have not always gone well, particularly - this paper argues - where those rule doctors have ignored existing legal traditions.The paper focuses on the particular case of Niger, one of the poorest countries in the world. At present, most of Niger's citizens rely on magio-religious traditions to accomplish what we in the West would consider law. One important, and from a Western perspective colorful, Nigerien legal tradition is its citizens' reliance on an oracle called the gon to identify wrongdoers and restore harmony to their communities. The paper will describe the gon, and will point out some of the ways that it differs fundamentally from Western conceptions of law. It then will conclude that Washington Consensus law reform in Niger will fail, and will very likely cause social unrest, unless it takes a different tack and finds a way to accommodate existing legal traditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/gj/vol7/iss3/art8
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEXT, VISUALISATION AND POLITICS: LONDON, 1150–1250 (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 69-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Focusing on London, the paper discusses the interaction between theoretical, descriptive and quasi-historical writing about cities, a growing capacity to visualise city landscape and activities, and forms of graphic representation that drew on those ideas. Reading this interplay as a political space, the paper explores the structure, content and purposes of the ‘London Collection’ of national laws, pseudo-laws and city customs put together in London at about the time of Magna Carta. Though no more than a preliminary investigation, the exercise reveals the extent to which London interests, especially with regard to the politics of international trade, the ‘law of London’, earlier episodes of communal activism and a sense of London's historic destiny within that of the nation pervade the collection as a whole. This casts some doubt on the supposed antiquity of some of the London laws in the collection, which may well have been adjusted for the occasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000662
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BRITAIN AND GLOBALISATION SINCE 1850: III. CREATING THE WORLD OF BRETTON WOODS, 1939–1958 (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 1-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: During the Second World War, attention turned to reconstructing the world economy by moving away from competitive devaluations, protectionism and economic nationalism that had marred the 1930s. The Americans had considerable economic and political power, and they wished to restore multilateral trade, fixed exchanges and convertibility of currencies. The British government was in a difficult position, for it faced a serious balance of payments deficit and large accumulations of sterling in the Commonwealth and other countries. Multilateralism and convertibility posed serious difficulties. This address considers whether the American government had economic and financial hegemony after the war, or whether it was constrained; and asks how the British government was able to manoeuvre between America, Europe and the sterling area. The result was a new trade-off between international monetary policy, free trade, capital controls and domestic economic policy that was somewhat different from the ambitions of the American government and from British commitments made during and at the end of the war.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000649
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIGH AND LOW: TIES OF DEPENDENCE IN THE FRANKISH KINGDOMS (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 43-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Our understanding of ties of loyalty and dependence formed at the level of the Carolingian political elite has been much improved by a great deal of excellent recent research. As mutually beneficial relationships freely entered into, they tend to be sharply distinguished from ties of dependence involving members from the lower echelons of society: the latter ties, on the contrary, are usually seen as the result of coercion, and they were long seen as emblematic of the increasingly oppressive control of local lords. Commendation for these less powerful members of society is thus often seen as tantamount to forfeiting free status. Because oppression, for legitimate reasons, has been so strongly emphasised in historical treatments of this type of relationship, paradoxically little attention has been given to what influence the lower-status party may have had on the proceedings, the extent of their negotiating ability or the range of duties and benefits involved in such agreements. But not all lower-status people made the same deals: the Frankish formularies, an important source of evidence regarding such arrangements, show a complicated situation, indicating that ties formed at this lower level need to be treated with as much nuance as higher-status relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000650
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WRITING WAR: AUTOBIOGRAPHY, MODERNITY AND WARTIME NARRATIVE IN NATIONALIST CHINA, 1937–1946 (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 187-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The Sino-Japanese War of 1937–45 was perhaps the single most destructive event in twentieth-century Chinese history. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to how war was experienced in the Nationalist-controlled area (‘Free China’) under Chiang Kaishek. Two autobiographical texts are examined here, one a sequence of reportage from the early war years by the journalist Du Zhongyuan, and one a biji (notebook) written immediately after the war's end by the social scientist Xu Wancheng. By choosing particular modern or anti-modern genres and styles to write in, the authors expressed a wider sentiment about the war's ambiguous role in modernising China. Du's work hopes to create modernity from destruction; Xu's suggests that modern warfare has created chaos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000704
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CENTRE AND PERIPHERY IN THE EUROPEAN BOOK WORLD (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 101-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The rapid spread of print in the fifteenth century masks considerable difficulties that faced the industry in adapting to the new disciplines of mass production. Many early print shops were short-lived. Within two generations production of printed books was concentrated in a comparatively small number of major centres of production. This paper explores the implications of these developments for our understanding of the ‘print revolution’. It considers in particular the contrasting fortunes of three major markets: France, one of the largest centres of production; the Netherlands, a major hub of international trade; and England, which lay towards the periphery of the European book world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000674
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A TALE OF TWO EPISCOPAL SURVEYS: THE STRANGE FATES OF EDMUND GRINDAL AND CUTHBERT MAYNE REVISITED (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 129-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: This article seeks to relate the course of Edmund Grindal's disgrace to the formulation and enforcement of policy against catholics. It argues that the two were integrally related and that the nature of that interrelationship can be seen as a function of certain manoeuvres and debates about a range of issues involving the queen and her councillors and bishops and indeed members of the wider regime. The resulting exchanges were conducted in terms of the nature and relative significance of the popish and puritan threats. The aim here is to reveal the dynamics of the resulting mode of ideological politics and to show how very serious differences of approach, priority and world view could be both canvassed and contained within the consensual mechanisms and assumptions of the Elizabethan regime. Through a close analysis of one political moment the paper also hopes to demonstrate the extent to which a series of conventionally separately told stories – about ecclesiastical affairs, about foreign policy, about puritans and about catholics, about both court and local politics – need to be seen as parts of a unitary political narrative or process, the nature of which this paper is an attempt to reveal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000686
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLISM OF CONQUEST IN IRELAND, c. 1790–1850 (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 165-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The question of whether Ireland had been conquered by England has received some attention from historians of eighteenth-century Ireland, mainly because it preoccupied William Molyneux, author of the influential The Case of Ireland . . . Stated (1698). Molyneux defended Irish parliamentary rights by denying the reality of a medieval conquest of Ireland by English monarchs, but he did allow for what could be called ‘aristocratic conquest’. The seventeenth century, too, had left a legacy of conquest, and this paper examines evidence of consciousness among Irish Protestants of descent from ancestral conquerors. It considers how and why this consciousness took a more pronounced sectarian turn during the 1790s. Williamite anniversaries, increasingly associated with the Orange Order, became identified in the Catholic mind as symbolic reminders of conquest. Thanks to the protracted struggle for ‘Catholic emancipation’, this issue continued to feature in political debate about Ireland well into the nineteenth century, while the passing of the Act of Union (1800) revitalised the older debate about whether England could be said to have conquered Ireland. Liberal Protestants and Catholics contended that England had invariably intervened to prevent any possibility of reconciliation between conquerors and conquered. Thus the language of conquest remained highly adaptable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000698
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DEATH OF A CONSUMER SOCIETY (2008)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 18 (2008), S. 211-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: This paper argues that the meaning of consumer society has changed over the last half century, principally through the prioritisation of choice over access. It does this through an examination of the global consumer movement and a consideration of its successes and failures. It demonstrates that through the movement's own tactics, and the defeats it suffered by opponents of regulation, its earlier emphasis on the right of consumers to enjoy basic needs has given way to a greater focus on choice. Consequently, the changing fortunes of consumer activism around the world both reflect and explain the reorientation of global consumer society over the last few decades.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0080440108000716
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic Field Enhancement with Soft Magnetic Flux Guides (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, a study of the sensitivity enhancement of spin valve sensors, when locatedin close proximity to magnetic flux guides, is presented. The magnetoresistance (MR) of spin-valvesensors, lithographically patterned into stripes with lateral dimensions, (length) l = 500 µm, (width)wsensor = 1, 2, 6 µm and placed near one/two Co93.5Zr2.8Nb3.7 (CZN) magnetic flux guide, ischaracterized at room temperature. CZN has a high permeability that together with a definedmicrostructured shape, is able to concentrate the magnetic flux in a small area, leading to anincrease in sensor's sensitivity. The magnetic field amplification is estimated by comparison ofsensor sensitivity with/without magnetic flux guides, in the linear operation range, and studied as afunction of different parameters. Besides an enhancement in sensitivity, sensors also exhibit animportant increase in the hard axis coercivity and a shift from MR(H=0) = 0.5, both attributed to themagnetic flux guides. Amplification factors of the order of 20 are observed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.313.pdf
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin Disorder Resistivity and Electronic Specific Heat of Gd〈sub〉4〈/sub〉(Co〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Cu〈sub〉x〈/sub〉)〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 Compounds (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, we present a study of the spin disorder resistivity ( ρm∞) and the electronicspecific heat coefficient ( γ) in Gd4(Co1-xCux)3 compounds, with x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30. Theexperimental results show a strongly non-linear dependence of ρm∞ on the de Gennes factor which,in similar intermetallic compounds, is usually attributed to the existence of spin fluctuations on theCo 3d bands and its amplification by the thermal disorder of the Gd magnetic moments through theGd-Co exchange coupling. Using a novel combined analysis of ρm∞ and γ, we show, however, thatonly electron band structure changes are involved in the anomalous behaviour of ρm∞ and that alinear dependence of ρm∞ on the de Gennes factor is obtained when the variation of the effectivemass is properly taken into account
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.333.pdf
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion Resistances of As-Cast and Quenched Samples of a Zn-22Al Eutectoid Alloy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To address the increasing demand for high performance and high quality die castings,Zn-Al casting alloys have been developed, in particular for applications in the automotive industry.This family of alloys has good physical, mechanical and tribological properties and is commonlyused as foundry alloys in a variety of applications. Particularly, the Zn-22 wt% Al eutectoid alloy isa classic commercial material and a fine-grained structure can be obtained by using a suitable heattreatment which can induce a superplastic behavior. On the other hand, this heat treatment canaffect the corrosion behavior of such alloy. The present work focuses on the influence of as-cast andquenched microstructures of the Zn-22wt%Al eutectoid alloy on its electrochemical corrosionbehavior. The typical microstructural patterns were examined by using optical microscopytechniques. In order to evaluate the corrosion behavior of such alloy, corrosion tests were performedin a 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25ºC by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)technique and potentiodynamic polarization curves. An equivalent circuit by using the ZViewsoftware was also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions and understanding of theelectrochemical corrosion behavior. It was found that the heat-treated samples are more susceptibleto the corrosion action than the as-cast alloy sample
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.355.pdf
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallic Powders Amorphization by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Electrical Sintering (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 375-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Al-base and Fe-base powders have been amorphized by a high energy milling process inan Attritor miller. Microstructural evolution in powder particles has been analyzed by XRD, DSC,SEM and TEM. The conventional route of cold pressing and sintering applied to these powdersdoes not result adequate to preserve their amorphous or nanometric character. An additionaldisadvantage of this route appears during the cold pressing stage, as a consequence of theinsufficient green strength of the compacts, due to the high hardness of the milled powders. In orderto avoid these difficulties a new consolidation technique, electrical resistance sintering (ERS), hasbeen successfully employed. ERS consolidated compacts have been microstructurally characterizedby optical microscopy and XRD, showing that compacts preserve their amorphous and/ornanometric character
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.375.pdf
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermetallic Effects on the Ductility of Sintered Aluminium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 380-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mechanically alloyed aluminium powder was prepared by attrition-milling for 10 hoursin the presence of a wax. Milled powders were annealed in vacuum at different temperatures (500,575, 600, 625 and 650ºC). Compacts were consolidated starting from unannealed and from 600ºCannealedpowders. Studies by SEM microfractography and quantitative metallography, toinvestigate the influence of Fe-Al intermetallics on compacts fracture, have been carried out. It isconcluded that fracture takes place at regions where the area occupied by the intermetallics is highand intermetallics particles are big. Intermetallic particle size can be controlled by an appropriatedheat treatment
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.380.pdf
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incremental Melting and Solidification Process/Mechanical Characterization of Functionally Graded Al-Si Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 400-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Incremental Melting and Solidification Process (IMSP) is a relatively new field formaterial processing for the production of functionally graded materials. In this process a controlledliquid bath is maintained at the top of the component where new materials are added changing thecomponents composition. Thus, a functionally graded material is obtained with a varyingcomposition along one direction of the component. This paper deals with the influence of one of theprocess parameters, namely displacement rates between heating coil and mould, in order to evaluateits influence on both metallurgical and mechanical properties of different Al-Si alloys. Hardness andphase distribution, along the main castings axis, were measured. To better assess and characterizethe process, two different Al-Si alloys with and without variation of chemical composition along thespecimen were analysed. Results demonstrate that a gradual variation of metallurgical andmechanical properties along the component is obtained. It is also shown that Al-Si functionallygraded materials can be produced by the incremental melting and solidification process. Resultsshow that the displacement rate is very important on metallurgical and mechanical properties of theobtained alloy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.400.pdf
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain Path Change Effect on Deformation Behaviour of Materials with Low-to-Moderate Stacking Fault Energy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 420-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stacking fault energy (SFE) plays an important role in face centred cubic (f.c.c.) metalsand alloys in determining the prevailing mechanisms of plastic deformation. Low SFE metals andalloys have a tendency to develop mechanical twinning, besides dislocation slip, during plasticdeformations. Deformation behaviour and microstructure evolution under simple and complexstrain paths were studied in 70/30 brass, with small and intermediate grain sizes, which correspondsto a f.c.c. material with low SFE. Simple (rolling and tension) and complex (tension normal toprevious rolling) strain paths were performed. The macroscopic deformation behaviour of materialsstudied is discussed in terms of equivalent true stress vs. equivalent true strain responses and strainhardening rates normalized by shear modulus (dσ/dε)/G as vs. (σ – σ0)/G (σ0 is the initial yieldstress of the material and G is the shear modulus). The mechanical behaviour is discussed withrespect to dislocation and twin microstructure evolution developed in both, simple and complexstrain paths
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.420.pdf
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of Nanofiller Dispersion Method and Properties Evaluation of Polyurethane/ZrO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉:Eu Composites for Optoelectronic Applications (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 448-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present study the distribution of nanofillers in the polyurethane matrix and thecomposite properties were investigated. As a nanofiller, zirconium oxide doped with 10% Eu3+ wasused. The nanofiller was added at 0.1 wt%. Different ways of nanofiller incorporation wereinvestigated. The microstructure of the obtained materials was examined by atomic forcemicroscopy in force modulation. The size analysis of the nanofiller was investigated with HRSEM.The thermal (DSC, TGA) properties of polyurethane nanocomposites were also investigated inaddition to the analysis of transmittance and luminescence of obtained materials. The resultsobtained indicate a possibility of fabrication of polymeric nanocomposites for optoelectronicapplications via a relatively inexpensive processing route
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.448.pdf
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron and Chromium Removal from Binary Solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III) and Fe(III)/Cr(VI) by Biosorbents Supported on Zeolites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The removal of metallic ions from binary aqueous solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III) andFe(III)/Cr(VI) by an Arthrobacter viscosus biofilm supported on NaY zeolite was investigated.Experiments were repeated with suspended biomass for comparison purposes. Batch assays wereperformed using different concentrations (10, 25 and 40 mg/L), for both metals in solution. Resultsindicated that Arthrobacter viscosus is able to retain the metallic ions, although not totally. Theremoval efficiencies were improved when the biofilm was supported on the zeolite, for all the initialconcentrations of Cr(III), for the intermediate and higher concentration of Cr(VI) and for all rangeof initial concentrations of Fe(III), in the presence of Cr(III). The bacteria reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III)and, only then, this cation may be entrapped in the framework zeolite by ion exchange. Suspendedbacteria had higher affinity for Fe(III), than for Cr(VI) or Cr(III), while the conjugated system wasselective to Fe(III) when in the presence of Cr(VI). For solutions of Fe(III)/Cr(III), very highremovals were achieved by the supported system, ranging from 94 to 100 % for Cr(III) and from 98to 100 % for Fe(III). The conjugated system also reached the highest removal ratio of Cr(VI), 36 %,for the initial concentration of 40 mg/L. The materials in study were characterized by techniquessuch as FTIR, SEM and chemical analyses
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.463.pdf
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    Effect of Annealing Conditions on the Grain Size of Nanocrystalline Copper Thin Films (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 483-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline metals demonstrate a broad range of fascinating mechanical properties atthe nanoscale, namely a significant increase in hardness and superior yield stress. In this regard,understanding grain growth in nanocrystalline metals is crucial, particularly because nano sizegrains are characterized by a high curvature, which results in a high driving force for grain growth.In this work, the effect of annealing conditions on grain size of copper nanocrystalline thin filmswas investigated. The nanocrystalline copper thin films were first deposited by d.c. magnetronsputtering on a copper substrate. The specimens were then annealed in vacuum at 100, 300 and500ºC from 10 minutes to 5 hours. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that theas-deposited thin films have a bimodal grain size distribution; an average grain size of 43±2nm andthe presence of nanotwins. Abnormal grain growth was observed for some samples annealed.Increasing the annealing time induced significant grain growth and promoted twin formation in thelarger grains. Finally, the hardness of these nanocrystalline Cu thin films was determined usingatomic force microscope. The relation between mechanical properties, annealing conditions andgrain size was analyzed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.483.pdf
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    Melting of PP/PA6 Polymer Blends in Single Screw Extruders – An Experimental Study (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 505-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A prototype modular single screw extruder fitted with a screw extracting device is usedto monitor melting of an immiscible polymer blend (PP/PA6, with different weight ratios) in thiswidely used processing equipment. As anticipated, the phenomena observed are much morecomplex than those involved in extruding PP or PA6, when the well known Maddock/Tadmormechanism is valid. Consequently a hybrid melting mechanism, involving Maddock/Tadmor andDispersive melting sequences, is proposed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.505.pdf
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  • 122
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    Study of the Degradation of a Polyesther-Polyurethane by TGA and the Logistic Mixture Model (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The logistic mixture model was successfully studied previously in the separation ofoverlapping steps in some polymeric systems by the authors. In the present work, this method isapplied to a polyesther-polyurethane degradation under air and inert atmospheres at several heatrates (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ºC/min) in dynamic TGA. Every logistic component is fitted by reactionorder, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and Sestak-Berggren kinetics equations in order to calculate its kineticparameters (activation energy, frequency factor and exponents). The reaction order model gives agood fitting and reproduces accurtelly the experimental curves. Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and Sestak-Berggren equations resulted to be not suitables because of the activation energy values obtained
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.525.pdf
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  • 123
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    Photodegradation Studies of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 543-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF, in its β phase was analysedbefore and after the samples were exposed to UV radiation using a xenon lamp, for ten weeks.Changes in chemical structures, crystallinity, dielectric and piezoelectric response wereinvestigated. From the present study it can be concluded that PVDF shows high stability towardsphotodegradation and can be used for outdoor applications without interference in its performance
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.543.pdf
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  • 124
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    Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour of Innovative Structures Incorporating Cork (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Cork is a natural cellular material which has been used for centuries, in natural andagglomerate forms, mainly for applications related to the wine, the automotive and the constructionindustries. It is a very durable and ecological material, used for thermal, acoustic and vibratinginsulation as well as packaging, among others. This paper highlights some of the aspects of a topicof great interest, not much explored yet, which consists of the study of the dynamic mechanicalbehaviour of innovative structures incorporating cork, dedicated to energy-absorption. Experimentaland numerical tests, using the finite element method software LS-DYNA™, were performed inorder to evaluate the effects of filling agglomerate cork inside thin-walled metallic tubes, withvariable geometries and thicknesses, impacted uniaxially at quasi-static and high strain rates. Somerelevant comparisons were carried out and the results obtained allowed concluding that cork mightbe a viable energy-absorbing material for application in some metallic structures subjected toimpact loadings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.599.pdf
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  • 125
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    Electrical Properties Studies of a Cork/TetraPak®/Paraffin Wax Composite (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 613-617 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Lately the electrical and dielectric properties of cork and some cork-based materials(commercial and non-commercial) have been studied in order to understand their ability to storeelectrical charge. The main problem found so far is related to the water content in cork, only of afew % weight, but large enough to influence greatly the conductivity of cork and, consequently, thecharge storage capability. To overcome this problem cork has been combined with hydrophobicmaterials. In this work a commercial wax (paraffin wax) was used to produce a cork/paraffincomposite by hot pressing. After milled and mixed natural cork, TetraPak® containers waste andparaffin were pressed to make plaques of a new composite. Different concentrations of cork,TetraPak® and paraffin, different granules size, different temperature and pressure were used toproduce the samples. The electrical properties of the new composite were measured by theisothermal charging and discharging current method and the results compared to previously onesobtained for natural cork and other derivative products. The new composite has shown to havelower conductivity than the commercial agglomerate, which makes it a better material for chargestorage
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.613.pdf
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  • 126
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    Mechanical Behaviour of Ausformed and Marformed Ti-Rich Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 635-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shape memory effect (SME) in Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys is ascribed to thethermoelastic reversible martensite phase transformation. Phase transformation is established to beaffected by the pre- thermal and mechanical history of the alloy. The present work deals with theeffect of mechanical working, known as ‘marforming’ and ‘ausforming’, on the phasetransformation characteristics and mechanical behaviour of Ti-rich Ni-Ti alloy. Tensile study andmeasurement of the hardness data were carried out at room temperature. Mere heat treatment orheat treatment at 773 K after the marforming shows similar characteristics, whereas, the as-receivedand the ausformed samples exhibit different behaviours. Hardness numbers of the heat treatedsamples are found to be smaller than those of the as-received and mechanically worked samples
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.635.pdf
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  • 127
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    Compositional Analysis of Polychromes by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 657-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study deals with the analysis and characterization of wood polychromes by means ofLaser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Specimens from a Baroque altarpiece have beenanalyzed by using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser source at the wavelength of 355 nm. Previously, alibrary of characteristic LIBS spectra of the most commonly used pigments and other materialsinvolved was obtained. The knowledge of these spectra allowed us to identify the main constituentsof the different layers in polychromes and to obtain compositional depth profiles
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.657.pdf
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  • 128
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    Characterization of Ni-Ti (Shape Memory Alloy) Thin Film by 〈i〉In Situ〈/i〉 XRD and Complementary 〈i〉Ex Situ〈/i〉 Techniques (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 672-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ni-Ti SMA are smart materials undergoing first order martensitic transformations drivenby temperature and/or stress. In the form of film they are very attractive candidates for microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) applications. Future directions include the production offunctionally graded films by changing deliberately the ratio Ti/Ni across their thickness. However,for the successful development of this type of films, it is important to characterize, model andcontrol the variations in composition, crystalline structure and transformation temperatures. Ourapproach is in-situ XRD study of the actual growth of the films of varying composition along thethickness carried out using a deposition chamber installed at a synchrotron radiation beamline.These studies were complemented with ex-situ analysis techniques. The results achieved on a Ni-Tifilm co-sputtered from Ni-Ti and Ti targets on a TiN buffer layer are presented in this paper. Thedeposition started by using optimised parameters for a near equiatomic composition. After 1 h(≈330 nm thick film), the Ti power was increased from 20 to 25 W, leading to the precipitation ofTi2Ni. The evolution of the lattice parameter values of the B2 phase, calculated from thecorresponding XRD data, is clearly linked with the increase of the Ti power. The depth profile ofthe atomic concentrations determined by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) is in agreement withthe in situ XRD results. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity was used to monitorphase transformations, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has shown the presence of twinnedmartensite on the film’s surface at room temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.672.pdf
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  • 129
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    Hyperelastic Modelling of Cork-Polyurethane Gel Composites: Non-Linear FEA Implementation in 3D Foot Model (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The CPGC – Cork-Polyurethane Gel Composite is a material that is mechanicallycharacterized by non-linear elastic behaviour at large deformations. The non-linear behaviour can bemodelled by hyperelastic constitutive models based on strain energy functions enabling a structuredphenomenological framework for CPGC material modelling. The CPGC is a promising material forhuman comfort enhancement and dynamic damping/control applications. This paper presents theexperimental methodology used for the CPGC evaluation of material parameters used in thehyperelastic models and the finite element model build-up. A 3D foot FEA model is presented inorder to evaluate the performance of the hyperelastic model in a real case situation and themechanical performance of shoe insoles, namely, trough the monitoring of the contact pressurevalues at the insole/foot interface
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.700.pdf
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  • 130
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    Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Laser Surface Remelting of Al 9wt% Si Alloy Samples (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 721-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Laser materials processing has been widely applied in industrial processes due to uniqueprecision and very localized thermal action furnished by the laser’s high energy density and powercontrollability. With the inherent rapid heating and cooling rates to which this surface layer issubjected, this process provides an opportunity to produce different microstructures from that of thebulk metal leading to useful properties. The aim of this work is to develop a heat transfermathematical model based on the finite difference method in order to simulate temperature fields inthe laser surface remelting process. Convective heat transfer in the remelted pool is taken intoaccount by using the effective thermal conductivity approach. Theoretical predictions furnished byprevious models from the literature were used for validation of numerical simulations performedwith the proposed model. Experiments of laser surface remelting of Al-9 wt pct Si samples wascarried out in the present investigation, and numerical simulations was applied for the laser machineoperating parameters. The work also encompasses the analysis of microstructural andmicrohardness variations throughout the resulting treated and unmolten zones
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.721.pdf
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  • 131
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    Failure Analysis of Metallic Materials in Sheet Metal Forming Using Finite Element Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 736-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The optimisation of sheet metal processes by using numerical simulations has become akey factor to a continuously increasing requirement for time and cost efficiency, for qualityimprovement and materials saving, in many manufacturing areas such as automotive, aerospace,building, packaging and electronic industries. The introduction of new materials brought newchallenges to sheet metal forming processes. The behaviour observed with conventional steels maynot be applied when using high-strength steels or aluminium alloys. Numerical codes need to modelcorrectly the material and different constitutive equations must be considered to describe withgreater accuracy its behaviour. This enhancement of material description may provide a betterprediction of the forming limits, enabling an assessment of the influence of each forming parameteron the necking occurrence and the improvement of press performance. This paper presents twonumerical approaches for failure prediction in sheet metal forming operations: one is theimplementation of the Lemaitre’s ductile damage model in the Abaqus/Explicit code in accordancewith the theory of Continuum Damage Mechanics and the other is the traditional use of FLDs,usually employed as an analysis of the finite element solution in which the necking phenomenon iscarried out in the framework of Marciniak-Kuczinsky (M-K) analysis coupled with the conventionaltheory of plasticity. The previous strategies and corresponding results are compared with twoexperimental failure cases, in order to test and validate each of these strategies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.736.pdf
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    Leaching Studies of Spent Zinc-Manganese Alkaline Batteries with Sulphuric Acid (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 763-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The hydrometallurgical processing of metal bearing residues is one of the establishedroutes envisaging metals recovery. In these processes, the leaching operation plays a central role asallows the solubilization of metals for further separation and recovery as pure products. This routecan be applied to spent domestic batteries recycling, which studies on sulphuric acid leaching ofspent alkaline batteries are reported in this paper. Material samples used in the trials were preparedconcerning the real proportion of the most common sizes and shapes of batteries found in the usualstream of this type of wastes. The research involved the evaluation of some factors which affectleaching yields namely temperature, reaction time and stirring speed, through a two-level factorialdesign methodology and analysis of variance. In this study, other factors related with leachantconcentration and stoichiometry were maintained constant. Zinc leaching yields were generally highand even near 100% when the high levels of the variables were used, meaning that zinc oxidespresent in the electrodes are very reactive to acid leachant. The variables had all positive effectsbeing temperature the most significant factor (confidence level 99%) while the other factors wereless significant (98.8% for time and 95% for stirring speed). Concerning manganese, leaching yieldsobtained were more dependent from the factors, being also positive and varying from 11% (for lowlevels of factors combination) to 89% (for high levels of factors combination). Temperature andtime were highly significant (confidence levels above 99.9%) while stirring speed was lesssignificant (97%). Contamination of leach liquors with iron was also evaluated since it is animpurity which requires special attention during the process development. For the higher levels ofthe factors (t = 1 h, T=80ºC and ω=400 rpm) the final solution contained 10 g/L Zn, 15 g/L Mn and3.2 g/L Fe. The removal of the iron from the solution is a necessary step prior to the separation andrecovery of zinc and manganese
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.763.pdf
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    Studies on PVC-Clay Mixture as Function of the Temperature Cooking (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 783-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In Italy, the amount of thermoplastic materials is 5 million tons. The recovery isnecessary through simple processes with high efficiency. The aim of this paper is to study the use ofplastic material particles in the ceramic industry for the production of light bricks, since this wasteburns during firing at high temperature. The clay is extracted by disused quarry of South Italy andthe PVC is a by-product of polymeric bars production (San Giovanni in Fiore- Calabria). The clayand the PVC waste were characterised by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction to identify thecrystalline phases of raw material and EDS analyses to determine the chemical composition.Mixtures containing waste and clay materials were formed by extrusion and fired in a furnace usingrange temperatures of 900°C-1100°C. The obtained final products are bricks of 15 cm of length,2 cm of thickness and 1.2 cm of height. The physical and mechanical properties were studied. Theseproperties are used to define process firing temperature. Water absorption and linear shrinkage testscarried out as a function of the firing temperature
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.783.pdf
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    Development of Monolithic Materials with and without a Binder with Carbon Molecular Sieving Properties (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 587-588 (June 2008), p. 805-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work we studied the production of activated carbon fibres in monolith shape froma commercial textile acrylic fibre. The monoliths were produced with and without a binder. Thebinders tested were phenolic resin, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and clay. We also testedthe influence of using a solvent. The SEM analysis indicates that the monoliths are made offilaments that can be considered activated carbon fibres. The type of binder influences the fibreorientation, degradation and materials shrinkage, the worst results being obtained from the use ofpolymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene in toluene. The best results are obtained when themonoliths were produced only with acrylic fibre and with phenolic resin as binder. The use ofsolvents has opposite effects for the carbonised and activated samples. In the former case it seemsthat the water can be fibre protective but during activation the presence of water leads to an increasein the monolith’s burn-off. The methodology used leads to the formation of excellent samples forperforming the gas separations O2/N2and CO2/CH4. Some samples show maximum selectivity forthe referred separations because N2and CH4are almost totally excluded from the porous structurewhich indicates a good potential to be utilised in PSA systems or for natural gas purification. Theadsorption capacity is very dependent on the conditions used. Nevertheless, the best sample has aconsiderably high adsorption capacity (32cm3g-1 for CO2and 4cm3g-1 for O2, after 200s contacttime)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.587-588.805.pdf
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    Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Ultrafine-Grained Titanium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ultrafine-grained titanium was processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The SPDwas carried out by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at high temperature. The ECAPprocessedsample was further deformed by conventional techniques such as radial forging anddrawing. The microstructure was characterized quantitatively by X-ray diffraction line profileanalysis and transmission electron microscopy after each step of deformation. The effect ofprocesing routes on the mechanical behavior was also studied. It was found that the conventionaldeformation processes after ECAP result in further increment in dislocation density and strength atthe expense of ductility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Al-6082 Ultrafine-Grained Alloys Processed by ECAP Combined with Traditional Forming Techniques (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An Al-6082 alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) andsubsequently to conventional forming methods such as shape rolling and rotary forging. The effectof different deformation techniques on the microstructure and the mechanical properties wasstudied. It was found that the shape rolling and rotary forging increased further the strength ofECAP-processed samples and induced a loss of ductility
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.111.pdf
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  • 137
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    Production and Behaviour of Aluminium Matrix Double Composite Structures (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study Nextel 440 type alumina fibre reinforced aluminium matrix composite wireswere investigated. Composite wires produced using the continuous process are suitable to simplifythe introduction of fibre reinforcements into aluminium castings as well as the production of doublecomposite, sandwich and preferentially reinforced structures. This paper focuses on the porosity ofcomposite wires because minimizing porosity is the primary condition of good mechanicalproperties. Composite wires were produced with different infiltration pressure (0.83 MPa, 1.03MPa, 1.24 MPa, 1.52 MPa, and 1.65 MPa) to determine the correlation between infiltration pressureand the porosity of wires. 10 grinded cross-sectional samples were made from each type ofcomposite wires. Based on the micrographs of these samples the volume fraction of aluminium wasdetermined by image analysis, which also yielded information on the porosity of wires. The resultsshow that there is direct (linear) correlation between the infiltration pressure and the decrease inporosity. These findings, however, are valid only for the investigated range of pressure. Themeasured values were in good agreement with the theoretical model used for comparison
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.105.pdf
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  • 138
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    Properties of Carbon Nanotube - Polymer Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the last ten years carbon nanotube composites are in the focus of the researchers ofpolymer blends. Different composition of carbon nanotubes and polymers were produced by aspecial mixing unit called Infinitely Variable Dynamic Shear Mixer (IDMX). In the experimentspolypropylene and polycarbonate polymers were used as matrix materials. Nanotube masterbatcheswere used to prepare different compositions. Concentration series were manufactured by thedynamic mixer. The prepared materials were characterised by scanning electron microscopy.Mechanical, electrical and burning properties of the materials were also determined. Thermalproperties were examined by DSC
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.117.pdf
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  • 139
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    The Comparison of Solid Silicone Rubber Types Manufactured by Diverse Technologies (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper presents the current results of our ongoing research on the field of siliconrubber applications in precision engineering and in medical industry. We have demonstrated twotechnologies for the manufacturing of precision parts and devices for the medical industry. Themechanical properties of the silicone rubber materials manufactured by press vulcanisation and bymoulding (diving) are compared
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.123.pdf
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  • 140
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    Investigation of Crystallization in an Amorphous Cu-Based Alloy by X-Ray (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently one of the most significant research-field in the development of amorphousalloys is the research of the Cu-based amorphous alloys. The Zr-based alloys developed earlier canbe replaced by the newly developed Cu-based alloys as the high price of the Zr-based alloys limitstheir utilization in spite of their favourable properties. Production of Cu-based alloys having thesame or more favourite properties than Zr-based alloys is cheaper and this fact can promote theirincreasing utilization. Cu-Zr-Ti and Cu-Hf-Ti alloy systems – they are Cu-based alloys – haveexcellent mechanical properties. In this paper investigations of crystallization of amorphousCu44,25Zr36Ag14,75Ti5 powder produced by ball milling (these processes have not been investigatedyet according to the reference data) are described. In the course of investigation of thecrystallization process, samples were heated to a temperature of investigation by means of a DSCequipment and the developed state was frozen by chilling. The investigation of the developedstructure and to identify the phases formed during heat treatment, X-ray diffraction method wasused
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.131.pdf
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  • 141
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    Composite Production by Pressure Infiltration (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the possibility of composite block production by using pressureinfiltration technology. This method uses the pressure of an inert gas (usually argon or nitrogen) toforce the melted matrix material to infiltrate the reinforcing elements. Three types of materials wereconsidered: open cell metallic foam, metal matrix syntactic foam and carbon fiber reinforced metalmatrix composite. Physical and mechanical investigations – such as SEM and compression tests –were performed. The results of measurements were summarized briefly
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.137.pdf
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  • 142
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    Rare Earth Metal Doped Barium Titanates (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High purity as well as Ce-, Pr- and Y-doped polycrystalline BaTiO3 ceramics wereprepared by wet chemical synthesis. Dielectric constant as well as dielectric loss of dry pressed andsintered ceramics show dielectric constant above 20000 for samples containing 0.5 % Ceaccompanied by semiconducting properties. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed Ti beingsubstituted by Ce an Y, while Pr substitutes Ba ions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.143.pdf
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  • 143
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    Control of the Particle Size of Gold on Tin Modified Silica Support (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study we describe a two-step synthesis method for the preparation of goldnanoparticles supported on tin modified silica. The key step of the preparation procedure is theformation of surface grafted organotin complexes. The reduction of these surface species in ahydrogen atmosphere resulted in both metallic (Sno) and ionic (Sn2+) forms of tin. These forms oftin are capable to reduce gold from chloroauric acid solution forming gold nanoparticles with highdispersion on the surface of silica. It has been found that the particle size of gold strongly dependson the pH value of the gold solution and the presence or absence of ammonia
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.155.pdf
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  • 144
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    Hydrogen Storage in Nanocrystalline Mg Powders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Conventional polycrystalline MgH2 was ball-milled under hydrogen atmosphereAfterwards 2 mol % pre-milled Nb2O5 (∼ 40 nm) was added to the MgH2 as a catalyst and themilling was continued. The effect of the milling duration and microstructure on the temperature ofhydrogen desorption and on the dehydriding kinetics of the ball-milled MgH2 + Nb2O5 powders wasanalyzed. In addition, taking into account the microstructural parameters, e.g. the median andvariance of the log-normal grain-size distribution of MgH2 powders, the reaction kinetics can bemodeled by introducing a multi-particle reaction function
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.149.pdf
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  • 145
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    Controlling the Composition of Nanosize Hexagonal WO〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 for Gas Sensing (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Hexagonal (h-) WO3 was prepared through heating hexagonal ammonium tungstenbronze (HATB), (NH4)0.07(NH3)0.04(H2O)0.09WO2.95. By adjusting the heating temperature andatmosphere of HATB, we could control the oxidation state of tungsten atoms and the residualNH3/NH4+ content in h-WO3. The as-produced h-WO3 nanoparticles with different compositionwere tested as gas sensors and the effect of composition on gas sensing properties was studied. Ourresults showed that oxidized h-WO3 had the best sensitivity to H2S
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.161.pdf
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  • 146
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    Dynamic Phenomena during Sessile Drop Measurements due to Oxide Layer Disruption (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The wetting phenomenon between solids and liquids has an outstanding role in severaltechnological processes [1, 2]. The knowledge of physical and chemical factors acting on thesurface tension is needed to ensure the successful processing in casting, brazing and sintering. Thesurface oxide layer influences the wetting conditions and makes difficult the exact measurement ofcontact angle [3]. In this paper the effect of oxide layer disruption and recovery was observed usinga high speed camera
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.173.pdf
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  • 147
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    Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured Ferrite Materials by a Nitrate-Citrate Self-Combustion Sol–Gel Synthesis (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 167-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: New chemical synthesis procedure for the preparation of nickel zinc doped W-typehexagonal barium ferrite and aluminium doped yttrium-iron garnet nanoparticles has beendeveloped, using the nitrate-citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method (NCSAM). The crystallinephase attributes, microstructure, morphology, specific surface area, Curie temperature (TC),permeability, thermal behavior of the as-burnt phase and the heat treated powders werecharacterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET, TG-DTA and AC magnetic permeability withfrequency shift. In the case of the hexaferrite, the pure W-type ferrite phase is formed during 4 hourannealing at a temperature of 1200 ºC, the garnet phase is formed at a lower temperature i.e. 1000ºC. Furthermore it has been confirmed, that the AC magnetic permeabilities of the garnet materialsare strongly depending on the chemical composition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.167.pdf
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  • 148
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    Mechanical and Electrical Testing of Electrically Conductive Silicone Rubber (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicone rubber is an essential construction material in food industry, medicine and insome fields of mechanical engineering, because it has good mechanical, electrical, biological andother special properties. One needs to know these material properties in order to develop siliconesensors. We performed several standard measurements for rubber, like tensile strength, cyclictensile, bending, fatiguing, stress relaxation tests etc. To investigate the electrical properties, wemeasured the resistance of silicone during the mechanical tests. The paper summarizes the newestresults of our research in connection with mechanical and electrical properties of conductivesilicone rubber
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.179.pdf
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  • 149
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    Decomposition of the Ferritic Phase in Isothermally Aged SAF 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Duplex stainless steels constitute a famous group of the stainless steels. They consist ofmainly ferritic and austenitic phases. The ratio between these phases is regulated by numerousalloying elements and low content of carbon. Because of this strong alloying a lot of metallurgicalprocesses can take place at high temperature, e.g. the decomposition of ferritic phase into σ-phaseand secondary austenite. In this paper the changes of amounts of these three phases are studied byautomated EBSD, saturation magnetization measurement, XRD-analysis and micro-hardness test.Similar results were obtained by the different applied measurements for the change of phase ratiosdue to the isothermal heat treatment
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.185.pdf
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  • 150
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    Examine of Mechanical Load of Silicone Rubber by Optical Methods (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicone rubber is an essential construction material in food industry, medicine and insome fields of mechanical engineering, because it has special mechanical, electrical, biological andother special properties. Over the usage of silicone rubber as structural material, the “intelligent”behaviour is more and more important. In this case the question arises whether its optical propertieschange by the effect of mechanical load or deformation? Can it be used like sensor, utilizing theseproperties?The paper shows the newest result of our optical research in connection with silicone rubber andshows the possibility of its usage for optical strain and force sensor, using its birefringence
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.191.pdf
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  • 151
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    Electrical Examination of Silicon Nitride – Carbon Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Si3N4 ceramics are usually known as strongly refractory and enduring materials andthey have typical insulating material properties on room temperature. If reinforcing phase of theSi3N4 matrix composite is a good electrical conductor, in that case it is worth to investigate thecomposite in electrical aspect. In our case carbon nanotubes, black-carbon and graphite with goodelectrical conductivity were mixed in the base ceramic. During our electrical investigations DCresistivity measurements were used to determine the percolation threshold and the conductivity ofthe composites. In case of high resistance samples AC impedance spectroscopy was applied. Asresult of the impedance spectroscopy capacitive properties were found. In some cases of conductorsamples combined mechanical – electrical measurements were done to study the integrity of theadditions in the matrix
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.203.pdf
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  • 152
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    Microstructural Changes due to Secondary Precipitation Hardening of Martensitic Creep Resistant Steel X20CrMoWV 12 1 (AISI 422) (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: After development of the well-known T/P91 steel grade in the early 80’s and its longindustrial experience since early 90’s, it has been necessary to develop new martensitic creepresistant steels to answer the demand of the power generation industry. New USC (ultra-supercritical) boilers require materials with advanced creep properties to reach severe steam parameters.Addition of W to the steel has been found by many researches to be effective to increase creeprupture strength at high temperatures and already used in some developed steel grades such asT/P92, T/P122 and AISI 422 for the USC boilers. Recently, long-term creep strength of theadvanced high Cr ferritic steels has been argued regarding the instability of their microstructures athigh temperatures over 600 °C. This microstructural instability seems to be enhanced withincreasing Cr content or with substitution of Mo by W in the steels. The aim of this paper isconcentrated on the investigation of the microstructural development of the studied steel using theJominy end-face quench test. Different hardness profiles from this test were introduced
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.197.pdf
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  • 153
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    Infrared Examination of Electrically Conductor Si〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Nanocomposites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Si3N4 is one of the leader high-tech ceramic nowadays. As a result of numerousdevelopments excellent mechanical properties of the material are increased by carbon additives. Inour previous investigation the electrical effect of the additives was examined. In our work thermoradiation measurements were used by infrared camera technique on conductor Si3N4 ceramiccomposites in infrared wavelength range. The thermal properties of the developed ceramiccomposites were determined. This is not easy with the ordinary methods because of the fashioningand geometrical parameters of the material. During the experiments the emissivity of ourcomposites was determined by infrared thermography measurements. Based on a theoreticalthermal conductivity model an evaluation method that allows a derivation of thermal conductivitiesof special geometry conductive materials from results of infrared measurements was established
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.209.pdf
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  • 154
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    Assessment of Laser-Cut Quality on the Basis of Acoustic Emission Signals Captured with a PZT Sensor (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes an analysis of the AE signals captured with PZT sensor during andafter laser cutting. In the course of cutting the continuous AE signals are treated in a defined timeinterval. After cutting, bursts of acoustic emission will occur. They are due to solidification of themolten material and cooling of the laser-cut surface. The results shown refer to cutting of steel plateDC04 and of austenitic stainless steel plate X5CrNi18-10. Both plate types are frequently used inautomobile industry, where, because of mass production, optimisation of the cutting process isdesired. Numerous laser-cutting conditions assuring different quality levels of the cut made werechosen. It was proved that the laser cutting conditions had a significant influence on the amplitudevalue and intensity of the continuous signal and AE activity after the termination of laser cutting.Separately it was also confirmed that there was a relation between the measured signal and laser-cutquality, which is shown, to a large extent, by the presence of dross at the lower edge of the cut
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.215.pdf
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  • 155
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    Electrospinning of PVA/Carbon Nanotube Composite Nanofibers: TheEffect of Processing Parameters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite nanofibers were processed byboth conventional and needleless electrospinning method. The effect of the processing parameterson the possibility of manufacturing was investigated. The results were evaluated by surface tensionand conductivity measurements. For the investigation of surface morphology scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) was used. It was concluded that surface treatment of carbon nanotubes wasnecessary for needleless electrospinning. Lower surface tensions were better for this process but theeffect of conductivity was not so significant
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.221.pdf
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  • 156
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    Testing and Modeling the Tensile Strength Behavior of Glass Fibers, Fiber Bundles and Fiber Mat (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper glass fibers, chopped roving pieces, and fiber mats were tested in case ofemulsion bonded glass fiber mat samples. Relationships between the tensile strength properties ofthe different structural levels of the fiber mats were studied and fiber bundles as structural elementsof fiber mats were modeled by idealized statistical fiber bundles developed by the Department ofPolymer Engineering, BUTE. The geometrical and mechanical measurements were carried out byimage processing methods and a computer aided tensile tester. The results proved that the modelingmethod gave a tool in understanding the failure behavior of the fiber mat samples and studying theeffect of the structural parameters. The applicability of the modeling method is demonstrated by thegood agreement with some measurements
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.227.pdf
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  • 157
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    A Complex Measuring and Evaluation System for Determination of Forming Limit Diagrams (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Forming limit curves are very important for the prediction of failure during sheet metalforming both in practical forming operations and particularly in numerical simulations. Thereliability of numerical simulations in sheet metal forming processes is strongly influenced by thereliability of forming limit curves. Therefore, both the theoretical aspects and the experimentaldetermination of the forming limit curves are challenging problems for scientific researchers andindustrial practitioners as well. There are various experimental techniques and mathematical modelsused to determine the forming limit curves. In spite of the standardization efforts made recently byseveral institutions world wide, there are still significant differences in determining the forminglimit curves. Recently, a new, complex measuring system capable for the automatic determinationof FLCs was installed at the Department of Manufacturing Engineering. In this paper, first a shortoverview will be given on the theoretical background of FLCs, then the application of the complexmeasuring system will be shown
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.233.pdf
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  • 158
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    Investigation of the Microstructure and Hardness of SiC〈sub〉P〈/sub〉 Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to find a relationship between the parameters describing themicrostructural homogeneity of SiC particle reinforced Al metal matrix composites. The Al-SiCpowder mixtures having different particle size combinations were hot-pressed after careful mixing.The optical microscope images of the microstructures were processed by using an image analyzingprogram; the binary morphology was chosen for characterizing the SiC particle distribution
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.239.pdf
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  • 159
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    Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Alkyl-Phosphonate SAMs on Mica (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The layer formation of phosphonic acids on mica surface as a model system, fromaqueous and ethanol solutions has been investigated. The aggregation behavior (critical micelleconcentration, cmc) of molecules in the solution phase has been determined by surface tensionmeasurements in order to select the appropriate concentration for the layer formation experiments.Layer formation of self-assembling molecules of alkyl-phosphonic acids has been followed byatomic force microscopy (AFM). Nucleation, growth and coalescence of densely packed islands ofphosphonates from ethanol solution have been recorded on mica surface. The structure of islandsdepends on the length of alkyl-chains. Self-assembly of phosphonates has been also observed fromaqueous solution, as presented by octyl-phosphonic acid (OcPA). The height of OcPA islands is1.46 ?? 0.22 nm, which is practically equal with the length of molecule (1.4 nm). This shows thatOcPA molecules form monolayer height domains on the mica surface
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.257.pdf
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  • 160
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    Hyperbolic Model Based Data Evaluation for Magnetic NDE Measurements (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a new data evaluation technique is presented for non-destructive magneticmeasurements. This method is based on the multiphase hyperbolic model of magnetization and it iscalled model based data evaluation (MBDE) technique. The MBDE method allows us to separatethe magnetic contribution of the magnetizing yoke from the measured magnetization curves.Therefore the determined magnetic properties of the tested sample are independent of theparameters of the applied magnetic yoke and the lift-off. The proposed method could become auseful tool in magnetic non-destructive evaluation (NDE)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.251.pdf
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  • 161
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    Decomposition of Magnetic Phases in Alloys (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we present a study of the separation of phases in multi-phase alloys. Theproposed technique is based on the hyperbolic model of magnetization. In this work the normalmagnetization curve of the model was fitted to the measured one. It is possible to decompose themagnetic phases of alloys and determine their magnetic properties separately by using thedetermined model parameters. Experimental verification was carried out on a transformer like setup,constructed from layered samples. The samples were constructed from elements of stronglydifferent magnetic properties. The results given by the model are in an excellent agreement with theexperimental results, giving justification for the proposed method of decomposition. The proposedmethod could become a vital tool in magnetic investigations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.245.pdf
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  • 162
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    The Examination of Weld Line Properties in Injection Molded PP Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper focuses on the effect of different fiber content on the mechanical properties ofspecimens with and without weld lines. The effect of three different melt temperatures and holdingpressures were also investigated. For the experiments dumbbell shaped standard tensile specimenswith and without weld lines were injection molded from PP (TVK’s H116F homopolymer) andshort glass fiber (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 wt%). The mechanical properties of these composites weredetermined by quasi-static (standard tensile testing) and dynamic (Charpy impact test) testingmethods and the corresponding weld line factors were calculated. The fracture surfaces wereanalyzed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the results of the tensile andCharpy-impact tests, it was ascertained that the temperatures and the holding pressures duringinjection molding did not affect the tensile and impact properties, but fiber length had a majorimpact on the mechanical properties of this specific composite. By increasing the fiber content, thetensile strength increased until a peak and declined after. Whereas the impact resistance decreasedby the increasing fiber content in the whole examination window. Comparing the weld lined andweld line free specimens, it was concluded that weld lines did significantly decrease the tensilestrength and impact properties due to the unfavorable fiber orientation beside the weld line whichwas visualized by scanning electron microscopy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.263.pdf
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  • 163
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    Preparation of MWCNT/Carbon Fabric Reinforced Hybrid Nanocomposite and Examination of its Mechanical Properties (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In our work we have prepared carbon fiber/epoxy composite and carbon fiber/carbonnanotube/epoxy hybrid nanocomposite laminates by hand laminating assisted by vacuumbagtechnology. During the production of the specimens we have encountered the viscosity increasingeffect of nanotube filling, which we characterized by a viscosity test. The results of the test showed,that in the lowest shear rate range carbon nanotube filling can cause an increase of viscosity bythree orders of magnitude, but also at higher shear rates the viscosity of the nanotube filled epoxyresin was ten times the viscosity of the unfilled resin. Mechanical properties of the composite andhybrid composite have been compared by tensile, bending and interlaminar shear tests. During thetensile tests AE signals have also been recorded. The fracture surfaces have been examined by SEMmicrographs. The nanotube filling has decreased the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticityby 7-8 percent presumably indirectly, the bending properties didn’t change noticeably, but theinterlaminar shear strength of the composite has increased by 15 percent thanks to nanotube fillingof the matrix. The decrease of the delamination inclination of the hybrid composite has beenaffirmed both by the AE and SEM results
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.269.pdf
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  • 164
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    Investigation of Time-Dependent Behavior of Starch-Based, Injection Molded Biodegradable Polymer (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nowadays as a result of the increasing environmental friendly consciousness and thedecreasing oil reserves, natural origin based materials are developed. These materials are not onlybased on renewable, natural resources, but capable of biodegradation in compost. Thesebiodegradable polymers (biopolymers) can be inserted into the nature’s recycling process. One ofthe most important biopolymers is starch. Starch can be processed like a thermoplastic material byadding plasticizers, creating the so called thermoplastic starch. However the price of starch is ratherlow, it has certain drawbacks retarding its wide industrial usage. It is sensitive to moisture, disruptsin pure water, has low mechanical properties, and in time it ages. This ageing or time-dependentbehavior was analyzed with injection molded tensile specimens. The shrinkage and mechanicalproperties of the specimens were determined as a function of ageing time. The fracture surface wasanalyzed by scanning electron microscope. The results of the measurements were compared withprevious examinations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.281.pdf
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  • 165
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    A New Technique for Characterization of Residual Stresses in Glass Surfaces: Scratch Test Completed with Image Analysis (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Residual stresses significantly influence the strength and lifetime of the glass products,therefore their qualification and quantification during production is basically important forevaluating their probable reliability in application. The current paper aims at introducing a novelprocedure of the suggested automatic glass quality test based on instrumented scratch testcompleted with computer aided image analysis. A special emphasis is put on the problem of limitedreproducibility and reliability of the image processing, arisen in the first stage of the research work.The latest results consisting in the development of a new algorithm, providing a more reliableevaluation of the test data will be described
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.275.pdf
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  • 166
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    Evaluation of Microgravity Heat Conductivity Measurements with FLUENT System (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microgravity experiments were executed to measure the convection free, pure heatconductivity and heat diffusivity parameters in molten metals. The application of well knownnumerical methods to evaluate the data collected under low gravity conditions was only partiallysuccessful. None of the methods (Crank-Nicolson, error function fitting or simple FEM model)could be used over the whole measured temperature range. The purpose of this work was toalleviate the previously experienced problems by using a commercially available finite valuemethod package on high performance computers, to simulate the coupled thermal and fluidmechanical model in order to accurately determine the heat transport properties of Ga, Sn-Bi, Snand Zn melts, and by incorporating device geometry data, compare the results to the values gatheredfrom short time microgravity experiments
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.287.pdf
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  • 167
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    Transformation of Temperature and Time Diagrams Constructed by Different Time Intervals Applying the Newton Formula (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This document explains and demonstrates two simple approximation methods based onthe Newton formula. The first method makes possible the transformation of whole temperature-timeinterval diagrams into temperature-time diagrams to help the comparison of the diagrams. Thesecond shows a way how
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.299.pdf
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  • 168
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    Equations and Verification of New Diffusion Parameters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This document shows the equations and some calculation results of two new Diffusionparameters. The Diffusion parameters assist the calculation of different temperature or time valuesfor equivalent diffusion processes. The Diffusion parameters include temperature dependent andtemperature independent factors. The document shows that the introduced Diffusion parameter issuitable for the accurate calculations of the temperature and time values for equal simple diffusionprocesses. The document shows, that the frequently used Larson-Miller parameter (LMP) does notgive accurate results if we use the temperature and time values of equal simple diffusion equationsfor the LMP calculations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.293.pdf
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  • 169
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    Computer Aided Measuring of Textile-Mechanical Parameters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 311-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new equipment for measuring the draping characteristics of static cloth is presented inthe paper. In contrast with Kawabata Evaluation System 3D geometrical data of the sample arecaptured from photo images. Based on a mathematical reconstruction of geometry, and drapecoefficients and mechanical parameters are evaluated upon the geometrical model. The computercontrolled equipment moves a round table positioned in the centre providing the natural pleating offabric for the measuring. The core part of the equipment is a computer moved frame. The sample isscanned by laser-beams. Lasers light the cross section curves of the sample on different levels.There are four cameras on the frame taking the pictures of cross section curves in different levels.3D geometry is reconstructed upon the pictures.A mass, spring and damping element system is the basis of the cloth simulator. Springs are assumedto be linear, while damps are proportional to the velocity. The physics engine running the simulatorcalculates vertex positions at a time based on interaction forces with neighbouring vertices,including stretch, bend and shear forces. Collision of the cloth model with the model of theunderlying object is performed and handled in each time step.To evaluate the influence of the individual parameters, a series of simulations was performed. Forthe real cloth samples, a range of cross-section curves is captured, digitalized and interpolated byFourier series. The same Fourier coefficients are determined for the cloth model as a function ofsimulation parameters. The actual simulation parameters are defined by the minimum of thedifference between the modelled and the measured geometry
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.311.pdf
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  • 170
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    A Two-Dimensional Cellular Automaton Simulation for the Description of the Austenitization in Hypoeutectoid and Eutectoid Fe-C Steels (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The following two-dimensional model describes the process of isothermal austenitizationin the hypoeutectoid and eutectoid unalloyed steels. The initial lamellar structure of simulations issimilar to the real structures. The interlamellar spacing – and at the same time the thickness oflamellas – can be changed arbitrarily and some lamellas can be cracked. The process of nucleusformation is described by a model of free enthalpy basis that makes a difference between thelocations of nucleus formation in accordance with their free enthalpy. The nucleus growth isdescribed by the numerical solution calculated by the Fick II. diffusion equation by using theCellular Automaton method in the course of the simulations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.317.pdf
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  • 171
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    The Effect of a Rotating Magnetic Field on the Solidification of A356 Alloy Modified by Strontium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The A356 alloy, which consists of 100-200 ppm modifier, namely strontium was examined.The samples were solidified unidirectionally, and each sample had a pair which was solidifiedin a rotating magnetic field. The microstructure of the samples: morphology and the fraction ofeutectic silicon was studied. The morphology of eutectic Si was very different in the samples - thesamples solidified at different movement velocities – so it was necessary to determine the quantityof strontium. Magnetic stirring changes both the strontium content and the extent of modification.This paper describes the investigation methods and the effects of strontium modification
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.305.pdf
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  • 172
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    Some Problems in Modelling of the Fast Deformation of Metals (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 335-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have developed a technological and mathematical model for the fast deformation ofmetals, which, as a result of the non-linear nature of the process, is equally suitable for thedescription of stable (continuous or periodic) and also chaotic states. In the case of stable solutions,the various numerical methods generally give consistent results, but in chaotic cases significantdifferences can be observed in the space of state characteristics, especially within the rangedetermined by the strange attractor
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.335.pdf
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  • 173
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    Analysis of Mechanical Behaviour of Tendon Implant by Using Numerical Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The structural improvement of tendon implant is running in frame of a research project atour department for 3 years. The main goal is to improve a tendon implant construction which has atensile stiffness similar to the sound tendon. The tendon implant developed on such way thatimplant should be able to take over the functions of a sound tendon. To reach this goal firstly themeasurement results of tensile stiffness of cadaver tendons were evaluated. The tensile tests ofcadaver tendons happened in earlier phase of this research. Beside the aim of enhance the tensilestiffness of the implant was a second request that we need to change the place of maximalmechanical stress from end of implant to inside of the implant. To enhance the mechanicalbehaviour (tensile stiffness) of implant the type of matrix material along longitudinal and radialdirections as well as the length of the fibre in the silicone implant were modified.Improvement of construction was performed by numerical simulation using ANSYS. At first weprepared 2D and 3D geometry models on which the tensile analysis was evaluated. Improvement ofthe construction was supported by a concentrated spring model also which helped us to check theresultant stiffness of the construction. It was successful to increase the stiffness of the originalimplant with fibre reinforcing. We reached with the new construction (with one reinforcing fibre)almost half of an average cadaver tendon’s tensile stiffness
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.329.pdf
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    Calculation of the Liquidus Curves of CaO-Al〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 Phase Diagram by ESTPHAD Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Using the ESTPHAD (Estimation of Phase Diagrams) method, the liquidus and soliduscurves in the equilibrium phase diagram can be created by thermodynamic based equations. Bythese determined equations, the liquidus or solidus temperatures as a function of concentration canbe calculated with the required precision. The main advantages of the ESTPHAD method are asfollows: the parameters of functions can be calculated simply, it gives a precise result and thecalculation time is short.This paper shows the reconstruction of the liquidus curves of the CaO-Al2O3 phase diagram (0-60wt% Al2O3 range) by using the ESTPHAD method on the basis of the measured data. Thedivergences between the measured and calculated (ESTPHAD) data are less than the givenmeasurement error (±10 K)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.323.pdf
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  • 175
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    Wettability of Carbon Surfaces by Molten Alkali Chloride Mixtures (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 355-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The wettability of graphite and glassy carbon surfaces by molten alkali chlorides wasmeasured by the sessile drop method. Pure NaCl, KCl and CsCl, binary NaCl-CsCl and NaCl-KCland ternary NaCl-KCl-CsCl compositions were measured. CsCl was found to be an interfaciallyactive component (at the solid/liquid interface) in both binary NaCl-CsCl and ternary NaCl-KCl-CsCl systems. From the composition dependence of the interfacial energy in the NaCl-CsCl systemthe hypothesis is made on the possibility of the existence of 3[ 4 ] Cs NaCl complex
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.355.pdf
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  • 176
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    Failure Analysis Methods in Electronics Assembly Technology (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to describe a failure analysis methodology applicable to revealthe root causes of electronic assembly failures. The most relevant properties of the appliedtechniques, i.e. optical microscopy, X-ray microstructure analysis, SEM (scanning electronmicroscopy) combined with EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analysis, are given. Threerecent failure analysis case studies are also presented. In case of a burnt component the microwireand the leadframe formed AlCu intermetallic compound in the length of several millimeters. Thelow joint strength of gullwing leads were deduced back to paste printing and wetting problems. Thefracture surface morphology of a joint broken on the field showed different structure from the onesbroken at room temperature. It was revealed that SnPb solder fracture surface is different at roomtemperature and above 100°C
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.349.pdf
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  • 177
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    On the Classification of 3D Periodic Polyhedral Cellular Systems (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In several fields of materials science space-filling polyhedral systems are generally usedfor modeling and characterizing the microstructure of polycrystalline and cellular materials. In thispaper a simple quantitative method designated to classify 3D triply periodic, space-filling, cellularsystems is outlined. The concept of the proposed method is based on the known analogy betweenthe combinatorial structure of 3D space-filling polyhedral systems and of 4D polytopes. Forclassification purposes various topological shape indices are defined and tested. It is demonstratedthat using two appropriately selected shape factors (asymmetry and compactness coefficients) aglobal combinatorial classification of cellular systems can be performed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.341.pdf
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  • 178
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    Electropolishing of Coronary Stents (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Produce of coronary stents demands advanced precision. In the present study, electropolishingwas performed on stainless steel slotted tube coronary stents made by laser cutting. Thesurface quality of stents has a significant influence on biocompatibility, therefore the optimalmethod for electropolishing were explored. Additionally, acid pickling as the pretreatment of electropolishingwas also conducted. Pickling was necessary prior to electropolishing for decreasingroughness of the cutting zone and for removing the oxide films covering the stent surface. An optimalcondition for electropolishing could also be established and it caused a smooth stent surface.Material removal (weight loss and strut width change) in the process of both pickling and electropolishingwas investigated. Furthermore, material characterization of the stents was determined bymeans of composition analysis, metallographic characterization and microstructural analysis
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.367.pdf
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  • 179
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    Optimization of the Flame-Spraying Process and Improvement of Properties of a NiCrBSi Coating by Heat Treatment (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes a study of adhesion strength of wear and corrosion resistant NiCrBSicoatings produced under different flame-spraying conditions on mild steel with 0.08 % carbon.Flame-sprayed coatings often show weak bonding strength to the substrate concerned; therefore,usability of a machine component treated in this way is limited only in case of lower mechanicalloads on flame-spray coated parts, and at the same time it is subjected to wear and chemicalinfluences. In order to measure adhesive strength of coatings, the standardized tensile adhesive test(TAT) was used. A Taguchi method was used to perform experiments and analyse results to findthe most favourable combination of spraying parameters, i.e. surface roughness, preheattemperature, spraying distance, and type of oxy-acetylene flame, to provide a high-quality adhesivestrenght with the substrate. Subsequent heat treatment of the NiCrBSi coating showed significantadhesion strength increase and improvement of microstructural properties
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.373.pdf
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  • 180
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    Investigation of Drug Eluting Stents (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The clinical results of drug eluting stents [DESs] depend on the type of the coating, thecoating technology and the dosage and efficiency of the drug. The current study shows ourexaminations on drug eluting stents. Different types of commercially available coronary stents wereinvestigated. Various methods were used for these experiments, for example optical microscopy,confocal fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis. The propertiescharacterizing applicability of drug eluting stents and the changing of the coatings during expansionare shown
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.361.pdf
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  • 181
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    Surface Analysis after Shot Peening Processing of ENAW 7075 Aluminium (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shot peening has been a very important and well-known surface cold-hardening process applicableto various machine parts and tool surfaces for quite a long time since it improves fatigue strengthand corrosion resistance of stressed surfaces. Hardening by shot peening provides, because ofplastic deformation, an increase in hardness and induces compressive residual stresses in the thinsurface layer, which reduces material fatigue and prevents the generation and propagation of cracks.The present paper reports of results of shot peening hardening of specimens made of 7075-T651aluminium. They were surface-hardened by steel shots M170 with Almen hardening intensity of 8Aand 12A respectively and by glass beads GP165 with Almen hardening intensity of 12A. The steelshots and glass beads had the same diameter but differed considerably in hardness and density. Thesurface condition after shot peening processing was assessed in terms of surface integrity, whichestablishes a relation between processing conditions and roughness state and hardened-layer depthsupported by an analysis of residual-stress variations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.385.pdf
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  • 182
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    Laser Shock Processing of ENAW 6082 Aluminium Alloy Surface (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper treats results of laser shock processing applied to a precipitationhardenedENAW 6082-T651 aluminium alloy. Processing was performed with a Nd:YLF-yttriumlithium fluoride crystal laser with power densities of 2 and 4 GW/cm2, producing a pulse of 18 ns.Laser shock processing experiments were performed with the closed ablation method, theapplication of an ablative coating and a transparent tamping medium to obtain a higher shock-wavepressure. In the first phase, the surface study focused on the record of surface profile with aroughness gauge and on an evaluation of surface topography at a scanning electron microscope. Inthe second phase, residual stresses were measured using the relaxation hole-drilling method at aprocessed specimen surface. Then followed measurement of microhardness in the cross section. Thehardening results obtained were evaluated on the basis of variations of residual stresses and ofmicrohardness, and of macro and microstructural changes of the surface, i.e. the surface layer. Thepurpose of processing was to improve fatigue strenght and, consequently, extend the life of amachine component in operation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.379.pdf
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  • 183
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    Solid-State Transformation Produced by Laser Treatment and Mechanical Alloying of Fe-Ni-Cu(P) Powders (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The comparison of the phase transformations going on due to high energy ball milling (HEBM) andproduced by pressure-less Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS developed by EOS company) wascarried out, by using an α-Fe, Ni and Cu3P powder mixture. It could be shown by X-raydiffractograms (XRD) of the two type of products, that by mechanical alloying a similar phasetransformation occurs due to solid state reactions between the metal partners as in the case of lasersintering, in a given range of laser scanning speed in a laboratory laser equipment. According to theXRD evaluation the same metastable, γ-steel like phases were formed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.391.pdf
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  • 184
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    The Influence of High-Energy Ball Milling Parameters on the Traditional W-Type Ba-Hexaferrite Properties (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The main task of our work was to study the influence of high energy ball milling on the process ofW-type hexaferrite material production and to compare the structural, morphological and magneticfeatures of the different manufacturing ways. The products are analyzed mainly by XRD, SEM andTEM methods. It was shown that high energy ball milling can be used to enhance the synthesis ofW-type Ba-hexaferrite due to the much smaller crystallite sizes and their larger surfaces that areproduced by the milling process and due to the activation of these surfaces
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.397.pdf
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  • 185
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    Developments in the Field of Rapid Prototype Production (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 421-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Characteristics of 3D printed specimens are porous structure and low mechanicalstrength. Due to porous structure post treatment is possible, and in most cases infiltration with anepoxy resin, wax or cyanoacrylate material takes place. As a result of post treatment, themechanical strength can be increased by 100%, although this is strongly influenced by theinfiltration depth that depends on the porous structure and the resin viscosity. In the framework ofthe common research of the Department of Polymer Engineering, BME and Varinex Zrt. theapplicability of a 3D printer is examined in the field of direct tool making. As the first step, theresin uptake ability of specimens prepared with a Z810 3D printer is examined
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.421.pdf
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  • 186
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    Paintability of Traditional and Chromium(VI)-Free Conversion Layers on Galvanized Steels (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 415-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Continuous hot dip galvanized steel samples have been treated with traditionalchromium(VI)-containing passivator and environment friendly rare-earth metal containing ceriumsaltand lanthanum-salt based solutions using different immersion times. The treated surfaces havebeen examined by scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyser.After the pre-treatment the samples have been spray-painted with epoxy-based organic paint. Theadhesion was tested with bending and cross-cut test. Thereafter salt spray test was performed onduplex systems. After 48 hours samples have been taken out from the corrosion chamber in order toperform electrochemical impedance measurements for 24 hours. Based on the results the mostpromising passivation among the chromium(VI)-free solutions has been found to be the cerium-saltbased treatment. The adhesion of the organic coating was better on cerium-chloride treated substratethan on chromated one, while the anti corrosion properties of the two duplex systems werecomparable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.415.pdf
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  • 187
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    Preparation of Si〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Composites with Single Wall Carbon Nanotube and Exfoliated Graphite (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicon nitride based composites with 3wt% of single wall carbon nanotubes andexfoliated graphite have been prepared. Optimisation of the manufacturing processes has beenconducted to preserve the carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite in composites and to avoiddamaging during high temperature processing. The first results show that carbon nanotubes andexfoliated graphite have a good contact to the surface of silicon nitride grains. In the case ofincrease of sintering pressure an increase of bending strength was achieved. It was found thatmicrostructure features achieved by properly designed sintering parameters are the main responsiblefactors for the strength improvements
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.409.pdf
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  • 188
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    Tribological Behaviour of C-Derived Si〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Nanocomposites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 403-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The main topic of the current work consists in analysing the tribological behaviour ofgraphite reinforced Si3N4 nanocomposites. The basic aim was to investigate the influence ofmicrostructural features, i.e. amount and grain size of the added reinforcing graphite, as well as theeffect of applied load on the wearing characteristics like wearing profile, wear rate, frictioncoefficient or mechanism of the wear damage process. Tribological tests were performed on a pinon-disc tribometer with on-line measurement of friction coefficient and the wear profile. Wear testswere completed with traditional micro-hardness and instrumented hardness tests, furthermorefractographical analyses of the wear tracks using scanning electron microscopy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.403.pdf
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  • 189
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    Laser Cutting of High Precision Tubes (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 427-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper gives an overview of the laser cutting equipment developed for stent cutting:Nd:YAG, fiber and water-jet guided lasers; work piece positioning systems and different materialsfor stent manufacturing were presented. The side effects of laser cutting like oxide layer, heat affectedzone and dross deposition were examined. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser cutting of AISI 304L typeaustenitic stainless steel high precision tube with 1,800 mm diameter and 0,117 mm wall thicknesswas performed. The relationship between the average power and kerf was characterised
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.427.pdf
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  • 190
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    The Investigation of Thin Protecting Layers on Roughened Galvanized Steel Surfaces Produced by Different Coating Methods (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 433-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Protective, chromate substitute thin layers on roughened galvanized surfaces produced at OCAS(Arcelor, Belgium) were characterized and compared using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM+EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Nanoindentation and X-ray PhotoemissionSpectroscopy (XPS). EDX maps, line scans and point analyses obtained at various places of thesurfaces have shown differences between the CVD and silane nanolayers in the matter of thicknessdistribution and composition. At cross-section specimens the thickness of the layers could beshown. The hardness differences caused by layer thickness variations are hard to follow bynanoindentation as the penetration depth of the indenter is much larger than the thickness of thecoatings. XPS measurements can distinguish between the chemical states of silicon in CVD andsilane coatings
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.433.pdf
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  • 191
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    Investigation of Plasticizing Admixtures Used in Hungarian Building Industry (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There is no doubt that concrete makes a massive contribution to sustaining the quality oflife. Properties of concrete can be expediently modified by adding special chemical materials calledadmixtures. Admixtures for concrete are now widely accepted as materials that contribute to theproduction of durable and cost-effective concrete structures [1]. Plasticizing admixtures reducewater needed to achieve a given workability of the fresh mix. This main effect can be utilized inthree ways: increased strength, increased workability, or economies in mix design [2].In this research work effect of type and dosage of different plasticizing admixtures available inHungary were investigated in detail. Standard test methods such as flow table test, compressive test,and shrinkage test were applied to obtain effectiveness of the admixtures. Results were comparedwith the requirements of the harmonized admixture standard MSZ EN 934-2:2002
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.439.pdf
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  • 192
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    Investigation of Performance of Superplasticizing Admixtures Used in Hungarian Building Industry (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 589 (June 2008), p. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Concrete is the strongest candidate to be the most important construction material of the21st century. This can be ensured by the continuous research and development of new materials andtechnologies regarding concrete construction. Properties of concrete can be expediently modified byadding special chemical materials called admixtures.In this research work effect of type and dosage of different superplasticizing admixturesavailable in Hungary were investigated in detail. Standard test methods such as flow table test andcompressive test were applied to obtain effectiveness of the admixtures. Regarding theexaminations done in the course of the research, we refer to the regulations of the EU harmonizedadmixture standard currently valid in Hungary MSZ EN 934-2:2002. In connection to that we willprecisely quote the requirements specified in the standard regarding superplasticizers and will alsomention the main differences compared to the plasticizer additives. Types, properties and use ofsuperplasticizers are introduced in detail, too. Experimental results are evaluated to rate theefficiency in compliance with the requirements of the standard
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.589.445.pdf
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  • 193
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    Visible Light-Emitting Diodes - The Formative Years (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 1-16 
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    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A brief history of visible light-emitting diodes (LED's) is given, from the firstexperimental observations of H.J.Round in 1907 to the mid-1970's when red and green emitterswere in extensive production. Early investigations were empirical. This was changed with theinvention of the transistor in 1947 by the demonstration of minority carrier injection at a forwardbiasedjunction, followed by recombination. In 1952 the discovery of the semiconducting behaviourof III-V compounds introduced a new range of materials. Gallium nitride seemed attractive for lightemission and was investigated at Philips and RCA laboratories but at the time proved to be toodifficult for practical use. Gallium phosphide emerged as the most promising material and groups toinvestigate it were set up at SERL in England, Philips Central Research Laboratories in Germanyand Bell Telephone Laboratories in the USA. Zinc and oxygen doping gave red emission. AtPhilips, the emphasis was on efficiencies. At SERL the emphasis was on reproducibility formanufacturable devices and when the conditions for zinc and oxygen doping were strictlycontrolled the world's first practical visible LED's were produced at the end of 1961. At BellTelephone Laboratories progress was initially slow but with the advent of liquid-phase epitaxialgrowth production of red emitters on the scale required became possible. The accidental discoveryof nitrogen doping of gallium phosphide at Bell led to the production of good green emitters. Untilthe end of the 1970's, gallium phosphide red and green emitters dominated the LED market.Subsequent developments to the present day are sketched in outline
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 194
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    Dislocation Networks Formed by Silicon Wafer Direct Bonding (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 57-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper reviews methods of hydrophobic wafer bonding. Hydrophobic surfaces areobtained by removing the oxide layer from the surfaces of crystalline silicon substrates. Bondingsuch surfaces causes the formation of a dislocation network in the interface. The structure of thedislocation network depends only on the misalignment (twist and tilt components). The differentdislocation structures are discussed.Because wafer bonding offers a method to the reproducible formation of such networks, differentapplications are possible
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.57.pdf
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    Dislocations in Silicon and D-Band Luminescence for Infrared Light Emitters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 29-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There is a growing demand for a silicon-based light emitters generating a light with awavelength in of 1.3-1.6 μm range, which can be integrated into silicon chips and used for in-chipopto-electronic interconnects. Among other possibilities, the D1 luminescence at about 1.55 m,caused by dislocations in Si, can be a suitable candidate for such in-chip light emitters. Here wepresent a brief review of today knowledge about electronic properties of dislocations in silicon anddislocation-related luminescence in connection with possible application of this luminescence forsilicon infrared light-emitting diodes (Si-LEDs)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.29.pdf
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  • 196
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    Perspective on the Development of III-Nitrides for Optical Emitters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 17-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This chapter serves as an introduction to the chapters on III-nitrides in this book. It givesa brief review of the development of relevant III-nitride materials for light emitters since the late1960´s, when single crystalline GaN layers grown on sapphire were first demonstrated. The firstwave of scientific work died out in the late 1970´s, since low-ohmic p-GaN could not be made atthe time. After another 10 years several important breakthroughs were made, using the technologyof metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Smooth thin epilayers could be made, and ways todope the materials n-type as well as p-type were invented. In the period 1986-1997 high brightnessviolet and blue double heterostructure (DH) LEDs, narrow quantum well (QW) LEDs, and QWbased violet laser diodes with a long operating lifetime of 10000 hours were demonstrated, mainlyby Japanese groups. Since then the development efforts have spread worldwide, and a largespectrum of novel applications based on nitride emitters are already in practical use. Perhaps themost important one is the future possibility of using nitride LEDs for general lighting purposes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.17.pdf
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  • 197
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    Si- and SiGe-Based LEDs (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 79-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Single crystal Si, Si0.948Ge0.052 and Si0.66Ge0.34 diodes as well as Ge transistor structureswith high electroluminescence (EL) intensities in the region of interband transitions at roomtemperature were fabricated by different techniques and their luminescence properties were studied.By varying the Ge content in the solid solution, one can control the wavelength at the emissionmaximum in the range of 1.1 - 1.8 μm. The integrated EL intensity varies by a factor of less thantwo in the temperature ranges of 80 - 500 and 80 - 300 K for Si and SiGe LEDs, respectively. SiLEDs can effectively operate, at least, up to ~200°C. The data analysis shows that recombinationinvolving excitons is the dominant mechanism of near-band-edge radiative recombination in all thelight-emitting structures at room temperature. Some of the structures have record values of ELintensity and/or quantum efficiency, so they can be used as effective light emitters in Sioptoelectronics. In particular, Si LEDs were designed with a small p-n junction area of 8x10-3 mm2and a radiation power of 0.3 mW. The record total emission power of 46 mW was achieved in solarcell LEDs with an emitting surface area of 3 сm2. The internal quantum efficiencies of 0.5% and0.3% were recorded in Si0.948Ge0.052 and Si0.66Ge0.34 LEDs at the wavelengths of 1.15 and 1.3 μm,respectively. Room temperature near-band-edge EL was first observed in Ge structures
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.79.pdf
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  • 198
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    Present Status of Deep UV Nitride Light Emitters (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 141-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ultraviolet light emitting diodes with emission wavelengths less than 400 nm have beendeveloped using the AlInGaN material system. Rapid progress in material growth, devicefabrication and packaging enabled demonstration of deep-UV light-emitting devices with emissionfrom 400 to 210 nm with varying efficiencies. For high aluminum alloy compositions needed forthe shorter wavelength devices, these materials border between having material properties likeconventional semiconductors and insulators, adding a degree of complexity to developing efficientlight emitting devices. This chapter provides a review of III-nitride based UV light emitting devicesincluding technical developments that allow for emission in the ultraviolet spectrum, and anoverview of their applications in optoelectronic systems
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.141.pdf
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  • 199
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    SOI-LEDs with Carrier Confinement (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 101-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) technology exhibits significant performance advantages overconventional bulk silicon technology in both electronics and optoelectronics. In this chapter wepresent an overview of recent applications on light emission from SOI materials. Particularly, in ourwork we used SOI technology to fabricate light emitting diodes (LEDs), which emit around1130 nm wavelength with an external quantum efficiency of 1.4 × 10−4 at room temperature(corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency close to 1 %). This is almost two orders ofmagnitude higher than reported earlier for SOI LEDs. This large improvement is due to three carrierconfinement mechanisms: geometrical effects, quantum-size effects, and electric field effects. Ourlateral p+/p/n+ structure is powered through two very thin silicon slabs adjacent to the p+/p and n+/pjunction. Such use of thin silicon films aims to reduce the p+ and n+ contact area and to confine theinjected carriers in the central lowly doped p-region. With this approach, we realized an efficientcompact infrared light source with high potential switching speed for on-chip integrationapplications
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.101.pdf
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  • 200
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    MOS Light Emitting Devices Based onRare-Earth Ion Implantation (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 590 (Aug. 2008), p. 117-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this article we will give an overview of our work devoted to Si-based light emissionwhich was done in the last years. Si-based light emitters were fabricated by ion implantation of rareearth elements into the oxide layer of a conventional MOS structure. Efficient electroluminescencewas obtained for the wavelength range from UV to the visible by using a transparent top electrodemade of indium-tin oxide. In the case of Tb-implantation the best devices reach an externalquantum efficiency of 16 % which corresponds to a power efficiency in the order of 0.3 %. Theproperties of the microstructure, the IV characteristics and the electroluminescence spectra wereevaluated. The electroluminescence was found to be caused by hot electron impact excitation ofrare earth ions, and the electric phenomena of charge transport, luminescence centre excitation,quenching and degradation are explained in detail
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.590.117.pdf
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