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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 210-223 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Invertebrate ; Tetracycline ; Growth ; Fibers ; Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La croissance de la carapace deStrongylocentrotus intermedius est étudiée à l'aide de la tétracycline. Des specimens de l'été ne présentent pas de fluorescence dans les plaques, sauf dans le système apical et les régions voisines. Un faisceau d'éléments fibreux, présentant une autofluorescence blanche laiteuse, est orienté perpendiculairement à chaque ligne de suture. Les spécimens de l'hiver ne présentent ces éléments qu'après décalcification des coupes. La croissance de chaque plaque, chez ces derniers s'effectue de la façon suivante: suture longitudinale » surface interne = mamelon et bosse du tubercule 〉 suture transversale 〉 surface externe de la base de l'épine dorsale 〉 surface externe de la plaque. La carapace adulte augmente de taille selon deux mécanismes de croissance: d'une part, par adjonction de nouvelles plaques au système apical et, d'autre part, par apposition sur des régions données de chaque plaque. Il apparait que des éléments fibreux sont intéressés par la croissance de la carapace et qu'un mécanisme différent de croissance s'observe dans les carapaces de l'été et de l'hiver. Le système apical semble se calcifier selon un mécanisme spécifique qui permet une formation active de plaques nouvelles pendant toute l'année.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Wachstum des Skeletes vonStrongylocentrotus intermedius wurde mit Hilfe von Tetracyclin untersucht. Bei Sommerexemplaren konnte die Tetracyclinfluorescenz in den Platten nicht beobachtet werden, außer im apicalen System und seiner anliegenden Umgebung. Eine Menge von fibrösen Elementen mit einer milchig-weißen Autofluorescenz war senkrecht zu jeder Nahtlinie angeordnet. Bei Winterexemplaren waren diese Elemente nur in demineralisierten Schnitten deutlich sichtbar. Der Wachstumsgradient jeder Platte war bei Winterexemplaren der folgende: Longitudinalnaht » innere Oberfläche = Terminalknopf und Hals der Tuberkel 〉 Latitudinalnaht 〉 Oberfläche der Basis des Stachels 〉 äußere Oberfläche der Platte selbst. Das ausgewachsene Skelet als Ganzes vergrößert seinen Umfang auf zwei Wachstumsarten, einerseits durch Zusatz von neuen Platten zum apikalen System, anderseits durch Zuwachs an bestimmten Stellen von jeder Platte. Die Resultate lassen vermuten, daß fibröse Elemente am Skeletwachstum beteiligt sind und daß der Mechanismus dieses Wachstums bei Sommer- und bei Winterexemplaren verschieden ist. Es wäre denkbar, daß das apikale System auf einen spezifischen Mechanismus der Verkalkung ansprechen würde, welcher eine aktive Bildung neuer Platten während des ganzen Jahres erlaubt.
    Notes: Abstract Growth of the test ofStrongylocentrotus intermedius was examined with the aid of tetracycline. In summer specimens, tetracycline fluorescence was not observable in the plates, except in the apical system and its adjacent area. An array of fibrous elements with a milky white autofluorescence was oriented perpendicularly to each suture line. In winter specimens the elements were evident only in demineralized sections. The growth gradient of each plate estimated on winter specimens was as follows: longitudinal sture » inner surface = mammelon and part of boss in tubercle 〉 latitudinal suture 〉 outer surface of base of spine shaft 〉 outer surface of plate itself. The mature test as a whole increases in size by two modes of growth, an addition of new plates to the apical system and an accretion on fixed sites of each plate. The results suggest that fibrous elements are involved in the test growth, and that there is a different mechanism of the test growth between summer and winter specimens. The apical system may be equipped with a specific mechanism of calcification which permits an active formation of new plates throughout the year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 101 (1969), S. 323-337 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vitreous body ; Hyalocytes ; Three-dimensional network ; Fibers ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vitreous body of the rat eye was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The freeze-dried specimens were either unfixed, freshly frozen or fixed and rinsed before being frozen. The vitreous body is surrounded by a coat of intercellular material covering a thin sheath of chiefly parallel fibers. The latter forms the base for a regularly organized three-dimensional network of fibers. The interfibrillar spaces are filled with ground substance and also contain a few cells. The shape of the cells varies from bipolar to polyhedronal. Their interconnected processes are usually undivided. The functional importance of this complex regular organization of the fibers and cells in the vitreous body is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 7 (1968), S. 278-285 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Polyamides ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High molecular weight poly-β-amides with fiber-forming properties (repeating unit—NH—CR2—CR2—CO—) differ from the polyamides of the nylon series in that the amide groups are much more closely spaced. These polymers are thus the nearest of the synthetic polyamides to natural silk. The production of poly-β-amides was made possible by a recent synthesis of β-lactams from olefins and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The anionic polymerization of the β-lactams gives poly-β-amides containing up to 10 000 monomer units in the chain. The molecular weight can be controlled as desired by means of initiators and chain terminators, and the properties can be varied within wide limits by the choice of the β-lactam or by copolymerization of several β-lactams. Remarkable differences are observed between polymers containing structural units in the threo form and those containing erythro structural units. The poly-β-amides can be spun into fibers having valuable textile properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Free radicals ; Polyamides ; Fibers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The formation of free radicals during the process of drawing of spun fibers was observed for the first time with two polyoxamides. The fibers turn red, and an ESR signal can be detected. Both, color and ESR absorption are not permanent. The decrease in the intensity of the ESR absorption and the change in the optical reflectance with time, as well as the dependence of the decoloration on temperature were investigated. The action of high-energy radiation on the polyoxamides also leads to a red coloration and gives rise to ESR signals. It is concluded that the red color is due to free radicals associated with the oxamido group.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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