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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (11)
  • Electronic Resource  (11)
  • Chemistry  (8)
  • Macroscopic anatomy  (3)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (11)
Material
  • Electronic Resource  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 10 (1988), S. 121-135 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Lymphatic system ; Cancer ; Macroscopic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une étude détaillée du drainage lymphatique du pancréas a été effectuée afin de poser les bases théoriques d'un curage lymphatique idéal dans la chirurgie d'exérèse du cancer. Une dissection minutieuse des lymphatiques a permis d'obtenir le résultat suivant. Trois voies de drainage principales ont été identifiées: la voie supérieure appartient à la chaîne hépatique commune, les voies moyenne et inférieure rejoignent le groupe ganglionnaire mésentérique supérieur. Tous ces drainages se terminent dans un nœud lymphatique situé à droite de l'origine du tronc cœliaque et de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Les lymphatiques provenant du col du pancréas convergent également vers le même nœud. Derrière celui-ci existe un autre lymphonœud où se terminent les lymphatiques provenant de la face postérieure de la tête. Ces 2 nœuds adhèrent intimement l'un à l'autre, séparés seulement par le plexus nerveux de la tête du pancréas. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé pour ces nœuds les termes de lymphonœud cœliaco-mésentérique droit superficiel et profond. Deux voies de drainage distinctes ont été identifiées au niveau de la moitié gauche du pancréas. L'une longe les vaisseaux spléniques et l'autre accompagne l'artère pancréatique inférieure. Par ces 2 voies différentes les lymphatiques de la moitié gauche du pancréas se terminent dans un nœud situé à gauche de l'origine du tronc cœliaque et de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Nous l'avons appelé le lymphonœud cœliaco-mésentérique gauche. A partir de ces relais lymphatiques situés de part et d'autre de l'origine des deux artères, des vaisseaux efférents se dirigent vers les nœuds juxta-aortiques: du côté droit, les lymphatiques efférents rejoignent les nœuds inter-aortico-veineux situés au-dessus et en dessous de l'abouchement de la veine rénale gauche dans la veine cave inférieure; du côté gauche ils rejoignent les nœuds latéro-aortiques gauches situés au-dessus et en dessous de la veine rénale gauche; à partir de ces relais les voies efférentes rejoignent l'espace rétro-aortique où elles forment un courant lymphatique ascendant. Notre travail n'a pas permis de découvrir des vaisseaux lymphatiques communiquant avec le système rétro-aortique au-dessus du niveau des artères rénales.
    Notes: Summary A detailed study of the lymphatics around the pancreas was carried out in order to provide a theoretic basis for ideal lymph-node resection in radical cancer operations. The following results were obtained as a result of minute macroscopic dissection of the lymphatics. Three major pathways are identified on the anterior surface of the head of the pancreas. The upper pathway belongs to the common hepatic group. The middle and lower routes are associated with the superior mesenteric nodal group. All these pathways terminate in the node situated to the right of the origins of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. The lymphatics arising from the neck of the pancreas also converge at the same node. Behind this node, there is a terminal node for the lymphatics which arise from the posterior surface of the head. Both nodes are firmly adherent, with only the nerve plexus of the head of the pancreas intervening. In this study, we have named these lymph-nodes Lnn celiacomesenterici dextri superficialis et profundi. Two distinct pathways are identified in the left half of the pancreas. One follows the splenic blood vessels and the other accompanies the inferior pancreatic artery. By way of these routes, lymphatics from the left half of the pancreas terminate in the node situated to the left of the origins of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. We have applied the term Ln celiacomesentericus sinister to this node. From these lymphatic terminalis on both sides of the origins of the two arteries, efferent vessels are sent to the abdominoaortic nodes: on the right side, efferents reach the inter-aorticovenous nodes lying in the upper and lower angles formed by the inferior vena cava and the left renal vein; and on the left side, they arrive at the left latero-aortic nodes lying above and below the left renal vein. The efferents of these nodes then extend to the retro-aortic space, where they compose an ascending lymphatic system. Our study revealed no lymphatic vessels communicating with the retro-aortic system at levels above the renal arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 17-22 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lateral and posterior ligaments of the rectum ; Middle rectal vessels ; Pelvic splanchnic nerves ; Rectosacral fascia ; Macroscopic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La dissection de 83 hémibassins provenant de 45 cadavres a été réalisée pour préciser la structure du ligament latéral du rectum et du fascia recto sacré. L'artère rectale moyenne (ARM) a été observée seulement sur 18 specimens (22,2 %). Le ligament latéral du rectum a été divisé en portion latérale et médiale, en fonction des rapports topographiques avec le plexus pelvien. La partie latérale présente une portion antérosupérieure contenant l'ARM et une portion postéro-inférieure contenant les nerfs splanchniques pelviens (NSP). Ces deux composants (ARM et NSP) contribuent à la formation de la partie médiale bien que les vaisseaux rectaux moyens ne soient pas toujours présents. La partie médiale répond aux branches rectales du plexus pelvien et à leurs tissus conjonctifs environnants. Le fascia sacro-rectal est formé de tissu conjonctif dense, tendu de la paroi postérieure du rectum aux 3e et 4e vertèbres sacrées. Les principaux composants de ce fascia sont les branches latérales et médiales des vaisseaux sacrés et les nerfs splanchniques sacrés arrivant directement des ganglions sympathiques sacrés.
    Notes: Summary Detailed dissections were performed on 83 pelvic halves from 45 cadavers in order to obtain more accurate data on the composition of the lateral ligament of the rectum and the rectosacral fascia. The middle rectal artery was observed in only 18 out of 81 spcimens (22.2%). The lateral ligament of the rectum was divided into lateral and medial portions, according to the positional relationship to the pelvic plexus. The lateral part consisted of a superoanterior and an inferoposterior subdivision. The main component of the former was the middle rectal artery, while the pelvic splanchnic nerves were contained in the latter. Both components can be considered to contribute to the formation of the medial part, although the middle rectal vessels were not always present. The medial part consisted of the rectal branches from the pelvic plexus and their connective tissue. The rectosacral fascia was formed by dense connective tissue between the posterior wall of the rectum and the third and fourth sacral vertebrae. The main components of the fascia were branches of the lateral and median sacral vessels and the sacral splanchnic nerves which arose directly from the sacral sympathetic ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 13 (1991), S. 89-104 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Lymphatic system ; Carcinoma ; Macroscopic anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé A partir de la dissection fine des lymphatiques de la vésicule effectuée sur 4 sujets adultes, trois voies de drainages ont pu être schématisées. 1) La voie cholécysto-rétro pancréatique qui peut être considérée comme la principale, comporte deux trajets, l'un descendant en spirale de la face antérieure de la voie biliaire principale vers son bord postéro-droit, et l'autre descendant directement à la face postérieure du conduit biliaire. Dans leur segment rétroportal, ces voies convergent vers un important nœud lymphatique qui apparaît comme le principal nœud terminal de cette voie. Nous l'avons dénommé le nœud principal rétroportal. 2) La voie cholécysto-cœliaque est utilisée par quelques lymphatiques de la vésicule biliaire qui se dirigent vers la gauche à travers le ligament hépato-duodénal pour rejoindre les nœuds cœliaques. 3) La voie cholécysto-mésentérique est empruntée par des lymphatiques qui descendent vers la gauche en avant de la veine porte et rejoignant les nœuds situés à l'origine de l'artère mésentérique supérieure. Ces trois voies convergent vers les nœuds lymphatiques abdomino-aortiques situés à proximité de la veine rénale gauche; les nœuds situés dans l'espace inter-aortico-cave seront particulièrement importants.
    Notes: Summary Based upon the detailed dissections of the lymphatic system of four adult cadavers, the lymphatic drainage of the gallbladder was divided into three pathways. 1) The cholecysto-retropancreatic pathway, which can be regarded as the main pathway, had two routes, one running spirally and posteriorly from the anterior surface of the common bile duct to the right, and the other running almost straight down from the posterior surface of the common bile duct. At the retroportal segment, these routes converged at a large lymph node, which appeared critical as the main terminal lymph node of this pathway. We designated this node the principal retroportal node. 2) The cholecysto-celiac pathway was the route by which some of the lymphatics from the gallbladder ran to the left through the hepatoduodenal ligament to reach the celiac nodes. 3) The cholecysto-mesenteric pathway was the route by which some of the lymphatics ran to the left in front of the portal vein and connected with the nodes at the superior mesenteric root. These three pathways converged with the abdomino-aortic lymph nodes near the left renal vein; in particular, the nodes in the interaortico-caval space were considered important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conformation and packing scheme for guanosine-3′, 5′-cytidine monophosphate, GpC, were computed by minimizing the classical potential energy. The lowest energy conformation of the isolated molecule had dihedral angles in the range of helical RNA's and the sugar pucker was C3′ endo. This was used as the starting conformation in a packing search over orientation space, the dihedral angles being flexible in this step also. The packing search was restricted by constraints from our x-ray data, namely, (1) the dimensions of the monoclinic unit cell and its pseudo-C2 symmetry (the real space group is P21), (2) the location of the phosphorous atom, and (3) the orientation of the bases. In addition, a geometric function was devised to impose Watson-Crick base pairing. Thus, a trial structure could be sought without explicit inclusion of intermolecular potentials. An interactive computer graphics system was used for visualizing the calculated structures.The packing searches yielded two lowest energy schemes in which the molecules had the same conformation (similar to double-helical RNA) but different orientations within the unit cell. One of these was refined by standard x-ray methods to a discrepancy index of 14.4% in the C2 pseudocell. This served as the starting structure for the subsequent refinement in the real P21 cell.5
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structural features of calcium guanosine-3′,5′-cytidine monophosphate (GpC) have been elucidated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecule was crystallized in space group P21 with cell constants of a = 21.224 Å, b = 34.207 Å, c = 9.327 Å, and β = 90.527°, Z = 8. The hydration of the crystal is 21% by weight with 72 water molecules in the unit cell. The four GpC molecules in the asymmetric unit occur as two Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonded dimers related by a pseudo-C face centering. Each dimer consists of two independent GpC molecules whose bases are hydrogen bonded to each other in the traditional Watson-Crick fashion. Each dimer possesses a pseudo twofold axis broken by a calcium ion and associated solvent.The four molecules are conformationally similar to helical RNA, but are not identical to it or to each other. Instead, values of conformational angles reflect the intrinsic flexibility of the molecule within the range of basic helical conformations. All eight bases are anti, sugars are all C3′-endo, and the C4′-C5′ bond rotations are gauche-gauche. The R factor is 12.6% for 2918 observed reflections at 1.2-Å resolution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26 (1988), S. 2839-2847 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In Auger electron spectroscopy, the relative sensitivities of elements, which are widely used in quantitative analysis, are primarily obtained by measurement. Nevertheless, it is very tedious to collect all relative elemental sensitivity factors for different primary electron beam energies. In view of this, we have examined methods of deriving the relative sensitivity factor for an arbitrary electron beam energy from one experimental value determined at a set energy. For this calculation, we have to consider the contributions of the ionization cross-section and the electron backscattering factor. Several formulas for the ionization cross-section and the backscattering correction factor have been reported. We have performed experiments to examine their correction accuracy. It was found that when Gryziński's formula is used as the ionization cross-section and Love-Scott's formula as the backscattering correction factor, the difference between calculated sensitivity values and measured values was found to be 〈15% for excitation energies of 〈20 keV.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 46 (1995), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The previous theory of the global motion dynamics of stiff-chain polymers in multicomponent systems has been modified by a refined treatment of the jamming effect on the longitudinal diffusion of polymer chains along their end-to-end axis to derive a new equation for zero-shear viscosity, which depends on the longitudinal diffusion coefficients through the lifetimes of entanglements between similar as well as dissimilar polymers. Along with this theoretical study, experimental data forzero-shearviscosity of quasi-ternary solutions containing two stiff-chain polymers with different lengths were obtained. They were well described by the viscosity equation obtained, with only the similarity ratio(s) inherent to the respective polymer-solvent system(s) as adjustable parameter(s).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 327-333 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The results of studies on bending properties of three-layer long fiber polypropylene composites are presented. Thirteen samples with glass fibers of various lengths (i.e., 13, 25, 50 mm and continuous fiber length) in the laminates were prepared by stamping. Bending properties of shorter lengths exhibited a large scatter. On substitution of the middle layer with a continuous glass fiber the scatter was reduced. These results have been explained on the basis of flow models and X-ray shadowgraphs, which showed that both slippage flow and orientation of the glass fiber during stamping are the major phenomena responsible for the scatter.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 393-400 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of die design on the flow characteristics of compression molded three-layer long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite, known as “stampable sheet,” was investigated. The flow behavior of each layer was observed by optical and soft X-ray photographs. The fiber flow length into the rib part was measured by an image processing system. The results showed that during compression resin exudation occurred and that this depended on the die's rib width. Thus, the larger the rib width, the lower the amount of resin exuded. Resin exudation was found to occur earlier in a die with zero fillet radius. The fiber flow length into the rib part was enhanced by using a die with a large fillet radius. The results were confirmed by a short-shot molding process. In this process, the stamping operation was stopped short of making a complete part.A finite element method was used to study the flow process. The results agree with the experimental results confirmed by short-shot molding.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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