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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1993  (8)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
Material
Years
  • 1990-1994  (8)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of high vacuum and ultra-high-vacuum tantalum diffusion barrier performance against copper penetration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 300-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that depositing Ta diffusion barriers under ultra-high vacuum conditions without in situ oxygen dosing allows for variations both in microstructure and in the concentration of chemical impurities that severely degrade barrier performance. The effects of deposition pressure, in situ oxygen dosing at interfaces, hydrogen and oxygen contamination, and microstructure on diffusion barrier performance to Cu diffusion for electron-beam deposited Ta are presented. 20 nm of Ta diffusion barrier followed by a 150 nm Cu conductor were deposited under ultra-high vacuum (UHV, deposition pressure of 1×10−9 to 5 ×10−8 Torr) and high vacuum (HV, deposition pressure of 1×10−7 to 5×10−6 Torr) conditions onto 〈100〉 Si. In situ resistance furnace measurements, Auger compositional depth profiling, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and forward recoil detection along with scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to determine the electrical, chemical, and structural changes that occurred in thin-film Ta diffusion barriers upon annealing. Undosed HV deposited Ta barriers failed from 560 to 630 °C, while undosed UHV barriers failed from 310 to 630 °C. For UHV Ta barriers, in situ oxygen dosing during deposition at the Cu/Ta interface increased the failure temperatures by 30–250 °C and decreased the range of failure temperatures to 570–630 °C. Undosed UHV Ta barriers have no systematic relationship between failure temperature and deposition pressure, although correlations between breakdown temperature, oxygen and hydrogen concentrations, and microstructural variations were measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353904
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stresses and morphological instabilities in silicide/polycrystalline Si layered structures (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2637-2639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of stress in silicide/polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) layered structures has been monitored in situ in the temperature range of 25–700 °C. At elevated temperatures, the silicide/poly-Si structure becomes morphologically unstable. The grain growth of poly-Si leads to an inversion of the positions of the two layers. The in situ stress measurement shows that this structural degradation is accompanied by a substantial increase in tensile stress of around 0.4 GPa, for NiSi, Pd2Si, and PtSi. A simple calculation indicates that the magnitude of the stress increase can be accounted for, at least to a large extend, by the volume contraction caused by the grain growth of poly-Si.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109270
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective isotopic enrichment of synthetic RNA: Application to the HIV-1 TAR element (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00053a002
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin microflora of atopic eczema in first time hospital attenders (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 18 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The bacterial flora of the skin was assessed quantitatively in 50 children with eczema, aged 6 months to 14 years, referred to the hospital for the first time. Twenty non-atopic controls with an unrelated non-infective disorder were also studied. Cotton-tipped swabs and contact agar discs were taken from the worst affected area of eczema and from an uninvolved site in patients and from the forearm in controls. Swabs were also taken from the nose, axilla and groin in all children.Bacterial colonization of the skin was consistently more common and greater in amount from patients compared with controls. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated from patients only; from the worst affected area of eczema in 74% of patients and from an uninvolved skin site in 30% of patients. Quantitative assessment showed that the density of colonization was proportional to the severity of eczema. The most common S. aureus phage group was group II accounting for 32% of strains. Resistance to penicillin was present in 88% of strains and to two or more antibiotics in 38% of strains. No relationship was noted between the pattern of resistance and phage group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb02202.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lichen planus pemphigoides in a child—immunopathological findings (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 18 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lichen planus pemphigoides is a rare immuno-bullous disorder which usually affects adults. It is extremely uncommon in children. Previous cases have been described in a 10-year-old girl1 and in two 16-year-old adolescents.2,3 A case of lichen planus pemphigoides in an 11-year-old Afro-Caribbean boy is reported and the immunopathological findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb01029.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray structure and13C NMR assignments of indole alkaloids fromAspidosperma cruenta (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 23 (1993), S. 1005-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The leaf tissue ofAspidosperma cruenta was studied for alkaloid content. Two alkaloids were isolated and shown by a combination of MS, X-ray, and high field NMR analysis to be obscurinervine and obscurinervidine. X-ray analysis of obscurinervine provided the first quantitative structural information on this compound. Obscurinervine (C25H30N2O5) crystallized in the monoclinic space groupP21 with unit cell parametersa=12.863(3)Å,b=9.646(2)Å,c=18.484(3)Å,β=105.14(5)°,V=2213.8(8)Å3,D c =1.316 Mg/m3, andZ=4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined toR=0.054 for 3468 observed reflections. The 2D INADEQUATE NMR experiment provided the first13C chemical shift assignments for obscurinervine. Nineteen of the 2313C-13C connections present were detected. Corresponding13C assignments for obscurinervidine were made by comparison to the spectrum of obscurinervine. The average natural concentrations of the alkaloids were determined to be 0.780% (obscurinervine) and 0.737% (obscurinervidine) by HPLC analysis. Obscurinervine was tested for antiviral and cytotoxic effects. Noin vitro activity was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01185552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of abscisic acid application on root isoflavonoid concentration and nodulation of wild-type and nodulation-mutant soybean plants (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 153 (1993), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: abscisic acid ; Glycine max ; HPLC ; isoflavonoids ; nodulation mutants ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Isoflavonoids (daidzein, genistein, and coumestrol) are involved in induction of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and may be involved in nodule development as well. Abscisic acid (ABA) may also impact nodulation since ABA is reportedly involved in isoflavonoid synthesis. The current study was conducted to evaluate whether ABA plays a role in differential nodulation of a hypernodulated soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) mutant and the Williams parent. Exogenous ABA application resulted in a decrease in nodule number and weight in both lines. Isoflavonoid concentrations were also markedly decreased in response to ABA application in both inoculated and noninoculated soybean roots. The inoculation treatment itself resulted in a marked increase in isoflavonoid concentrations of NOD1-3, regardless of ABA levels, while only slight increases occurred in Williams. The nodule numbers of both soybean lines across several ABA concentration treatments were highly correlated with the concentration of all three isoflavonoids. However, differences in internal levels of ABA between lines were not detected when grown in the absence of external ABA additions. It is concluded that differential nodule expression between the wild type and the hypernodulated mutant is not likely due to differential ABA synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010552
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion enhancement of rubbery and ductile polyolefin coatings on glass fibers for epoxy composites and effects on failure mechanism (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 487-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dilute polyolefin solutions, respectively based on EPDM and UHMWPE, were reacted with functionalized silanes to prepare coatings for glass fibers. These were found to provide adequate bonding characteristics for both glass and epoxy resin (bisphenol type). Unidirectional composites containing fiber matrix interlayers, using fibers coated with the aforementioned functionalized polyolefins, were found to exhibit much larger tanδ values over the temperature range of 60 to +60°C and greater ductility in flexural tests, albeit at the expense of a reduction in failure stresses. The UHMWPE coatings produced a multiple step fracture mechanism, which was deemed to provide a more efficient crack stopping mechanism than equivalent EPDM coated fibers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470309
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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