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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2001  (4)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
Material
Years
  • 2000-2004  (4)
  • 1980-1984
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low resistance magnetic tunnel junctions and their interface structures (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7558-7560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effects of interface structure and oxidation state were studied in stacked magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures with top and bottom antiferromagnetic layers to obtain optimum resistance and high tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios for read heads. The roughness of the NiFe surface and the Al coverage were significantly improved by introduction of O2 surfactant gas on the Ta-seed-layer surface, which increased TMR ratios of the MTJ with low resistance area (RA) products of less than 10 Ω μm2. Furthermore, it was found that avoidance of Ni oxidation and Co oxidation at the tunnel barrier interface is essential to obtaining high TMR ratios, and that a good Al coverage and Fe–oxide formation may enhance TMR ratios when Fe-rich magnetic materials are used. For the top-type and bottom-type structures, a TMR ratio of 12%–17% with RA products of 6–7 Ω μm2 was obtained, which provides sufficient performance for read heads. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361054
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tenderization of Heated Sliced Beef by Succinylated Glycerol Monostearate, a Novel Meat Tenderizer (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Succinylated glycerol monostearate (SGMS) was most effective in reducing shear-force value when used as a surfactant to tenderize meat using sheep casings as a model of intramuscular connective tissue. Roasted beef slices that had been treated with 2% granular SGMS showed a marked decrease in toughness due to the penetration of SGMS along the perimysium during heating. Collagen fibrils in the perimysium were transformed into a sheet-like structure that seemed very likely to be a complex of SGMS and thermally denatured collagen. These structural changes could account for the tenderness of the roasted beef slices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb04596.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective immunity of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg, against experimental viral nervous necrosis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This paper describes the protective immune responses of sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg, immunized with live piscine nodavirus, the causative agent of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), or the Escherichia coli– expressed recombinant coat protein. Nodavirus-neutralizing antibodies were detected at titres ranging from 1:158 to 1:1257 in serum of sevenband grouper which survived intramuscular injection with the virus, by a cell culture assay system. The virus-neutralizing ability of immune serum was also confirmed by injecting virus previously treated with serum into fish. This indicates establishment of acquired immunity in survivors and thus explains why survivors from natural infection are resistant to recurrence of the disease. Young sevenband grouper were immunized twice by intramuscular injections with the recombinant coat protein. Immunized fish produced neutralizing antibodies at high titres for at least 110 days and showed significantly lower mortalities in virus challenge tests. These results suggest the potential for vaccination against VNN in sevenband grouper, which is susceptible to piscine nodavirus at all life-stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00259.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined cell-culture and RT–PCR method for rapid detection of piscine nodaviruses (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A rapid method to detect piscine nodaviruses, the causal agents of viral nervous necrosis (VNN), at low virus levels is described. The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) technique required 104–105 TCID50 for detection of four strains representing different genotypes of piscine nodavirus: striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV), redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus (TPNNV) and barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus (BFNNV). All the genotypic variants were isolated at the lowest titre (100 TCID50) by the E-11 cell line, a clone derived from the SSN-1 cell line, but it took approximately 10 days until the cytopathic effect (CPE) appeared in cells inoculated at low virus levels. When the virus was inoculated at various concentrations in E-11 cells and incubated at 20 or 25 °C, cells inoculated previously with virus at a dose of 100 TCID50 became positive within 48 h incubation in the RT–PCR test. The present combined procedure of cell-culture and RT–PCR techniques will be useful as a rapid and convenient method to detect infective viral particles from asymptomatic carriers or samples with low virus levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2001.00291.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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