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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 7/γ/δTlymphocytes represent a minority of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. Although there have been reports of reactivity against (myco-) bacterial antigens and heat shock proteins, their function and antigen specificity remain ill defined. The biological role of γ/δ T cells has been related to functions within the ‘first line of defense’. Similar to γ/δ T lymphocytes in the T-cell compartment, CD5 positive B cells represent a small subset of B lymphocytes, which is thought to be involved in the maintenance of natural immunity and autoimmunity. We provide evidence for the cooperation of γ/δ T cells and CD5 positive B cells in the proliferative response of γ/δ T cells to bacterial antigens. Our data indicate a strong proliferation of Vγ9δ2 T cells in response to gram-negative bacteria, which is dependent upon the presence of CD5 positive B-CLL or activated normal B lymphocytes. The selective stimulation of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation by gram-negative bacteria is also confirmed by analysis of different γ/δ T-cell clones. The interaction of γ/δ T cells with activated B cells and gram-negative bacteria may prove to be a useful model similar to the expansion of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation during development. In addition, our in vitro system should provide new insights in the interaction of CLL B cells with the immune system and the antigens recognized by γ/δ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Latex dispersions ; Film formation ; 1H and 2H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ; Water in polymer films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The properties of polymer films prepared from latex dispersions are influenced by the drying or film formation process. In order to investigate this process, various systems of aqueous latex dispersions were dried until a specific solid content was reached. The samples investigated were based on vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate/ethylene and pure acrylics employing different surfactants and polyelectrolytes as stabilisers of the dispersions. The role of water in these partially dried films was investigated using 1H and 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Different types of water could be distinguished in the spectra. The drying latex films were found to contain interfacial external water, water at ionic and nonionic groups at surfactants in the polymer/water interface and also water inside the swollen polymer. These different types of water were examined separately using various NMR techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amalgam ; Lymphocytes ; Immune system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dental amalgam has been considered to have adverse side effects on the immune system. Reports have been contradictory, indicating both an increase and a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts associated with amalgam restorations. We investigated two groups of patients, one of which was treated with amalgam restorations for the first time. In the other group, all existing amalgam fillings were removed. Prior to and after treatment, we determined the absolute and relative numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, functional investigations of T cells were performed. We failed to find any effect of amalgam restorations on the immune system in terms of the parameters investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 61 (1990), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: T-cell leukemia ; γ/δ receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leukemic cells of a 20 year old patient, suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, were characterized by surface marker and functional analysis. A significant cell population within this type of leukemia expresses concomitantly the CD4 and CD8 antigen on the same cell and might represent a new differentiation stage of T-cells with the γ/δ receptor. The leukemic cells show a distinct pattern of growth response to mitogens and lymphokines, which might correlate to their differentiation stage. Moreover, a “natural killer”-like activity can be induced in these cells by IL-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 223 (Feb. 2002), p. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Ozone uptake ; Stomatal conductance ; Spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of air pollutants depends both on pollutant concentration and on stomatal conductance. This paper deals with the uptake of ozone (O3) from the air into the needles of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] under ambient climatic conditions. Regulation of O3 uptake by the stomata is shown and also the difference between the “physiologically active O3 concentration” and the O3 concentration of the ambient air. Data from the sun and shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. Analysis of data from three vegetation periods has shown that at low ambient O3 concentrations the O3 uptake is largely regulated by stomatal conductance. Water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere is the climatic factor which showed the highest positive correlation with O3 concentration. However, a high leaf-air VDP led to stomatal closure, thus reducing the O3 uptake in the needles despite high O3 concentrations in the ambient air. The potential O3 stress caused by high O3 concentrations can be strongly mitigated by this natural closing of the stomata and the simultaneous occurrence of moderate drought stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interferon-γ ; Hematopoiesis ; γ/δ ; γ/δ T cells ; Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently we described a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma expressing the γ/δ T-cell receptor [5]. The patient suffering from this lymphoma showed low numbers of myeloid and T cells in peripheral blood, while B and NK cells were relatively increased. In vitro culture of the patient's bone marrow (BM) cells revealed a significant suppression of myeloid/monocyte colony formation (GM-CFU) compared with normal controls. This was not due to infiltration of the BM with lymphoma cells. We speculated that a soluble factor either secreted or induced by the lymphoma cells might be responsible for the marked suppression of hematopoiesis in this patient. From a skin biopsy with infiltrating γ/δ T-lymphoma cells we established T-cell clones bearing the γ/δ T-cell receptor and resembling the phenotype of the lymphoma cells. The supernatant (SN) of these γ/δ T-cell clones reduced the number of colonies in a CFU-GM assay (using normal control BM) in comparison to SN of α/β T-cell clones established from the same biopsy. This suppression was seen mainly on day 7 of culture and was not neutralized by the addition of placenta-CM. The main mediator of this suppression seems to be IFN-γ,since it was detectable in high amounts in the SN of these γ/δ T-cell tumor clones as well as in the serum of the patient. In addition, anti-IFN-γ antibodies can reverse the T-cell SN-mediated suppression of CFU-GM. We conclude that high serum levels of interferon-γ, which is secreted in high amounts from γ/δ T-cells grown from a biopsy of a cutaneous lymphoma, can suppress hematopoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words B-cell ; Lymphocytosis ; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over the last 17 years, 83 cases of polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) have been published. This rare hematological disorder of unknown etiology is characterized by morphologically atypical lymphocytes, polyclonal immunoglobulin M production in association with smoking, female gender, and HLA-DR7 phenotype. We studied another male patient with PPBL. In contrast to normal B-cells, PPBL cells showed no response to interleukin-4 with regard to CD23 and human leukocyte antigen-DR expression. F2μ antibodies failed to co-stimulate interleukin-4-mediated CD23 expression. Crosslinking membrane immunoglobulin M receptors by F2μ resulted in elevated human leukocyte antigen-DR expression but did not induce in vitro proliferation of PPBL cells. This indicates a different activation and differentiation status than normal B-cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffizienz – chirurgische Alternativen zur Herztransplantation – komparativer Nutzen – Patientenselektion ; Key words Advanced heart failure – surgical alternatives to heart transplantation – comparative benefit – patient selection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A considerable number of patients with cardiovascular diseases suffer from advanced heart failure. Actuarial 6–12 month survival of such patients is reduced to 50–75%. Since introduction of triple immunosuppression including cyclosporine, azathioprine and corticosteroids heart transplantation has been established as treatment of choice for patients with advanced heart failure refractory to medical treatment. However, the increasing imbalance between demand and supply of suitable donor organs limits the number of patients for this therapeutic option and requires a more restrictive listing of patients for heart transplantation. During the last few years promising new conservativ and alternativ surgical therapies have been developed. The conservativ medical therapy was improved by application of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and anticongestive betablockers. Alternativ surgical therapies of advanced heart failure include high risk bypass surgery, high risk valve surgery, mechanical assist devices, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, partial left ventriculectomy, cardiomyoplasty and multisite-pacing. They serve as bridge to transplantation or medium- and long-term alternatives to heart transplantation. The therapeutic success is determined by adequate selection of patients for the respective therapy. This requires the implementation of risk scores on the basis of national and international registries of patients with advanced heart failure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die fortgeschrittene Herzinsuffiziens gewinnt mit einer Prävalenz von 0,1% eine zunehmende Bedeutung innerhalb des Patientenkollektivs mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Die 6- bis 12-Monats-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit ist mit 50–75% erheblich eingeschränkt. Seit der Einführung der Triple-Immunsuppression mit Cyclosporin, Azathioprin und Cortison galt die Herztransplantation als die Therapie der Wahl bei medikamentös therapierefraktärer Herzinsuffizienz. Das wachsende Mißverhältnis zwischen Angebot und Bedarf an geeigneten Spenderorganen limitiert jedoch die Zahl der Patienten, die transplantiert werden können, und erfordert eine restriktivere Listung zur Herztransplantation. In den zurückliegenden Jahren haben sich vielversprechende neue konservative und alternative chirurgische Therapieansätze entwickelt. Die konventionelle medikamentöse Therapie wurde verbessert durch den Einsatz von Angiotensin-Konversionsenzym-Hemmern und antikongestiv wirksamen Betablockern. Die chirurgische Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Herzinsuffizienz ist erweitert worden durch die Einführung von Hochrisiko-Bypassoperation, Hochrisiko-Klappenchirurgie, mechanische Assistenzherzen, implantierbare Cardioverter-Defibrillatoren, Ventrikelreduktionsplastik, Kardiomyoplastie und Multisite-Pacing. Diese Therapieoptionen werden entweder als Überbrückungsmaßnahme oder als mittel- und langfristige Alternativen zur Herztransplantation eingesetzt. Der Behandlungserfolg hängt entscheidend ab von der Selektion geeigneter Patienten für die jeweilige Therapie. Hierfür ist die Erstellung von Risikoscores auf der Basis nationaler und internationaler Patientenregister notwendig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 243-252 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry was carried out in retinae of goldfish, axolotl, clawed frog, cane toad, lizard, chick, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, cat and human. With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species. Photoreceptors were found to be labelled in the rat and human retina and only one cone type in rabbit. Photoreceptor pedicles and ellipsoids were stained in the goldfish and the somata and inner segments of some photoreceptors in axolotl. In the axolotl retina, besides neurons, Müller cells (MCs) were also immunolabelled. In the retina of the cane toad and the clawed frog MCs were the only stained elements. Similarly in other parts of the central nervous system of the cane toad, glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord were immunoreactive. In contrast, in the peripheral nervous system, neurons of the 1st sympathetic ganglion and the 2nd dorsal root ganglion were labelled. In double-labelling experiments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and NSE showed colocalisation both in the glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord and in MCs of the retina of the cane toad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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