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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1980-1984  (5)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (11)
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Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 48 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The histological structure of the gonads was studied in yellow eels sampled from a coastal lagoon and from stocks reared in an aquaculture plant showing different sex ratios. Gonad development related to body size rather than to age and underwent an intermediate stage characterized by a structure of an early testis but containing oogonia and oocytes. This gonad was called the Syrski organ and the stage juvenile ambisexual. Ovaries were found in eels from 22–30 cm in length, possibly derived from undifferentiated gonads or from Syrski organs. Fully differentiated testes were found in eels 〉35 cm, derived from Syrski organs. These observations support the results of previous research. From elvers and in eels up to 15–16 cm in length, growth of the gonadal primordium is due to primordial germ cell migration. In eels 〉 15 cm multiplication of primordial cells begins. Oogonial clones were found in eels 〉 18 cm in length, whilespermatogonium B clones were observed in eels 〉30 cm in length. The dynamics of sex differentiation was different among stocks with different ultimate sex ratios: ovaries were found in shorter eels in stocks with a prevalence of females, in longer eels in stocks with a prevalence of males. This result supports the hypothesis of a metagametic (environmental) sex determination. The somatic cells in contact with germ cells and those in the interstitium appeared early during gonad development and preceded germ cell differentiation. This suggests that somatic cells are the targets of the environmental factors influencing sex differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of sex steroids on sex differentiation in the European eel were studied. The steroids, 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE), were given in the diet to 6–8 cm elvers and to 15–18 cm and 22–25 cm yellow eels. In our rearing conditions a very large percentage of the untreated eels developed as males. No masculinizing effect of MT could be demonstrated. The EE, administered at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 of diet to 6–8 cm elvers and 15–18 cm eels, induced ovarian differentiation in about 90 and 65% of eels respectively, while in the control 〈5% of females was recorded. In 22–25 cm yellow eels a moderated feminizing effect was observed.Histological analysis of the gonads of treated eels showed that sex steroids affect the gonadal structure. The androgen stimulates hypertrophy of compact connective tissue, early differentiation of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and early formation of the spermatic duct. Oestrogen inhibits the differentiation of these structural components and stimulates the differentiation of follicular cells and an ovarian structure.The involvement of gonadal structural components is discussed in relation to the effect of steroid treatment and to the peculiarities of sex differentiation in the European eel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 24 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using histological sections, the gonads of samples of yellow and silver eels of two populations were examined. The populations were previously analysed for growth and sex ratio. The histological structures observed are similar to those described in previous publications for the European eel, Anguilla anguilla and to those indicated for the Pacific eel, A. japonica. Well differentiated gonads are present in the silver eels. In the yellow eels, ranging in age from 0 + to 2 + years and from a length of 20 cm to that at which they become silver, undif-ferentiated and both sex gonads are found. Histological evidence is presented which suggests that the ovary, found even in young and small eels, is completely differentiated at a very early stage. The testis-like gonad of the yellow eel is a more primitive, and possibly reversible, gonad which differentiates completely at the beginning of sexual maturation and the change to the silver phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 295 (1982), S. 128-130 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The 'classical' picture of the radial structure of Saturn's rings explains its narrow gaps and boundaries as the consequence of resonant perturbations with certain satellites, in particular, Mimas, Titan and lapetus. Thus, for example, the inner part of the prominent Cassini division lies at a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 306 (1982), S. 211-222 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Postaccelerated58Ni and60Ni beams from the Munich MP tandem have been used to study the compound reactions58Ni→93Nb,92Mo,94Mo and60Ni→92Mo. The final nuclei148Er,150Er and147Ho have been investigated with in-beamγ-spectroscopic methods, such as excitation functions,γγ coincidences, bunched-beam and pulsed-beam techniques. Level schemes of148Er,150Er and147Ho have been established with the following level energies, spins, parities and half-lives:148Er: 646.6 keV 2+; 1,524.0(4+); 2,254.3(5−); 2,526.9(6+); 2,537.3(7−), 2,706.0(7−, 8−); 2,784.4(8+); 2,915.5(10+) 13±3 μs150Er: 1,578.9 keV 2+; 1,786.4 3−; 2,261.2(5−); 2,634.1(7−); 2,734.3(8+); 2,798.3(10+) 2.7±0.2 us; 4,001.9; 4,491.8; 4,886.0; 5,222.7147Ho: 765.4; 1,737.2; 2,355; 2,656.6 The level scheme of150Er has been discussed in the framework of the seniority scheme. Perfect agreement with the experiment has been found for the predictions of this scheme for the half-lives of 10+ states inN=82 isotones. This is the first nuclear region where the predictions of the seniority scheme have been observed without strong perturbation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 11 (1955), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Very many observations of the structure of the chromosomes in various materials show, without exception, that the chromatids are coiled like springs. This spatial arrangements is of fundamental importance in processes of reproduction and changes in chromosomes (“internal mechanics” ofDarlington), but in many important particulars the opinions of cytologists differ. The comparative study of changes in chromosomes, especially during spermatogenesis and oögenesis, which are described here, permits us to give a general interpretation of the chromatid structure and of the spatial distribution of the chromatids in mitosis and meiosis. The chromatids should be constantly coiled in a “minor” spiral. The uncoiling of such spirals could be observed in some cases only, e.g., in nuclei of growing oöcytes. In this the chromomeres are visible. The chromomeres commonly described should be the coils of the “minor” spiral, distributed irregularly along the axis of the chromosomes, perhaps in relation to the distribution of true chromomeres and to the characteristics of the matrix. The constancy of the “minor” coil and the fact that chromatid reproduction takes place at the interphase, makes it very likely that in chromosomes with two or four chromatids there is always paranemic coil. The same spatial arrangement of the chromatids should have followed meiotic pairing. In most cases this type of structure is confirmed by the changes in the chromosomes, which precede the separation of the daughter chromosomes at meta-anaphase, and it is in better agreement with the mechanisms of chromosomes reproduction.
    Notes: Conclusioni Numerosissime osservazioni sulla struttura dei cromosomi in materiali diversissimi dimostrano concordemente che i cromatidi sono avvolti secondo un'elicoide. Questa disposizione spaziale ha un'importanza fondamentale nei processi di riproduzione e di trasformazione dei cromosomi («internal mechanics» diDarlington); ma, in molti particolari di importanza notevole, le opinioni dei citologi sono contrastanti. L'esame comparativo delle trasformazioni cromosomiche, sopratutto nella spermatogenesi e nell'oogenesi, che sono state qui esposte, ci permette di dare un'interpretazione generale sulla struttura cromatidica e sulla disposizione spaziale dei cromatidi nella mitosi e nella meiosi. I cromatidi sarebbero costantemente avvolti secondo un'elicoide «minor». Lo svolgimento di tale elicoide si osserverebbe soltanto in alcuni casi, ad es. nei nuclei degli oociti in accresimento. In questi sono visibili i veri cromomeri. I cromomeri comunemente descritti sarebbero invece giri dell'elicoide «minor», distribuiti irregolarmente lungo l'asse del cromosoma in relazione forse alla distribuzione dei veri cromomeri ed alle caratteristiche della matrice. La costanza dell'avvolgimento elicoidale «minor» ed il fatto che l'autoriproduzione cromatidica avviene nell'interfase, rendono molto verosimile che nei cromosomi a due o quattro cromatidi si formino sempre degli avvolgimenti paranemici. La stessa disposizione spaziale dei cromatidi si avrebbe in seguito all'appaiamento meiotico. Questo tipo di struttura nella maggior parte dei casi è confermato dalle trasformazioni cromosomiche, che precedono la separazione meta-anafasica dei cromosomi figli, ed è quella che probabilmente meglio concorda coi meccanismi di riproduzione cromosomica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 457-458 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Sono stati determinati 14 aminoacidi liberi nell'emolinfa: di cssi acido glutamico, glicina e prolina rappresentano insieme il 50% e più del contenuto totale. Le ninfe verdi contengono meno glicina e acido aspartico e più treonina e fenilalanina in confronto alle ninfe brune. Gli individui adulti mostrano in contenuto relativo di aminoacidi diverso dalle ninfe e fra i due sessi. Somministrazione di triptofano a ninfe brune non ha dato variazioni negli aminoacidi liberi, non aumento dell'aminoacido stesso, né presenza di prodotti del suo metabolismo nel sangue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Human gait ; Transcranial magnetic stimulation ; Motor cortex ; Leg flexor/extensor muscle ; Corticospinal input ; Visual control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to investigate visuomotor control during human gait. It was assumed that visual input should modulate transcranially evoked motor potentials (EMPs) during walking. The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a visually guided precision stepping task was compared with that during normal gait. EMPs were studied in tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GM), and abductor digiti minimi (AD) muscles during treadmill walking. In both stepping tasks, a facilitation of EMPs was observed prior to activation of the respective leg muscle. EMP facilitation proved to be modulated throughout the stride cycle when normalising EMP with respect to the underlying electromyogram (EMG). Facilitation was strongest in TA prior to the swing phase. Significant differences of EMP facilitation between the visual and control tasks were present. In the visual task, maximal facilitation of TA EMPs prior to and during the swing phase was decreased compared to the control task. Conversely, there was increased facilitation of GM EMPs during swing phase of the visual task, prior to the heel strike and prior to the plantarflexion, which was the moment when the target was hit. Thus, the effect of visual input upon EMPs in TA and GM was differential and reciprocal according to the respective functional state. The results support the hypothesis of a conditioning effect of visual or, alternatively volitional, drive on EMPs during stepping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol ; 5-HT ; Rats ; Drug discrimination ; Alcohol ; TFMPP ; mCPP ; RU 24969 ; CGS 12066B ; 8-OH DPAT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A drug discrimination procedure was used to characterize the ethanol-like effects of a variety of 5-HT1 agonists. Previous studies found that the degree of substitution of the 5-HT1B/2C agonist TFMPP (m-trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine) depended on the training dose of ethanol. The present studies extend this initial finding to four additional 5-HT agonists with different selectivity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, or 5-HT2C receptors: CGS 12066B (7-trifluoromethyl-4(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline maleate), mCPP [1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine diHCl], RU 24969 [5-methoxy-3(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl]-1H-indole succinate and 8-OH DPAT [(±)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin HBr]. Separate groups of rats were trained to discriminate 1.0 g/kg (n=7), 1.5 g/kg (n=6) or 2.0 g/kg (n=8) ethanol from water. Following training, three to five doses of each 5-HT agonist were tested twice in each rat. The most selective 5-HT1B agonist tested, CGS 12066B (3–17 mg/kg; IP), completely substituted for the 1.0 g/kg ethanol, but not for 1.5 or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Likewise, the 5-HT1B/2C agonist mCPP (0.56–1.7 mg/kg; IP) completely substituted only in the 1.0 g/kg ethanol training group. The 5-HT1A/1B agonist RU 24969 (0.1–3.0 mg/kg; IP) substituted for all training doses of ethanol, although in a lower proportion of the rats tested in the 2.0 g/kg ethanol training group. Finally, the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH DPAT (0.1–1.0 mg/kg; IP) did not substitute completely for any ethanol training dose. The results consistently show that agonists with 5-HT1B activity produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to low and intermediate, but not high, ethanol training doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 305 (1982), S. 297-306 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the course of systematic studies of very proton rich nuclei in theN≈82 region with Ni induced compound reactions, an unusually long-lived high spin isomer has been found. After in-and off-beamγ and conversion electron measurements, asγ excitation functions,γ andeγ coincidences, pulsed beam techniques and multi spectrum analyses of the residual activities, this isomer has been tentatively assigned to be a 10+ state in146Dy, which decays into two 7− states byE3 transitions. The half-life of the isomer has been measured to be 150±20ms. The isomer has been found to follow the β decay of the previously unknown 3.9 s isotope146Ho. The mechanism of the appearance of such an isomer is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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