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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (32)
  • 1995-1999  (23)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (32)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Van der Waals and capacitive forces in atomic force microscopies (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 5245-5248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this article we show that in the atomic force microscopy experiments performed on a metallic surface, there is always a long range electrostatic force in addition to the van der Waals forces. This capacitive force is due to the contact potential between the tip and the surface and exists even without external applied potential. We have calculated this capacitive force for a real geometry of the tip–sample system and compared it to the van der Waals force calculated for the same geometry. We conclude that the electrostatic force is always dominant for a tip–surface distance larger than half of the tip radius of curvature. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371506
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ measurement of large piezoelectric displacements in resonant atomic force microscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2848-2852 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In resonant atomic force microscopy (AFMR) the calibration of the tip–sample relative displacement remains a major problem. Commonly used PZT piezoceramics exhibit a nonlinear behavior response for large applied voltages. For low voltages applied to the piezoceramics (i.e., small corrugations), the calibration can be performed by measuring the height of known structures. For large displacements, the interferometric heterodyne detection used in the AFMR provides a relative tip–sample displacement up to 10 μm, without removing the piezo-tube from the microscope. From these measurements, it was established that the piezosensitivity is not a constant parameter. Its averaged value during an excursion depends linearly on the applied voltage. With this system, routine controls are very easy and an example is given of the displacement corrections related to the nonlinearity of the piezo-tube for the electrostatic interaction between the tip and a gold surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145566
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic forces between metallic tip and semiconductor surfaces (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3308-3314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic force microscopy used in the resonant mode is a powerful tool for measuring local surface properties: for example, the quantitative analysis of the electrical forces induced by the application of an electric field between a conductive microscope tip and a surface allows the determination of the tip/surface capacitance and the local surface work function. However, these quantitative analyses require knowledge of tip geometry. In this article, we show that the simple procedure of evaluating the tip curvature radius by fitting the variations of the electrostatic force with the tip-surface distance is not always adapted to the case where one of the tip-surface system elements is a semiconductor. However, particular experimental conditions are determined to overcome these difficulties. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358616
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiphoton polarization study of the Rydberg states of OCS in the 70 500–74 500 cm−1 energy region (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 6147-6153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polarization dependence of the (2+1) and (3+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of OCS have been investigated in the 70 500–74 500 cm−1 energy region. This region contains a complex system of bands arising from the excitation of the 4p Rydberg states. The symmetry of most of the observed bands have been unambiguously determined based on the intensity changes of the two and three photon resonant spectra using both linearly and circularly polarized light. These results generally confirm the assignments suggested in a previous study. New bands have also been observed and some new assignments are proposed. The vibrational frequencies ν1, ν2, and ν3 of the Rydberg states in that energy region are determined. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472474
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature normal-mode coupling in a semiconductor microcavity utilizing native-oxide AlAl/GaAs mirrors (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3031-3033 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A GaAs/AlAs microcavity containing six InGaAs quantum wells was grown, and the sample was then etched via chemically-assisted ion-beam etching to form 50-μm-diam cylindrical mesas. The formation of native oxides, accomplished by baking the samples at 400 °C in the presence of a pressurized N2/H2O vapor line, lowered the refractive index of the AlAs layers to 1.5. The higher refractive index contrast more effectively confined the intracavity field, leading to well-resolved reflectivity dips with an exciton-polariton splitting of 6.72 nm=9.44 meV at room temperature. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116829
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status Organizing Processes (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Sociology 6 (1980), S. 479-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-0572
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.06.080180.002403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental investigation of the nf Rydberg states of carbon disulfide (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 8866-8873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (2Πg3/2,1/2)nf Rydberg states of CS2 are investigated by means of (3+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy. The excitation spectrum of jet-cooled carbon disulfide has been obtained in the 74 000–81 000 cm−1 energy region. From the CS2+ mass selected REMPI spectra, the nf Rydberg series have been clearly identified and they have been found converging to the two spin–orbit components of the CS2+ (X 2Πg) ground state corresponding to the n=4–11 members. Comparison of the CS2+, CS+, S+ mass selected REMPI spectra gave a better insight of the competition between dissociation and ionization processes. The use of linearly and circularly polarized laser light, selection rules and quantum defect considerations have led to a preliminary analysis of the measured nf complexes. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475178
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent differences in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic sensitization between an eastern and a western German city (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies have found a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis and atopic sensitization among adults living in eastern than those living in western Germany. We hypothesize that prevalence rates were similar before Germany was divided and diverged after the division. Because there are no historical data comparing atopic status between the two parts of Germany, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the prevalence of atopy among persons who were born during different decades. As part of the EC Respiratory Health Survey, a respiratory health questionnaire was mailed to a population-based sample of 8363 subjects aged 20–44 years from a city in the former West Germany (Hamburg) and a city in the former East Germany (Erfurt). Of the target population. 6428 (77%) subjects responded. Subsamples of 731 subjects from Erfurt and 1159 subjects from Hamburg participated in medical examinations, including skin prick tests and specific IgE measurements. Prevalence rates of allergic sensitization were similar in Hamburg and Erfurt for those born in the periods 1946–51 and 1952–61. respectively, but differed between Hamburg and Erfurt subjects born in the period 1962–71. After adjustment for several potential predictors, the younger subjects from Hamburg had a higher odds ratio (OR) of sensitization than those Hamburg subjects born before 1952 (skin prick test reactivity: OR 2.06. any specific IgE 〉 0.35 kU/1: OR 1.61). The younger subjects from Erfurt were not more frequently sensitized than the older subjects (skin prick test reactivity: OR 1.05. any specific IgE 〉 0.35 kU/1: OR 0.79). No single allergen could be identified as responsible for the observed difference. We conclude that factors related to a “Western lifestyle”, which were prevalent in the West German city during the 1960s and i970s. may be responsible for the higher prevalence of allergic sensitization observed in Hamburg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03779.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approximations of Bayes decision problems: the epigraphical approach (1995)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 56 (1995), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Bayesian decisions ; epi-convergence ; integral functionals ; Monte Carlo importance sampling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Solving Bayesian decision problems usually requires approximation procedures, all leading to study the convergence of the approximating infima. This aspect is analysed in the context of epigraphical convergence of integral functionals, as minimal context for convergence of infima. The results, applied to the Monte Carlo importance sampling, give a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence of the approximations of Bayes decision problems and sufficient conditions for a large class of Bayesian statistical decision problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02031697
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The negative correlation between erythrocyte concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin or mean corpuscular volume in normal dogs (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 906-907 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In normal adult Beagle dogs red cell concentration decreased linearly with increasing mean red cell volume and mean red cell haemoglobin. The results are statistically significant (p〈0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01985707
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