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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial hyperreactivity and history of wheezing in children (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 682-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Children ; Asthma ; Wheezing ; Underdiagnosis Bronchial hyperreactivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      The objective of this analysis was to determine the relationship between wheezing at different age groups in children and the prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity at the age of 10. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Leipzig and the region around Halle in Germany. Of 3105 10-year-old children, 2658 questionnaires (85.6%) were returned. In addition 2279 (73.4%) pulmonary function tests were performed before and after cold air challenge. 658 children (24.8%) had recurrent wheezing during their lifetime. In 579 children the individual time course could be evaluated (46 children with and 533 without a physician-confirmed diagnosis of asthma). Wheezing began most frequently in the 1st year of life (44.1% of all wheezing children) with the highest annual prevalence in the 3rd year (71.0% of all wheezing children). Wheezing which started in the first 2 years of life, had disappeared in most of the children by the age of 10. However, if wheezing began later than the 3rd year it was more persisting. Bronchial hyperreactivity measured after cold air challenge was higher in the group with recurrent wheezing (24.1%) than in the group without wheezing (18.8%, P = 0.004). Conclusion     Wheezing is a very common symptom in childhood and only partly associated with later bronchial hyperreactivity. On the other hand, asthma is often not diagnosed despite bronchial hyperreactivity and many years of wheezing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050213
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single nucleotide polymorphism screening and association analysis – exclusion of integrin β7 and vitamin D receptor (chromosome 12q) as candidate genes for asthma (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The human genes coding for integrin β7 (ITGB7) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) are two of the several candidate genes for asthma and related phenotypes found in a promising candidate region on chromosome 12q that has been identified in multiple genomewide screens and candidate gene approaches.Methods All exons, including parts of the neighbouring introns, and the predicted promoter region of the ITGB7 gene were screened for common polymorphisms in 32 independent asthmatic and healthy probands, resulting in the detection of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) unknown so far. In addition to these SNPs, five already described SNPs of the ITGB7 and one in the human VDR gene were analysed in a Caucasian sib pair study of 176 families with at least two affected children, using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. All confirmed SNPs were tested for linkage/association with asthma and related traits (total serum IgE level, eosinophil cell count and slope of the dose–response curve after bronchial challenge).Results Two new variations in the ITGB7 gene were identified. The coding SNP in exon 4 causes a substitution of the amino acid GLU by VAL, whereas the other variation is non-coding (intron 3). None of the eight analysed SNPs, of either the ITGB7 or the VDR genes, showed significant linkage/association with asthma or related phenotypes in the family study.Conclusions These findings indicate that neither the human ITGB7 nor the VDR gene seem to be associated with the pathogenesis of asthma or the expression of related allergic phenotypes such as eosinophilia and changes in total IgE level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02047.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collaborative study on the genetics of asthma in Germany (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In several clinical centres in Germany (Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and others) a collaborative study on the genetics of asthma is being performed. It started at the beginning of 1995, when 100 nuclear families with two or more affected siblings were recruited. The participants are being characterized by interview information, methacholine challenge, peak flow variability, skin-prick test, total and specific IgE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00414.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADAM33 (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The ADAM33 gene has recently been associated with asthma and bronchial hyper-reactivity. It codes for a disintegrin and metalloproteinase that triggers intra- and extracellular signalling by protein shedding.Objective We examined whether polymorphisms in ADAM33 are associated with asthma and related traits in two German populations.Methods We genotyped 15 intragenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of allele-specific primer extension products. The transmission disequilibrium test was used for association analysis in the German asthma family study. Additionally, we tested for association of these SNPs in a case–control sample from the European Community Respiratory Health Study using Armitage's trend test.Results In both studies, we found SNPs that were significantly associated with asthma and related traits. In the family study, significant associations were observed for the SNPs F+1, ST+4 and ST+5 (with the lowest P-value for F+1, P=0.005). Remarkably, this association is seen even in the absence of linkage with two microsatellite markers from a previous genome scan either 3.1 million bases (Mb) up- or 5.6 Mb downstream. In the case–control study, SNP ST+7 (P=0.008) was significantly associated with asthma. Some of these SNPs overlapped with those found to be associated with elevated total IgE levels and bronchial hyper-responsiveness.Conclusion This study replicates the recently published association between asthma and ADAM33 gene variants. However, most of the associated SNPs were at non-identical positions in the German, UK and US samples. As linkage disequilibrium is high among the tested SNPs, and there is no known functional polymorphism, either not-tested variants in ADAM33, unknown regulatory elements or a gene in close proximity is responsible for this association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01846.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A retrospective collaboration on chromosome 5 by the International Consortium on Asthma Genetics (COAG) (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2001.01040.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Month of birth and allergic disease at the age of 10 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between month of birth and asthma, hay fever and skin sensitization to mixed grass pollen was analysed in a population-based cross-sectional study in Munich and Bavaria 1989–1990 of 6535 10-year-old children. The relative risk of developing atopic disease is calculated by comparing the prevalence in a single month with the prevalence of all other months. A slightly increased risk of developing allergic skin sensitization for grass pollen (n= 1128) was found for February (odds ratio, 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.0–1.6), May (1.4, 1.1–1.8) and June (1.3, 1.0–1.6). For hay fever (n= 379) an increase was found for May (1.5, 1.0–2.1) and for allergic asthma (n= 271) for August (1.4, 1.0–2.1). A protective effect was observed for certain months of birth; September for allergic sensitization (0.8, 0.6–1.0), October for asthma (0.6, 0.3–1.0) and November for hay fever (0.6, 0.3–0.9). The occurrence of hay fever and positive prick test is explained by the seasonal variation of atmospheric grass pollen and the peak in August of asthmatic patients by house dust. Date of birth appears therefore to slightly influence the risk of developing an allergic sensitization and allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03032.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal atopy and changes in parity (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopic women tend to have fewer children, although atopy may favour conception.Objective To assess whether atopy is associated with the number of new births and whether changes in parity are associated with a change in atopy in a cohort of young women.Methods Women had atopy (defined as the presence of serum-specific IgE against common aeroallergens) measured in the European Community Respiratory Health Study during the years 1991–92 (n=4580). About 9 years later, 2844 (62.1%) were recontacted and 2414 (52.7%) had atopy measured again.Results Atopic women had fewer children at baseline than non-atopic women but the association disappeared at the end of the follow-up. Atopy tended to increase parity during the follow-up, but in a non-statistically significant way (relative risk=1.08; 0.86–1.35, after adjusting for number of children at baseline, age, length of follow-up, education or social class). Prevalence of atopy during the follow-up changed by the same magnitude whatever the birth cohort and the change in the number of children (P for interaction 〉0.7).Conclusion Atopic women did not have a significantly higher fertility rate but they may postpone having their first child compared with non-atopic women. We are unable to confirm the hypothesis that atopy in women may decrease with successive pregnancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02300.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the increase in allergic asthma associated with an inborn Th1 maturation or with an environmental Th1 trigger defect? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The main reason for the asthma epidemic in industrialized countries is unknown. While childhood mortality from acute respiratory infection is still high in developing countries where asthma prevalence is low, there might be a suppressed natural selection in industrialized countries with a high asthma prevalence. Children with an inborn Th1 maturation defect might survive by better health care and antibiotic use at the cost of higher asthma and allergy rates. Another distinct group of children maybe represented by those having an environmental Th1 trigger deficit where the immune systems is not being sufficiently exposed in early life. Both, a Th1 maturation and a Th1 trigger defect may contribute to a dual Th1 allergy theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1398-9995.2003.00374.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal oral contraceptive use and atopic diseases in the offspring (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  This study examined the association of maternal oral contraceptive (OC) use – before and after birth – and atopic manifestations in the offspring.Methods:  A total of 2754 East German children aged 5–14 years participated in a cross-sectional survey in 1998–99. The standardized parental questionnaire in 1998–99 included data on atopic diseases, socio-economic factors, parental atopy and maternal OC use. Specific immunoglobulin E against common inhalant allergens was measured by radioallergosorbent test (RAST).Results:  Maternal OC use before birth was associated with a higher risk of atopic diseases in the offspring compared with children of mothers who had never taken OC [asthma: odds ratio (OR) 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9–3.0; allergic rhinitis: OR 1.5; CI: 0.96–2.2; atopic eczema: OR 2.6; CI: 1.6–4.3; atopic sensitization: OR 1.5; CI: 0.97–2.2]. However, the effect estimates for maternal OC use after birth compared with the never users showed quite similar effects for these atopic conditions. No relations were observed between the prevalences of atopic diseases and maternal age at beginning of OC use, the duration of OC use, the type of contraceptive or maternal age at birth.Conclusion:  This study raises doubts in a true biological association between OC use and atopic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00077.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genes, factor X, and allergens: what causes allergic diseases? (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Genetic disposition and allergen exposure play the main roles in the development of allergic diseases. Another factor that could be involved is the nutritional intake of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00193.x
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