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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1965-1969  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: implantation ; assessed ; gradings ; improve ; irregularities ; equivalent ; comparing ; categories ; ablation ; deteriorate declined ; effective
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. L'évolution de la rétinopathie après implantation hypophysaire d'yttrium radioactif a été suivie pendant 1 à 7 ans (moyenne 2 ans) chez 60 diabétiques et évaluée à partir de photographies de la rétine et de mesures de l'acuité visuelle. — 2. Le degré d'hypopituitarisme provoqué (par trois doses différentes d'yttrium90) a varié et a été estimé par des tests de la fonction thyroïdienne et surrénale, en trois degrés de destruction: «maximale», «intermédiaire» et «légère». — 3. Dans tout le groupe, alors que les exsudats, la rétinite proliférante et l'acuité visuelle ne se sont pas améliorés, les hémorragies et les micro-anévrysmes, les néo-vaisseaux et les irrégularités veineuses se sont améliorés au bout d'un an et ont continué à s'améliorer jusqu'au dernier contrôle. — 4. En comparant les résultats, soit après un an, soit au contrôle final, les effets de la destruction «maximale» ou «intermédiaire» de l'hypophyse se montrèrent équivalents, mais nettement supérieurs à ceux de la destruction «légère». En particulier les hémorragies et les microanévrysmes ont montré une amélioration égale après l'implantation, dans les trois catégories de destruction. Les néo-vaisseaux se sont améliorés également dans les catégories de destruction «maximale» et «intermédiaire», mais non dans la catégorie «légère». Les irrégularités veineuses se sont améliorées de manière perceptible seulement après la destruction «maximale». La rétinite proliférante s'est aggravée dans les trois catégories de destruction, bien que la destruction «maximale» fut plus efficace que la «légère» pour la prévention de nouvelles lésions. L'acuité visuelle a décliné seulement dans la catégorie «légère».
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 60 Patienten wurde der Verlauf der diabetischen Retinopathie nach Implantation von Yttrium90 1–7 Jahre lang (im Mittel 2 Jahre) verfolgt. Die Beurteilung wurde nach der Sehschärfenmessung und Photographien des Augenhintergrundes vorgenommen. — 2. Der Grad der therapeutisch erzeugten Hypophysenunterfunktion (durch 3 verschiedene Yttrium90 Dosen) war unterschiedlich. Durch Prüfung der Schilddrüsenund Nebennierenfunktion wurde der Grad der Schädigung als „maximal“, „mittel“ und „leicht“ eingestuft. — 3. Während sich bei der Gesamtgruppe die Exsudate, die Retinitis proliferans und die Sehschärfe nicht besserten, kam es zu einer Besserung der Blutungen und Mikroaneurysmen, der Gefäßneubildungen und Venenunregelmäßigkeiten nach einem Jahr. Diese Besserung nahm bis zu der letzten Nachuntersuchung noch zu. — 4. Beim Vergleich der Ergebnisse nach einem Jahr oder auch bei der letzten Untersuchung, schienen die Effekte der „maximalen“ und „mittleren“ Hypophysenschädigung gleich zu sein, doch waren sie deutlich ausgeprägter gegenüber der „leichten“ Schädigung. Im einzelnen betrachtet zeigten die Blutungen und Mikroaneurysmen nach der Implantation bei allen drei Gruppen die gleiche Besserung. Die Gefäßneubildungen besserten sich in der „maximalen“ und „mittleren“ Schädigungsgruppe gleich, jedoch nicht in der „leichten“ Gruppe. Die Venenunregelmäßigkeiten besserten sich erkennbar nur nach „maximaler“ Schädigung der Hypophyse. Die Retinitis proliferans verschlechterte sich in allen drei Gruppen, obwohl die „maximale“ Gruppe weniger neue Schäden erkennen ließ als die „leichte“. Die Sehschärfe nahm nur in der „leichten“ Gruppe weiter ab.
    Notes: Summary 1. The progress of the retinopathy after pituitary implantation has been followed for 1–7 years (mean 2 years) in 60 diabetic patients and assessed from gradings of the retinal photographs and visual acuity measurements. — 2. The degree of hypopituitarism induced (by three different yttrium90 dosages) had varied and has been assessed by tests of thyroid and adrenal function into three grades of ablation, “maximal”, “intermediate” and “slight”. — 3. In the whole group, while exudates, retinitis proliferans and visual acuity did not improve, haemorrhages and microaneurysms, new vessels and venous irregularities had improved after 1 year, and these continued improving up to the latest assessment. — 4. On comparing the outcome at either 1 year or the final assessment, the effects of “maximal” or “intermediate” pituitary ablation appeared equivalent, but clearly superior to “slight” ablation. In particular, haemorrhages and microaneurysms showed equal improvement postimplant in all three ablation categories. New vessels improved in the “maximal” and “intermediate” ablation categories equally, but not in the “slight” category. Venous irregularities improved discernibly only after “maximal” ablation. Retinitis proliferans deteriorated in all three ablation categories, although “maximal” was more effective than “slight” in preventing new lesions. Visual acuity declined only in the “slight” category.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; diabetic retinopathy ; retinal photography ; grading scheme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the methodology for 45
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-dependent diabetes ; diabetic retinopathy ; retinal photography ; grading scheme.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present the methodology for 45° retinal photography and detail the development, application and validation of a new system of 45° field grading standards for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy. The systems were developed for the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study, part of a European Community funded Concerted Action Programme into the epidemiology and prevention of diabetes (EURODIAB). Assessment of diabetic retinopathy was carried out centrally by a trained reader of colour retinal photographs using the newly-developed system. The system proved to be acceptably accurate, repeatable and relatively simple to apply. It compared well with the recognised ’gold standard' 7-field 30° stereo photography (assessed using a modified Airlie House classification scheme), against which the new system was validated in a series of 48 eyes. Selection was as a stratified random sample based on clinical retinopathy status: 5, no retinopathy; 25, non-proliferative retinopathy; 16, proliferative or photocoagulated; plus 2, eyes with potentially confounding lesions (vein occlusion). Simple presence of retinal lesions was correctly detected by both systems in 43 of the 48 eyes, giving 100 % agreement on detection. Both systems correctly identified the two known cases of confounding vein occlusion. In eyes with diabetic retinopathy (n = 41), when severity was expressed in three groups: mild background, moderate/severe background and proliferative/photocoagulated, at least one grader (out of five) using the new system matched the verified results in 38 out of 41 (93 %) eyes and three or more graders matched in 31 (76 %) eyes. Individually the five graders' 2-field allocations agreed well with the verified levels (median number of agreements 37, range 28–43). Repeatability was assessed by measures of within and between observer variation using randomly selected samples of 10 % (n = 252 eyes) and 5 % (n = 123 eyes) of the main study, respectively, expressed as a resultant kappa value for chance-corrected proportional agreement. Within observer assessment yielded a kappa of 0.85 and between observers a value of 0.83; indicating very good agreement for both measures. The method is particularly useful for large epidemiological studies, in which participating centres have a limited experience in retinal photography. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 437–444]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Advanced glycation end products ; diabetic retinopathy ; pericyte ; endothelial cell ; AGE-receptor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The toxic effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on bovine retinal capillary pericytes (BRP) and endothelial cells (BREC) were studied. AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) was toxic to BRP. At a concentration of 500 μg/ml it reduced the BRP number to 48 ± 3 % (p 〈 0.05) of untreated controls, as determined by cell counting with haemocytometer. AGE-BSA was also toxic to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) reducing cell number to 84 ± 3.1 % of untreated controls. Under similar conditions, low concentrations (62.5 μg/ml) of AGE-BSA were mitogenic to BREC increasing the cell proliferation to 156 ± 11 % (p 〈 0.05) above that of untreated controls. At a higher dose of 500 μg/ml AGE-BSA decreased the proliferation of BREC to 85 ± 6 % of untreated controls. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that BRP and BREC express the p60 AGE-receptor. Retinal capillary bed from the human also stained positively for the p60 AGE-receptor. Addition of 0.25 μg/ml of p60 AGE-receptor antibody was able to block the effects of AGE-BSA on BRP and BREC. The level of binding of [125I]-labelled AGE-BSA to the cell surface was small but significant among the three cell types. There was also an increase in the internalized pool of radioligand in BRP and BREC but this was very much lower than in BAEC. In all the cell types the internalized pool of [125I]-labelled AGE-BSA was much larger than the amount associated with the cell surface. Degradation products were not detected in the media over the 24-h incubation of the cells with [125I]AGE-BSA. The binding of [125I]-labelled AGE-BSA to the cell surface was prevented by the addition of p60 AGE-receptor. These results suggest that the interaction of AGE-modified proteins with the membrane-bound AGE-receptor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 156–164]
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetic retinopathy ; microaneurysms ; UKPDS ; Type II diabetes ; diabetes ; complications.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To determine whether microaneurysms, in the absence of other lesions, have a predictive role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy in Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Methods. Retinal photographs taken at diagnosis in patients participating in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, and thereafter at 3 yearly intervals, were assessed using a modified Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy grading system for lesions of diabetic retinopathy and end points of vitreous haemorrhage and photocoagulation. The number of microaneurysms in each eye was recorded. Results. The changes between diagnosis and later photographs were analysed in 2424 patients at 6 years, 1236 at 9 years and 414 at 12 years. Of the 2424 patients studied in the 6 year cohort 1809 had either no retinopathy or microaneurysms only at entry. In these patients the presence of microaneurysms alone and also the number of microaneurysms had a high predictive value for worsening retinopathy at 3, 6, 9, and 12 years after entry into the study (e. g. at 6 years χ 2 for trend = 75 on 1 df, p 〈 0.001). The predictive value of the presence or absence of microaneurysms and their number at 3 years from diagnosis and subsequent worsening retinopathy was similar to that at entry. Conclusion/interpretation. Microaneurysms are important lesions of diabetic retinopathy and even one or two microaneurysms in an eye should not be regarded as unimportant. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1107–1112]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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