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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    One- and two-dimensional x-ray detector systems at NSLS beam line X12B, for time-resolved and static x-ray-diffraction studies : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2295-2299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Some important characteristics are described of one- and two-dimensional gas proportional detectors with delay line position readout which are currently in use at beam line X12B of the National Synchrotron Light Source. The importance of careful choice of geometric design parameters is emphasized with respect to position linearity and electrical stability; position resolution of 100 μm FWHM and counting rates up to several times 105 s−1 are obtained in calibration studies. Results from some recent beam-line experiments further illustrate the excellent position resolution and linearity, and demonstrate the usefulness of these detector systems for small-angle scattering, particularly in dynamic studies. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145668
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of primary electron counting for detection of ultrasoft x-rays with a low-pressure multistep gaseous detector : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2330-2332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of primary electron counting techniques as an alternative to the more usual parallel plate avalanche chamber that has been employed in soft x-ray scattering experiments is being investigated at the National Synchrotron Light Source. The theoretical aspects of primary electron counting and motivation behind building a primary electron counting detector are described, as well as characteristics and future improvements of the device constructed at the NSLS. The detector consists of a low electric field drift region and a low pressure multistep avalanche region which can be operated with two or three stages of electron multiplication. The device has worked well in extensive tests as a simple parallel plate avalanche chamber, providing energy resolutions of 58% and 43% at 277 and 500 eV, respectively. Operated as a primary electron counter, preliminary results show an energy resolution of 38% at 500 eV. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145679
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biexcitonic contribution to polarization-dependent degenerate four-wave mixing in GaAs quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of the polarization and time-averaged intensity of four-wave mixing signals from GaAs quantum wells as functions of the pump beam polarizations, laser photon energy, and optical injection density, the latter covering a range of higher levels than has previously been reported. Excitation of heavy-hole excitons produced a sin2 variation of the signal intensity as the pump beam polarizations changed from parallel to perpendicular, while injection of light-hole excitons led to an approximately cos2 dependence. The tuning dependence of the heavy-hole-exciton signal revealed a low-energy signal which is attributed to biexcitons. The dominance of this signal for perpendicular polarization causes the observed sin2 variation of the heavy-hole-exciton signal. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114679
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature operation of intermixed GaAs/AlGaAs gain coupled distributed feedback lasers (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 888-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room-temperature gain coupled distributed feedback (GC-DFB) lasers have been realized by implantation induced intermixing in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system. The implantation dose has been systematically varied to realize GC-DFB lasers with different gain coupling coefficients due to different band-gap modulation of the active quantum wells. It is demonstrated that a band-gap modulation of 7 meV is sufficient to achieve a high single mode yield at room temperature. The results are discussed on the basis of calculations with the optical matrix theory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114726
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional atom probe field-ion microscopy observation of Cu/Co multilayer film structures (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1125-1127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Focused ion-beam milling has been used to fabricate field-ion specimens from a multilayer film structure containing 100 repetitions of a (Cu2 nm/Co2 nm) bilayer deposited directly onto a planar substrate. The as-deposited films showed a magnetoresistance ratio of ∼5% over a 250 Oe range at room temperature, and a coercivity of ∼60 Oe. The magnetic data suggest that the films are coupled ferromagnetically. Successful field-ion specimen preparation has allowed the observation of these layers by field-ion imaging and three-dimensional atom probe compositional analysis. Examination of the multilayer images reveals that, in some regions, the layers are nonparallel, but the interfaces are chemically quite sharp, with a diffuse interface region of ∼3 atomic layers. In addition, in some areas adjacent cobalt layers appear to be in contact. The fact that the layers are wavy suggests that the ferromagnetic coupling may be a result of Néel "orange peel" type magnetostatic coupling between adjacent cobalt layers. The relatively high coercivity may be a result of the poor layer planarity leading to a high number of domain wall pinning sites. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122104
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substrate effects on GaN photoconductive detector performance (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 25-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaN photoconductive detectors were fabricated on three substrates: sapphire, SiC, and GaN-on-sapphire substrates. The undoped GaN was deposited on each substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The structural properties, as measured by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, of the layers grown on GaN-on-sapphire and SiC were superior to those of the layers grown on sapphire. A corresponding improvement in optical response and sharpness of optical response of the photoconductive detectors was observed with improved material quality. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124265
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TiNx films with metallic behavior at high N/Ti ratios for better solar control windows (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 630-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using cathodic arc deposition with 700 eV nitrogen ion assistance, metallic response in TiNx thin films to at least N/Ti=1.3 is found. Metallic behavior is usually limited to N/Ti ratios just above 1.1. Defects are almost exclusively Ti vacancies which further enhances optical changes. The resulting large shift in onset of Drude reflection to longer wavelengths enhances the view, daylighting, and environmental performance of a coated window relative to stoichiometric TiN films on glass. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124463
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tethered chains in good solvent conditions: An experimental study involving Langmuir diblock copolymer monolayers (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 2320-2342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have employed Langmuir monolayers of polydimethylsiloxane-polystyrene diblock copolymers as a model system for examining layers of tethered chains under good solvent conditions. The range of surface density accessible with this system coincides with the ranges reported in the literature for chains tethered onto solid substrates from dilute solution in good solvents. We have varied both the surface density (σ) and the molecular weight (M) of the submerged polystyrene block independently, covering over a decade in each variable. Both the form of the segmental concentration profile and the variation of the layer height with σ and M are in good agreement with numerical self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations. On the other hand, we do not observe precise agreement with the scaling predictions for strongly stretched chains, in contrast to some previous reports. Through measurements of the surface pressure (Π), we present the first direct comparison between anchoring energies and differential chain energies in tethered layers. We find these to be of equal magnitude at the desorption transition. However, the chain energies reach values roughly an order of magnitude larger than can be accounted for by the osmotic interaction of the polystyrene segments in the good solvent. In addition, the dependence of Π on σ is more consistent with a model of soft spheres with hard cores than that of a semidilute polymer mesh. The hard core areas seem to be loosely related to Rg. We attribute these observations to a steric effect which limits lateral interpenetration of the submerged blocks. The sharp rise in Π with σ is of great practical importance as it limits the maximum surface coverage in this system, and may also do so for other systems. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469707
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bistability and Fluctuations for an Incandescent Light Bulb (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 844-852 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100002a056
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association between resistance to Cercospora and yield in commercial sugarbeet hybrids (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 115 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This report documents the difficulty breeders have experienced in combining resistance to Cercospora leaf spot (causal agent Cercospora beticola Sacc.) with high yield in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Forty commercial hybrids, all recommended for Cercospora-threat areas, were grown in a Cercospora-free and a diseased (inoculated) environment in 1991 and 1992. A 2.9 Mg/ha decrease in root yield associated with each increment increase in susceptibility confirmed that under a severe epiphytotic (1991) Cercospora resistance provided substantial protection. Under less-severe disease conditions (1992) there was no apparent relationship between yield and resistance, suggesting that the benefits of resistance were similar to the yield potential sacrificed to obtain the resistance. In the absence of the disease, root yields increased 2.7 Mg/ha for each increment of increased susceptibility. There was no evidence of association between sucrose concentration and resistance in the Cercospora-free environment. Despite the limited efforts and/or success in developing resistant commercial hybrids, the demonstrated ability of Cercospora to produce fungicide-resistant strains and the possibility that effective fungicides will not be available provide incentives to seek genetic resistance through breeding efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1996.tb00866.x
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