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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between two resonance frequency branches in a waveguide free-electron laser (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 426-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One of the problems encountered in designing a waveguide free-electron laser (FEL) is to suppress the lower-frequency branch, which may have a higher gain than the more useful higher-frequency branch. It is shown that the electron pulse length and energy spread strongly influence the competition between the gains at high and low frequency for a waveguide FEL. It is also found that the negative slippage that may take place at the lower-frequency branch results in larger reduction in gain than the positive slippage. The maximum allowable electron energy spread for both resonance frequencies is derived. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359347
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compact electron-accelerator system using laser-induced photoelectrons and DISKTRON electrostatic accelerator (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1010-1014 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of relativistic electron acceleration facility is being developed by the Laser Science Research Group at The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. It utilizes laser-induced photoelectrons accelerated by a compact DISKTRON electrostatic accelerator, which makes it possible to generate a controllable bright short-pulsed electron beam up to the energy of 1 MeV with a low emittance (〈2×10−5 mrad) and high current density (∼500 A/cm2) without any guiding field. The characteristics of the entire facility and some of the key components are described in detail. The experimental results which confirm the possibilities of increasing quantum efficiency of metal photocathodes by geometric alteration are reported. Observation of laser undulator effects in the visible wavelength was demonstrated in the facility. The coming use of the system includes a far-infrared/submillimeter free-electron laser using a microwiggler and generation of extreme ultraviolet radiation by the laser undulator. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146037
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct evidence of the indirect energy gap in InAlAs/AlAsSb multiple quantum wells by time-resolved photoluminescence (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1620-1622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy has been applied to determine the nature of the energy gap of InAlAs/AlAsSb multiple quantum well structures. While the InAlAs buffer layer exhibits a decay time of the order of 1 ns, which is typical for direct gap semiconductors, the decay time of the InAlAs/AlAsSb multiple quantum well structures is prolonged by more than two orders of magnitude. This observation is direct evidence for the presence of an indirect energy gap. The decay time increases with increasing InAlAs layer thickness indicating the decreasing overlap of electron and hole wave functions. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121132
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast 1.55 μm all-optical switching using low-temperature-grown multiple quantum wells (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 153-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low-temperature grown surface-reflection all-optical switching has been demonstrated with ultrafast photoresponse (1.5 ps), low switching energy (2 pJ), high-contrast (13 dB), polarization independence, and wide operation wavelength range in the 1.55 μm band using low-temperature-grown Be-doped strained InGaAs/InAlAs multiple quantum wells. The combination of low-temperature growth and Be-doping contributes to the ultrafast photoresponse. Additionally, the introduction of compressive strain and a mirror with 1% reflectivity greatly enhances optical nonlinearities. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and Crystal Structure of the Complex Composed of 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Cation and Dichloro-(1,3,5-triphenylformazanato)cobaltate(II) Anion (1997)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The molecular and crystal structure of, cobalt(II) complex prepared by the reaction of 1,3,5-triphenylformazan with cobalt dichloride, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium dichloro(1,3,5-triphenylformazanato)cobaltate(II), has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallized in a triclinic space group P\overline 1, with Mr = 728.55, a = 10.214 (3), b = 18.208 (7), c = 9.985 (2) Å, \alpha = 96.44 (3), \beta = 107.92 (2), \gamma = 81.79 (3)°, Z = 2, Dx = 1.387 Mg m−3, \mu = 0.683 mm−1, F(000) = 750, R = 0.041, wR = 0.040 and S = 1.40. The complex is composed of a pair of ions, the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium cation and the dichloro(1,3,5-triphenylformazanato)cobaltate(II) anion. The cobalt(II) ion is tetrahedrally coordinated by two N atoms and two chloride ions. One of the chloride ions of the anion has electrostatic intermolecular contacts with the tetrazolium ring of the cation. The conductivity of the complex in nitromethane solution showed complete dissociation of a pair of ions to separate ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768196015960
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flower-shaped cannula for three-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 179-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Three incision method — Flower-shaped cannula — Abdominal wall-lift method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A simple flower-shaped cannula, in which up to three laparoscopic instruments can be inserted and manipulated freely, is described. Using this cannula, a three-incision gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be performed easily.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A miniature probe enables clear demonstration of the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 1186-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Intraoperative ultrasonography — Miniature probe — Cystic duct — Bile duct injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We performed intraoperative ultrasonography with a miniature probe to explore the biliary anatomy, especially the cystic duct, during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. By using this radial-type probe introduced into a hard metal sheath with a balloon at the end, the plane containing Calot's triangle can be scanned easily when the gallbladder is extracted to the right side, thereby facilitating the identification of the cystic duct as well as the common ducts. In 30 cases, no common duct stone was found and the cystic duct was clearly identified. This radial-type miniature probe can be used to locate the cystic duct and avoid inadvertant incision or division of the common ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900814
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endoscopic resection for submucosally invasive colorectal cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 224-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Submucosally invasive cancer — Colon — Endoscopic resection — Polypectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Recent advances in colonoscopy have resulted in an increasing number of endoscopic resections of colorectal neoplasms. However, endoscopic resection of submucosal invasive cancer remains a controversial issue. Methods: The subjects for this study were the surgically treated patients with submucosal invasive colorectal cancer. These patients were classified into two groups: those with versus those without preoperative endoscopic resection. Clinicopathologic features and prognosis were compared and analyzed. Results: Fifty patients underwent surgery for submucosally invasive colorectal cancer. Numbers of patients with and without preoperative endoscopic resection were 22 and 28, respectively. In 36.4% of the patients, endoscopic resections were incomplete. Two patients in whom the preoperative endoscopic resections had revealed a positive cancer margin, had nodal metastasis. One of these patients also developed hepatic metastasis. Endoscopic findings such as diameter and shape were not indicative of either lymphatic or vascular invasion. There were no morbidities or mortalities associated with endoscopic resection or surgery. Conclusions: Preoperative endoscopic resection for colorectal submucosal cancer is feasible, provided the resection is complete. The indications for surgical treatment should be determined after pathologic examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900949
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral inguinal hernia repaired by laparoscopic technique (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 1157-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Femorofemoral bypass — Inguinal hernia — Laparoscopic surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Femorofemoral bypass is an established procedure for limb salvage and disabling claudication. However, surgical exposure of the femoral artery may result in damage leading to development of an inguinal hernia. Herein we report the first case of laparoscopic repair of bilateral inguinal hernias that developed after femorofemoral bypass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649901195
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterially associated corrosion of aluminum surface in the air (1995)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 17 (1995), S. 1131-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In a process of precision machining, corrosion of the surface of a precisely cut aluminum piece caused by bacteria was observed. A bacterium, Alcaligenes denitrificans, accumulated aluminum within the cell in granular form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143116
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