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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of NiAl underlayers in longitudinal recording media (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4369-4369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: NiAl has been proposed as a replacement for the Cr underlayer in longitudinal recording media.1 NiAl has a B2 ordered structure with a lattice parameter close to that of Cr. Hence the same epitaxial relationships that exist in CoCrPt/Cr could also exist in CoCrPt/NiAl. Although high coercivity media have been made using a NiAl underlayer, a detailed microstructural study of the CoCrPt/NiAl is lacking. We have investigated the crystal orientation and epitaxial relationships in CoCrPt/NiAl bilayers deposited by DCM sputtering at a range of deposition temperatures up to 250 °C and sputter rates of 0.5–10 nm/s. Samples were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy in cross section and plan view. None of the samples showed the (002) NiAl/(11¨20)Co orientation that would be expected by analogy to CoCrPt/Cr films deposited at high temperatures. The CoCrPt crystals in the CoCrPt/NiAl are oriented with their c axes at a range of angles to the film plane, accounting for the lower squareness (Sq) of the magnetic hysteresis loop compared to samples on Cr underlayers. There is no evidence of the "bicrystal" structure in CoCrPt/NiAl as is seen on films grown on Cr.2 Grain size in NiAl is smaller than in Cr giving a smaller grain size in the CoCrPt overlayer and potentially lower medium noise. However, coercivity of CoCrPt/NiAl is lower than CoCrPt/Cr. The coercivity increases as the NiAl film thickness increases, and this is believed to be caused by topographic isolation of the magnetic grains.3 Recording measurements on CoCrPt/NiAl and CoCrPt/Cr media show that noise is lower in isotropic media made on the NiAl underlayer compared to oriented media made on the Cr underlayer. The microstructural results will be compared with previously published results on NiAl underlayers and the utility of NiAl as an underlayer in high density media will be assessed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364825
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient-based Corn and Soy Products by Twin-screw Extrusion (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 63 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Blends were developed to provide 20% protein, 12% fat, 68% carbohydrate and 8% moisture. High protein soy products (full fat flakes, protein isolate and/or concentrate) were formulated with corn meal and soybean oil to provide high protein and fat. The blends were extruded to provide pre-cooked foods that could be reconstituted at 40°C to a porridge or gruel, eliminating prolonged cooking or degradation of heat labile nutrients. Two types of soy isolate and concentrate were evaluated under extrusion temperatures from 100 to 130°C and feed moistures 8.5 to 18%. The extrusion of lower valued concentrates at 100 to 115°C with moisture from 12 to 18% produced a precooked mix that was high in nutrients and contained the most available lysine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb17915.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OXIDATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL STABILITY DURING STORAGE OF BUTTER OIL ENCAPSULATED WITH SUCROSE OR FLOUR (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food lipids 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4522
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Oxidative and functional stability of sucrose encapsulated butter oil (SuBO) and flour encapsulated butter oil (FIBO) was determined during six months of storage at −20, 22, and 40C. Muffins also were prepared with SuBO and FIBO. Both encapsulations resulted in highly stable powders. Oxygen content of sealed vials containing butter powder showed that FIBO was slightly more stable than SuBO. Peroxide and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content of butter powders and their muffins confirmed this result. Functional stability, as measured by texture and specific volume of muffins, also showed little change due to storage, but differences in hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness due to encapsulant were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4522.1997.tb00097.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of NiAl underlayers in longitudinal thin-film recording media (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7441-7444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Longitudinal recording media made with chromium and with nickel-aluminum underlayers are compared. NiAl films have smaller grains and random crystallographic orientation, while Cr films have larger grains and either a {110} or a {200} preferred orientation depending on the deposition conditions. Cobalt alloy films grown on NiAl have nearly random crystallographic orientation and significant c-axis out-of-plane component, and lower hysteresis loop squareness and coercivity than films made on a heated Cr underlayer. NiAl-underlayer media do not exhibit in-plane magnetic anisotropy induced by the substrate texture lines. CoCrTaPt/Cr/NiAl media had higher overwrite than CoCrTaPt/Cr media due to higher coercive squareness and a sharper hysteresis loop closure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365285
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the objective evaluation of garment appearance (1999)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 11 (1999), S. 151-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As a first step towards objective evaluation of garment appearance, the present work considered seams on three-dimensional surfaces which simulate actual garment surfaces. The geometric profiles of the 3-D seams were scanned using a laser scanner. 1-D and 2-D digital filters were applied to obtain pucker signals from the geometric profiles by removing "high frequency" components due to fabric surface texture and "low frequency" components due to garment silhouette and drape. The advantages and disadvantages of the 1-D and 2-D digital filters are compared. Four physical parameters are examined to see their relevance to the subjective pucker grade. It was found that log(s2), i.e. the logarithm of the variance of the heights of pucker signals, is the best set of physical parameters for the objective evaluation of seam pucker. In addition, latest attempts at capturing and analyzing 3D garment image using a Cyberware laser scanner and Surfacer software are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556229910282370
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extension of physical component BFC method for the analysis of free-surface flows coupled with moving boundaries (1998)
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 21 (1998), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A newly developed “physical component boundary fitted coordinate (PCBFC) method” is extended for the analysis of free-surface flows coupled with moving boundaries. Extra techniques are employed to deal with the coupling movement of the free surface and moving boundaries. After the validation of the extension by several benchmark problems, the method is successfully applied for the first time to the simulation of overflow-induced vibration of the weir coupled with sloshing of the free-surface liquid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050284
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermi surface and extended van Hove singularity in the non-cuprate layered perovskite superconductor Sr2RuO4 (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 105 (1996), S. 1587-1592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Keywords: 79.60.Bm ; 73.20.Dx ; 74.70.Ad ; 74.80.Dm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract With high-resolution (≈22 meV) angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the Fermi surface of the first copper free layered-perovskite superconductor, Sr2RuO4, was determined. We observed three bands to cross the Fermi energy in qualitative agreement with LDA band structure calculations; one electron-like surface encircling the $$\overline \Gamma$$ point in the projected Brillouin zone, and two hole-like surfaces around the $$\overline X$$ point. The most striking aspect of the measurements is the observation of an extended van Hove singularity. It is located 17 meV below the Fermi energy and extends around the $$\overline M$$ point for about 0.2 Å−1 along both the $$\overline \Gamma$$ — $$\overline M$$ — $$\overline \Gamma$$ and the $$\overline X$$ — $$\overline M$$ — $$\overline X$$ directions.These observations demonstrate that van Hove singularities near the Fermi surface are a more generic feature of layered oxides, and call for a clarification of their exact role in oxide superconductivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00753926
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Targeted Drug Delivery for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (1996)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 13 (1996), S. 344-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: boron neutron capture therapy ; BNCT ; targeted drug delivery ; borocaptate sodium ; BSH ; boronophenylalanine ; BPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a form of radiochemotherapy that is becoming increasingly important for the treatment of malignant gliomas, malignant melanomas and other forms of cancer. Targeted delivery of boron to tumors is a critical prerequisite for successful BNCT. Methods. Strategies that involve synthetic chemical approaches and biochemical and biophysical approaches are employed to meet this requirement. Compounds developed for targeting to tumors include borocaptate sodium (BSH) and p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) which are currently in clinical use. Results. Boronated porphyrins, nucleosides, nucleotides and other boronated compounds show potentials as targeting molecules. Conjugation of boron compounds to macromolecules such as monoclonal antibodies, epidermal growth factor and dextran is also employed for active or passive tumor targeting. Conclusions. Boron delivery via microparticulate carriers such as liposomes, high density lipoproteins and microcapsules is also attractive for its potential application in BNCT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016076022267
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room Temperature Bolometric Applications Using Manganese Oxide Thin Films (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 20 (1999), S. 2113-2120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: manganese oxide thin films ; bolometer ; room temperature operation ; noise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the optical responses of magnetic manganese oxide La2/3Ca1/3MnOδ thin films at room temperature. The voltage responses to a He-Ne laser at the wavelength of 0.63 μm and incident infrared (IR) power at the wavelength of 8-14 μm were measured. The measured signals were attributably to a bolometric response due to the heating of the sample by radiation. We report the optical responses in La2/3Ca1/3MnOδ thin films as a function of chopping frequency and bias current. The noise behavior around room temperature was also discussed. It is suggested that perovskite manganese oxide thin films are suitable candidates for uncooled optical detectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022699005844
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative effects of Pinatubo aerosols in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 51 (1995), S. 13-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary Using scattering coefficient profiles of the Pinatubo aerosols derived from the observation of skylight polarization and lidar backscattering ratio in Beijing, the radiative effect of Pinatubo aerosols in middle latitudes is assessed by a delta-four-stream radiative transfer model. It is shown that the Pinatubo aerosols significantly change the radiation field. Due to the presence of the volcanic aerosols, the downward short wave flux at the surface decreases with a maximum of 8 W/m2 while the upward short wave flux at the top of the atmosphere increases with a maximum of 6.5 W/m2. The volcanic aerosols are injected into the region bounded below by the tropopause and up by the 25 km level. The upward and downward radiative fluxes are changed in opposite directions at those two boundaries. Downward short wave fluxes below the tropopause are 7–9 W/m2 less than background values and downward long wave fluxes below the tropopause are 2 W/m2 more than background values. Upward short wave fluxes above 25 km level is 5–7 W/m2 more and upward fluxes above there are about 3 W/m2 less. The effects of the Pinatubo aerosols on heating rates are also significant. The maximum increase in the short wave heating rate can be as large as 0.2 K/day at 22 km. The increase in the long wave heating rate is less with a maximum amplitude of about 0.15 K/day. The maximum increase of the total heating rate is about 0.35 K/day, which is comparable with the heating rate caused by the ozone 9.6 µm band in this region. Results of this study are compared with studies of Lacis et al. (1992) and Russell et al. (1993) as well as ERBE measurements. The results generally agree well. Causes for the differences are analyzed. Based on the numerical study, it is also found that the LOWTRAN fresh volcanic model is not representative for the Pinatubo aerosols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00865536
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