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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (2)
  • Reduced frequency breathing  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 56 (1987), S. 522-527 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Reduced frequency breathing ; Arterial hypoxemia ; Exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is uncertain that exercise with reduced frequency breathing (RFB) results in arterial hypoxemia. This study was designed to investigate whether RFB during exercise creates a true hypoxic condition in arterial blood by examining arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) directly. Six subjects performed ten 30 s periods of exercise on a Monark bicycle ergometer at a work rate of 210 W alternating with 30 s rest intervals. The breath was controlled to use 1 s each for inspiration and expiration, and two trials with different breathing patterns were used; a continuous breathing (CB) trial and an RFB trial consisting of four seconds of breath-holding at functional residual capacity (FRC). Alveolar oxygen pressure during exercise showed a slight but significant (p〈0.05) reduction with RFB as compared to CB. However, a marked increase in alveolar-arterial pressure difference for oxygen (A-aDO2) (p〈0.05) with RFB over CB resulted in a marked (p〈0.05) reduction in arterial oxygen pressure. Consequently, SaO2 fell as low as 88.8% on average. Additional examination of RFB with breath-holding at total lung capacity showed no increases in A-aDO2 in spite of the same amount of hypoventilation as compared with that at FRC. These results indicate that RFB during exercise can result in arterial hypoxemia if RFB is performed with breath-holding at FRC, this mechanism being closely related to the mechanical responses due to lung volume restriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 462-466 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Reduced frequency breathing ; Hypoventilation ; Lactate removal ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to investigate the blood lactate (LA−) responses to hypoventilation induced by reduced frequency breathing (RFB) during recovery from exercise. Five male subject performed 16 4 min cycling bouts alternating with 16 min rest periods. Exercise intensities were chosen at power outputs corresponding to 30% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ at 2mMLA−, $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 4 mMLA−, and 90% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ in each subject. Breathing frequency was voluntarily controlled starting 10 s before each 3rd min of exercise and maintained throughout the rest of the exercise period. Four different breathing patterns at each exercise intensity were used: normal breathing (NB), breathing every 4 s, breathing every 8 s, and maximal RFB. Except for the NB trials, subjects held their breath at functional residual capacity during each breathing interval. The concentration difference of LA− between the 3rd min sample and the 4th min sample was defined as the lactate change during exercise (Δ LA−ex), and that between the 4th min sample and the sample at the 3rd min after the end of the exercise as the lactate change during recovery (Δ LA−rec). An ANOVA showed significant (p〈0.05) differences in breathing procedures only in ΔLA−rec. ΔLA−rec seemed to increase as compared to NB only at $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ at 4 mMLA− and 90% $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2 max}}} } $$ , while ΔLA−ex remained unchanged as compared to NB in spite of reduced ∵V A. These results might indicate that RFB inhibited lactate removal from working muscles during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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