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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
  • 1985-1989  (8)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (8)
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placental toxicity in rats after administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pregnant rats ; Glucocorticoids ; Glycogen ; Proteases ; von Willebrand factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone to pregnant rats between gestational day (GD) 16 and 20 caused dose-dependent placental lesions on GD 21 and 22 which were detected by morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical means. Maternal blood spaces, trophoblast layer and fetal blood vessels were altered primarily in the centre of the placentral labyrinth. Less severe changes were found in the junctional zone, chorionic plate and intraplacental yolk sac. On GD 21, low doses increased the amount of glycogen, while high doses induced a loss of glycogen. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased in the spongiotrophoblast and the labyrinthic trophoblast and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in fetal capillary endothelium, whereas α-glutamyl aminopeptidase and microsomal alanyl aminopeptidase were not affected. Additionally, in the fetal capillary endothelium an increase of immunoreactivity for the von Willebrand factor occurred. These data suggest that synthetic glucocorticoids affect placental tissues at different and rather specific levels, which may in turn disturb placental function and contribute to fetal maldevelopment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309763
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of maternal and fetal nephrotoxicity of salicylate by zinc deficiency (1988)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 89 (1988), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An oral dose of 700 mg/kg salicylic acid was given to normal and Zn-deficient rats at day 16 of gestation. Maternal and fetal kidneys were studied at day 19 of gestation. Zn-deficiency did not cause any lesions detectable by semi-thin section light microscopy, electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Salicylate may lead only to small morphological, enzymatic and cytoskeletal defects in the maternal and fetal kidney. However, enzyme activities decreased in plasma membranes, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes in all segments of the tubular apparatus when salicylate was given to Zn-deficient rats. Cytoskeletal proteins such as keratin in the glomerular cells and epithelial lining of the collecting ducts and vimentin in vascular endothelial cells of the maternal kidney were also affected. In addition, the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts, which were comparatively less damaged, accumulated high amounts of fat. In severe cases, the enzymatic and cytoskeletal lesions were aecompanied by hematuria and tubular necroses including the collecting ducts in the renal papilla. In less severe cases reduced activities of brush border hydrolases were the only sign of disturbed renal function in maternal rats indicating that membrane alteration and loss of membrane-bound enzymes are the primary defects. In the fetal kidneys, mitotic activity of the cells of the nephron anlagen and collecting ducts was reduced and enzymatic and morphological differentiation were disturbed. As a consequence less mature nephrons and collecting ducts occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496589
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity by Mg deficiency in non-pregnant rats (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 90 (1989), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-pregnant rats fed an Mg-deficient diet showed some degenerated and calcified proximal tubules in the inner region of the medullary rays accompanied by reduced or absent enzyme activities. After gentamicin treatment some damaged convoluted proximal tubules occurred. Enzyme histochemistry revealed decreased activities for brush border and lysosomal hydrolases; using immunohis-tochemistry lesions were detectable for the cytoskeletal proteins keratin and vimentin. Administration of gentamicin to Mg-deficient rats led to a further decrease of hydrolase activities in obviously intact proximal tubules and drastic structural and enzymatic defects as well as alterations of the cytoskeletal proteins in the convoluted and straight segments of other proximal tubules and to a lesser degree also in glomeruli and further portions of the tubular apparatus including the collecting ducts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00494361
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme cytochemistry combined with electron microscopy, pharmacokinetics, and clinical chemistry for the evaluation of the effects of steady-state valproic acid concentrations on the mouse (1985)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 83 (1985), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A number of organs from adult female mice were investigated after continuous application of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA) by enzyme cytochemistry, light and electron microscopy, pharmacokinetics and clinical chemistry. VPA plasma levels were maintained between 55 μg/ml and 67 μg/ml for three days following subcutaneous implantation of drug reservoirs. Effects detectable by enzyme cytochemical or electron microscopical means were mainly observed in liver, kidney, thymus and spleen. A strict concentration-dependency of drug effects could not be found. In the liver, the activities of some surface-membrane hydrolases were increased at the biliary pole; the activities of other hydrolases were decreased or unchanged. Electron microscopically, number and lenghth of microvilli of hepatocytes were increased and many of them showed fat inclusions, mitochondrial swellings and autophagic vacuoles. In some of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney, the reaction product originating from microvillous and lysosomal hydrolases was diffusely distributed and its amount lowered. This was paralleled by tubular cells with an increased number of fat droplets and swollen mitochondria or destroyed tubular cells, as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Additionally, peritubular endothelial cells were arranged in a garland-like pattern. Alkaline phosphatase was activated in the straight portion of the proximal tubules. Increased glucose, creatinine and total protein concentrations and increased γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the urine reflected well the damage of the proximal renal tubules. Cortical and medullary morphology varied considerably in the thymus. In extreme cases, the cortical zone was either reduced in size or the medulla showed a cortex-like structure or vice versa (inverted type of thymus). The thymic cortical reticular cells showed increased aminopeptidase A activity accompanied by a generalized aminopeptidase M and alkaline phosphatase reaction. Our data indicate that — in addition to the liver — also the kidney, thymus and spleen are target organs of VPA-induced toxicity in the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684382
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protease cytochemistry in the murine rodent, guinea-pig and marmoset placenta (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 530-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma membrane and lysosomal proteases, γ-glutamyl transferase and extracellular matrix proteases were investigated by qualitative cytochemical means in the mature placenta of mice, rats, guinea-pigs and marmosets. These studies revealed similarities, which concerned, primarily the lysosomal proteases in different structures of the placenta and all proteases and γ-glutamyl transferases in the zone of placental shedding. However, species differences predominated. They were observed especially for aminopeptidase A and M, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and γ-glutamyl transferase in the plasma membranes and extracellular matrix of the placental barrier and decidual cells of all species and the cells of the basal zone in rats and mice. Plasma membrane and extracellular matrix proteases in other parts of the placenta, e.g. the placenta stem of guinea-pigs and basel plate, amniotic and chorionic plate of marmosets occurred only in these species. Elastase substrates hydrolysing endopeptidase I and kallikrein-, thrombin-, plasmin-, plasminogen- and cathepsin B substrates hydrolysing endopeptidase II were not observed in any of these species. A general comparison of the species revealed similarities for the mouse, rat and guinea-pig placental barrier, but not for that of marmosets. The proteases of this zone in the marmoset placenta are more similar to the human situation, but do not correspond to it completely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482987
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic and morphological response of the thymus to drugs in normal and zinc-deficient pregnant rats and their fetuses (1987)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1987), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the thymus of normally fed pregnant rats the plasma membrane enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) and alkaline phosphatase (alP) were found in cortical and medullary lymphocytes (thymocytes). Plasma membrane aminopeptidase A (APA) and adenosine monophosphate hydrolysing phosphatase (AMPP) were present in cortical reticular cells. In medullary reticular cells, aminopeptidase M (APM), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), adenosine triphosphate (ATPP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPPP) cleaving phosphatases were detected. Medullary reticular cells did not contain APA. Lysosomal DPP I and II, acid phosphatase, acid β-d-galactosidase, β-d-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-d-glucuronidase and non-specific esterases occurred especially in macrophages at the corticomedullary junction. The 21-day-old fetal thymus showed a similar reaction pattern as the maternal organ except for APA which was absent before birth.—After treatment of the pregnant rats with valproic acid (VPA), salicylic acid (SA), streptozotocin (ST) and retinoic acid (RA) APA showed an increase in activity in the thymic cortex. In addition, ST and RA induced AMPP, ATPP and TPPP activity in cortical reticular cells up to the same pattern as in medullary reticular cells. After ethanol (ET) administration severe damages occurred. The thymic cortex was free of DPP IV-positive lymphocytes; the medullary reticular cells showed reduced or no GGT and occasionally an increased APM activity. Dexamethasone (DEXA) given to normal or zinc-deficient rats produced the most severe lesions; thymocytes with DPP IV activity were completely absent in the cortex and medulla. In Zn-deficient pregnant rats similar alterations were observed as after ET. When the drugs were applied to Zn-deficient pregnant rats, the alterations resembled those observed after drug treatment alone. In all cases of severe thymus degeneration, i.e. ET and DEXA treatment and Zn-deficiency, the number of macrophages and activities of lysosomal hydrolases in macrophages and reticular cells were increased; the lysosomal hydrolases were often homogeneously distributed over the cortex. Cell contacts between reticular cells and lymphocytes were reduced. Vacuoles occurred within the reticular cells.—The fetal thymus was reduced in size and the number of macrophages and the activities of their lysosomal enzymes were increased after Zn-deficiency, DEXA treatment and Zn-deficiency combined with ET administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490266
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteases in the human full-term placenta (1987)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 86 (1987), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aminopeptidase A, not yet defined aminopeptidases and endopeptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase I, II and IV, γ-glutamyl transferase and oxytocinase were investigated in the normal human full-term placenta using qualitative (catalytic) cytochemistry, isoelectric focusing, immunocytochemistry and kinetic fluorometry. Aminopeptidase A could be visualized cytochemically in the smooth muscle cells of the chorionic plate, stem villi and basal plate blood vessels. Aminopeptidases were found in connective tissue fibres of the chorionic plate, villous stroma, basal plate and paraplacenta. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV was detected at the same sites as the aminopeptidases and, in addition, in amniotic epithelial cells, fibroblasts of the villous stroma, endothelium of chorinic plate and villous blood vessels as well as in the basophilic cytotrophoblast cells (x-cells) of the basal plate and paraplacenta, and it possibly also occurred in some domains of the plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells. The x-cells surrounded the fetus in the form of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV-positive shell at the border to the mother. The enzyme represented the first specific marker for x-cells. Dipeptidyl peptidase I and II were primarily found in Hofbauer cells (macrophages) of the villous stroma, but also in the syncytiotrophoblast, other villous stromal cells and cells of the chorionic and basal plate. γ-Glutamyl transferase was present in some connective tissue elements of the chorionic plate. Oxytocinase and endopeptidases were not detected. Isoclectric focusing of proteases revealed different molecular forms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the paraplacenta and villous tree, while the aminopeptidases shared the same pattern in both regions. Immunocytochemical staining of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the villous tree resembled the pattern obtained by catalytic cytochemistry except for the blood vessel endothelium and the x-cells of the basal plate. Fluorometrically, all proteases were more active in the villous tree than in the paraplacenta. The kinetic measurements revealed the highest hydrolysis rates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV followed by the aminopeptidases. In contrast to eatalytic cytochemistry all proteases were detectable when using fluorometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of hepatotoxicity in maternal and fetal rats after glucocorticoid administration by lipid histochemistry and thin layer chromatography (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 487-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in lipid metabolism of fetal and maternal rat livers were investigated on day 20 of pregnancy after administration of either 3 mg/kg or 24 mg/kg triamcinclone-acetonide or 124 mg/kg hydrocortisone in crystalline suspension to the mothers on day 15 of pregnancy. Sudan black B and Nile red as well as the UV-Schiff reaction and thin layer chromatography were used to study qualitatively the response of lipids to these glucocorticoids. Generally, after application of triamcinolone-acetonide fetal livers accumulated more lipids as toxic response to this glucocorticoid than the maternal organ; the degree of lipid accumulation was clearly dose-dependent in the fetuses. After hydrocortisone treatment, lipids in maternal livers were slightly, those in the fetuses were not affected. Histochemistry and thin layer chromatography revealed an accumulation of neutral lipids, especially of triglycerides and fatty acids which both contained increased amounts of ethylene bonds after treatment with triamcinolone-acetonide. The results also show that using combined histochemistry and thin layer chromatography, the analysis of hepatic lipids is a promising tool for the assessment of toxic effects of glucocorticoids on fetal and maternal hepatocytes in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492521
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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