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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by Pre-stimulus glucose level and tolbutamide in normal man (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 198-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Intravenous glucose tolerance test ; first phase insulin secretion ; second phase insulin secretion ; glucose potentiation ; tolbutamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the pre-stimulus glucose level and immunoreactive insulin responses to a glucose challenge (20-g IV) was studied in normal subjects. When the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose concentration was lowered by a 0.33 mU· kg-1· min-1 insulin infusion or raised by a 900mg/ min glucose infusion, no effect on first phase insulin secretion (mean Δ 3–5 min insulin level) was observed. In contrast, the second phase response (10–60 min insulin area after glucose pulse) to intravenous glucose fell during insulin infusion and increased during the glucose infusion. Overall, a linear relationship was found between the change of pre-stimulus glucose level from the control to that during the insulin or glucose infusion and the change in second phase response (r=0.65, n = 14, p〈0.02). The effect of tolbutamide infusion (7 mg·m-2· min-1) when compared with saline control was to increase both first phase (+54 ±13 mU/1, n=8, p 〈0.001, mean±SEM) and second phase (+972±256mU · mur-1 · 1-1, P〈0.01) insulinsecretion. It is concluded that the first phase response to a glucose pulse is independent of the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose concentration and is directly enhanced by tolbutamide; in contrast, second phase is related to both the steady-state pre-stimulus glucose level and tolbutamide. These findings suggest that changes in basal or pre-stimulus plasma glucose during therapy with sulphonylurea drugs may be expected to influence the second phase insulin responses to glucose challenge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252654
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations of intensities, aftershock statistics and the focal mechanism of Friuli earthquakes in 1975 and 1976 (1976)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 114 (1976), S. 1095-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Isoseismal maps, derived from macroseismic observations in the epicentral region and in Switzerland for the Friuli earthquake of 6 May 1976, are presented. From these maps a focal depth ofh=8 km and a related attenuation factor of α=0.001 can be estimated. An analysis of aftershocks reveals a slope ofp=0.85 for the logarithmic relationship between number of events and time. A firstmotion study for a preceding earthquake in Friuli on 24 March 1975, gives two possible fault plane solutions, both indicating a North-South direction of the axis of maximum shortening of the earth's crust.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876203
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Placental toxicity in rats after administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 180 (1989), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Pregnant rats ; Glucocorticoids ; Glycogen ; Proteases ; von Willebrand factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Administration of the synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone and triamcinolone to pregnant rats between gestational day (GD) 16 and 20 caused dose-dependent placental lesions on GD 21 and 22 which were detected by morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical means. Maternal blood spaces, trophoblast layer and fetal blood vessels were altered primarily in the centre of the placentral labyrinth. Less severe changes were found in the junctional zone, chorionic plate and intraplacental yolk sac. On GD 21, low doses increased the amount of glycogen, while high doses induced a loss of glycogen. γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased in the spongiotrophoblast and the labyrinthic trophoblast and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in fetal capillary endothelium, whereas α-glutamyl aminopeptidase and microsomal alanyl aminopeptidase were not affected. Additionally, in the fetal capillary endothelium an increase of immunoreactivity for the von Willebrand factor occurred. These data suggest that synthetic glucocorticoids affect placental tissues at different and rather specific levels, which may in turn disturb placental function and contribute to fetal maldevelopment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309763
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The anchoring zone in the human placental amnion: bunches of oxytalan and collagen connect mesoderm and epithelium (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Elastic fibre system ; Microfibrils ; Collagen type IV ; Ultrastructure ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study deals with the examination of the elastic fibre system as well as collagen fibrils and collagen type IV in the amnion of the human chorionic plate of uncomplicated pregnancies at term. In organs other than placenta, the elastic fibre system comprises elastic fibres, elaunin and oxytalan microfibrils. The investigation was performed by light and electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Abundant oxytalan fibres were present in all amnionic layers, while no elastic fibres were found. Oxytalan microfibrils formed a broad subepithelial layer and were intermingled with collagen fibrils in the subjacent compact layer and in the amnionic mesoderm. Light microscopically, bunches containing orcein-stained oxytalan and collagen-type-IV-immunostained microfibrils were seen rising from the amnionic mesoderm perpendicularly towards the epithelial layer, where they obviously inserted. It can be assumed that the subepithelial microfibrillar layer and the following compact layer form an anchoring zone between the amnionic mesoderm and the epithelium that may contribute to the maintenance of strength. The ultrastructure of the bunches clearly showed collagen fibrils mixed with oxytalan microfibrils. No collagen type I-immunostaining was found in the bunches. After pretreatment of cryostat sections with elastase, oxytalan-orcein-staining was absent, but collagen type IV-immunoreactivity was not altered. Furthermore, after oxytalan-orcein-staining resp. anti-collagen type IV incubation, all positive fibres revealed an identical morphological pattern. We propose that oxytalan and collagen type IV may represent further members of the microfibril complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050262
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-eclampsia associated alterations of the elastic fibre system in umbilical cord vessels (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 291-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Blood vessel walls ; Intima thickening ; Lamina elastica interna splitting ; Morphology ; Elastin quantification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although pre-eclampsia (PE) is often associated with fetal hypoxia, hypertension and/or disturbed function of the fetal circulation, the effect of these altered hemodynamic parameters on the structure and composition of umbilical vessels has not been systematically investigated before. Therefore, this study focuses on PE-associated changes of the elastic fibre system in umbilical cord vessels investigated by light and electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry and biochemistry. In umbilical cord veins, no changes in thickness of the vessel wall or of any sublayer were observed. However, the internal elastic lamina of the veins was split in 80% of the PE-group in contrast to 20% in uncomplicated pregnancies. This effect was significant (α 〈0.01) from 36 weeks of gestation onwards. In umbilical cord arteries, the entire arterial vessel wall was found to be 15% thicker in PE than in uncomplicated pregnancies. The enlargement was caused by an increase of both the tunica intima and tunica media. The thickening of the tunica intima was attributed to a migration of smooth muscle cells towards the endothelium, accompanied by a splitting of the internal elastic lamina. Compared to uncomplicated pregnancies, smooth muscle cells of arteries and veins in PE showed a metabolic activation demonstrated by highly dilated endoplasmic reticulum. A semiquantitative score method as well as a quantitative dot blot assay indicated a PE-associated reduction of elastin expression in the arterial vessel walls. In summary, PE obviously induces a decrease of the elastin content accompanied by a thickening of the vessel wall in umbilical cord arteries. This remodeling of the elastic fibre system, together with an increased migration of smooth muscle cells, might represent part of the functional adaptation system of the umbilical cord arteries on the altered hemodynamic conditions in PE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050318
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of segments of elastic-type blood vessel walls in fetal placental stem villi during pre-eclampsia at term (1999)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 200 (1999), S. 597-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Human placenta ; Elastic fibres ; Stem villus blood vessels ; Light microscopy ; Semiquantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In recent studies we described the presence of elastic-type blood vessels within trunci and rami chorii of human placental stem villi. For systemic and pulmonary hypertension it is known that elastic fibres are enhanced in arteries. The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine whether pre-eclampsia may lead to an increase of elastic tissue fibres in blood vessel walls of placental stem villi and whether there are differences in the thickness of blood vessel walls within these villi when compared to normotensive pregnant women. Twenty-six women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 25 patients with pre-eclampsia were investigated. Unfixed cryostat serial sections were processed for conventional orcein staining and for the demonstration of α-actin-immunoreactivity. The intensity of orcein staining of stem villus blood vessel walls was evaluated by a semiquantitative score method. Significant higher intensities of orcein staining (P〈0.00001) were calculated for blood vessel walls of placentae with pre-eclampsia. The amount of thick stem villus vessels (〉41 µm) increased during pre-eclampsia from 39 gestational weeks onwards. Our study demonstrates that segments of thick blood vessel walls and elastic-type vessel walls are increased in placental stem villi of patients with pre-eclampsia. This reaction may protect the fetal placental vessels and avert an increase of the fetal hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The extravascular contractile system in the human placenta (1994)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 190 (1994), S. 541-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human placenta ; Smooth muscle-like cells ; Perivascular contractile sheath ; Nitric oxide synthase type I ; Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the human placenta, besides the fetal blood vessel system a second extravascular contractile system exists. It is localized in the chorionic plate and runs in a longitudinal direction and adjacent to fetal blood vessels into the stem villi, where it forms perivascular contractile sheaths. Characteristically, cells of the extravascular contractile system are extremely long and spindle-shaped and give rise to fine cell processes, by which they obviously contact each other or insert into the basement membrane of the trophoblast. They show immunoreactivity with desmin, vimentin, α-actin, myosin, nitric oxide synthase type I (brain form) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The ultrastructure suggests that cells of the extravascular contractile system are related to smooth muscle cells, including subpopulations with myofibroblastic features. In stem villi a few cells are nitric oxide synthase type I immunoreactive. These cells are thought to be specialized smooth-muscle-like cells of the extravascular contractile system or cells of the extravascular contractile system related to paraneurons that generate nitric oxide, which, in turn, may modulate the tone of perivascular contractile sheaths. The high dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity suggests that modulation of the extravascular contractile system may also occur by substance P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure Calibration of a Tetrahedral Anvil Device (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 678-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Curve B (Fig. 1) was obtained under the same experimental conditions as here, except that the pyrophyllito tetrahedrons, completely assembled, were dried at 90 C for 2 h after the iron oxide was applied5. In addition to this substantial increase in efficiency, the deformation of the sample was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197678a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding an insect V-ATPase subunit E
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1190 (1994), S. 193-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (M. sexta) ; ATPase, H^+- ; Insect midgut ; Vacuolar H^+-ATPase ; cDNA cloning
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(94)90053-1
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary structure of V-ATPase subunit B from Manduca sexta midgut
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Gene Structure and Expression 1132 (1992), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4781
    Keywords: Insect ; Larva ; Lepidoptera ; Plasma membrane ; Tobacco hornworm ; Vacuolar ATPase ; cDNA sequence
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4781(92)90053-3
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