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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Arm movement  (1)
  • Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon  (1)
  • Bewegungskrankheit  (1)
  • Children  (1)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 30 (1977), S. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Arm movement ; Joint receptors ; Nystagmus ; Circularvection ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A compelling illusion of body rotation and nystagmus can be induced when the horizontally extended arm of a stationary subject is passively rotated about a vertical axis in the shoulder joint. Lateral nystagmus with the fast phase beating in the opposite direction to the arm movement was found consistently; the mean slow phase velocity increased with increasing actual arm velocity and reached about 15 °/sec; the mean position of the eyes was deviated towards the fast phase as in optokinetic nystagmus, and the nystagmus continued after the cessation of stimulation (arthrokinetic after-nystagmus). The existence of an arthrokinetic circularvection and nystagmus indicates a convergence of vestibular and somatosensory afferents from joint receptors. It is concluded that information about joint movements plays an important role within the multisensory processes of self-motion perception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motion perception ; Spatial frequency ; Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Apparent velocities of moving visual stimuli are known to be different depending on whether the subject pursues the stimulus (efferently controlled motion perception) or whether the eye is stationary and the image moves across the retina (afferent motion perception). Afferent motion perception of a periodic pattern or a moving single object causes overestimation of velocity (magnitude estimations) as compared to smooth pursuit. This socalled Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon is shown to depend on local temporal frequency stimulation on the retina caused by the repetitive passage of contrast borders of the moving periodic pattern. This is evidenced by the fact that for a given stimulus speed the amount of overestimation is a function of the spatial frequency of the pattern (or the angular subtend of a single moving object) and that the Aubert-Fleischl phenomenon is not observed if a single edge moves. Background characteristics seem not to influence the apparent velocity during smooth pursuit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 231 (1982), S. 409-421 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Visual-vestibular interaction ; Motion sickness ; Car-sickness ; Visuell-vestibuläre Interaktion ; Bewegungskrankheit ; Autoreisekrankheit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Autoversuchen wurde die früher im Labor für Winkelbeschleunigungen gefundene visuelle Modulation vestibulären Schwindels auf ihre praktische Bedeutung zur physikalischen Prävention von Bewegungskrankheit, vorwiegend durch Linearbeschleunigungen auf der Straße, überprüft. Achtzehn freiwillige Versuchspersonen wurden an drei nicht aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen als Beifahrer in einem Kraftfahrzeug auf einer geraden Autobahn-Teststrecke über 4 × 1,7 km einem festgelegten Muster richtungswechselnder Linearbeschleunigungen (0,1–1,2 g) unter Variation der gleichzeitigen visuellen Reizbedingungen ausgesetzt: I) Augen auf, visuelle Kontrolle der Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen; II) Augen zu; III) Augen auf, künstlicher stationärer Ganzfeldreiz (Kartenlesen). Die Stärke der durch die alternierenden Beschleunigungen ausgelösten Bewegungskrankheit (magnitude estimation 1–10) wurde signifikant durch simultane visuelle Reizbedingungen bestimmt: a) geringe Übelkeit (〈1) unter adäquater visueller Bewegungswahrnehmung; b) mittlere Übelkeit (≈2) bei rein vestibulärer Reizung und geschlossenen Augen; c) starke Übelkeit (〉5), wenn die visuelle Information scheinbarer Unbewegtheit den labyrinthären Beschleunigungsreizen widerspricht. Bewegungskrankheit in Autos entsteht vorwiegend durch visuell-vestibuläre Reizkonflikte und läßt sich wirkungsvoll durch visuelle Kontrolle der auftretenden Fahrzeugbeschleunigungen unterdrücken.
    Notes: Summary The differential effects of vision on motion sickness in cars were tested under real road conditions using linear accelerations, in order to confirm earlier laboratory results on visual modulation of vestibular nausea induced by angular accelerations of the body. The 18 voluntary subjects were exposed to repetitive braking maneuvers (linear accelerations: 0.1–1.2 g) on a highway. The simultaneous visual stimulus conditions for the 3 separate days were: I) eyes open, visual control of car motion; II) eyes closed; III) eyes open, artificial stationary visual field (reading). The severity of motion sickness (magnitude estimation 1–10) was a function of the visual stimulus condition with significant differences among these conditions: I) moderate nausea (〈1) with adequate visual motion perception; II) medium nausea (≈2) with eyes closed and somatosensory-vestibular excitation only; III) strong nausea (〉5) with conflicting sensory input, when vestibular acceleration is in disagreement with the visual information of no movement. Providing ample peripheral vision of the relatively moving surround is the best strategy to alleviate car sickness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Vertebral Angiography ; Basilar Artery ; Distance to Clivus ; Variations ; Adults ; Children ; Arteriosclerosis ; Infratentorial Tumors ; Vertebralisangiographie ; A. basilaris ; Clivusabstand ; Variationen ; Erwachsene ; Kinder ; Atherosklerose ; Infratentorielle Tumoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die topographischen Beziehungen der A. basilaris zu Schädelbasisstrukturen sowie Abgangsvarianzen und Kalibrigkeitsvergleiche der basisnahen Hirnarterien wurden an 63 Brachialis- und 60 Vertebralisangiogrammen quantitativ untersucht. Normbereich und Grenzwerte wurden an normalen Angiogrammen von Erwachsenen und Kindern sowie bei cerebralen Gefäßprozessen und infratentoriellen Tumoren definiert. Im normalen Angiogramm (Erwachsene) betrug der mittlere Clivus-Basilaris-Abstand vom Apex dorsi sellae 7,2 mm, vom Fußpunkt des Dorsum sellae 4,9 mm und 2 cm unterhalb des Apex 2,9 mm. Eine Basilarisanpressung ist bei 2 mm und weniger eine -abhebung bei mehr als 12 mm anzunehmen. Bei 67,6% verlief die A. basilaris in der Frontalebene mit Seitauslenkungen von weniger als 2 mm. Bei cerebraler Atherosklerose fand sich eine deutliche Elongation der A. basilaris (48,5 mm) gegenüber dem mittleren Normwert (38,5 mm) mit ausgeprägtem Basilarisüberstand oberhalb des Apex (6,6 mm) und Seitauslenkungen der Arterie bis zu 12 mm. Kinder bis zu 10 Jahren hatten weitere Basalcisternen mit einem Basilarisabstand von 7,96 mm vom Apex, vom Fußpunkt des Dorsum sellae 6,0 mm und 2 cm unterhalb des Apex von 3,8 mm. Die mittlere Basilarislänge betrug 41,5 mm. Kinder haben mit 7,8 mm den höchsten Basilarisüberstand infolge des relativen Entwicklungsrückstandes der knöchernen Schädelbasis gegenüber den Hirnstammstrukturen und Gefäßen. Bei infratentoriellen Tumoren ist eine Basilarisanpressung (weniger als 2 mm) und -abhebung (mehr als 12 mm) diagnostisch verwertbar.
    Notes: Summary Topographical correlations of the basilar artery to skull base structures as well as variations of branching and of diameter of the arteries near the base were studied by evaluating 63 brachial and 60 vertebral angiographies. Normal values were established by computing normal angiograms of adults and children. Abnormal values were found in angiograms of patients with arteriosclerosis and with infratentorial tumors. In normal angiograms (adults) the average distance between clivus and basilar artery was 7.2 mm at the apex dorsi sellae, 4.9 mm at the lower edge of the dorsum sellae and 2.9 mm at a point 2 cm below the apex. At a distance of 2 mm and less the basilar artery is pressed toward the clivus. At a distance of 12 mm and more, the basilar artery is ablated from the clivus. In 67.6% of the cases the lateral deviation of the basilar artery was less than 2 mm. Patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis showed a significant elongation of the basilar artery (48.5 mm) compared to the average normal value (38.5 mm). This elongation is combined with a marked elevation of the basilar artery above the apex (6.6 mm) and with lateral deviations up to 12 mm. Children up to 10 years had larger basal cisterns with a distance between basilar artery and clivus of 7.96 mm at the apex dorsi sellae, of 6.0 mm at the lower edge of the dorsum sellae and of 3.8 mm at a point 2 cm below the apex. The median length of the basilar artery was 41.5 mm. Children have the highest elevation of the basilar artery above the apex (7.8 mm) which is due to the relative retardation of osseous maturation of the skull base in comparison to the brain stem and vessels. It is of diagnostical value for infratentorial tumors when the basilar artery is pressed toward (less than 2 mm) or away from the clivus (more than 12 mm).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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