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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (10)
  • Chemical Engineering  (6)
  • United States  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk among African-American women (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Blacks ; breast carcinoma ; oral contraceptives ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent epidemiologic studies, most of them in predominantly White populations, have suggested that long duration of oral contraceptive (OC) use may increase the risk of breast cancer at young ages. We assessed the relationship of OC use to the risk of breast cancer in African-American women aged 25 to 59 years, using interview data from a multipurpose hospital-based case-control study. Five hundred and twenty-four cases hospitalized for invasive breast cancer were compared with 1,021 controls with nonmalignant conditions unrelated to OC use. Relative risks (RR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were estimated relative to a reference category of use for less than 12 months; potential confounders were controlled by multiple logistic regression analysis. Among women under age 45, three or more years of OC use was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer: the RR estimate was 2.8 (CI=1.5–5.0) for three to four years of use, and declined to 1.5 (CI=0.8.3.0) for 10 or more years of use. Recency and timing of use did not explain the observed association. Among women aged 45 to 59, OC use was associated with little or no increase in risk: the RR estimate for three or more years of use was 1.3 (CI=0.7–2.4). The findings add to the evidence from studies of White women and a recent study of Black women which have suggested an increased risk of breast cancer at young ages for moderate or long duration use of OCs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parental ages at birth in relation to a daughter's risk of breast cancer among female participants in the Framingham study (United States) (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 6 (1995), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Breast neoplasms ; cohort study ; daughters ; maternal age ; paternal age ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Data from the Framingham Heart Study, collected in Framingham, MA (United States) during 1948–86, were used to evaluate the relation of parental age at birth to the risk of breast cancer among daughters. After 38 years of follow-up, 149 breast cancer cases occurred among 2,662 women. All but two cases were confirmed by histologic report. The rate of breast cancer increased among daughters with increasing maternal age at birth up to the mid-30s, where the rate levelled off. A similar pattern was observed with paternal age. After adjustment for other confouding factors and paternal age, the rate ratios for breast cancer in daughters whose mothers were aged 26 to 31 years and 32 or more years at their birth, relative to women whose mothers were aged 25 years or younger, were 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.0–2.4) and 1.3 (CI=0.8–2.2), respectively. However, there was no longer an association between paternal age at birth and risk of breast cancer after controlling for maternal age and other risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051677
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract and renal cell cancer in relation to acetaminophen use (United States) (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 9 (1998), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Acetaminophen ; kidney neoplasms ; renal cell carcinoma ; United States
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental and epidemiologic evidence have suggested that phenacetin use increases the risk of transitional cell cancers of the urinary tract. The drug is no longer marketed but a commonly used metabolite, acetaminophen, has been linked recently to an increased risk of renal cancer. We assessed the relation of acetaminophen use to the risk of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract and of renal cell cancer with data from a hospital-based study of cancers and medication use conducted from 1976-96 in the eastern United States. We compared 498 cases of transitional cell cancer and 383 cases of renal cell cancer with 8,149 noncancer controls and 6,499 cancer controls and controlled confounding factors with logistic regression. For transitional cell cancer, the relative risk (RR) estimate for regular acetaminophen use that had begun at least a year before admission was 1.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.6-1.9) based on noncancer controls, and 0.9 (CI = 0.5-1.6) based on cancer controls. RR estimates for use that lasted at least five years, and for nonregular use, were also close to 1.0. For renal cell cancer, the corresponding estimates were again close to 1.0. Our results suggest that acetaminophen, as used in present study population, does not influence the risk of transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract or of renal cell cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008805505154
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induced and spontaneous abortion in relation to risk of breast cancer (United States) (1997)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 8 (1997), S. 841-849 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Abortion ; breast carcinoma ; risk factors ; United States ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relation of induced and spontaneous abortion to the risk of breast cancer is evaluated in a hospital-based case-control interview study conducted in three cities in the United States from 1985 through 1995. Cases were 1,803 women aged 25 to 64 years with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer; controls were 4,182 women of the same ages admitted for conditions unrelated to reproductive factors. Other breast cancer risk-factors were controlled through multiple logistic regression. The reference for allanalyses was women who had never had an abortion, either induced or spontaneous. Among parous women, the relative risk (RR) estimate was 1.1 (95percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.9-1.5) for induced abortion overall, 1.0(CI = 0.7-1.4) for abortion before the first birth, and 1.3 (CI = 1.0-1.8)for abortion after at least one birth. Among nulliparous women, the relative risk estimate for induced abortion was 1.3 (CI = 0.9-1.9). There was no trend of increased risk with number of abortions, nor was there consistent evidence of an increased risk in any particular subgroup. Spontaneous abortion was not associated with increased risk of breast cancer, either among nulliparous women or among parous women. These findings provide little support for the hypothesis that induced abortion increases breast cancer risk overall or in particular subgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018408211089
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial dispersion for turbulent flow with a large radial heat flux (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 598-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In 1954, G. I. Taylor derived an expression for an apparent axial dispersion coefficient for mass transfer in turbulent flow under the assumption of no mass transport between the tube wall and the fluid inside the tube. Taylor's expression has been verified in a number of experimental efforts for both mass and heat transfer.This work extends the results of Taylor to the case where there is a significant transport of heat from the tube wall to the fluid in the tube, such as in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Using an analysis similar to Taylor's, it is shown that the apparent axial dispersion coefficient is about one order of magnitude larger when a large radial gradient is present. Experimental data on a double-pipe heat exchanger show significantly improved correspondence with a dispersion-based model of the system when the larger dispersion coefficients are used.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360411
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanics of steady state single-phase fluid displacement from porous media (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 2 (1956), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physical processes are discussed by which a fluid is displaced from a porous medium during steady state viscous flow by another fluid of the same density and viscosity under conditions of complete miscibility of the two fluids. The displacement occurs on a microscopic scale as a result of combined convective and diffusional mixing. The length of the zone of mixing which comprises the displacement front is predicted to be dependent upon the rate of flow, the diffusion coefficient for the two-fluid system, the characteristics of the pore geometry, and the distance the front has traversed at the time of its observation.Experimental data are presented for the displacement of benzene by ethyl n-butyrate at several rates of flow from packed sand columns. These data show that the length of the frontal mixing zone after a prescribed distance of flow is greater at the higher rates of flow. The postulated dependence of the length of the front upon the diffusion coefficient and the pore geometry has not yet been investigated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690020111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solution of liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption in fixed beds (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 765-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280510
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The study of flow and reaction rates in turbulent flames (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is proposed that measurements of reaction rate as a function of position within turbulent flames be the basis of an approach to the problem of turbulent-flame propagation. As a test of the method, measurements of static pressure, impact pressure, and chemical composition were made at several positions within the burning zones of two simulated ramjet combustion chambers. From these measurements a complete mapping of compositions, velocity components, densities, and static pressures could be carried out. By calculation of the appropriate derivatives of the latter quantities, the differential form of the equation of continuity for the species desired could be solved for net reaction rate as a function of position, turbulent diffusion being neglected. By a similar technique the equation of momentum was used to obtain eddy viscosities. The latter results were used to estimate the effect of turbulent diffusion by assuming a turbulent Schmidt number of unity.It is concluded that the method of attack used is a reasonable approach to the problem of turbulent flame propagation, having a special advantage in that it can be used to discover relationships between the rate of reaction and the patterns of the mean flow.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690050110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical reaction analysis, Eugene E. Peterson, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey (1963). 276 $12.50 (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 770-955 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear viscoelastic response in two dimensions - numerical modeling and experimental verification (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1409-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Recently we developed a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model which called the Phases Model (PHM) [10]. The main advantages of the PHM over existing nonlinear viscoelastic models are that it lends itself to simple, straightforward calibration of the material functions, and that it is naturally suitable to step-by-step computer simulation. In this paper we apply the PHM to two dimensional (2-D) situations. To this end, we've developed a 2-D finite difference code in cylindrical geometry which is based on the PHM. We demonstrate the validity of our modeling by applying the code to a 2-D set-up developed for this purpose. The 2-D specimen is in the form of a disc of the test material compressed between two rigid metal anvils by a velocity-controlled Instron machine. We monitor the response of the viscoelastic disc in terms of the overall axial force history, and the axial stress component at the disc center. We get good agreement between theory and experiment.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760241807
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