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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (29)
  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Immunohistochemistry  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain ; Cerebral ischemia ; Gerbil ; Immunohistochemistry ; Hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anesthetized Mongolian gerbils were subjected to 5-min ischemia and 8 h of recirculation. Vibratiom sections were taken for studying changes in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) immunoreactivity using an antiserum to ODC, and tissue samples were taken for measuring ODC activity. After 5-min ischemia and 8-h recirculation ODC activity increased 11.5-, 5.9-, and 7.9-fold in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus, respectively (P≤0.05 to 0.01). In the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of control animals immunoreactivity was low but clearly above the detection limit. The reaction was confined to neurons. After 5-min ischemia and 8-h recirculation a sharp increase in immunoreactivity was observed confined to neurons, indicating that the postischemic activation of polyamine metabolism is a neuronal response to ischemia. The immunoreactivity was markedly increased in the perinuclear cytoplasm and the dendrites. In the striatum the density of neurons exhibiting a sharp increase in immunoreactivity was more pronounced in the lateral than in the ventral part. In the hippocampus a strong reaction was present in all subfields but the CA1 subfield was particularly affected. The present study demonstrates for the first time that biosynthesis of a protein is markedly activated during the first 24 h of recirculation after 5-min cerebral ischemia of gerbils even in the vulnerable CA1 subfield, in which the overall protein synthesis is sharply reduced at the same time. Studying polyamine metabolism after ischemia may, thus, provide new information about the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for the altered gene expression after metabolic stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 82 (1990), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Retina ; Development ; In situ hybridization ; Gene expression ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The expression of the synapsin I gene was studied during postnatal development of the rat retina at the mRNA and protein levels. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that synapsin I mRNA was expressed already in nerve cells in the ganglion cell layer of the neonatal retina, while it appeared in neurons of the inner nuclear layer from postnatal day 4 onward. Maximal expression of synapsin I mRNA was observed at P12 in ganglion cells and in neurons of the inner nuclear layer followed by moderate expression in the adult. At the protein level a shift of synapsin I appearance was observed from cytoplasmic to terminal localization during retinal development by immunohistochemistry. In early stages (P4 and P8), synapsin I was seen in neurons of the ganglion cell layer and in neurons of the developing inner nuclear layer as well as in the developing inner plexiform layer. In the developing outer plexiform layer synapsin I was localized only in horizontal cells and in their processes. Its early appearance at P4 indicated the early maturation of this cell type. A shift and strong increase of labelling to the plexiform layers at P12 indicated the localization of synapsin I in synaptic terminals. The inner plexiform layer exhibited a characteristic stratified pattern. Photoreceptor cells never exhibited synapsin I mRNA or synapsin I protein throughout development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder cancer ; Urothelium ; CD44V2 ; Alternative splicing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Diagnostic marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 225-228 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS Interface ; Glass ; Open split ; HMDS glass surface deactivation ; Glass capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new all-glass interface for GC/MS designed to fully exploit the potential of glass capillary columns is described. The system works in the open split mode and has high versatility with respect to column changing. It is especially suitable for mass spectrometers, which are not exclusively dedicated to GC/MS work. Two chromatograms illustrate the properties of the described interface.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 675-676 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Triglycerides ; GC/MS of triglycerides ; Capillary, glass ; All-glass GC/MS interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 548-552 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Glass capillary gas chromatography ; Immobilization ; OV-240-OH cyanopropylpolysiloxane ; Isomer specificity ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillaries were leached, dehydrated, persilylated with 1, 3-bis (3-cyanopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, and coated with OV-240-OH. After crosslinking and binding the phase to the glass surface the columns showed high separation efficiency, high temperature stability, and inertness comparable to persilylated apolar columns. Column performance is shown to be superior to liquid phase cyanopropyl columns such as SP 2330. The excellent separation capabilities together with the selectivity of the phase makes OV-240-OH coated columns a valuable tool for the determination of toxic isomers in complex mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The order of elution of individual TCDD isomers was found to be similar to that described for SP 2330 or Silar 10c. The detection of PCDDs and PCDFs in a fly ash extract further illustrates the utility of OV-240-OH coated columns. The high temperature limit of these columns opens the way for the analysis of high boiling compounds such as mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Catecholamines ; HPLC ; Immunohistochemistry ; Glyoxylic acid fluorescence ; Ophryotrocha puerilis (Annelida)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the posterior part of the brain of the protandric polychaete Ophryotrocha puerilis neurosecretory cells form prominent axon terminals. The terminals are arranged in two complexes. The perikarya of these presumably monopolar neurons are scattered in the anterior part of the cerebral perikaryal layer. In females the terminals store large amounts of neurosecretory material. It has been suggested earlier that neurosecretions of the terminals may play a role during sex reversal from females to males. Application of histamine caused the release of neurosecretory material from the respective terminals in females. However, this discharge was not followed by sex reversal. Application of reserpine had no influence on the terminals. Neither by in vivo observation nor by ultrastructural analysis any effect of reserpine on the terminal complexes could be observed. In isolated terminals filled with neurosecretory material from females, catecholamines could not be detected by HPLC. Also, polyclonal antibodies against dopamine did not stain the terminal complexes. Furthermore, the complexes did not develop any fluorescence after glyoxylic acid treatment. Therefore, the present results contradict the hypothesis that the neurosecretory material of the respective axon terminals is catecholaminergic and that it is involved in sex differentiation. The function of the secretory neurons studied here remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 114-124 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Hydrolysis of Iron (III) Salt Solutions. II. Ageing of Hydrolysis ProductsThe long time ageing up to 15 years of the products obtained by alkalifying iron(III) chloride solutions to different neutralisation degrees has been studied. The concentration of the Fe3+ and the Cl- ions, the strength of the alkali, and the rate of its addition influence the results. Slow alkalifying produced up to 90% neutralisation β-FeOOH. The transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide to β-FeOOH was promoted by a high concentration of the Cl- ions. When a large amount of amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide was formed, intimately intergrown crystals of α- and β-FeOOH resulted. On further ageing β-FeOOH transformed into α-FeOOH. At a degree of neutralisation of 95 and 100% transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide into α-Fe2O3 occurred. The 100% neutralized precipitate, however, remained partly amorphous. Authors discuss the factors that determine very slow reactions leading to these results.
    Notes: Es wird über die Alterung (bis zu 15 Jahren) von Produkten berichtet, die durch Alkalisierung von Eisen(III)-chlorid-Lösung bis zu verschiedenen Neutralisationsgraden erhalten wurden. Die Konzentration an Fe3+- und Cl-_Ionen, die Alkalistärke und die Geschwindigkeit der Zugabe beeinflußten die Ergebnisse. Langsames Alkalisieren ergibt bis zu 90%iger Neutralisation β-FeOOH. Die Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in β-FeOOH wird durch eine hohe Konzentration an Cl-_Ionen gefördert. Nach der Bildung einer größeren Menge von amorphem Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxid entstehen innig verwachsene Kristalle von α- und β-FeOOH. Bei weiterer Alterung geht β- in α-FeOOH über. Bei einer Neutralisation von 95 bis 100% erfolgt eine Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in α-Fe2O3. Zu 100% neutralisierte Niederschläge verbleiben jedoch teilweise amorph. Die Autoren diskutieren die Faktoren, die die sehr langsame Reaktion bestimmen und zu diesen Ergebnissen führen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 36 (1985), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Embrittlement conditions of ferritic chromium steels and influence on the corrosion fatigue behaviourThe corrosion fatigue behavior of two ferritic stainless steels, with 18% and 28% chromium respectively, embrittled by α'- or sigma-phase has been studied in this investigation. No effect of the α'-phase on the corrosion fatigue behaviour in a 0.5 N or 4 N air saturated soldium chloride solution at 80 °C has been found. In the 4 N solution corrosion fatigue cracking of the 18% chromium steel in the solutionized as well as in the α'-embrittled condition is initiated by pitting at nonmetallic inclusions. Sigma-phase not only decreases the mechanical properties of the 28% chromium steel by heavy embrittlement but also leads to crack initiation by pitting in the 4 N solution at the interface sigma/ferrite. The pronounced decrease of the corrosion fatigue properties of the 28% chromium steel could well be correlated with chromium depletion of the ferrite matrix by precipitation of sigma phase.
    Notes: Der Einfluß der versprödenden Phasen α' und σ auf das Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten der beiden rein ferritischen Chromstähle 1.4522 und 1.4575 (18% bzw. 28% Chrom) wurde untersucht. Sowohl in der 0,5 N als auch in der 4 N Natriumchloridlösung konnte keine Beeinflußung der Korrosionseigenschaften durch α'-Ausscheidung festgestellt werden. In Luft und der 0,5 N Lösung bewirkt die Ausscheidung von α'-Phase bei beiden Stählen eine Erhöhung der Schwingfestigkeit. Der Abfall der Korrosionsschwingfestigkeit in der 4 N Natriumchloridlösung wird beim 18%-Chromstahl, im lösungsgeglühten und α'-versprödeten Zustand, durch Lochfraß an nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen herbeigeführt. Die durch die α'-Ausscheidung hervorgerufene, stärker lokalisierte Oberflächenverformung führt beim 28%-Chromstahl in der 4 N Lösung ebenfalls zur Erniedrigung der Korrosionsschwingfestigkeit. Die sigma-Phase verschlechtert einerseits die mechanischen Eigenschaften des 28%-Chromstahles und bewirkt in der 4 N Lösung Bildung von Lochfraß an der Grenzfläche sigma-Phase/Ferrit. Die Bildung von Lochfraß konnte eindeutig auf Chrom- und Molybdänverarmung in der'Ferritmatrix zurückgeführt werden.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 69 (1997), S. 1297-1297 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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