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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (3)
  • Garnet  (1)
  • Histochemistry  (1)
  • Key words Nonthoracotomy cardioverter/defibrillator systems – lead failures – device implemented diagnostic and measurement features – automated system control with patient alert  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Transvenöse Kardioverter/Defibrillator-Elektrodensysteme – Elektrodendysfunktionen – systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen – automatisierte Systemkontrolle ; Key words Nonthoracotomy cardioverter/defibrillator systems – lead failures – device implemented diagnostic and measurement features – automated system control with patient alert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The aim of this study is the analysis of electrical failures in transvenous cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) lead systems with regard to the importance of device implemented diagnostic and measurement functions and the potential role of an automated device-control in the detection of lead failures. Methods: All consecutive ICD patients at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective investigation. The routine follow-up controls consisted in a complete evaluation of all diagnostic and measurement ICD features and additional controls in when spontaneous arrhyhtmia episodes occurred. Results: Two hundred thirty patients, 193 male and 37 female, were enrolled in this study (mean age: 61.5±10.2 years; mean LVEF was 32±9%). During a mean follow-up period of 29.5±18.4 (6–76) months, lead failure occurred in 19 patients (8%). 16 patients were implanted with an ICD, capable of diagnostic and measurements functions. All nonadequate device discharges could be classified as sensing-failure by stored electrograms. Device implemented measurement features revealed clinical important information in 13/16 patients (81%). In 14/16 patients, the lead defect could not be detected during routine follow-up. At the time of documented lead failure the safety of the implanted devices was already lost in 6/16 patients (38%). Conclusions: Device implemented diagnostic and measurement options are of great importance in the early detection of ICD lead failures. The implementation of automated measurements of lead related parameters in connection with a patient alert function may contribute to a further increase in the safety of ICD therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie ist die Analyse elektrischer Dysfunktionen transvenöser Kardioverter/Defibrillator-(ICD-)Elektrodensysteme hinsichtlich der Bedeutung systemintegrierter Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen und der Möglichkeit einer automatisierten Systemkontrolle von ICD-Generatoren für eine sichere und schnelle Erkennung von Elektrodendefekten. Methoden: Alle konsekutiven ICD-Patienten unserer Klinik wurden in die vorliegende, retrospektive Untersuchung einbezogen. Die Verlaufskontrolle umfaßte die regelmäßige, vollständige Systemprüfung der ICD-Systeme und zusätzliche Kontrollen bei spontanen Arrhythmieepisoden. Ergebnisse: 230 konsekutive Patienten, 193 Männer, 37 Frauen, wurden in die Untersuchung einbezogen (mittleres Alter: 61,5±10,2 Jahre; mittlere LVEF 32±9%). Während einer Nachbeobachtungsperiode von 29,5±18,4 Monaten (6–76 Monate) wurden bei 19 Patienten (8%) Defekte der ICD-Elektrodensysteme dokumentiert. 16 Patienten trugen einen ICD-Generator mit systemimplementierten Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen. Alle nichtadäquaten ICD-Entladungen konnten durch die Analyse gespeicherter Elektrogramme als Fehlfunktion klassifiziert werden. Die systemintegrierten Meßfunktionen zeigten bei 13 von 16 Patienten (81%) diagnostisch verwertbare Ergebnisse. Bei 14/16 Patienten konnte der Elektrodendefekt im Rahmen der Nachsorge nicht rechtzeitig erkannt werden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung war bei 6/16 Patienten (38%) die Therapiesicherheit des implantierten ICD-Systems nicht mehr gewährleistet. Schlußfolgerung: Systemintegrierte Diagnose- und Meßfunktionen sind eine wichtige Option zur Erkennung von ICD-Elektrodendefekten. Die Einführung systemintegrierter, automatisch durchgeführter Kontrollen aller elektrodenbezogenen Meßwerte in Verbindung mit Patientenwarneinrichtung könnte zu einer weiteren Steigerung der Sicherheit der Therapie mit implantierbaren Kardioverter/Defibrillatoren beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Ural ; Maksyutov complex ; Garnet ; Chloritoid ; P ; T path
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Metasedimentary garnet-mica schists are interlayered with metabasic garnet–omphacite schists and enclose eclogite boudins in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex in the Southern Urals, Russia. These three rock types were investigated in one outcrop and compared chemographically and thermobarometrically. The Fe/Mg distributions between garnet rim–omphacite and garnet rim–phengite pairs indicate different equilibration temperatures for the three samples, with the lowest temperature (500°C, 〉1.5 GPa) for the eclogite boudin, an intermediate temperature (630°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the foliated eclogite and the highest temperature (650°C, 〉1.7 GPa) for the garnet-mica schist. The garnets in garnet-mica schist enclose abundant chloritoid relics and the Fe/Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet records an earlier high-temperature stage (650°C, 〉2.0 GPa) before the garnet rim–phengite temperatures were reached. Together with some minimum- and maximum-pressure estimates three different prograde pressure–temperature paths and a common retrograde metamorphic evolution are interpreted from the chemographic and thermobarometric data. The different early metamorphic evolutions and conditions confirm the variability of protoliths, which are also indicated by different U/Pb zircon and rutile ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 5 (1987), S. 17-44 
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Complex carbohydrates ; Glycoconjugates ; Lectins ; Histochemistry ; Cytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In recent years technological advancements have led to improvements in ultrastructural cytochemical methods for localizing and characterizing complex carbohydrates. In particular the introduction of lectins with specific affinities for various sugars and sugar sequences as histochemical probes has increased knowledge concerning the cellular and subcellular distribution of glycoconjugates. Development of nonepoxy-based embedding materials has provided increased sensitivity compared to the earlier less specific methods and the current lectin methods for localizing sugar moieties. Postembedment staining based on the reactivity of functional groups present in sugars, such as hydroxyl groups, vicinal diol groups, carboxyl groups, and sulfate esters, requires specific conditions for tissue fixation and embedding. The same requirements pertain to staining based on lectin binding. The influence of fixation and embedment using older and newly developed embedding mixtures on the ultrastructural demonstration of complex carbohydrates is considered in this discussion. Fixation with osmium tetroxide and embedment in epoxy resins provides the least sensitive combination for the detection of the reactive groups of complex carbohydrates. The best ultrastructural demonstration of glycoconjugates is achieved when nonosmicated tissues are embedded in nonepoxy resins.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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