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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (5)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3)
  • Key words Schizophrenia  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schizophrenie ; Genetik ; Schizophrenes Spektrum ; Kopplungsuntersuchungen ; Assoziationsuntersuchungen ; Key words Schizophrenia ; Genetics ; Schizophrenia spectrum ; Linkage studies ; Association studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Schizophrenia is a genetic complex disease as it does not follow monogenic transmission while non-familial environmental factors have a strong additional impact. A heterogenous, continuous phenotype is transmitted in families which can now be more precisely characterized. Genes coding for proteins with presumed pathophysiological relevance are apparently not playing a major causal role. However, in the last three years several (currently seven) candidate regions have been identified in a replicable manner by linkage studies. These regions are likely to host susceptibility genes for schizophrenia, but none of them has been identified up to now. Given these findings, polygenic transmission has now become very likely. The candidate regions are currently being narrowed down by various promising techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Schizophrenie gehört zu den genetisch komplexen Erkrankungen, die keinem monogenen Erbgang folgen und bei denen auch nichtfamiliäre Umgebungsfaktoren eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Dabei wird intrafamiliär ein heterogener, quantitativ variierender Phänotyp übertragen, der zunehmend genauer charakterisiert werden kann. Keines der bekannten Gene mit vermuteter pathophysiologischer Relevanz spielt nach den bisherigen Erkenntnissen eine substantielle Rolle. In den vergangenen drei Jahren ist es aber erstmals durch Kopplungsuntersuchungen gelungen, mehrere replizierbare Kandidatenregionen (derzeit sieben) auf dem Genom zu identifizieren, in denen vermutlich Suszeptibilitätsgene für Schizophrenie liegen. Keines dieser Gene wurde jedoch bislang identifiziert. Mit diesen Befunden ist eine polygene Übertragung der Schizophrenie sehr wahrscheinlich geworden. Verschiedene Techniken zur Eingrenzung der Kandidatenregionen werden derzeit erfolgreich angewandt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 250 (2000), S. 24-30 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; Continuous Performance Test ; Decrements of Vigilance ; Sustained Attention ; Neuropsychology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Continuous Performance Test (CPT) is a widely used procedure for sustained attention/vigilance measurement. However, though the key index of vigilance impairment is the decrement of sensitivity over time during the test period, only few studies have examined whether schizophrenics show a larger drop in CPT performance than do healthy controls. 48 schizophrenic inpatients and 48 controls were investigated with the Munich CPT (480 visual stimuli, 25% target stimuli, one stimulus per second). Stimuli were degraded by randomly inverting 40%, 41%, 42%, or 43% of the pixels. Results were calculated separately for three consecutive trial sections. Additionally, PANSS ratings, medication, and other clinical data were documented. Schizophrenics show a vigilance decrement over time, controls show a vigilance increase. Differential vigilance changes were not related to the level of stimulus degradation. Schizophrenics performed worse than controls only at the lowest degradation level. While overall sensitivity correlated negatively with the dose of atypical neuroleptics and benzodiazepines, vigilance shifts over time correlated negatively with the dose of typical neuroleptics. Furthermore, sensitivity was related to the cognitive PANSS syndrome, number of admissions/duration of illness. Differential sensitivity decrements of schizophrenics and controls can be shown if suited CPT procedures are used. The need for basic research on experimental conditions of the CPT as well as examination of the relationship between sustained attention/vigilance decrements and clinical features of schizophrenia is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 558 (1988), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Sulfides with Nitrogen Monoxide in Aqueous SolutionThe title reaction has been reinvestigated by VIS/UV and NMR spectrometric measurements. The formation of N-nitrosohydroxylamine monosulfonate could be confirmed. Moreover we could observe that unstable orange-yellow perthionitrite appears temporarily.
    Notes: Die Titelreaktion ist durch VIS/UV- und NMR-spektrometrische Messungen erneut untersucht worden. Dabei konnte die überraschende Entstehung von N-Nitrosohydroxyl-aminmonosulfonat bestätigt und überdies die vorübergehende Bildung von in Wasser unbeständigem orangegelbem Perthionitrit nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 538 (1986), S. 177-190 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of the Reaction of Sulfur with Sodium Nitrite in DMF, DMSO, and HMPAThe mechanism of the title reaction has been elucidated by VIS/UV, IR, 15N NMR, and ESR spectrometric measurements, gas analysis, and chromatography. The course of the complex reaction and the great number of products  -  nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, sodium thiosulfate, sulfate, polysulfides, polythionates, nitrate  -  can be explained with the assumption that at first perthionitrates NaSxNO2 are formed, which are decomposed either to give dinitrogen monoxide and thiosulfate, or, react with nitrite to yield nitrate and perthionitrite NaS2NO which dissociates reversibly into sodium trisulfide(-I) and nitrogen monoxide. (The details of the two main series of competitive and consecutive reaction steps can be seen from the tabular summary at the end of the text). The characteristic colour change during the reaction from blue-Green to orange-red is due to the formation of the two coloured species: S3- (blue, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2.029) and ONSS- (red, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, ref. K15NO3).
    Notes: Durch VIS/UV-, IR-, 15N-NMR- und ESR-spektrometrische Messungen, sowie chromatographische und Gas-Analysen ist der Mechanismus der Titelreaktion aufgeklärt worden. Der Verlauf der komplexen Umsetzung und die groβe Anzahl von Produkten  -  Distickstoffoxid, Stickstoffmonoxid, Natriumthiosulfat, Sulfat, Polysulfide, Polythionate, Nitrat  -  können mit der Annahme erklärt werden, daß zunächst Natriumperthionitrate NaSxNO2 entstehen, die sich in Distickstoffoxid und Thiosulfat zersetzen, oder auch mit Nitrit zu Nitrat und Perthionitrit, NaSSNO, reagieren, das reversibel in Stickoxid und Natriumtrisulfid(1 - ) dissoziiert. (Bezüglich der Einzelheiten der konkurrierenden und aufeinander folgenden Reaktionsschritte vgl. Tab. 2.) Der charakteristische Farbwechsel während der Titelreaktion von blau-grün über braun nach orangerot ist auf die Entstehung zweier Farbträger zurückzuführen: S3- (blau, λmax = 620 nm, g = 2,029) und ONSS- (rot, λmax = 448 nm, δ(15N) = 334 ppm, bez. auf K15NO3).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 24 (1891), S. 4231-4233 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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